Thomas Campbell Minha Grande Teoria de Tudo Livro 2 Compress

Mgh`k Erkhbj
Rjcrgk bj Rubc<
BJ^NCFJVRK
TKVRJ BCG^ BK RVGACEGK

ZHGIGNKBCVK BK IGAC^CIGK,
IÍ^GNK J MJRKIÍ^GNK
R`cmks Nkmpfjaa
`ttp<//www.My-Fge-RCJ.ncm
`ttp<//www.MyFgeRCJ.ncm.fr
******jfcco nchvjrtjr BJMC Uktjrmkros*******

Rítuac crgeghka< My Fge RCJ< Bgsncvjry
Ncpyrge`t © 644> pcr R`cmks Nkmpfjaa

Crgeghka jm Gheaìs pufagnkbc pjak Age`tghghe ^trgoj Fccos
Ncpyrge`t bk Rrkbuåîc © 64;5 pcr Mkrgc L T ^khtcs
Rcbcs cs bgrjgtcs rjsjrvkbcs „ ghnausgvj c bgrjgtc bj rjprcbuåîc, tctka cu pkrngka, j jm
qukaqujr icrmktc. Hjhùmk pkrtj pcbj sjr eukrbkbk jm um sgstjmk bj rjnupjrkåîc, cu
trkhsmgtgbk jm hjhùmk icrmk cu pcr hjhùm mjgc jajtròhgnc, mjnæhgnc, ictcncpgkbc,
erkvkbc, bgegtka, þtgnc, cu bj cutrk icrmk, sjm k prjvgk kutcrgzkåîc pcr jsnrgtc bc kutcr.
Rrkbuåîc j rjvgsîc bjstj vcaumj

vca umj pcr Mkrgc LLT
T ^khtcs, Hktks`k M ^khtcs, Njasc RT
Luhgcr, ûjag Jhbrguokgtj ncm umk ncakfcrkåîc bj Yghgngus Kzjvjbc. ^gtj bk
trkbuåîc pcr Ejrsch Mjbjgrcs< www.MyFgeRCJ.ncm.fr
www.MyFgeRCJ.ncm.fr.. Nchtktc scfrj k
trkbuåîc<< trkbunkcmyfgetcjDemkga.ncm .
trkbuåîc
KrtjNjasc,
Nkpk< bk Nkpk< Irkho
Mkrgc
Mkrgc Icstjr
& Ljhs Ukatjr
6ª Jbgåîc 64;7

Kc N`rgs
Kc Fcf j k Hkhny
Kc Bjhhgs & Hkhny Ajk
Kc Rcbb, Ayaj, Ghk j kc Rrjvcr,

nulc jhncrklkmjhtc
icg n`kvj pkrk c ìxgtc.
Tkrk kqujajs hjnjssgtkhbc bj

umk hcvk pjrspjntgvk.
Tkrk tcbcs cs quj jstîc jm fusnk bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj.
Ä Tkmjak, K Ühgnk (R`j Chj).
Kc kmcr quj jstë bjhtrc,
Zm Ncrkåîc
Ijagz.

...

^ghcpsj
Mgh`k Rjcrgk bc Rubc bj Ygsîc Kmpak
My Fge RCJ - Zmk trgacegk uhgignkbcrk bk igacscigk, iísgnk j mjtkiísgnk
...
Agvrc ;< Bjspjrtkr
K ^jåîc ; prcvì umk fgcerkigk pkrngka bc kutcr quj ç pjrtghjhtj k sufsjqujhtj nrgkåîc
bjstk trgacegk. Jssk frjvj mgrkbk ä jxpjrgìhngk ühgnk j nrjbjhngkgs bc kutcr akhåk kaeumk auz
scfrj ks crgejhs bjstj trkfka`c jxtrkcrbghërgc. Ks ksscngkåújs pcunc usukgs, ks ngrnuhstæhngks, c
trjghkmjhtc j pjsqugsk ghgngkgs quj jvjhtukamjhtj ajvkrkm k nrgkåîc bk trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ”
sîc bjsnrgtks pkrk pjrmgtgr umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs knurkbk bc tcbc.
K ^jåîc 6 bjsjh`k, lustgignk acegnkmjhtj j bjighj cs facncs nchnjgtukgs fësgncs

hjnjssërgcs k bjsnrgåîc bcs iuhbkmjhtcs nchnjgtukgs bk ‑My Fge RCJ”.
RCJ”. Bgsnutj ks nrjhåks
nuaturkgs quj prjhbjm hcssc pjhskmjhtc k umk nchnjgtukåîc agmgtkbk j jstrjgtk bk rjkagbkbj,
bjighj cs iuhbkmjhtcs bk jpgstjmcacegk j chtcacegk bk ‑Ygsîc Mkgs Kmpak”, kssgm ncmc
jxkmghk hcssc iuhngchkmjhtc ghtjrhc j k prëtgnk bk mjbgtkåîc. Mkgs gmpcrtkhtj kghbk, k ^jåîc 6
bjighj j bjsjhvcavj cs bcgs pcstuakbcs fësgncs scfrj cs qukgs, k trgacegk ç fksjkbk. K pkrtgr
bjstjs bcgs pcstuakbcs, tjmpc, jspkåc, nchsngìhngk j ks prcprgjbkbjs fësgnks, cfljtgvc j
mjnæhgnk bk hcssk rjkagbkbj sîc acegnkmjhtj ghijrgbcs.
Agvrc 6< Bjsncfjrtk

K ^jåîc > bjsjhvcavj k ghtjriknj j ghtjrkåîc jhtrj ‑hþs ks pjsscks” j hcssk rjkagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk bgegtka. Jak bjrgvk j jxpagnk ks nkrkntjrístgnks, crgejhs, bghæmgnks j iuhåîc bc jec, bc
kmcr, bk agfjrbkbj bj jsnca`k j bj hcssc cfljtgvc mkgs kmpac. Ighkamjhtj, k ^jåîc > bjsjhvcavj
c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk bk T^G kssgm ncm jxpagnk j ghtjr-rjakngchk cs ijhòmjhcs T^G, c agvrj
krfítrgc, c kmcr, k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk, k iísgnk, k rjkagbkbj, c cfljtgvc ùmkhc, k
ncmputkåîc bgegtka j k jhtrcpgk.
K ^jåîc 2 bjsnrjvj um mcbjac iuhngchka j cpjrkngchka bj nchsngìhngk quj ajvk kbgkhtj

cs rjsuatkbcs bk ^jåîc > j bë fksj ks nchnausújs bk ^jåîc :. Ks crgejhs j k hkturjzk bgegtka bk
nchsngìhngk, k quka ajvk ä nchsngìhngk rjka j k hþs. K ^jåîc 2, bjrgvk hcssc uhgvjrsc iísgnc, hcssk
ngìhngk j hcssk pjrnjpåîc bk rjkagbkbj iísgnk. K bgnctcmgk mjhtj „ mktçrgk ç rjscavgbk, kssgm
ncmc k rjkagbkbj iísgnk ç bjrgvkbk bk hkturjzk bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka.
Agvrc >< Iuhngchkmjhtcs Ghtjrhcs

K ^jåîc : luhtk ks sjåújs 6, > j 2 jm um mcbjac mkgs icrmka bk rjkagbkbj quj bjsnrjvj
ncmc umk rjkagbkbj kpkrjhtjmjhtj hîc-iísgnk iuhngchk, ghtjrkej j sj ghtjr-rjakngchk ncm hcssk
jxpjrgìhngk bj rjkagbkbj iísgnk. Vjkagbkbjs prcvëvjgs, prjbgåîc j mcbgignkåîc bc iuturc,
tjajtrkhspcrtj, vgkejm hc tjmc, tjajpktgk, ncrpcs müatgpacs iísgncs j hîc-iísgncs, j k hkturjzk
irkntka bj umk rjkagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka jm jvcauåîc sîc jxpagnkbcs j bjsnrgtcs jm
bjtka`j.
K ^jåîc 9 ç k nchscagbkåîc ighka quj ncacnk tubc quj icg bgsnutgbc hks ^jåújs bj 6 k :
jm umk pjrspjntgvk pjsscka, ikngamjhtj ncmprjjhsívja. Kbgngchkamjhtj jstk sjåîc tkmfçm
kpchtk pkrk k rjakåîc jhtrj k Mgh`k Erkhbj Rjcrgk bc Rubc j k ngìhngk j igacscigk
nchtjmpcræhjks. Tcr nchsjeugr bjmchstrkr umk rjakåîc nchnjgtuka prþxgmk jhtrj jssk ‑RCJ”
‑RCJ” j
kaeumks
Fge RCJ”bks
hchcssks mkgs rjspjgtkbks
pjhskmjhtc ngjhtíignc j jstrjaks ghtjajntukgs,
igacsþignc Cngbjhtka. k ^jåîc 9 scagbkmjhtj ghtjerk k ‑My

▤▤▤
Nchtjübc
^ghcpsj
Kerkbjngmjhtcs
Kerkbjng mjhtcs
Trjiëngc< Hctk bc Kutcr kc Ajgtcr
Trþacec< Zmk Crgjhtkåîc Nchnjgtuka
Agstk bj Knròhgmcs, ^ímfcacs, Tkakvrks j Irksjs Jstrkhejgrks
^jåîc > C ^jr @umkhc Hc Ngrnugtc Ncmc Hcs Jhnkgxkmcs Hk Ygsîc Kmpak Jec, Ncrpc,
Mjhtj j Trcpþsgtc
; (>:) Ghtrcbuåîc ä ^jåîc >

6 (>9) Nkrkmfk, ^jrë [uj Jstj Vktc Ecrbc Kghbk Ykg Jhnchtrkr C [ujglc3
> (>5) Khgmj-sj< Ks Ncgsks Hîc Jstîc Rîc ^cmfrgks Ncmc Ycnì Tcbjrgk Tjhskr. Tcr Ikvcr
bgek ‑Pgsss” J Mkhtjh`k C ^crrgsc!
2 (>0) ^jrë [uj c Erkhbj Nkrk Rjm Zmk Ktgtubj3 J Hþs
Hþs Rjmcs3 Jspjnuaj! Bkhnj Nchicrmj k
Müsgnk!
: (>7) Tcr quj Hþs3 Tcr quj Bjstk Icrmk3 C [uj Zm Nkrk Ajeka Ncmc Ycnì Jstë Ikzjhbc
Hum Auekr Ncmc Jstj3
9 (24) Zmk Aksnk bc Yja`c Facnc
9.;
9.6 Tjhskmjhtc
Tcr quj Hîc çTcbjmcs
c quj c quj nchtk.
Rcrhkr Hcssk @gstþrgk Mkgs Bgrjtk3
9.> Cutrks Bgmjhsújs.
9.2 Ajvjm-mj kc sju aíbjr.
9.: Mju Bjus ç Mkgcr [uj C ^ju
5 (2;) K Hkturjzk bk Nchsngìhngk, Ncmputkbcrjs j Hþs
0 (26) ^jrë [uj C Erkhbj Nkrk Rjm ^jhtgmjhtcs cu Tjrschkagbkbj3 C [uj Kmcr Rjm K Yjr
Ncm Nchsngìhngk3
7 (2>) Ygbk j Kmcr hk Taknk bj Tjtrg Erkhbj Ngìhngk, Fcm Takhc „ Kecrk Kc Rrkfka`c
;4 (22) [uka ç c Tchtc3 (Tkrk [uj Rubc Gstc3)
;; (2:) Mjhtj, Nçrjfrc j Ncrpc

;6 (29) C Trjsgbjhtj bk Jmprjsk, j Hcssk Trcvëvja Gmpcrtæhngk Vjaktgvk
;> (25) Ghnjrtjzk j Mkhgpuakåîc bc Iuturc Ncm K Ghtjhåîc „ K Hkturjzk bc Ijhòmjhc Tsg -
Mjbgåîc j Ykagbkåîc „ Rcmkhbc c Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc
;2 (20) Zmk Ca`kbk Mkgs bj Tjrtc HcHc Ijhòmjhc Tsg, hk HTMV j Ycnì
;: (27) ^jåîc > Tcsaübgc ^kubkåújs! Ajgtcrjs Nkacrcscs
Nkacrcscs Yþs ^cgs Zm Fkhbc Ncrklcsc j Rjhkz
^jåîc 2 Vjscavjhbc c Mgstçrgc

Mgstçrgc Mjhtj, Mktçrgk, Jhjregk j Jxpjrgìhngk
;9 (:4) Ghtrcbuåîc K ^jåîc 2

;5 (:;) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk „ Ncmputkbcrjs, ^gmuakåújs, Ghtjageìhngk
Krtgigngka j Hþs
;0 (:6) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Ncmc c Lcec bj Ncmputkbcr Bj ^jus Iga`cs
Iuhngchk
;7 (:>) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk C Nkrk GK bj Yjrbkbj, Tcbj Ignkr bj Tç3
64 (:2) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Kaeuhs bj Mjus Mja`crjs Kmgecs ^îc Nkrks
GK, Mks Ju Hîc Grgk [ujrjr [uj Mgh`k Grmî ^j Nksj Ncm Zm!
6; (::) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk ^gaíngc j Nkrfchc, Krjgk j Nkrvîc, Bjpjhbj
Bc [uj Ycnì [ujr Ikzjr ncm gssc
66 (:9) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Nchluhtcs-bj-Vjerks (NbVs), Vjstrgåújs j
Hþs Chbj, KZM, ^jm Auekr Tkrk Gr Tcåks hc Tgsc bk Nchsngìhngk
6> (:5) Zm Mcbjac Iuhngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Bjpcgs bks Tcåks KZM
KZM K Jvcauåîc Agmpk k
Fkeuhåk
62 (:0) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk K Jvcauåîc bk Tcåk Ncmjåk k Vjvcauåîc (Jg
Lkoj, ûk Rëtkrk7444Kvþ Icg Zmk Tcåk Vjtkrbkbk)
6: (:7) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Brcek! Ighkamjhtj Jhnchtrkmcs Zmk Ichtj
bj Jhjregk Fkrktk J ^cmcs Hþs Mjsmcs!
69 (94) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Ghbgvgbukagstks Ercssjgrcs Ika`km Jm
Jhtrjekr k Mjrnkbcrgk
65 (9;) Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk Jspkåc-Rjmpc< K ^cauåîc bj Trcljtc Tkrk
Jvcauåîc Þtgmk bk Nchsngìhngk
60 (96) Cs Iuhbkmjhtcs bk Jxpjrgìhngk C Nchluhtc-bj-Vjerks Jspkåc-Rjmpc
67 (9>) C Jspkåc-Rjmpc Ncmjåk Ncm Zm Fkhe, j Kssjhtk ks Vjerks
>4 (92) Nchsngìhngk, Jspkåc-Rjmpc j TMV
>; (9:) Bjrgvkhbc k Iísgnk bk TMV K Tkrtgr bk Nchsngìhngk
>6 (99) K Mjnæhgnk bk Jxpjrgìhngk
>> (95) K Mjnæhgnk bk Tjrnjpåîc j Tjrspjntgvk
>2 (90) K TMV Ncmc Zm Lcec Bj Vjkagbkbj Ygrtuka
Ygrtuka
>: (97) Místgncs bj Yjrbkbj Hîc Iumkm hc Fkh`jgrc
>9 (54) K Tcaítgnk Bk Vjkagbkbj
>5 (5;) Iísgnk Jstrkh`k Vjqujr Iísgncs Jstrkh`cs
>0 (56) ^jåîc 2 Tcsaübgc ^kubkåújs! Ajgtcrjs Bc
Bc Ncrkåîc, Ycssks Mjhtjs j Icråks bj Ychtkbj
^îc Vjkamjhtj Jxtrkcrbghërgks
(*) Hctk bkc ;¼

ncmpajtk, Rrkbuåîc
Rrkbuåîc<< c hümjrc
k humjrkåîc hjstjjhtrj
agvrc.pkrìhtjsgs, rjprjsjhtk k humjrkåîc bc nkpítuac hk sjquìhngk bk trgacegk

▤▤▤

Kerkbjngmjhtcs
K Ühgnk. Humk nktjecrgk sþ pkrk jak, qujrgk kerkbjnjr k ghncmjhsurëvja nchtrgfugåîc,
bj tcbks ks icrmks pcssívjgs, bkbk pjak mkgs nchstkhtj, nchsgstjhtj j bjskigkbcrk prcijsscrk<
Tæmjak „ ‑K Ühgnk”.
Ncmpkh`jgrcs bj vgkejm. Trgmjgrc j mkgs gmpcrtkhtj, kerkbjåc k Fcf Mchrcj j k suk
jspcsk Hkhny quj pjrmgtgrkm mgh`k jxpacrkåîc pjac nkmgh`c quj jvjhtukamjhtj mj ajvcu k
trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ”. Jm sjeugbk k Bjhhgs Mjhhjrgn`, mju kmgec jxpacrkbcr j ncmpkh`gk
bj vgkejm. Ghnjhtgvkmcs um kc cutrc qukhbc hjhùm bj hþs skfgk mugtc chbj jstëvkmcs ghbc
cu ncmc ikríkmcs pkrk n`jekr aë. Jhtîc k Hkhny Ajk MnMchjkeaj, quj hîc icg kpjhks k
prgmjgrk vgklkhtj, ncmc tkmfçm k prghngpka ikngagtkbcrk bc sunjssc bj Mchrcj. Rcbks lcgks rkrks,
nkbk um „ Ju hîc pcbjrgk pkrtgr jm umk lcrhkbk jstrkh`k ncm umk ncajåîc mja`cr bj kmgecs j
mjhtcrjs. Ighkamjhtj, pkrk cs mugtcs hîc hcmjkbcs quj mj prcpcrngchkrkm ks cpcrtuhgbkbjs
quj mj pjrmgtgrkm sjr c quj j qujm mj tcrhjg. Ecstkrgk bj pcbjr tjr ijgtc mkgs ncm ks
cpcrtuhgbkbjs quj vcnìs mj cijrjnjrkm. Hc igm sîc jstjs bjz, jstks njhtjhks, jstjs mga`krjs,
quj tcrhkrkm jssk trgacegk pcssívja. Cfrgekbc k tcbcs.
Erkhbjs nchtrgfughtjs. Jm umk vjgk mkgs bgrjtk j gmjbgktk, `ë kaeuhs ajgtcrjs bj
ghbcmkbk icrtkajzk k qujm scu jtjrhkmjhtj erktc. C tjmpc j jsicråc vcauhtërgcs bjssks pjsscks
jxtrkcrbghërgks ikz tcbk kqukhtc
nakrcs j ncmprjjhsívjgs bgijrjhåk hc muhbc. Luhtcs hþs tjhtkmcs tcrhkr tcbcs cs trìs agvrcs tîc
icg pcssívja.
Kerkbjngmjhtcs jspjngkgs pkrk Ayaj Iuaajr, Rcbb T`gagps, Ghk Ouzmkh j Nkrcaghj
Akmpjrt pjac sju jsicråc jm mja`crkr k ajegfgagbkbj j nakrjzk bj My Fge RCJ. Rcbcs cs trìs
icrkm rëpgbcs jm kpchtkr chbj bjgxjg pjbrks pkrk trcpjåkr pjac nkmgh`c bc jhtjhbgmjhtc bk
‑Fge RCJ”. Kbgngchkamjhtj, cs qujstgchkmjhtcs bj Rcbb j Ghk sjrvgrkm ncmc nktkagskbcrjs
pkrk bjsjhtcnkr mugtc mktjrgka ghtjrjsskhtj. Mugtc cfrgekbc k N`rgs Hjasch, qujm mj ijz
ncmjåkr k jsnrjvjr jm prgmjgrc auekr. ^jm k ejhjrcsgbkbj katruístk j bjbgnkåîc kngmk bj tcbk
rkzîc, jstk trgacegk sjrgk umk pcfrj scmfrk bkqugac quj vcnì tjm k suk irjhtj.
Knrjsnjhtkhbc, kerkbjåc k Hkhny Ajk MnMchjkeaj j Bjhhgs Mjhhjrgn` pcr klubkr j

ncrrcfcrkr hk prjngsîc bk mgh`k mjmþrgk bcs prgmjgrcs bgks jm U`gstajigjab. Rkmfçm um
sghnjrc cfrgekbc k Ayaj Iuaajr, Lcja Bcfrjzjajwsog, Rrjvcr Ecabstjgh j Jrgn Nkmpfjaa pjac
sju jhncrklkmjhtc j fcks pjreuhtks. Kerkbjngmjhtc jspjngka k ^tjvj Rrkejssjr pcr ikzjr
qujstújs quj sj tcrhkrkm nktkagskbcrks bj mugtc hc Nkpítuac ;0, Agvrc >. Bk mjsmk mkhjgrk, k
Ayaj Iuaajr pcr cfstghkbkmjhtj nkåkr pjreuhtks quj jvjhtukamjhtj prcbuzgrkm k bgsnussîc
scfrj agvrj krfítrgc jhnchtrkbk hc Nkpítuac ;;, Agvrc 6 j quj kbgngchkrkm nakrjzk k mgh`k
jxpcsgåîc kc prghnípgc bj ghnjrtjzk T^G. ^gmgakrmjhtj, k Rrjvcr Ecabstjgh, nulk jxpjrgìhngk j
pjreuhtks prjngpgtkrkm k bgsnussîc scfrj tjntòhgnk mjhtka hc Nkpítuac 9, Agvrc 6? j pkrk Ghk
Ouzmkh, pcr ghgngkr k bgsnussîc jhnchtrkbk hc Nkpítuac 6>, Agvrc ; scfrj k hkturjzk j k prëtgnk
bk mjbgtkåîc. Rkmfçm, cfrgekbc pkrk Jrgn Nkmpfjaa pcr ghgngkr k bgsnussîc scfrj ks rjstrgåújs
hkturkgs bj um sgstjmk ighgtc bj nchsngìhngk. Nrçbgtcs pkrkr Frykh Mctt, Rjb Ycaajrs, Rcm
@khb, \khj Wcuhe, V`chbk Ekhz j Orgstcp`jr Nkmpfjaa pcr mj cijrjnjrjm ncmjhtërgcs
ütjgs j ikzjrjm fcks pjreuhtks. Ighkamjhtj, ecstkrgk bj kerkbjnjr k ^tjvj Okuimkh, pcr jstkr hc
auekr njrtc j hk `crk njrtk ncm sju agvrc< Rjcrgk bk Vjkagbkbj Zhgignkbk< K Jvcauåîc bk
Jxgstìhngk pkrk k Jxpjrgìhngk. Kbcrc qukhbc um pakhc knkfk iuhngchkhbc.
Klubk Nchtrktkbk. Buks bkmks bj erkhbj ghtjergbkbj j ncmpjtìhngk pjrmgtgrkm quj
My Fge RCJ igzjssj k trkhsgåîc bj umk nrgkåîc kmkbcrk pkrk um prcbutc prcigssgchka. Oktj vch
^jjfure, bchk bk O0 & Ncmpkhy, jbgtcu c mkhusnrgtc jhqukhtc Mgn`jaj BjIgagppc, bchk bk
;;49 Bjsgeh, prcbuzgu k bgkerkmkåîc j k nkpk.
Ikmíagk. Erkhbj jstgmk pkrk k mgh`k jspcsk j iga`cs, quj pkngjhtj j kajerjmjhtj mj
pjrmgtgrkm trkfka`kr ‑hc agvrc” qukhbc bjvjrgk a`js bkr ktjhåîc. Jspjrc quj c rjsuatkbc ighka sj
prcvj mjrjnjbcr bc hcssc sknrgiíngc ncajtgvc.
Hîc-nchtrgfughtjs. Tcr üatgmc, j njrtkmjhtj ncmc míhgmc, ecstkrgk bj pjac mjhcs
mjhngchkr Okt`y Nyp`jrt j Tjeey Vcn`ghj, qujm, luhtc bj mugtcs cutrcs, humjrcscs bjmkgs
pkrk hcmjkr, nchtrgfuírkm ncm kfscautkmjhtj hkbk ncm jstj jsicråc, mks qujrgkm vjr sjus
hcmjs mjhngchkbcs mjsmc kssgm. Kbgngchkamjhtj, Fcabkr, Ogkhk, Chyx, Lcj, Hgoog, N`gnc, Mr.
Tgnoaj, ^gb, Mcj, ^r. Mkxgmus, ^huiiy, ^r. Mghgmus, Ogk, Ekfrgjaaj, Gskfja j Ouek-Fjkr tkmfçm
mjrjnjm umk mjhåîc `chrcsk pcr suk mkrnkhtj hîc nchtrgfugåîc.
- Rcm Nkmpfjaa,
7 bj bjzjmfrc bj 6446

▤▤▤

Trjiëngc< Hctk bc Kutcr kc Ajgtcr
^gm, vcnì bjvjrgk ajr jstj prjiëngc.
Jhtjhbc quj mugtcs ajgtcrjs tìm pcunc ghtjrjssj, cu pkngìhngk, jm ajr jxtjhscs prjiëngcs
j prþacecs. K prgmjgrk pjreuhtk sjmprj ç< Bjvc ekstkr tjmpc ajhbc jstj tjxtc kuxgagkr cu pcssc
puaë-ac sjm pjrbjr hkbk
K mkgcrgk gmpcrtkhtj3
ignk khsgcsk pkrk pksskr pjaks prjagmghkrjs j gmjbgktkmjhtj nrkvkr hcsscs
bjhtjs hk nkrhj bc tjxtc prghngpka. Khtjngpkåîc j jxpjntktgvk hcs gmpuasgchkm pkrk n`jekr ä
ncgsk rjka. Hþs bk nuaturk Cngbjhtka scmcs gmpkngjhtjs, crgjhtkbcs kc cfljtgvc, mcvgbcs jm
bgrjåîc kcs pchtcs ighkgs. Jm hcssk prjssk pkrk k agh`k bj n`jekbk, ‑quksj hîc pjrnjfjmcs k
lcrhkbk” quj hcs ajvk ktç aë. Rka bgrjngchkmjhtc bj ìhiksj, ejrkamjhtj bgssgpk hcssks
cpcrtuhgbkbjs pcrquì, ncm irjquìhngk, k pkrtj mkgs ‑skfcrcsk j hutrgtgvk” bk vgbk jstë jm
‑jxpjrgmjhtkr c prcnjssc”, hîc jm kankhåkr c cfljtgvc.
Kc igm bk ^jåîc 9 vcnì grë, sjm büvgbk, nchncrbkr quj jssjs agvrcs sîc… bgekmcs,
bgijrjhtjs. Ncmc tka, rjqujrjm umk kfcrbkejm bgijrjhtj. C prjiëngc j c prþacec bj ‑My Fge
RCJ”” sîc pkrtjs ghtjerkgs bk `gstþrgk. Lë quj k trgacegk kfrj umk trga`k hcvk ‑fjm achej bc
RCJ
nkmgh`c nch`jngbc”, ç jssjhngka ghnaugr um mktjrgka ghtrcbutþrgc, quj klubj k prjpkrë-ac pkrk c
quj jstë kbgkhtj. ^jg quj jstë khsgcsc pkrk nchtghukr j bjsncfrgr sj k trgacegk ‑jhtrjek k
mjrnkbcrgk”, mks gr rëpgbc bjmkgs jm fusnk bjssj kavc, hk vjrbkbj rjbuz k prcfkfgagbkbj bj quj
vcnì sjqujr n`jeuj aë.
K iuhåîc bc prjiëngc j bc prþacec ç mkxgmgzkr c rjtcrhc bc sju ghvjstgmjhtc hk ajgturk.
Jajs prcvìm umk vgsîc ejrka bk tchkagbkbj, bk jstruturk, bc prcnjssc j bk mjnæhgnk bk trgacegk.
Jstkfjajnjm umk vgsîc kmpak bc nchtjübc bjak j rksnuh`km um mkpk ‑mkgs ercssjgrc”, bj chbj
vcnì grë hjstk lcrhkbk ghncmum. Jajs icrhjnjm c nchtjxtc j c icnc, chbj c nchtjübc bk trgacegk
ignk, jm suk mkgcrgk, mkgs ikngamjhtj ncmprjjhbgbc. Trþacec j prjiëngc luhtcs, mja`crkm k
ncmprjjhsîc j mghgmgzkm k irustrkåîc kc bkr umk vgsîc eacfka bk iacrjstk, khtjs quj vcnì
ncmjnj k bjsnjr pkrk c mjgc bks ërvcrjs.
Icrtjmjhtj rjncmjhbc quj vcnì kbctj umk ktgtubj bj pkngìhngk qukhtc k cftjr um
jhtjhbgmjhtc, bcs prciuhbcs mgstçrgcs j sjerjbcs khtgecs quj sîc acegnkmjhtj rjvjakbcs pcr
jstk ‑hcvk iísgnk”. K Mgh`k Erkhbj Rjcrgk Bj Rubc ajvkrë vcnì, tkhtc kc ghíngc ncmc kc igm
bc tjmpc. Ajvkrë iuhbc bjhtrc bc ncrkåîc ùmkhc j tkmfçm k schbkr cs agmgtjs bk mjhtj
ùmkhk. Bjighgrë suk sgehgignæhngk j icrhjnjrë hcvc sjhtgbc ä suk jxgstìhngk. Klubkrë k pjrnjfjr
j kpjrijgåckr sju pctjhngka. Bjsjhvcavjrë um jhtjhbgmjhtc ngjhtíignc tctkamjhtj hcvc, tkhtc bc
sju muhbc ghtjrgcr ncmc bc jxtjrgcr.
Ycnì pcbj kn`kr mkgs prcbutgvc rgtmkr suk ajgturk, mkgs hk prciuhbgbkbj bj
ncmprjjhsîc bc quj hc kvkhåc jm pëeghks agbks. Jvgtj ncrrjr bj um nchnjgtc k cutrc ncmc ks
nrgkhåks pjrsjeujm prjsjhtjs hc Hktka. Bì um tjmpc. Zm kagmjhtc pkrk c ncrkåîc, nkfjåk j
kamk ç mja`cr sj ghejrgbc kcs pcuncs, mcrbgbk k mcrbgbk, ncm pkusks rjiajxgvks j ncegtkåîc
nugbkbcsk pkrk klubkr k bgejstîc. Bjsncfjrtks ejhuíhks bjvjm sjr kfscrvgbks bjvkekr jhqukhtc
pkrkbgemks jxgstjhtjs sj bgsscavjm rjssjhtgbkmjhtj. Tkrkbgemks ikmgagkrjs, kssgm ncmc urscs
bj pjaüngk prjbgajtcs sîc bgiínjgs bj kfkhbchkr.
Rcbk lcrhkbk bj sunjssc, ghbjpjhbjhtj quîc achek cu bgiínga sjlk, ncmjåk ncm um
sgmpajs pkssc khgmkbc pjac fcm sjhsc, bgrgegbc pjacs cfljtgvcs j rjpjtgbc qukhtks vjzjs icrjm
hjnjssërgks, pcr cumk

prgmjgrc pkssc, pjrsjvjrkhåk
prþacec cfstghkbk.
c sjeuhbc, sjeugbcHjstk
pjacs lcrhkbk jm pkrtgnuakr,
trìs agvrcs< Bjspjrtkr,c Bjsncfjrtk
prjiëngc ç jc
Iuhngchkmjhtcs Ghtjrhcs.
Bgrjngchjg nugbkbcskmjhtj c nchtjübc bjstk jxpcsgåîc ngjhtíignk j igacsþignk pkrk umk
kubgìhngk ncmum bj jxpjrgìhngk vkrgkbk. Ycnì hîc prjngsk bj jxpjrgìhngk ngjhtíignk, igacsþignk
cu mjtkiísgnk pkrk jhtjhbjr c nchtjübc bk Mgh`k Erkhbj Rjcrgk Bj Rubc. Hjhùm skatc bj iç
cu nrjhåk sîc rjqujrgbcs pkrk n`jekr kchbj jstjs agvrcs grîc ajvkr. Zm fusnkbcr bk vjrbkbj
tjhkz j bjtjrmghkbc „ bj ghtjajntc icrtj j ghbjpjhbjhtj, quj tjh`k pcr hkturjzk umk mjhtj
kfjrtk j nçtgnk „ nchstgtug c ajgtcr gbjka. Hîc jxgstjm prç-rjqugsgtcs. ^j vcnì tjm mjhtj aþegnk,
kfjrtk j ghqugsgtgvk „ ktgtubj bj prkemktgsmc ngjhtíignc quj kprjngk k jajeæhngk bk vjrbkbj
iuhbkmjhtka j c krrjpgc bk bjsncfjrtk „ grë bjsirutkr jstk lcrhkbk bj bjsncfjrtk pjsscka j
ngjhtíignk.
^cf ks mja`crjs ngrnuhstæhngks, c sunjssc hk ncmuhgnkåîc bc nchtjübc bjstk trgacegk grë
jxgegr mugtc bj hþs bcgs. Jstj trkfka`c kprjsjhtk mugtcs bjskigcs ühgncs j kssustkbcrjs pkrk umk
ncmuhgnkåîc jigngjhtj jhtrj kutcr j ajgtcr. Ygsújs bc muhbc hîc sîc nca`gbks kc knksc, ncmc
irutks jm umk qugtkhbk< Tkrk ikzjr ks nchjxújs hjnjssërgks, prjngskmcs mjreua`kr iuhbc.
Fjm kfkgxc bks iuhbkåújs bc ghtjajntc, suk nuaturk akhåcu c mcbjac bk suk vgsîc bj
muhbc, pcr scfrj c sgstjmk bj nrjhåks njhtrka quj bjighj suk pjrnjpåîc bk jxgstìhngk. Ks
supcsgåújs quj bîc fksj k suk hcåîc bj rjkagbkbj, hîc sîc vgstks bj icrmk kaeumk ncmc
supcsgåújs „ sîc knjgtks, sjm qujstgchkmjhtc, ncmc c mkgs sþagbc bcs iktcs. Jstk ç
sgmpajsmjhtj, k hkturjzk bk nuaturk „ nrjhåk kc hívja bcs csscs j tjhbújs bk nchsngìhngk. K
qujstîc
suk ç< cs
nuaturk nchnjgtcs
„ hîc kprjsjhtkbcs
gmpcrtkhbc kqug grîc
bj quka nuaturk prcvkvjamjhtj
vcnì vjm. bjskigkr c sgstjmk bj nrjhåks bj
C mktjrgka bj ‑My Fge RCJ” pcbj bjskigkr suks `gpþtjsjs ikmgagkrjs, nrjhåks j
pkrkbgemks kc pchtc bj nkuskr bjsnchicrtc sçrgc. ^j jstj bjsnchicrtc ajvkr pkrk umk rjscauåîc
vkhtklcsk, ignc sktgsijgtc? sjhîc, ignc jhtrgstjngbc. Mju cfljtgvc ç sjr ghicrmktgvc j prjstktgvc. Rj
jhncrklc k pjekr c quj vcnì pubjr uskr prcvjgtcskmjhtj, j k kfkhbchkr c rjstc.
@ë nchnjgtcs j pjrspjntgvks hcvks j ghncmuhs kprjsjhtkbks kqug, quj sjrgkm c fkstkhtj
pkrk ejrkr vërgcs agvrcs. Bj prcpþsgtc bjgxjg mugtc hîc bgtc hk pjrgijrgk, ä igm bj mj mkhtjr
nchnjhtrkbc hk gbjgk njhtrka bc bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bk ‑Fge RCJ”. Kghbk quj k trgacegk pjrmkhjåk,
bc ghíngc kc igm, icnkagzkbk jm sju cfljtgvc prgmërgc, äs vjzjs, ikrjg pjqujhcs pkssjgcs aktjrkgs
hk icrmk bj kpkrtjs pkrk kbgngchkr ncr, jxpacrkr nchjxújs rjakngchkbks j ghsjrgr tþpgncs bj
ghtjrjssj jspjngka j vkacr prëtgnc. Jspjrc quj vjh`k k kn`kr jstjs pkssjgcs aktjrkgs tîc
ghtjrjsskhtjs j ghicrmktgvcs quj grë, ejhtgamjhtj, pjrbcë-acs pjak ghtjrrupåîc. Kaeum jsicråc sju
sjrë hjnjssërgc
bgsnussîc mkgcr.pkrk
Tkrkikzjr k pchtjbjhjstjs
tjr njrtjzk kpkrtjs
quj hîc ä igm bj sjmkhtjr
sj nchiuhbk k nchtghugbkbj
jstë ajhbc um kpkrtjaþegnk bk
cu tjxtc
prghngpka, cs kpkrtjs jstîc rjnukbcs, tjm suk ichtj jspjngka prþprgk, j sîc mkrnkbcs (hc ncmjåc j
hc igm) ncm sjtks pkrjngbks ncm jstk< ▹ . ^j um kpkrtj sjnuhbërgc rjsgbgr bjhtrc bj um kpkrtj
prgmërgc, sjrë rjnukbc hcvkmjhtj j mkrnkbc ncm sjtk bupak ▹▹ . Tcrtkhtc, umk sgmpajs
ca`kbjak ç tubc c quj prjngsk pkrk bjtjrmghkr sj c tjxtc quj jstë ajhbc jstë bjhtrc bj um kpkrtj j
jstkhbc, jm quka hívja.
Ycnì pcbj kn`kr c tjxtc bjskigkbcr jm kaeuhs auekrjs cu þfvgc jm cutrcs. C quj ç
bjskigkbcr cu þfvgc bjmkgs pkrk nkbk ajgtcr bjpjhbj jm ejrka bk jxpjrgìhngk j jhtjhbgmjhtc
bkqujaj ajgtcr ghbgvgbuka. Ç mgh`k ghtjhåîc huhnk knjajrkr ktrkvçs bjstk jxpcsgåîc bj tka mcbc
quj vcnì hîc pcssk kprjngkr c njhërgc, hjm hcs kiuhbkr rjpjtgtgvkmjhtj hc þfvgc „ jmfcrk bj
vjz jm qukhbc, bjpjhbjhbc bk jxpjrgìhngk, kaeuhs pcsskm tjr k sjhskåîc quj cnksgchkamjhtj
ikåkmcs ks buks ncgsks.
Jmfcrk k aíheuk Gheajsk Kmjrgnkhk sjlk bjngbgbkmjhtj pcfrj jm bjsnrgåújs nchnjgtukgs
hîc-iísgnks, jak tjm k vkhtkejm bj sjr ghusgtkbkmjhtj rgnk, hks bjsnrgåújs scfrj ncmuhgnkåîc j
tjnhcacegk bk ghicrmkåîc. Jstk üatgmk, fjm jstrkh`kmjhtj ç c quj mj pjrmgtj trkhsmgtgr ä
prgmjgrk. Tcr jstrkh`c quj pcssk pkrjnjr ç c kankhnj bk ngìhngk mcbjrhk j bk tjnhcacegk,
jspjngkamjhtj ncmuhgnkåújs j prcnjsskmjhtc bj bkbcs, quj prcvì ks ijrrkmjhtks nchnjgtukgs
hjnjssërgks pkrk prcbuzgr um mcbjac bj rjkagbkbj mkgcr jm quj k ‑mjhtj cngbjhtka” „ cu mkgs
kmpakmjhtj, k ‑ktgtubj cngbjhtka” cu mkgs prjngskmjhtj, c sgstjmk bj nrjhåks cngbjhtka „ pcssk
sj rjakngchkr, jhtjhbjr j trkfka`kr.
Ngìhngk j tjnhcacegk tìm kvkhåkbc kc pchtc chbj suks kpagnkåújs j jhtjhbgmjhtc,
ncmjåkrkm k jspja`kr kaeuhs prcnjsscs iuhbkmjhtkgs bk jxgstìhngk. Hþs bc sçnuac vghtj j um,
kpjhks rjnjhtjmjhtj, kbqugrgmcs cs nchnjgtcs hjnjssërgcs pkrk jhtjhbjr j kprjngkr k hkturjzk bk
rjkagbkbj mkgcr, bjhtrc bc nchtjxtc bj hcssc pchtc bj vgstk cngbjhtka nchtjmpcræhjc.
Khtjrgcrmjhtj, c nch`jngmjhtc j jhtjhbgmjhtc bk Ygsîc Kmpak j bk hcssk jxgstìhngk hjak, jrk
ncmprjjhbgbc j bjsnrgtc pcr khtgecs sëfgcs jm tjrmcs bj mjtëicrks, quj jrkm pjrtghjhtjs k suks
nuaturks j jspjngkamjhtj nrgkbks jm fjhjiíngc bj sju püfagnc jm qujstîc. @clj, vjmcs jssks
bjsnrgåújs khtjs nchsgbjrkbks prëtgnks, ncmc katkmjhtj sgmfþagnks j grrjajvkhtjs pkrk k vgsîc
ngjhtíignk mcbjrhk bk rjkagbkbj. Igacscigk, tjcacegk j ngìhngk sj jhnchtrkm jm bjskncrbc scfrj c
quj ç sgehgignkhtj.
^cu um ngjhtgstk. Jstk trgacegk ç rjsuatkbc bj umk achek j nugbkbcsk jxpacrkåîc
ngjhtíignk, icnkbk hk hkturjzk bk rjkagbkbj j bc ghbgvíbuc. Hcåújs prjnchnjfgbks sjrîc mkgs
cfstënuacngìhngk
muhbc, quj klubk. Ç tkrjik
j jxgstìhngk bj bjstk trgacegk uhgvjrska,
umk mkhjgrk nchstrugr nakrk
aþegnkjjncmpajtkmjhtj, suk nchsngìhngk,
ngjhtíignk quj jxpagquj bj icrmk
ncmprjjhsívja, tcbcs cs bkbcs pjssckgs j prcigssgchkgs quj ncajtcu burkhtj suk vgbk.
Zmk tjcrgk bj Ygsîc Kmpak kfrkhejhtj quj jxpagnk tubc pcbj pkrjnjr katkmjhtj
gmprcvëvja, sjhîc kfscautkmjhtj gmpcssívja, mks hîc ç. Rjh`k ncrkejm< Fck ngìhngk j k
jhejh`csgbkbj ùmkhk tìm irjqujhtjmjhtj jhtrjekbc c gmpcssívja pcr pjac mjhcs buzjhtcs
khcs… igquj kfjrtc „ k `gstþrgk bjmchstrk rjpjtgbkmjhtj quj k kpkrìhngk bj gmpcssgfgagbkbj ç
quksj sjmprj rjsuatkbc bj umk vgsîc agmgtkbk.
Tkngìhngk sjrë hjnjssërgk. Jstk kvjhturk scfrj k mjhtj, ngìhngk j jspírgtc ç ncmpajxk j
ajvkrë um tjmpc sgehgignktgvc pkrk sj rjvjakr. ^j icssj kaec gmjbgktkmjhtj þfvgc, cu lë sjrgk cu
hctíngk vja`k cu vcnì jstkrgk ajhbc um nurtc krtgec bj lcrhka, kc ghvçs bjstk trgacegk. Zmk mjhtj
keuåkbk quj sjlk nçtgnk j kfjrtk ç c ühgnc gherjssc quj vcnì prjngsk tjr pkrk ikzjr jstk lcrhkbk.
Fksjkbc hcs ncmjhtërgcs bkqujajs quj c prjnjbjrkm, jspjrc quj vcnì kn`j jstk vgkejm,
äs prciuhbjzksYcnì
jhrgqujnjbcrk. bk sjrë
nchsngìhngk
gmpjagbc jajmjhtkr
k tjr kaeuhsj pjhskmjhtcs
bk rjkagbkbjerkhbjs
iuhbkmjhtka, pjssckamjhtj
j k pchbjrkr kaeumks
erkhbjs gbjgks, mks ks nchnausújs k quj jvjhtukamjhtj n`jeuj sjrîc ghtjgrkmjhtj suks, hîc
mgh`ks. Jstjs agvrcs hîc icrkm pufagnkbcs pkrk nchvjhnì-ac bj qukaqujr ncgsk, cu pjrsukbg-ac
jm bgrjåîc k um pchtc bj vgstk jm pkrtgnuakr. K nkbk rcbkbk vcnì ç icrtjmjhtj bgssukbgbc bj sj
tcrhkr um nrjhtj. Bkbcs, iktcs j rjsuatkbcs mjhsurëvjgs sîc ks ühgnks mcjbks ncm ks qukgs jssk
trgacegk hjecngk.
Ajr k trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” hîc ç pkrk sjr umk jxpjrgìhngk pkssgvk. ^j vcnì bjngbgr
kekrrkr k cpcrtuhgbkbj bj jsnkakr pkrk icrk bk nkgxk, prcvkvjamjhtj knkfkrë ikzjhbc kaeum
trkfka`c bgiínga. Ycnì sjmprj sjrë jhncrklkbc k pjhskr pcr sg mjsmc j n`jekr äs nchnausújs quj
sjlkm fksjkbks hk suk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka. K bjspjgtc bj tcbks ks ncegtkåújs sçrgks, grjmcs
tkmfçm frghnkr, rgr, j hcs bgvjrtgr um pcunc jhqukhtc kvkhåkmcs.
Mugtc bc quj knrjbgtk -- scfrj sg mjsmc, suk jxgstìhngk j k hkturjzk bk rjkagbkbj -- sjrë
bjskigkbc. ^j vcnì jstë kfjrtc pkrk jxpacrkr umk vgsîc mkgcr, jstjs agvrcs ikrîc vcnì pjhskr j
pjhskr hcvkmjhtj. K mkgcrgk bcs ajgtcrjs hîc nchsgbjrkrë jstk trgacegk ncmc ajgturk iënga „
kpjhks sjeugr cs prcnjsscs aþegncs j sjquìhngks, jhqukhtc jajs kfscrvjm vja`cs pkrkbgemks
jxgegrë jsicråc nchnjhtrkbc. Tcr cutrc akbc, nrjsngmjhtc sgehgignktgvc j kprjhbgzkbc, rkrkmjhtj
sîc iënjgs „ j sj icrjm, rkrkmjhtj tìm sgehgignæhngk.
Nchtrërgc kcs mjus jsicråcs, ks ^jåújs 6, >, 2 j : nchtghukm bj njrtk icrmk
nchnjgtukamjhtj ghtjrbjpjhbjhtjs. Nkbk ^jåîc sjrë mkgs fjm jhtjhbgbk j ikrë mugtc mkgs
sjhtgbc, bjpcgs bj ajr ks cutrks sjåújs. Hîc `kvgk c quj ikzjr. K rjkagbkbj ç umk ncgsk ghtjgrk j
uhgignkbk, ncm nkbk umk bks suks pkrtjs, ghjxcrkvjamjhtj jhtrjakåkbk ncm ks bjmkgs.
Cs trìs agvrcs bk trgacegk j sjgs sjåújs bjsjhvcavjm c nchtjübc nchnjgtuka bk ‑My Fge
RCJ”” bj icrmk kprcxgmkbkmjhtj sjqujhngka. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, ajr cs agvrcs icrk bk crbjm
RCJ
crgeghka ejrk umk jxpjrgìhngk kfkgxc bk gbjka. Hc jhtkhtc, jhtjhbjr ‑My Fge RCJRCJ”” ç mugtc mkgs
bjpjhbjhtj bk ajgturk ghtjgrk bk trgacegk, bc quj scfrj k crbjm pkrtgnuakr jm quj sjrë agbk.
K hkturjzk bk rjkagbkbj j bc ajgtcr típgnc ç tka, quj tjmcs bj hcs jseujgrkr pjak ‑My Fge
RCJ”” k rkzîc bj um nchnjgtc pcr vjz. Grjmcs jxkmghkr k Ygsîc Kmpak bj müatgpaks
RCJ
pjrspjntgvks, pkrk kssjeurkr quj c prcljtc j k jstruturk bc tcbc sj tcrhjm nakrkmjhtj vgsívjgs.
^j ks ncgsks pkrjnjrjm ignkr mjgc bgstkhtjs bj vjz jm qukhbc, keujhtj igrmj ktç quj tubc sj
rjühk jm umk vgsîc ncmpajtk j ncjrjhtj.
Tjak rkzîc kngmk, umk ajgturk ajhtk j nugbkbcsk bkrë mja`cr prcvjgtc k sju ghvjstgmjhtc
„ hîc tjh`k prjssk, pkssjgj pjacs agvrcs k pkssc nkamc j rjakxkbc. ^j ignkr ktcakbc, ç mja`cr
nchtghukr
akmjhtëvja(jpkrk
vcatkr bjpcgs)
vcnì, bc umk
hîc vjr quj ignkr
pkrtj prjsc k ajr quj
bk iacrjstk nkbkpcbj
pkakvrk hk crbjm quj
sjr gmpcrtkhtj, kpkrjnj.
pcrquj ^jrgk
sj pjrbju
jxkustc cu bjsjhncrklkbc, vkekhbc gmprcbutgvkmjhtj jhtrj ks ërvcrjs bj cutrk pkrtj.
Tcr tcbk ‑My Fge RCJ”, usjg umk tçnhgnk bj sjmjkburk pkrk pksskr pcr kaeumks bks
gbjgks mkgs bgiínjgs. Irjqujhtjmjhtj pakhtc sjmjhtjs nchnjgtukgs (quj rkpgbkmjhtj kprjsjhtkm
cu ghtrcbuzjm umk gbjgk) bjhtrc bks sjåújs, nkpítuacs, pëeghks quj prjnjbjm umk bgsnussîc
ncmpajtk j mghungcsk bk gbjgk. Ikåc gstc, pcrquj mugtcs ajgtcrjs kn`krîc cs nchnjgtcs
kprjsjhtkbcs hk ‑My Fge RCJ”
RCJ ” tctkamjhtj bjsnch`jngbcs. K ncmprjjhsîc j jhtjhbgmjhtc bjstk
trgacegk sîc sgehgignkhtjmjhtj mja`crkbcs sj c ajgtcr jstgvjr, pjac mjhcs bj kaeumk mkhjgrk,
prjpkrkbc pkrk ks bgsnussújs nchnjgtukgs prghngpkgs.
[ujstújs pcbjm cnksgchkamjhtj skatkr ä suk mjhtj jhqukhtc vcnì aì. ^jeurj suks
pjreuhtks, cu mja`cr, khctj-ks jhqukhtc nchtghuk. K mkgcrgk sjrë rjspchbgbk bjhtrc bj kaeuhs
pkrëerkics cu pëeghks. ^j vcnì tgvjr pjreuhtks hîc rjspchbgbks, bjpcgs bj ncmpajtkr k ^jåîc :,
jaks pcbjm
Yjrbkbj „ umsjrkssuhtc
uskbksquj
prcbutgvkmjhtj,
ç tcmkbc ncmncmc
prkzjrchkicnc ghgngka
^jåîc 9. hk suk prþprgk fusnk pjak Erkhbj
Rcmj nugbkbc pkrk hîc pjrbjr k Ygsîc Kmpak bj vgstk pcr jstkr bjmksgkbkmjhtj
nchnjhtrkbc hcs bjtka`js. Ç iënga ignkr egrkhbc jm tcrhc bj bjtka`js, quj ktghlkm umk
rjsschæhngk jmctgvk ncm suks nrjhåks. K jstrktçegk vjhnjbcrk kqug ç tjr um vgsaumfrj bk
iacrjstk ghtjgrk j hîc ignkr kreumjhtkhbc scfrj k ncr bc musec, quj nrjsnj jm kaeumks ërvcrjs
jspjníignks. Nchtrcaj sju ghtjrjssj kpkgxchkbc jm ncacrkåîc bj musec cu pcbj pjrbjr pcr
ncmpajtc c quj ç gmpcrtkhtj.
Zmk üatgmk hctk khtjs bj vcnì ncmjnj. Cs quj mj nch`jnjm fjm, luhtkmjhtj ncm
kaeuhs ajgtcrjs ghgngkgs, mj suejrgrkm kajrtë-acs scfrj mju sjhsc bj ùmcr. ^j ajr kaec hjstjs
agvrcs, quj pubjr sjr ghtjrprjtkbc ncmc ùmcr, skrnksmc, nchbjsnjhbìhngk, krrceæhngk, tcagnj,
iutgagbkbj cu tcbks kngmk, ç prcvkvjamjhtj kpjhks ùmcr, cu cnksgchkamjhtj, ùmcr ncm um
tcquj bj skrnksmc. ^j sj sjhtgr ghsjeurc scfrj quîc cijhbgbc bjvjrgk jstkr, suegrc quj pjac
mjhcs tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj, suspjhbk sju luaekmjhtc scfrj k mjhtkagbkbj bc kutcr. Bgssjrkm-mj
quj jvjhtukamjhtj (kc igm bk ^jåîc 2) vcnì jstkrë mkgs ikmgagkrgzkbc ncm mju ùmcr
bgssgmuakbc j jstgac ghicrmka j tkekrjak. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, um luaekmjhtc pcstjrgcr pcbj sjr
mkgs prjngsc.
K khktcmgk jstruturka bk ‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” jstë jxpcstk ncmc um skpc jm umk mjsk bj
bgssjnkåîc hcs pkrëerkics kfkgxc. K mkgcrgk bcs ajgtcrjs vkg kn`kr quj jstk vgsîc ejrka icrhjnj
umk pjrspjntgvk prjstktgvk, scfrj ncmc c agvrc quj jstë ajhbc kecrk, sj jhnkgxk jm tcbk k
trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ”.
RCJ”.
‑My Fge RCJ”
RCJ” ç pakhjlkbc ncmc um nchluhtc bj trìs agvrcs. Ç crekhgzkbc ncmc agvrcs
sjpkrkbcs, pkrk kqujajs quj prjijrjm pknctjs mjhcrjs cu hîc tjm njrtjzk scfrj quîc erkhbj
sjrë k prgmjgrk mcrbgbk quj bjsjlkm bkr j ncmc umk jhnkbjrhkåîc mkgs jnchòmgnk ncm trìs
agvrcs jm um, pkrk kqujajs quj jstîc nchigkhtjs jm qujrjr tubc. Nkbk um bcs agvrcs sjpkrkbcs
nchtçm k mjsmk bjbgnktþrgk, sghcpsj, íhbgnj, kerkbjngmjhtcs, prjiëngc j prþacec, fjm ncmc k
agstk bj knròhgmcs j buks sjåújs bj nchtjübc jxnausgvks. Kpjskr bk humjrkåîc bcs nkpítuacs j
pëeghks rjghgngkr jm nkbk um bcs agvrcs sjpkrkbcs, ks sjgs sjåújs jstîc humjrkbks jm sjquìhngk
pjak trgacegk ghtjgrk pkrk kbgngchkr umk sjhskåîc bj nchtghugbkbj bk jstruturk. [ukhbc cs trìs
agvrcs jstîc uhgbcs jm um ühgnc erkhbj agvrc, k humjrkåîc bks pëeghks j bcs nkpítuacs, fjm
ncmc k humjrkåîc bks sjåújs, ncrrj nchtghukmjhtj, bc ghíngc kc igm.
Agvrc ;< Bjspjrtkr nchtçm ks buks prgmjgrks sjåújs. ^jåîc ; icrhjnj umk fgcerkigk
pkrngka bc kutcr quj ç pjrtghjhtj pkrk c kssuhtc. ûk iuhåîc ç akhåkr auz scfrj ks crgejhs bjstj
trkfka`c ghncmum,
jvjhtukamjhtj prcvjhbc
ajvkrkm um ca`kr
k nrgkåîc scfrj
bj ‑My FgekRCJ”.
jxpjrgìhngk
^jåîcj6nrjbjhngkgs ühgnks bj
jxpúj cs facncs bc nchstruåîc
kutcr, quj
fësgncs hjnjssërgcs pkrk bjsjhvcavjr k iuhbkåîc nchnjgtuka bjstk ‑RCJ”. Mugtcs bcs nchnjgtcs
ghgngkbcs hk ^jåîc 6 sjrîc tctkamjhtj jxpagnkbcs jm sjåújs pcstjrgcrjs.
Agvrc 6< Bjsncfjrtk nchtçm ks buks sjåújs njhtrkgs. ^jåîc > ajvk kbgkhtj k ghicrmkåîc
cftgbk hk ^jåîc 6 j bjsjhvcavj suks gmpagnkåújs jm mkgs bjtka`js j prciuhbgbkbj jhqukhtc
rjakngchk-k mkgs bgrjtkmjhtj ncm k jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka bc ajgtcr. ^jåîc 2 luhtk ks gbjgks bk
^jåîc 6 j >, jhqukhtc bjsjhvcavj cs nchnjgtcs kbgngchkgs jxgegbcs pkrk luhtë-acs jm um tcbc
nchsgstjhtj. Ks ^jåújs 6, > j 2 sîc nugbkbcskmjhtj prcljtkbks pkrk trkfka`kr sjqujhngkamjhtj
luhtks, pkrk prcbuzgr
prcbuzg r c jhtjhbgmjhtc iuhbkmjht
iuhbkmjhtka
ka quj ç hjnjssërgc k nncmprjjhbjr
cmprjjhbjr k ^jåîc :.
Agvrc >< Iuhngchkmjhtcs Ghtjrhcs nchtçm ks üatgmks buks sjåújs. ^jåîc : kprjsjhtk c
mcbjac bk rjkagbkbj nchvjhngchka jm bjtka`js. ^jåîc 9 ç k jmfkakejm, quj ncacnk tubc c quj
icg bgsnutgbc jm umk pjrspjntgvk ikngamjhtj jhtjhbgbk. Kbgngchkamjhtj, k ^jåîc 9 kpchtk k
rjakåîc bj ‑My
nchnjgtuka Fge jhtrj
prþxgmk RCJ”jstk
ncmRCJ
k ngìhngk j igacscigk
j kaeumks nchtjmpcræhjks.
bks hcssks mkgs fjm Bjmchstrkhbc
jstkfjajngbks jumk rjakåîc
rjspjgtkbks
jstrjaks ghtjajntukgs. K ^jåîc 9 scagbkmjhtj ghtjerk k ‑My Fge RCJ” hc pjhskmjhtc ngjhtíignc j
igacsþignc Cngbjhtka.
Jxgstj um auekr hc ngfjrjspkåc _`ttp<//www.My-Fge-RCJ.ncm - k ZVA hîc ç sjhsívja
k mkgüsnuaks, mks cs `gijhs sîc hjnjssërgcs] tcmj um tjmpc pkrk ncmpkrtga`kr suk jxpjrgìhngk,
jxjrngtkr sju ghtjajntc, bkr vcz k suks cpghgújs, bjskfkikr suk kheüstgk, cu kpjhks sj rjuhgr ncm
cs kmgecs vgklkhtjs. Ycnì pcbj jhvgkr j-mkgas tkhtc pkrk c kutcr ncmc pkrk k jbgtcrk pjac
‑wjfsgtj” my-fge-tcj.ncm, kssgm ncmc kbqugrgr tcbcs cs agvrcs bk ‑Fge ‑Fge RCJ”.
RCJ”. Aë vcnì pcbj
mkhtjr-sj ktukagzkbc ncm ks üatgmks ghicrmkåújs scfrj k ‑Fge ‑Fge RCJ”,
RCJ”, jvjhtcs, fktj-pkpc,
ncmjhtërgcs, pjsqugsks j erupcs bj bgsnussîc.
- Rcm Nkmpfjaa
47 bj bjzjmfrc bj 6446
▤▤▤

Trþacec< Zmk Crgjhtkåîc Nchnjgtuka
^jm k pjrspjntgvk kprcprgkbk, umk vgsîc nakrk prcbuz kpjhks bkbcs. K qujstîc kqug ç
bkr kc ajgtcr k cpcrtuhgbkbj bj umk jspgkbk ghgngka, bj erkhbj katgtubj, hk iacrjstk khtjs bj ghgngkr
hcssk trga`k jm suks prciuhbjzks. Hjstj prþacec, bjsnrjvc kchbj vcnì jstkrë ghbc j c quj
bjvjrgk jspjrkr aë.
ncmc n`jekrë rjkagzkr. Ç sjmprj nchnjgtuka
Jstj scfrjvcc ütga, skfjr quka suk bgrjåîc,
ç pakhjlkbc pkrk mjsmc quj ckghbk
mghgmgzkr hîcbjscrgjhtkbcr,
jijgtc ikåk gbjgk bj
quj um tjrrgtþrgc tctkamjhtj bjsnch`jngbc pcbj nkuskr.
Kmfcs, jstruturk j nchtjübc bk suk pjrnjpåîc bk rjkagbkbj sîc bjpjhbjhtjs bk nuaturk.
Ncmc um mchej Fubgstk Rgfjtkhc cu ncmc um iísgnc hcrtj-kmjrgnkhc bjsnrjvjrgkm k rjkagbkbj
ç tîc vkstkmjhtj bgijrjhtj qukhtc ks pkakvrks, jxprjssújs j mjtëicrks quj nkbk um jmprjekrgk.
C quj ikz sjhtgbc j ç þfvgc pkrk um, pkrjnjrgk pjrbgbc j sjm sjhtgbc pkrk cutrc. ^j pubjrmcs gr
kaçm bk hcssk prcpjhsîc nuaturka, tjrjmcs k tjhbìhngk bj pjreuhtkr cu kc mjhcs qujrjr skfjr<
[uka bjsnrgåîc jstë njrtk j quka jstë jrrkbk3 Jaks pkrjnjm nakrkmjhtj ghncmpktívjgs - njrtkmjhtj
hîc pcbjm sjr kmfks prjngsks j ncrrjtks. ^j icrmcs mkgs scigstgnkbcs, pcbjrjmcs pjreuhtkr quka
pcråîc bj nkbk bjsnrgåîc jstë njrtk cu jrrkbk, prcnurkr pcr ërjks bj pcssívja kncrbc j bjighgr
ërjks quj pkrjåkm sjr mutukmjhtj jxnaubjhtjs. Jstk ç umk kfcrbkejm mja`cr, mks ç kghbk mka
bgrjngchkbk.
Hjhùmk bks kfcrbkejhs, jmfcrk k sjeuhbk sjlk mkgs kmpak quj k prgmjgrk, jhnchtrkrë
k vjrbkbj. [uka bjaks jstë njrtk cu jrrkbk, hîc ç k pjr-euhtk njrtk „ jak rjprjsjhtk umk
pjrspjntgvk jstrjgtk j jxnausgvk. [uka kfcrbkejm iuhngchk cu klubk mkgs sju pcssugbcr k ktghegr
sjus cfljtgvcs, qukgs cfljtgvcs sjrgkm mkgs prcbutgvcs j ajvkrgkm kc nrjsngmjhtc j prcerjssc
ghbgvgbuka, j tkmfçm pkrk k ijagngbkbj, sktgsikåîc j utgagbkbj pkrk cs bj-mkgs3 Jstks sîc
pjreuhtks um pcunc mja`crjs pcrquj tìm icnc hcs rjsuatkbcs prëtgncs j hc jijgtc mjhsurëvja,
quj nkbk vgsîc bj muhbc tjrgk qukhbc kpagnkbk pkrk cs ghbgvíbucs „ fjm ncmc hcs jijgtcs
sjnuhbërgcs quj jaks tìm scfrj cs cutrcs. Hc jhtkhtc, kaec gmpcrtkhtj kghbk jstë ikatkhbc.
Ncmc sj bjighj, pjrnjfj cu mjbj k sktgsikåîc, nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka, qukagbkbj bj vgbk j
numprgmjhtc bc prcpþsgtc ghbgvgbuka, quj ç bjrgvkbc bj nkbk vgsîc bj muhbc3 [uka ç c pkbrîc
nchtrk c quka k nchqugstk bjssjs cfljtgvcs ç kvkagkbk3 Kecrk tjmcs um nchluhtc bj qujstújs quj
tìm pctjhngka pkrk hcs ajvkr k umk bjsncfjrtk pjsscka hk fusnk bk vjrbkbj iuhbkmjhtka.
^gehgignæhngk bk ‑Ygsîc Kmpak” j vkacr, sufstgtuírkm k ‑pjqujhk vgsîc” bj njrtc j jrrkbc, ncmc
mjbgbk prghngpka bc quj vkaj k pjhk.
K vjrbkbj iuhbkmjhtka (bj Ygsîc Kmpak cu sgmpajsmjhtj Erkhbj Yjrbkbj), jmfcrk
kfscautk j uhgicrmjmjhtj sgehgignkhtj pkrk tcbcs, bjvj sjr bjsncfjrtk pcr nkbk ghbgvíbuc, bjhtrc
bc nchtjxtc bk suk jxpjrgìhngk. Hjhùmk kfcrbkejm pjsscka pkrk kqujak bjsncfjrtk ç njrtk pkrk
tcbcs. K sgehgignæhngk bk ‑pjqujhk vjrbkbj”, pcr cutrc akbc, ç ngrnuhstkhngka j rjaktgvk kc
cfsjrvkbcr.
K Yjrbkbj jxgstj jm tcbks ks nuaturks. ^þ ç ncmprjjhsívja pkrk um ghbgvíbuc qukhbc ç
jxprjssk hk agheukejm nuaturka (símfcacs, mjtëicrks j nchnjgtcs) bc ghbgvíbuc. Ç ghtjhåîc bk
‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” (Mgh`k Erkhbj Rjcrgk bj Rubc) nkpturkr k vjrbkbj ngjhtíignk j mjtkiísgnk, bj
vërgks nuaturks j müatgpaks bgsngpaghks j kprjsjhtk-aks bjhtrc bj um mcbjac ncjrjhtj j
kutcnchsgstjhtj, quj k mjhtj Cngbjhtka cfljtgvk pcssk ikngamjhtj ncmprjjhbjr. Kighka, umk
‑RCJ R`jcry ci Jvjryt`ghe „ Rjcrgk bj Rubc) bjvj nchtjr j jxpagnkr tubc. Jstk ç umk tkrjik
RCJ”” ((R`jcry
bgiínga. Zmk jRjcrgk
jpgstjmcacegk bj Rubc
ncsmcacegk) bj Ygsîc
fjm ncmc Kmpak
k iísgnk j cutrkscungìhngks,
bjvj ghnaugr mjtkiísgnk
jm um ühgnc mcbjac(chtcacegk,
ghtjerkbc
j sjm jmjhbks bk rjkagbkbj. scfrj gstc tubc quj trktk k ‑My Fge RCJ RCJ”.”. (H.R.< Chtcacegk
sgehgignk ‑jstubc bc sjr”? Jpgstjmcacegk ç k ngìhngk quj trktk bks ajgs ejrkgs quj rjejm c
uhgvjrsc).
Yjrbkbj ç vjrbkbj, mks ncmuhgnkr k vjrbkbj ç cutrc jmprjjhbgmjhtc bgiínga, nkrrjekbc
bj mka-jhtjhbgbcs bj sjhtgbc j ghtjrprjtkåîc. Erkhbj Yjrbkbj, ncmc skfjbcrgk, hîc ç kaec quj
vcnì pcbj jhsghkr cu kprjhbjr bj um agvrc. Bjvj sjr ncmprjjhbgbc pcr ghbgvíbucs bjhtrc bc
nchtjxtc bj suk jxpjrgìhngk. Nkbk um bj hþs vjm ncm um jhtjhbgmjhtc bk rjkagbkbj ktrkvçs bk
ghtjrprjtkåîc bks hcssks jxpjrgìhngks iísgnks j mjhtkgs.
K jxpjrgìhngk bcs cutrcs qukhbc mugtc pcbj icrhjnjr um mcbjac ütga „ umk jstruturk
pkrk c jhtjhbgmjhtc „ umk pjrspjntgvk quj pjrmgtj ncmprjjhbjr j ghtjrprjtkr hcsscs bkbcs bj
jxpjrgìhngk bj umk mkhjgrk quj ikåk um fcm sjhtgbc prëtgnc. Cs mja`crjs prcijsscrjs, hîc
pcbjm ikzjr mkgs bc quj cijrjnjr um jhtjhbgmjhtc nchsgstjhtj j ncjrjhtj bk rjkagbkbj, quj
klubj sjus jstubkhtjs k jhnchtrkr k pjrspjntgvk mkgcr, hjnjssërgk pkrk quj bjsnufrkm pcr sg
prþprgcs k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj. Rka mcbjac scmjhtj sjrë ncrrjtc j kfrkhejhtj, sj bjsnrjvjr ncm
prjngsîc tcbcs cs bkbcs (iísgncs j mjtkiísgncs), tcbks ks vjzjs j scf tcbks ks ngrnuhstæhngks pkrk
tcbcs quj c kpagnkrjm. K utgagbkbj bj um mcbjac, bjpjhbj bc quîc ncrrjtkmjhtj jaj bjsnrjvj cs
bkbcs bk jxpjrgìhngk. Zm fcm mcbjac bjvjrgk sjr prjbgtgvc. Bjvjrgk jxpagnkr c quj ç
nch`jngbc, prcbuzgr um hcvc nch`jngmjhtc ütga j icrhjnjr um jhtjhbgmjhtc mkgs prcbutgvc bc
tcbc.
^j ‑My
nch`jngmjhtc Fge jhtîc
ühgnc, RCJ
RCJ””jstk
ncmuhgnk kaec
jxprjssîc bj sgehgignæhngk
pkrtgnuakr bk hkturjzkpkrk vcnì pcr
sj kbjquk rjssckr
kc sju sjr. ^jncm sju
c bjgxk
ghtcnkbc, tkavjz umk cutrk vgsîc bk rjkagbkbj grë ikakr mkgs jijtgvkmjhtj ncm vcnì. K icrmk quj
sju jhtjhbgmjhtc tcmk hîc ç sgehgignkhtj „ ç c rjsuatkbc quj nchtk! ^j jstë jstgmuakbc pkrk um
nch`jngmjhtc mkgs prcbutgvc, jstë hc nkmgh`c njrtc. K jxprjssîc bk rjkagbkbj quj mkgs
jijtgvkmjhtj jmpurrk sju jhtjhbgmjhtc hk bgrjåîc bc kprjhbgzkbc, nrjsngmjhtc j jm jvcaugr
pkrk umk qukagbkbj bj sjr mkgs jajvkbk ç k njrtk pkrk vcnì. ‑My Fge RCJ RCJ”” hîc ç k ühgnk
jxprjssîc ütga quj k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj pcbj tcmkr. Rcbkvgk, ç um mcbjac sgheuakrmjhtj
ncmprjjhsívja bk rjkagbkbj, quj ikak k agheukejm bk kfcrbkejm khkaítgnk Cngbjhtka. K trgacegk
ghtjerk ncmpajtkmjhtj umk vgsîc bj muhbc sufljtgvk, pjsscka j `caístgnk, ncm k ngìhngk
cfljtgvk. Crgjhtj j Cngbjhtj sj iuhbjm, hîc sgmpajsmjhtj humk mgsturk ncmpktívja cu
rjicråkbk mutukmjhtj, mks ncmc umk scauåîc ühgnk tctkamjhtj ghtjerkbk.
[ukhbc kaeumks pjsscks jsnutkm k pkakvrk ‑mcbjac”, gmkeghkm um mcbjac bj jsnkak „
umk vjrsîc
jsnkak. jm mghgkturk
Zm mcbjac bk ncgsk rjka.
ç um bgspcsgtgvc ‑My Fge
ghtjajntuka quj RCJ
RCJ” ” hîc tjm
cs tjþrgncs uskmhkbk
pkrkkkankhåkr
vjr ncmjhtjhbgmjhtc
mcbjacs bj
nchnrjtc bj um nchnjgtc kfstrktc. ^îc irjqujhtjmjhtj bjsjhvcavgbcs pkrk bjsnrjvjr umk iuhåîc,
ghtjrkåîc cu prcnjssc, bjsnch`jngbcs (kaec quj ignk kaçm bk hcssk jxpjrgìhngk ghbgvgbuka ktuka)
jm tjrmcs bj kaec mkgs ncmprjjhsgvc. C mcbjac jm sg pcbj kssjmja`kr-sj bj pjrtc ä rjkagbkbj
quj bjsnrjvj, cu kpjhks bjsnrjvjr suks jhtrkbks j skíbks. Jm kmfcs cs nkscs, hîc nchiuhbk c
mcbjac bk rjkagbkbj ncm k prþprgk rjkagbkbj . Tcr ikvcr, rjpgtk gstc buks vjzjs khtjs bj
nchtghukr.
^j vcnì tjm suigngjhtj jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtk j um prciuhbc jhtjhbgmjhtc bc quj jstë sjhbc
mcbjakbc, c mcbjac sj tcrhk supçriauc. ^jm jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtk, c mcbjac pjrmgtj um
jhtjhbgmjhtc, quj sjrgk gmpcssívja bj cftjr bj cutrk icrmk. Ncm jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtk agmgtkbk, c
mcbjac pjrmgtj ncacnkr jssk jxpjrgìhngk bjhtrc bc nchtjxtc bk jstruturk aþegnk nchsgstjhtj bc
mjsmc. Tkrk kqujajs ncm jxpjrgìhngk suigngjhtj pkrk ghngtkr k nurgcsgbkbj j icrmuakr qujstújs
prëtgnks, c mcbjac trkz umk ghtjrprjtkåîc sgehgignkhtj j jxpagnkåîc pkrk cs bkbcs (jxpjrgìhngk,
ghicrmkåîc, irkemjhtcs bk vjrbkbj) quj bj cutrk icrmk, pkrjnjrgkm bjsjspjrkbkmjhtj kajktþrgcs
j bjsnchjntkbcs.
C mcbjac bk rjkagbkbj bjsjhvcavgbc bjhtrc bjstk trgacegk pjrmgtj k vcnì jhtjhbjr ks
prcprgjbkbjs j nkrkntjrístgnks bk rjkagbkbj, ncmc ghtjrkej ncm jak, sju cfljtgvc j agmgtjs,
prcnjsscs, iuhåújs j mjnkhgsmcs bjssk rjkagbkbj. Bjsnrjvj c ‑c quì”, c ‑pcrquì” j c ‑ncmc” (k
hkturjzk, prcpþsgtc j rjerks) bk kåîc rjníprcnk j ghtjrkåújs jhtrj sufstæhngk, jhjregk j
nchsngìhngk. Ycnì grë bjsncfrgr k bgstghåîc jhtrj c muhbc iísgnc jxtjrgcr j cfljtgvc, j c muhbc
hîc-iísgnc ghtjrgcr j sufljtgvc, bk mjhtj j bk nchsngìhngk, quj sîc tctkamjhtj bjpjhbjhtjs bc (j
rjaktgvcs kc) cfsjrvkbcr.
‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” bjsnrjvj, ncmc qukaqujr ‑Fge
‑Fge RCJ”
RCJ” bjvj ikzjr, k uhgng-bkbj fësgnk, k
nchtghugbkbj j k nchjxîc bj Rubc C [uj Ç. ^gstjmëtgnk j acegnk-mjhtj bjrgvk k rjakåîc hkturka
jhtrj mjhtj j mktçrgk, iísgnk j mjtkiísgnk, kmcr j mjbc, j bjmchstrk ncmc c tjmpc, c jspkåc j k
nchsngìhngk jstîc ghtjrnc-hjntkbcs „ tubc ncm um míhgmc bj prjssupcstcs. Kbgngchkamjhtj,
bjsnrjvj jm bjtka`js c prcnjssc mkgs gmpcrtkhtj bk hcssk rjkagbkbj „ ncmc j pcr quj jssk
rjkagbkbj iuhngchk. Ykg bjsncfrgr quj cs rjsuatkbcs bk ‑My Fge RCJ”
RCJ” jstîc jm nchschæhngk ncm
cs bkbcs ktukgs „ j quj jak rjscavj umk sçrgj bj prcfajmks pjhbjhtjs bj achek bktk bk ngìhngk,
bk iísgnk j bk mjtkiísgnk.
C mcbjac bj rjkagbkbj bjsjhvcavgbc bjhtrc bk ‑My Fge RCJRCJ”” hîc ç k ühgnk mjtëicrk cu
bjsnrgåîc vëagbk pkrk k hkturjzk bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr. Hîc cfstkhtj, jstj mcbjac ç tkavjz c mkgs
ncmprjjhsívja, pkrk kqujajs
prcnjsscs j mjbgåújs bj hþs kncstumkbcs
bj nkuskagbkbj k jhtjhbjr
cfljtgvk. Zmk k rjkagbkbj
bjighgåîc acnkacujm
mktjrgkagstk tjrmcs bj
ngjhtíignk bk
rjkagbkbj ç äs vjzjs rjijrgbk ncmc ‑Cngbjhtka”, pcrquì k hcåîc bj quj k rjkagbkbj ç nchstruíbk
scfrj umk nkuskagbkbj cfljtgvk ghvgcaëvja, ignk hc njhtrc bc sgstjmk bj nrjhåks nuaturkgs bc
Cngbjhtj.
‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” ç jsnrgtc pkrk sjr jspjngkamjhtj knjssívja pkrk k mjhtkagbkbj j ktgtubj
Cngbjhtkgs. C Cngbjhtj hîc tjm kecrk, hjm huhnk tjvj, um mchcpþagc scfrj k kfcrbkejm
crgjhtkbk k prcnjsscs, mktjrgkagstk j cfljtgvk bk jxgstìhngk j bk rjkagbkbj. Hc Cngbjhtj tjmcs,
tkavjz, pjrsjeugbc k ngìhngk j k tjnhcacegk bj icrmk mkgs pjrsgstjhtj quj cs cutrcs j, sjm büvgbk,
kbgngchkmcs umk ghnaghkåîc sgheuakr pkrk c hcssc tgpc pkrtgnuakr bj mktjrgkagsmc fksjkbc jm
nchsumgbcrjs j mkrnks, mks ks fksjs bkqugac quj n`kmc bj ktgtubj Cngbjhtka, jstîc `clj
ncmpajtkmjhtj gmprjehkbks hc muhbc tcbc j sj jxpkhbghbc jm tcbks ks bgrjåújs.
C jspaìhbgbc sunjssc bk ngìhngk j jhejh`krgk bc sçnuac vghtj, pkrjnj prcvkr k utgagbkbj j
tkmfçm
ûa bc jxktgbîc
pakhjtk, bk vgsîc Cngbjhtka.
jhxjrekm C rjsuatkbc
k rjkagbkbj bj umkç quj mugtcs, sjlk
pjrspjntgvk bc Ajstj,
cfljtgvk Cjstj, Hcrtjquj
j mktjrgkagstk cu
irjqujhtjmjhtj ncjxgstj ncm kaeumk icrmk trkbgngchka bj rjagegîc j bcemk scngka fksjkbcs jm
suk nuaturk.
Kssgm, um jqugaífrgc cu gmpkssj, jhtrj hcssks hjnjssgbkbjs ghtjrhks j jxtjrhks
jvcauírkm pkrk umk vgsîc bj prëtgnk bj muhbc, quj jhncrklk k prcbutgvgbkbj mktjrgka Cngbjhtka.
Zm mktjrgkagsmc prkemëtgnc quj bjpjhbj bk nkuskagbkbj cfljtgvk ç uskbc pkrk ejrkr k kpkrìhngk
bj umk jstkfgagbkbj rkngchka j mkhgpuaëvja pjac akbc bj icrk, jhqukhtc um sgstjmk bj nrjhåks bj
kaeum tgpc prcvì k sjeurkhåk pjsscka hjnjssërgk pjac akbc bj bjhtrc. Tkrk jagmghkr c bjsnchicrtc
bks nchiagtkhtjs vgsújs bj muhbc, cs bcgs ighs bjssk bgnctcmgk nchnjgtuka fgpcakr, sîc jm ejrka
mkhtgbcs sjpkrkbcs j hîc sj mgsturkm cu ghtjerkm jm qukaqujr prciuhbgbkbj sgehgignkhtj. Nkbk
umk bjaks kpcgk k cutrk supjrigngkamjhtj jhqukhtc luhtks, prcbuzjm um trkfka`kbcr ncm c icnc
hk mktjrgkagbkbj, rjspchsëvja, quj autk pkrk nrjsnjr j ncm umk fck çtgnk bj trkfka`c, vkacrjs
nccpjrktgvcs, ghnaghkåîc pkrk k bjpjhbìhngk j umk katk tcajræhngk k bcr.
Ncmc k mjhtkagbkbj Cngbjhtka jstë nrjsnjhbc j sj jspka`khbc rëpgbk-mjhtj, j pcr nkusk
bc jspírgtc ùmkhc ejrkamjhtj murn`kr hk vgbjgrk khtjs bj ncmjåkr k kmkburjnjr jm tka
kmfgjhtj, ç pkrtgnuakrmjhtj gmpcrtkhtj mkrnkr umk trga`k pkrk c jhtjhbgmjhtc bk rjkagbkbj
mkgcr, jm tjrmcs bj agheukejm j mjtëicrks bjstk mjhtkagbkbj. Ju mjsmc, ncmc prcbutc bk
nuaturk hcrtj kmjrgnkhk j ncmc ngjhtgstk, tjh`c mj jsicråkbc jm jakfcrkr um mcbjac bk
rjkagbkbj mkgcr, quj hîc kpjhks pkrjåk rkngchka pkrk k ktgtubj Cngbjhtka cfljtgvk, mks quj
tkmfçm icrhjåk um mcbjac kfrkhejhtj, ncmpajtc j prjngsc, scfrj c quka k ngìhngk Cngbjhtka
pcssk vgr k nchstrugr.
‑My Fge RCJ”
RCJ” prcvì um jhtjhbgmjhtc bk rjkagbkbj quj pcbj sjr uskbc prcvjgtcskmjhtj
pcr kmfcs, ngìhngk j igacscigk „ quj icrhjåk umk pjrspjntgvk crgeghka j ikåk umk nchtrgfugåîc
sgehgignktgvk, pkrk k iísgnk j k mjtkiísgnk j tkmfçm pkrk vërgks cutrks bgsngpaghks knkbìmgnks j
prëtgnks trkbgngchkgs. Hc mcmjhtc quj tjrmghkr k ^jåîc 9, vcnì tjrë sgbc jxpcstc hîc kpjhks k
iísgnk j mjtkiísgnk bj Ygsîc Kmpak, mks tkmfçm k psgncacegk, fgcacegk, jvcauåîc, igacscigk,
ngìhngk bk ncmputkåîc, ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka j igacscigk bk ngìhngk bj Ygsîc Kmpak. @ë ktç
mjsmc ‑um cssc” bj ‑RCJ”‑RCJ” (RCJ tkmfçm sgehgignk bjbîc bc pç jm Gheaìs) pkrk akhåkr kcs
mktjmëtgncs „ jajs vîc jhnchtrkr hcvcs nchnjgtcs scfrj irkntkgs j bjsncfrgr pcrquj k ejcmjtrgk
irkntka, rjprcbuz ncm sunjssc k kpkrìhngk bcs cfljtcs hkturkgs. Bjsncfrgrë pcrquì Kafjrt
Jghstjgh j cutrcs hîc tgvjrkm sunjssc jm bjsjhvcavjr k Rjcrgk bj Nkmpc Zhgignkbk j pcrquì ks
tjhtktgvks ktukgs bj prcbuzgr umk ‑RCJ
‑RCJ”” tìm sgbc irustrkbks bk mjsmk mkhjgrk.
C prcfajmk
prgmkrgkmjhtj quj csbk
pcr nkusk iísgncs
icrmktìm ktukamjhtj
ncmc bjighjmjmjspkåc,
bjsnrjvjr umk cfljtgvgbkbj
tjmpc, rjkagbkbj nchsgstjhtj cncrrj
j nchsngìhngk.
ûks gbjgks ktukgs, bjstjs nchnjgtcs fësgncs nchtçm agmgtkåújs, bjrgvkbks bj nrjhåks nuaturkgs
ghncrrjtks. Ç jstk njeujgrk ghbuzgbk pjak nrjhåk, quj nrgk cs pkrkbcxcs ngjhtíigncs (tkgs ncmc k
bukagbkbj chbk/pkrtínuak j k ncmuhgnkåîc ghstkhtæhjk jhtrj um pkr jhtrjakåkbc). Ncmc Jghstjgh
kpchtcu mkgs bj mjgc sçnuac ktrës, jspkåc j tjmpc, ncmc ghtjrkegmcs ncm jajs j cs
jxpjrgmjhtkmcs, sîc gausújs. Mugtcs bcs mja`crjs ngjhtgstks bcs sçnuacs vghtj j vghtj j um
pjrnjfjrkm jstj iktc, mks hîc skfgkm j hîc skfjm c quj ikzjr scfrj gssc cu ncmc prcssjeugr.
^ju prcfajmk ç bj pjrspjntgvk „ k suk nchnjgtukåîc bj rjkagbkbj ç agmgtkbk bjmkgs (kpjhks umk
vgsîc rjbuzgbk) pkrk nchtjr k rjspcstk.
C nkmpc bj jspkåc-tjmpc bj Kafjrt Jghstjgh (ncmc bjsnrgtc jm suk Rjcrgk bj Nkmpc
Zhgignkbk) kigrmcu um nkmpc hîc-iísgnc, ncmc sjhbc jspjngignkmjhtj k fksj bk mktçrgk j bk
rjkagbkbj ncmc um tcbc, bjssj mcbc mcvjhbc k ngìhngk pkrk mkgs pjrtc bk vjrbkbj, mks jaj hîc
ecstkvk bks prcprgjbkbjs
bc jspkåc-tjmpc) ncmc cbgegtkgs
nkmpcbgsnrjtks
prgmërgcbcbjjspkåc-tjmpc cu bcjpkpja
jhjregk. C kauhc bkbj
ncajek nchsngìhngk
Jghstjgh, c(kcerkhbj
ghvçs
iísgnc quæhtgnc Bkvgb Fc`m (luhtc ncm kaeuhs bcs mja`crjs tjþrgncs bk Mjnæhgnk [uæhtgnk
ghnaughbc Hgjas Fc`r, Ujrhjr @jgsjhfjre j Juejhj Ugehjr) igzjrkm k nchjxîc bk nchsngìhngk,
mks pjrbjrkm k nchjxîc bgegtka j k Ygsîc Kmpak.
C iísgnc nchtjmpcræhjc Jbwkrb Irjbogh j sju mcvgmjhtc bk Iísgnk Bgegtka ikz k
nchjxîc bgegtka (jspkåc j tjmpc qukhtgignkbcs) j jstë ghbc hk bgrjåîc njrtk, ncmc jstkvkm
Jghstjgh, Fc`r j Fc`m, mks kghbk pjrbjm k sþagbk nchjxîc ncm k nchsngìhngk. K Iísgnk Bgegtka,
kghbk hîc bjsncfrgu quj k nchsngìhngk ç c ncmputkbcr. Jm tcbcs, ikatk umk vkacrgzkåîc bk
agmgtkåîc hkturka bk hcssk nkuskagbkbj cfljtgvk iísgnk j umk vgstk ncjrjhtj bk Ygsîc Kmpak, quj
kmkrrj tubc ncmc um nchluhtc. K vcnì sjrë mcstrkbc hîc kpjhks tcbcs cs pjbkåcs bj khtgecs j
hcvcs qujfrk-nkfjåks bk rjkagbkbj, mks vcnì vjrë tkmfçm ncmc sj jhnkgxkm „ igacscigk j
ngìhngk, mjhtj j mktçrgk, hcrmka j pkrkhcrmka „ jm umk Ygsîc Kmpak ühgnk, uhgignkbk j
ncjrjhtj.
Ycnì cuvgrë mkgs bcs nkvka`jgrcs bk ngìhngk ngtkbcs kngmk, fjm ncmc bj mugtcs bcs
mkgcrjs pjhskbcrjs cngbjhtkgs bj tcbcs cs tjmpcs, hk ^jssîc 9, chbj ghtjerc cs nchnjgtcs bk
‑My Fge RCJ”
RCJ” ncm k fksj bj nch`jngmjhtcs bk ngìhngk j igacscigk trkbgngchkgs bc cngbjhtj.
‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” rjprjsjhtk umk turhì ngjhtíignk j aþegnk pjak rjkagbkbj quj, vkg fjm kaçm
bc pchtc chbj Jghstjgh j cs cutrcs ngjhtgstks bjsgstgrkm jm irustrkåîc. Jhqukhtc ks agmgtkåújs
sîc rjmcvgbks bj sju pjhskmjhtc, vjrë nakrkmjhtj k ichtj bk irustrkåîc bjajs, ncmc j pcr quj
ignkrkm trkvkbcs, j k scauåîc quj hîc pubjrkm jhnchtrkr cu jhtjhbjr. [uj jstk sjlk umk
jxpcsgåîc hîc tçnhgnk j bjsprcvgbk bk agheukejm mktjmëtgnk bk hcssk ngìhngk bj vgsîc rjbuzgbk,
hîc ç hk vjrbkbj umk irkqujzk „ mjsmc bj umk pjrspjntgvk jstrgtkmjhtj ngjhtíignk. Ncmc pcbj
sjr3 Jhqukhtc vcnì prcergbj pjak ‑My Fge RCJ RCJ”,”, vkg jhtjhbjr ks agmgtkåújs hkturkgs
iuhbkmjhtkgs j ghjvgtëvjgs bk aþegnk, bk ngìhngk j bk mktjmëtgnk bj vgsîc jstrjgtk.
Mcstrkrjg ncmc k iísgnk ç rjakngchkbk ä (j bjrgvkbk bk) mjtkiísgnk. Kbgngchkamjhtj, vcnì
grë bjsncfrgr quj mjhtj, nchsngìhngk j c pkrkhcrmka grîc ekh`kr umk jxpagnkåîc ngjhtíignk, quj
sj igrmk jm iuhbkåújs tjþrgnks sþagbks. Hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj bk mkhjgrk quj sj jspjrkvk pjak
ngìhngk trkbgngchka „ hc jhtkhtc, ncmc bjsncfrgrë, sjr hîc trkbgngchka ç umk icråk hjnjssërgk j
hîc umk irkqujzk ghjvgtëvja.
K jvcauåîc bc nch`jngmjhtc bjmkhbk quj njbc cu tkrbj, k vjrbkbj bjvk prjvkajnjr j c
quj ç ikasc bjvk sj kutcbjstrugr. Jmfcrk c nchsjhsc bk cpghgîc fksjkbk hk nuaturk pcssk ekh`kr
c bgk, cs rjsuatkbcs mjhsurëvjgs vîc ekh`kr c bgk bjpcgs bjssj. C vkacr j sunjssc bk ‑My Fge
RCJ
RCJ” ” bjvjm
k vjrbkbj sjr mjbgbcs
pcbj prcbuzgr jm tjrmcs bcs
rjsuatkbcs rjsuatkbcs sgehgignkhtjs.
nchsgstjhtjs pjssckgs j cfljtgvcs quj jak prcbuz.
Jm nchtrkstj, Kpjhks
k ikasgbkbj sj
scfrjsskg kc prcbuzgr nrjhåks kssjrtgvks, kreumjhtcs j cpghgújs. Kfrk k suk mjhtj, mkhtjh`k-sj
nçtgnc, fusquj kpjhks rjsuatkbcs mjhsurëvjgs j sgehgignkhtjs j bjgxj quj ‑ks ign`ks nkgkm” chbj
tjh`km bj nkgr.
‑My Fge RCJRCJ”” jstë hk icrmk bj um mcbjac bj rjkagbkbj, jm um hívja quj ç
hjnjsskrgkmjhtj ghncmum, mks iënga bj jhtjhbjr. Icrhjnj umk jxpacrkåîc bks gmpagnkåújs
ngjhtíignks j igacsþignks bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk, um kssuhtc quj tjm sgehgignkbc nrítgnc pkrk
tcbcs hþs.
Tcr nkusk bjssj mktjrgka prjngskr bjsjhvcavjr pkrkbgemks ngjhtíigncs j bk rjkagbkbj
tctkamjhtj hcvcs, jaj rjqujr umk kprjsjhtkåîc jxtjhsgvk, pkrk akhåkr auz scfrj ks agmgtkåújs bcs
pkbrújs bj pjhskmjhtc nuaturkgs `kfgtukgs „ umk mjtk quj hîc pcbj sjr kankhåkbk, kc mjsmc
tjmpc rëpgbk j jijtgvkmjhtj. Rîc prciuhbk khëagsj muatgbgsngpaghk
muatgbgsngpaghkr,
r, ignk mja`cr jm umk trgacegk
bc quj hk jstruturk
C icnc bjstkicrmka nchbjhskbk
trgacegk bj bgrjåîc
ç vcatkbc hk um krtgec
bk ngjhtíignc trkbgngchka.
sgehgignæhngk pctjhngka quj k ‑My Fge RCJ”
nchtçm pkrk nkbk ajgtcr ghbgvgbukamjhtj. Jstjs agvrcs icrkm jsnrgtcs pkrk vcnì „ kn`krë sju tcm
mkgs pjsscka bc quj ejhçrgnc, mkgs um ncmpkrtga`kmjhtc bj jxpjrgìhngks j nchnjgtcs, bc quj k
kprjsjhtkåîc ijgtk pcr um jspjngkagstk. Ç k suk pctjhngka ghtjrkåîc pjsscka ncm jstj mktjrgka quj
bju ghíngc, j tkmfçm eugcu, c sju bjsjhvcavgmjhtc.
Ycnì vkg pjrnjfjr quj umk mjhtj kfjrtk, aþegnk j nçtgnk, ncm kmpak prciuhbgbkbj bj
jxpjrgìhngk, sjrë fjm mkgs ütga quj nch`jngmjhtcs tçnhgncs khtjrgcrjs. Cs bjtka`js bk rjkagbkbj
bj vgsîc jstrjgtk, sîc pcr hkturjzk mugtc tçnhgncs j tjrrgtþrgc jxnausgvc bk ngìhngk j mktjmëtgnk
mcbjrhks. Tcr cutrc akbc, k rjkagbkbj bj Ygsîc Kmpak jstë bgspchívja j knjssívja k qukaqujr um
ncm umk mjhtj kfjrtk j ncm vchtkbj bj kpagnë-ak. Hîc jxgstjm rjqugsgtcs bj jbunkåîc icrmka
cu nrjbjhngkgs tçnhgnks, ä igm bj sj jhtjhbjr c quj ç kprjsjhtkbc kqug.
Jxgstjm trìs bjskigcs prghngpkgs k sjr ktjhbgbcs, ä igm bj sj jhtrjekr umk ‑Fge‑Fge RCJ”
RCJ”
jakfcrkbk pkrk c püfagnc jm ejrka. Trgmjgrc, ncm ks mkheks krrjekåkbks j ks auzjs knjsks, bjvc
trkhsicrmkr umk pkrnjak bk mjtkiísgnk jm iísgnk, pcgs mju ghtjhtc ç bjsnrjvjr k rjkagbkbj pcr
ncmpajtc „ mjhtj j mktçrgk, hcrmka j pkrkhcrmka „ hîc sþ k mktçrgk j k pkrtj hcrmka.
Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, k mjtkiísgnk ç pcr chbj bjvc ncmjåkr „ hcssk iísgnk nchtjmpcræhjk iaugrë
hkturkamjhtj bk mjtkiísgnk. C sjeuhbc bjskigc ç jakfcrkr jstj kssuhtc, ghjvgtkvjamjhtj bgstkhtj,
bj umk mkhjgrk quj sjlk ghtjrjsskhtj j bj iënga ajgturk, quj jheklj ghtjajntukamjhtj j hîc sjlk
kmjkåkbcr. Tkrk jstj igm, usc c icrmktc bj ‑um-pkrk-um”, (pjjr-tc-pjjr „ sjm ghtjrmjbgërgcs),
bj umk bgsnussîc ghicrmka, jhtrj c ajgtcr j ju. C tjrnjgrc bjskigc ç tcrhkr j mkhtjr ‑My Fge
RCJ”” nrívja „ pjrmkhjnjr jstrgtkmjhtj aþegnc, jhqukhtc jstcu jxpagnkhbc bgrjtkmjhtj cs bkbcs
RCJ
bj hcssk jxpjrgìhngk ghbgvgbuka j ncajtgvk.
Cs rjiajxcs bk mjhtj nuaturkamjhtj nchbgngchkbk pcbjm prjngskr sjr rjjxkmghkbcs,
ejhjrkagzkbcs j jxpkhbgbcs. C iktc bj pkrtj bc nchtjübc bjstk trgacegk prcvkvjamjhtj ignkr mugtc
kaçm bk ikmgagkrgbkbj nchicrtëvja bk suk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka, nrgk um prcfajmk bgiínga bj
ncmuhgnkåîc pkrk kmfcs. ‑My Fge RCJ” RCJ” hîc rjqujr quj vcnì kpjhks pjhsj ‑icrk bk nkgxk”, mks
‑icrk bc jstëbgc” (j tkavjz ‑icrk bc uhgvjrsc”) tkmfçm. Ycnì sjrë bjskigkbc k scfrjpulkr æhncrks
nuaturkgs ghstghtgvks prciuhbkmjhtj jhtjrrkbks, k igm bj jsnkakr k mchtkh`k suigngjhtjmjhtj katc
pkrk nchsjeugr umk fck vgstk.
^cmjhtj kecrk, ngìhngk j k tjnhcacegk mcbjrhks icrhjnjm nch`jngmjhtc ncmfghkbc pjac
quka k mjtkiísgnk pcbj sjr jhtjhbgbk. Hîc bjvjrgk sjr tkhtk surprjsk, quj k ngìhngk jm suk
jxpacrkåîc ghnkhsëvja pjac bjsnch`jngbc, n`jekrgk kaeum bgk äs rkízjs bk prþprgk jxgstìhngk.
Ncmc
RCJ” sj vì, k hkturjzk
icrhjnj bk rjkagbkbj
umk bjsnrgåîc tjm,mghungcsk
ngjhtíignk tkhtc ncmpchjhtjs cfljtgvcs
bj umk Rjcrgk bj ncmc
Rubc sufljtgvcs. ‑My
cfljtgvk, quj Fge
ncfrj
tcbcs cs kspjntcs bk rjkagbkbj bj umk mkhjgrk tctkamjhtj ejrka. Jm kbgåîc, icrhjnj
jhtjhbgmjhtc hctkvjamjhtj prëtgnc j pjssckamjhtj sgehgignktgvc bk nchsngìhngk sufljtgvk j
jxpagnk ncmc vcnì jstë ghbgvgbukamjhtj rjakngchkbc, k rjkagbkbj mkgcr. Tkrk kprjngkr j jhtjhbjr
prciuhbkmjhtj k hkturjzk pjsscka cu sufljtgvk bk nchsngìhngk, vcnì bjvj ikzjr nrjsnjr suk
prþprgk ‑Fge RCJ”.
RCJ”. Zm bcs mkgcrjs cfljtgvcs bk ‑My Fge RCJ” ç icrhjnjr k paktkicrmk aþegnk
nchnjgtuka, cs mktjrgkgs, ks ijrrkmjhtks j k bgrjåîc quj prjngsk, pkrk nrgkr suk prþprgk ‑Fge RCJ”
bj icrmk ghbjpjhbjhtj.
‑My Fge RCJ” prcvjrë k iuhbkåîc j jstruturk quj prjngskmcs, pkrk bkr sjhtgbc tkhtc k
suk jxpjrgìhngk cfljtgvk, ncmc sufljtgvk. ^ju Erkhbj Jhtjhbgmjhtc bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj
pkrtgnuakr, bjvj iaugr bk suk jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtk „ hîc kpjhks bc ghtjajntc. Jstk trgacegk uhgrë suk
jxpjrgìhngk cfljtgvk j sufljtgvk, scf um jhtjhbgmjhtc ncjrjhtj bj vcnì ncmc um tcbc.
Tcr ikvcr, jhtjhbk, hîc ncacqujg c ‑My” (Mgh`k) jm ‑My Fge RCJ” pkrk cstjhtkr c
creua`c bk kutcrgk. Hjm c ‑My” ghbgnk ikatk bj ejhjrkagbkbj cu bj kpagnkfgagbkbj pkrk cs cutrcs.
C ‑My” icg ghsjrgbc pkrk sjr um ajmfrjtj nchstkhtj, bj quj jstj mcbjac bj rjkagbkbj hîc pcbj
sjrvgr ncmc sju ‑Fge RCJ” pjsscka, ktç quj sjlk fksjkbc jm suk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka. Tcr cutrc
‑Fge RCJ”
akbc, k jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka cu sufljtgvk ç kpjhks um pjbkåc bcs qujfrk nkfjåks bk rjkagbkbj. Hc
muhbc iísgnc cfljtgvc bk ngìhngk trkbgngchka, ‑My Fge RCJ” jhtrjek um mcbjac kfrkhejhtj bk
rjkagbkbj, quj ncacnk jm nchtjxtc mkgs kmpac k ngìhngk mcbjrhk, bjsnrjvj hcssk rjkagbkbj
cfljtgvk mktjrgka j ç uhgvjrskamjhtj kpagnëvja. K iísgnk nchtjmpcræhjk, mcstrk sjr um nksc
jspjngka bj um nchluhtc mkgs ejrka bj prghnípgcs fësgncs. Kpþs ajr k trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ”,
RCJ”, vkg
jhtjhbjr mja`cr k hkturjzk uhgvjrska (cfljtgvk) j pjsscka (sufljtgvk) bk pjrnjpåîc, bk
nchsngìhngk, bk rjkagbkbj j bks ‑Fge RCJ s”. Ycnì kprjhbjrë k kprjngkr c iktc bj quj k rjkagbkbj
mkgcr sj jstjhbj kaçm bk nkuskagbkbj cfljtgvk, kaçm bc kankhnj bc jsicråc ghtjajntuka, pkrk
bjhtrc bk mjhtj sufljtgvk bj nkbk ghbgvíbuc. ‑My Fge RCJ” ç k paktkicrmk bj akhåkmjhtc.
‑ûk Fge RCJ” ç c bjstghc ighka.
Zmk ‑Fge RCJ” pjsscka ç hjnjssërgk, pcrquì k rjkagbkbj mkgcr kssgm ncmc suk
nchsngìhngk, tjm um ncmpchjhtj sufljtgvc fjm ncmc um ncmpchjhtj ncajtgvc cfljtgvc. K
rjkagbkbj mkgcr hîc pcbj sjr tctkamjhtj kprjngkbk cu jhtjhbgbk, kpjhks jstubkhbc cu ajhbc
scfrj jak. Trjngsk jxpjrgmjhtë-ak. Kbgngchkamjhtj, sju jhtjhbgmjhtc bk Ygsîc Kmpak bjvj sjr
suigngjhtj, pkrk ghtjerkr k jxpjrgìhngk sufljtgvk ncm c nch`jngmjhtc cfljtgvc ncmpkrtga`kbc cu
kmfcs pjrmkhjnjrîc supjrigngkgs. Tkrk c ngjhtgstk trkbgngchka j cutrcs tgpcs khkaítgncs, quj uskm
bjmkgs c akbc jsqujrbc bc nçrjfrc, c quj knkfjg bj bgzjr sck suspjgtc, ncmc um mgstc bj ngìhngk
bj vjrbkbj ncm kfrknkbkfrk bj sjhtgmjhtkagsmc j fcfkejm agekbks k nrjhåks. Hîc ç, mks umk
mjhtj nçtgnk kbjqukbk, tkavjz prjngsj bgejrgr tcbcs cs trìs agvrcs khtjs quj gstc igquj kpkrjhtj.
N`jekr k nchnausújs fksjkbc hk kssumgbk ghikagfgagbkbj j kpkrjhtj vjrbkbj bcs
pkrkbgemks nuaturkgs, pjssckgs j prcigssgchkgs, jmfutgbcs jm bcemks, tcrhkrë bgiínga bj jhtjhbjr
k rjkagbkbj mkgcr. Mubkhåk j hcvks mkhjgrks bj pjhskr sîc ejrkamjhtj trkumëtgnks, bgiínjgs bj
ghtjerkr j mugtks vjzjs ghbjsjlëvjgs. K rjsgstìhngk k mubkhåk ç kutcmëtgnk, jm um hívja mugtc
prciuhbc -- hcs kekrrkmcs kcs mcbcs ikmgagkrjs pjak sjeurkhåk j nchicrtc quj jajs icrhjnjm.
Hîc vjmcs pkbrújs hîc ikmgagkrjs ncm ikngagbkbj. Ycnì bjvj qujrjr scfrjpulkr c mjbc j
ksnjhbjr, scfrj suk njeujgrk bjrgvkbk bk nrjhåk kutcgmpcstk, sj icr pkrk tjr ìxgtc jm bkr umk
fck ca`kbk hk Ygsîc Kmpak.
Hks pëeghks kbgkhtj, jxpacrkrjmcs tjrrks ghtcnkbks bk rjkagbkbj. Jstk trgacegk ç scfrj c
‑ncmc”, c ‑c quj” j c ‑pcrquì” bkqugac quj ç. Ç scfrj iísgnk j mjtkiísgnk, sju muhbc j cutrcs
muhbcs. Ç scfrj ncmjåcs,
bk suk nchsngìhngk pjsscka. ighs, mjhtj j mktçrgk, rkzîc j prcpþsgtc „ ç tkmfçm scfrj k qukagbkbj
C jhtjhbgmjhtc ghtjajntuka bk rjkagbkbj chbj vcnì jxgstj j ç pkrtj, ç sþ c ncmjåc „ um
auekr pkrk ncmjåkr. K kåîc mkgs gmpcrtkhtj, k vjrbkbjgrk bgvjrsîc, ncmjåk bjpcgs quj tgvjr
tjrmghkbc k trgacegk j ncmjåkbc k kpagnkr c quj vcnì kprjhbju scfrj k rjkagbkbj j k Ygsîc
Kmpak, pkrk c rjstc bk suk vgbk „ tkhtc prcigssgchka ncmc pjsscka.
Jmfcrk vcnì vjh`k k kprjhbjr jm frjvj, quj jxgstj mkgs scfrj k rjkagbkbj bc quj tjcrgk
j iktcs, kqug vkg um iktc quj bjvjrgk nchsgbjrkr khtjs bj ncmjåkr< K Erkhbj Yjrbkbj, umk vjz
ncmprjjhbgbk j kssgmgakbk, sjmprj mcbgignk k suk ghtjhåîc j, ghvkrgkvjamjhtj, ajvk k umk
mubkhåk pjsscka.

▤▤▤

Agstk bj Knròhgmcs, ^ímfcacs, Tkakvrks j Irksjs Jstrkhejgrks
Knròh
òhggmc Bjsnrg
nrgåîc
åîc
KZC Zhgngbkbj K Kffscautk ^ ^jjm IrIrchtjgrks

(Kfscautj Zhfcuhbjb Chjhjss)
KZM Muatgpagngbkbj Kfscautk ^jm Irchtjgrks
(Kfscautj Zhfcuhbjb Mkhgicab)
KG Eu y C Nkrk GK (Ghtjageìhngk Krtgigngka)
Fge RC
RCJ J Er Erkhb
khbjj RRjcr
jcrgk
gk bj Rubc
Rubc (RC
(RCJ J - R`R`jcr
jcryy CCii Jvj
Jvjryt
ryt`g
`ghe)
he)
Fg
Fgee T
Tgn
gntu
turj
rj Yg
Ygsî
sîcc KKmp
mpak ak (Fge
(Fgeejejrr T
Tgn
gntu
turjrj „ YYgs
gsîc
îc Mkgs
Mkgs KmKmpa pak)
k)
NK Ncrrjhtj Katjrhkbk
N JC Cigngka JJxxjnutgvc N N``jij (k
(katc aíaíbjr jjmmprjskrgka)
NH ^ ^gstjmk Hjrvcsc Njhtrka
BHK Ëngbc Bj Bjscxgrrgfchunajgnc
JF N Ncmputkbcr Kghbk Mkgcr (Jvjh F Fgge Ncmputjr)
JJE Jajtrcjhnjikaþerkic
IUKZ Zhgbkbj Tjrnjptgvk ncm Agvrj Krfítrgc
(Irjj Ugaa Kwkrjhjss Zhgt)
E^V Vjspcstk Ekavæhgnk bk Tjaj
@z @jrtz (uhgbkbj bj irjquìhngk)
M CE Mjhtj bj Bjus (Mghb ci Ecb)
MR Mjbgtkåîc Rrkhsnjhbjhtka
HTMV Vjkagbkbj H Hîîc I Iíísgnk-Mktjrgka
C C FJ Jxpjrgì
jrgìhhngk Icrk
crk bbcc Nc
Ncrpc (Cut Ci F Fcb
cbyy JJxxpjr
pjrgjgjhhnj)
C^ Hcssc ^gstjmk (Cur ^ystjm)
TMV Vjkag
agbk
bkbbj Ií
Iísg
sgnnk-
k-M
Mktjr jrgk
gkaa (T`
(T`ysgnk
sgnkaa Mkttjr
ttjr Vjka kagt
gtyy)
TZG Ghtjri
tjrikknj Iísgnk
sgnk bj Zsu suëërgc
rgc (T`ys
ysggnknkaa Zsj
sjrr Ghtj
tjrrikn
iknj)
VUU Vjkagbkbj U Uggbj U Ujjf (k
(ksscngkåîc nnccm ww www)
R
RFCN
J C
RjE
crrgkkhbbjj RNucbmcp(uRt`kbjccrry(Rcì jJFvjgeryNt`cgm
hep)utjr)
Cutrcs
n Yjacngbkbj bk Auz „ >44.444 om/s
N+ + Agheukejm nnccmpgakbk bbjj pr prcerkmkåîc bbjj nnccmputkbcr
ñfjr kaajs kngmk bj tubc, scfr scfrjj tcbc c rjs rjstc
tc
Ejbkhojh jxpjrgmjhtc ijgtc ncm c pjhskmjhtc, k mjhtj
Fccts
Fc ctstrk
trkpg
pghe
he Cp
Cpjr jrkåî
kåîcc bj jv jvcaucaugrgr ssuk
uk nnch
chsngsngìhn
ìhngkgk ppcr
cr ssjus
jus prþ
prþprg
prgcs
cs
mjgcs, ‑puxkhbc ks kåks bks prþprgks fctks” cu ‑puxkr-sj
pjacs nkbkråcs”
NbV Vuaj
uaj-sj
-sjt „ Nch chlluhtc
htc-bj
-bj-Vj
-Vjerks rks „ rjstrgstrgååúj
újss pprrcerkm
rkmkbks quj
pjrmgtjm k ejrkåîc bks bgvjrsks ‑rjkagbkbjs” j ‑lcekbcrjs”

Mgh`k Erkhbj
Rjcrgk bj Rubc
AGYVC 6<
B J ^ NCFJVRK
^jåîc >
C ^jr @umkhc Hc Ngrnugtc
Ncmc Hcs Jhnkgxkmcs hk Ygsîc Kmpak
Jec, Ncrpc, Mjhtj j Trcpþsgtc
^jåîc 2
Vjscavjhbc c Mgstçrgc
Mjhtj, Mktçrgk, Jhjregk j Jxpjrgìhngk
`ttp<//www.My-Fge-RCJ.ncm

^jåîc >
...
C ^jr @umkhc Hc Ngrnugtc

Ncmc Hcs Jhnkgxkmcs Hk Ygsîc Kmpak
Jec, Ncrpc, Mjhtj j Trcpþsgtc
...

▤▤▤

; (>:)
Ghtrcbuåîc ä ^jåîc >
KZM jvcaugu c nchstruntc bj nchsngìhngk jspkåc-tjmpc pkrk hcs prcvjr k jxpjrgìhngk
hjnjssërgk
mkh`î3 ^j pkrk klubë-ak gstc
hîc jhtjhbjr k bgmghugr sukjhtjhbjr
kecrk, grë jhtrcpgknakrkmjhtj
ejrka. Hîckhtjs
ç tîcbjnrgstkaghc
ncmpajtkrncmc c crvka`c
c Agvrc 6. bk
Khtjs bj ncmjåkrmcs, pcbj sjr umk fck gbjgk bkr umk kqujngbk ncm kaeuhs kachekmjhtcs
mjhtkgs. Rcbcs rjspgrjm iuhbc. Kí vkmcs hþs. Igqujm ncmgec kecrk. Rjhtjm kaunghkr um
irkhec jsiçrgnc mugtc erkhbj… mkgcr… mkgcr… mkgcr… Ç gssc kí! Kecrk sjeurj jssj
nchnjgtc… sjeurj… sjeurj… Kecrk - jssk ç k pkrtj bgiínga - ighlk quj jhtjhbju…. ç gssc kí!
Ikåk pkrjnjr pjrijgtkmjhtj ncmprjjhsívja, pjrijgtkmjhtj rkzcëvja… ç gssc!
Gssc mjsmc! Kecrk sjeurjm jssk nakrjzk… sjeurjm… sþ mkgs um pcuqugh`c… sjeurjm...
CO!... Vjakxjm… Tigu… Fjm mja`cr. Co, kecrk tjrmghjm ncm cutrk rjspgrkåîc prciuhbk. Gssc
icg ghnrívja! Kn`c quj vcnì jstë tîc prchtc qukhtc nchsjeuj jstkr.
Ikakhbc sçrgc pjsscka, sj hîc jhtjhbjr kaec, hîc kssumk quj bjvk sjr kssgm cu quj hîc pcbj
sjr kssgm - j hîc ighlk sjm nrítgnk, quj jhtjhbj c quj jstë icrk bk suk jxpjrgìhngk. Ajmfrj-sj<
Njtgngsmc bj Mjhtj Kfjrtk ç k crbjm bc bgk. Zsj-c pkrk prjjhn`jr c vkzgc bjgxkbc, kc
suspjhbjr tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj suks nrjhåks. Njrtc, vkmcs vcatkr kc trkfka`c.
Hîc ç quj scmcs sjpkrkbcs bc jspkåc-tjmpc j vgvjmcs bjhtrc bjaj, ncmc vgvjmcs jm umk
nksk, mks hîc scmcs pkrtj bjak. Jxpjrgmjhtkmcs c jspkåc-tjmpc ä mjbgbk quj hcssks mjhtjs
ghtjrprjtkm j prcnjsskm, ks pjrnjpåújs agmgtkbks nca`gbks pjacs hcsscs sjhtgbcs.
Kc nchtrërgc bk nrjhåk pcpuakr, jspkåc-tjmpc hîc ç um nchstrutc iísgnc chbj hþs, sjrjs
iísgncs, vgvjmcs, j sgm c rjsuatkbc bj um nchluhtc-bj-rjerks quj bjighj k rjkagbkbj vgrtuka
jxpjrgjhngka quj pjrnjfjmcs. Tcr nchtk bk hcssk agmgtkbk jxpjrgìhngk fksjkbk jm pjrnjpåîc,
pkrjnj pkrk hþs, quj vgvjmcs cu jxgstgmcs bjhtrc bj um uhgvjrsc bj jspkåc-tjmpc, qukhbc bj
iktc jspkåc-tjmpc, hîc ç hkbk kaçm bks rjstrgåújs quj agmgtkm k jxpjrgìhngk, bj umk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbuka mktrgnuakbk hk TMV ;4; (Vjkagbkbj Iísgnk Mktjrgka ;4;).
^jg quj gstc ç nchiusc, mks kc igm bk ^jåîc 2, vcnì hîc tjrë prcfajmks jm jhtjhbjr, quj k
rjkagbkbj iísgnk quj jxpjrgmjhtk, ç kpjhks umk jxpjrgìhngk quj hcssk nchsngìhngk ghtjrprjtk
ncmc rjkagbkbj iísgnk. ^j suk rjkagbkbj iísgnk sjhtgbk j c quj k suk nchsngìhngk ghtjrprjtk ncmc
rjkagbkbj iísgnk, pkrjnjm c mjsmc pkrk vcnì, ç pcrquj suk nuaturk tj nchvjhnju, quj suk
nchsngìhngk ç bjrgvkbk bc sju ncrpc iísgnc. K jxpjrgìhngk quj hcsscs sjhtgbcs ghtjrprjtkm ncmc
rjkagbkbj iísgnk, ajvk k nchnausîc bj quj k rjkagbkbj iísgnk ç umk rjkagbkbj jxtjrhk, hk quka
hcsscs ncrpcs ghtjrkejm (rjkagbkbj ç bjighgbk pcr hcssks ghtjrkåújs iísgnks ncm jak). Tcr cutrc
akbc, k jxpjrgìhngk quj hcssks nchsngìhngks ghtjrprjtkm ncmc rjkagbkbj iísgnk, ajvkm k nchnausîc
bj quj k rjkagbkbj iísgnk, ç umk rjkagbkbj ghtjrhk, nrgkbk pjak pjrnjpåîc bk nchsngìhngk - umk
jxgstìhngk iísgnk vgrtuka quj ç bjighgbk pjaks ghtjrkåújs bj hcssks mjhtjs ncm c NbV (nchluhtc-
bj-rjerks) jspkåc-tjmpc. K prgmjgrk ksscngk k pjrnjpåîc bgrjtkmjhtj kc ncrpc, jhqukhtc k
sjeuhbk ksscngk k pjrnjpåîc bgrjtkmjhtj k nchsngìhngk, j kpjhks ghbgrjtkmjhtj k um ncrpc
vgrtuka, rjstrghegbc k pjrnjfjr umk rjkagbkbj acnka, bjighgbk pcr bjtjrmghkbc NbV. Zmk mjhtj
ghbgvgbuka (umk uhgbkbj ghbgvgbukbk bj nchsngìhngk), jhvcavgbk jm umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka
ghtjrktgvk bj müatgpacs lcekbcrjs, bjvj jxpjrgmjhtkr, kegr j ghtjrkegr, bjhtrc bcs agmgtjs
prjsnrgtcs
nchsgstjhtjpjacs NbVigbjagbkbj,
bj katk nkuskgs, quj bjighjm
bjvj sjeugrkqujak rjkagbkbj
um NbV pkrtgnuakr.
jspjníignc [ukaqujr
j pkrjnjrë sjrrjkagbkbj vgrtuka
iísgnk, pkrk cs
ghbgvíbucs quj k jxpjrgmjhtkm.
Nakrjzk bjvjrë jmjregr hk ^jåîc 2, ä mjbgbk quj ncmjnj k jhtjhbjr quj, k ichtj bjighgtgvk
bj suk jxpjrgìhngk, hîc ç c quj vcnì pjrnjfj ncmc rjkagbkbj iísgnk acnka. ûk rjkagbkbj iísgnk, ç
umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka ghtjrprjtkbk, quj kpjhks kpkrjhtk sjr iísgnk. Rjh`k pkngìhngk, j vjrë, quj
jssj nchnjgtc sck ngjhtíignc j aþegnc.
Nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk bjhtrc bk KZM ç um rubj khëacec, k um ajhåca fgbgmjhsgchka, hc
quka kaeumks nrgkhåks jhigkrkm suks mîcs pcr fkgxc, jhrcakhbc puh`cs j khtjfrkåcs, pkrk ikzjr
mkrgchjtjs bj mîc ghbgvgbukgs. Nkbk fchjnc ç umk ncgsk-ghbgvíbuc khgmkbk, j pcbj ghtjrkegr
ncm cutrcs fchjncs (kc kekrrë-acs tkavjz). Kghbk ncm k ghbgvgbukagbkbj bj tcbcs jajs (ecrbc,
mkerc, fkgxc, katc, kerjssgvc cu nkamc), nkbk fchjnc bj mîc ç pkrtj bc mjsmc ajhåca, jxgstghbc
kpjhks ncmc um rjsskatc hc ajhåca, jm rjakåîc k umk pkrtj mkgs agsk, uhgicrmj, bjaj. Ks
mkrgchjtjs jxgstjm ncm vkrgkåújs trgbgmjhsgchkgs jm um ajhåca fgbgmjhsgchka. Rcbks sîc pkrtj
bc mjsmc ajhåca, mks jxgstjm ncmc umk jxtjhsîc ghbgvgbuka, bc ajhåca fgbgmjhsgchka, bjhtrc
bk tjrnjgrk bgmjhsîc.
Nkfj rjsskatkr quj ks jxtjhsújs bjhtrc bk tjrnjgrk bgmjhsîc bjvjm sjr mkhtgbks pcr
rjstrgåújs. Gmkeghj um jaëstgnc quj pkssk pcr ngmk bc fchjnc, kc rjbcr bc puh`c nrgkhåk.
Vjmcvk k rjstrgåîc, j k skagìhngk hk tjrnjgrk bgmjhsîc, bjskpkrjnj rkpgbkmjhtj. C ajhåca,
mkhtçm suk jxgstìhngk hkturka bj buks bgmjhsújs, ktç quj kaeumk icrmk bj rjstrgåîc, c icrnj k
ghn`kr ktç k tjrnjgrk bgmjhsîc
Bk mjsmk
pjssckgs, scmcsicrmk,
tcbcs,hþs sjrjs
pkrtj bk iísgncs
mjsmkbk TMV, nkbkbkquka
nchsngìhngk KZM.ncm^cmcs
hcssksghbgvíbucs,
nchsngìhngks
mksghbgvgbukbks
kc mjsmc
tjmpc,, scmcs tcbcs um ncm k KZM, k nchsngìhngk ichtj iuhbkmjhtka. Hcssk jxgstìhngk
tjmpc
ghbgvgbuka, ncmc ks mkrgchjtjs, ç c rjsuatkbc bj rjstrgåújs bjighghbc umk vkrgkåîc bgmjhsgchka
hk nchsngìhngk, quj ghbgvgbukagzk umk jhtgbkbj ühgnk ncm agvrj krfítrgc. Jspkåc-tjmpc ç c mjgc
vgrtuka, pjac quka ks rjerks bc jhvcavgmjhtc (rjstrgåújs quj bjighjm hcssk jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrktgvk
ncm cs cutrcs ‑lcekbcrjs”) sîc kpagnkbks. Lcekbcrjs sîc bjighgbcs ncmc qukaqujr ncgsk (sjrjs,
cfljtcs cu jhjregk) quj pcssk sj tcrhkr ghtjrktgvk nchcsnc.
Tcbjrgk umk gbjgk (ncgsk-pjhskmjhtc) sj mkhgijstkr ktrkvçs bj (ikzjr hksnjr) umk cutrk3
Ncm njrtjzk. Tcr quj hîc3 Hc muhbc bj jhjregk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka bk KZM, pjhskmjhtcs
(pknctjs bgsnrjtcs bj nchtjübc crekhgzkbc) sîc ncgsks rjkgs - k ühgnk ncgsk rjka - j k KZM pcbj
nrgkr (ikzjr hksnjr, pjhskr cu crekhgzkr) qukhtks qugsjr. Jhnkrj um pjhskmjhtc bjhtrc bk KZM
ncmc um cfljtc rjutgagzëvja, um pjbkåc bj nchtjübc igxc cu vkrgëvja ncm njrtcs ktrgfutcs,
nkrkntjrístgnks j `kfgagbkbjs, quj pcbjm sjr krmkzjhkbcs, trkhsmgtgbcs cu utgagzkbcs ncmc um
cpjrkbcr. Cs prcerkmkbcrjs crgjhtkbcs k cfljtc jhtrj hþs, grîc nkptkr k gbjgk ncm ikngagbkbj,
jhqukhtc cs bjmkgs bjvjrgkm pjhskr scfrj k jxgstìhngk bgegtka pjrsgstjhtj, nchsgstjhtj j
numuaktgvk bj vërgcs pjrschkejhs, gtjhs j bgspcsgtgvcs, jm lcecs bj ncmputkbcr ghtjrktgvcs ch-
aghj. Kecrk, gmkeghj quj kaeumks bjssks icrmks-pjhskmjhtc-cfljtc-bj-lcec tjh`km
ncmpajxgbkbj, mjmþrgk j knjssc, k pcbjr bj prcnjsskmjhtc suigngjhtj pkrk sjrjm kejhtjs
ghbjpjhbjhtjs, kutc mcbgignëvjgs quj fusnkm numprgr cfljtgvcs. Bjgxj suk gmkeghkåîc ncrrjr
scatk, ktç pcbjr gmkeghkr nrgkåújs bgegtkgs bj tcbcs cs tgpcs - tcbks ks icrmks pjhskmjhtc, bjhtrc
bj umk nchsngìhngk bgegtka.
Ajmfrj-sj bj quj tubc, hc iuhbc, ç pkrtj bk mjsmk ncgsk-bgegtka-KZM-ajhåca-mjhtka. ^j
kncmpkh`cu cs bcgs üatgmcs pkrëerkics, knkfcu ncm um nchnjgtc, bj quj scmcs irkemjhtcs,
bjrgvkbcs, cu sufnchluhtcs bj nchsngìhngk KZM, jxgstghbc ghbgvgbukamjhtj hk KZM.
C` brcek (C` s`jjt)! Gstc ç nchiusc! _ Kqug vkg sju prgmjgrc tjstj< K irksj khtjrgcr icg< (k) -
umk crkåîc pkrk k KZM, pjbghbc crgjhtkåîc j kaívgc? (f) - umk jxprjssîc ajvjmjhtj ercssjgrk
bj irustrkåîc, hksngbk bj um pchtc bj vgstk agmgtkbc? (n) - umk tjhtktgvk bj ùmcr bgehk bj pjhk?
(b) - mkgs umk bks irksjs sjm sjhtgbc, ghbgstgheuívja bj tcbks ks cutrks? cu (j) - tcbks ks
khtjrgcrjs3 ].
Hk ^jåîc 2, bkrjg umk jxpagnkåîc bjtka`kbk bj ncmc bjrgvkmcs, pjrnjfjmcs j
jxpjrgmjhtkmcs hcsscs ncrpcs >B, fjm ncmc tcbc hcssc uhgvjrsc jspkåc-tjmpc. Hþs, hcssc
uhgvjrsc j cutrcs uhgvjrscs jm cutrks bgmjhsújs, scmcs tcbcs pkrtjs-pjhskmjhtc
jspjngkagzkbks, cu sufnchluhtcs bk KZM. Gssc ç vjrbkbj pkrk sjrjs j uhgvjrscs, iísgncs j hîc
iísgncs. Khtjs bj nkgrmcs humk bgsnussîc scfrj ncmc, pcr quj j chbj hþs jhqukhtc ghbgvíbucs
hcs jhnkgxkmcs hjssj Rcbc, vkmcs rkpgbkmjhtj luhtkr j nchscagbkr c quj skfjmcs scfrj KZC,
KZM j cs rjsuatkbcs bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka.
^kfjmcs quj KZM ç c rjsuatkbc bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc, sjhbc kpagnkbc k
umk irknkmjhtj pjrnjptgvk j uhgnjauakr, nchsngìhngk-pctjhngka ncgsk-jhjregk prgmka KZC
(Zhgngbkbj Kfscautk ^jm Irchtjgrks). Rkmfçm skfjmcs, quj k ncmpajxgbkbj j pjrnjpåîc bk
KZM nchtghukm k knjajrkr brkstgnkmjhtj, ktç n`jekr k umk tkxk bj nrjsngmjhtc mçbgk
rjaktgvkmjhtj jstëvja, chbj ks qujstújs bj qukagbkbj j rjighkmjhtc, ncmjåkm k kfscrvjr mkgs
jhjregk bgspchívja, bc quj hcvcs kvkhåcs krrclkbcs jm pcssgfgagbkbjs bjsnch`jngbks j hîc
tjhtkbks. K pkrtgr bjssj pchtc, k qukagbkbj ghtjrhk ç mja`crkbk j ekh`cs sîc rjighkbcs,
ghtjerkbcs j nchscagbkbcs, ktç c prþxgmc kvkhåc jvcautgvc cncrrk, ghgngkhbc um cutrc pjrícbc bj
rëpgbc nrjsngmjhtc.
Jvjhtukamjhtj,
bjighgåîc ks tkxks
bj mkturgbkbj), mksbjhîc
nrjsngmjhtc
tìm bj gr kbjzjrc.
um sgstjmk ighgtcqukhtc
Ejrkamjhtj, bjvjmmkgcr
bjnrjsnjr (k prþprgk
c sgstjmk, mkgs
tjmpc bjmcrk khtjs quj ks tkxks bj nrjsngmjhtc sj tcrhkrjm kssghtþtgnks jm rjakåîc kc jgxc bc
tjmpc. Zmk ncgsk-jhjregk-nchsngìhngk kpkrjhtjmjhtj ghighgtk, nchstgtug um sgstjmk ighgtc
jxnjssgvkmjhtj erkhbj, ncm cpcrtuhgbkbjs ghgmkeghëvjgs pkrk nrjsngmjhtc knjajrkbc. Hjm tjhtj
gmkeghkr k akreurk, prciuhbgbkbj j nkpkngbkbj bk KZM - vcnì hîc pcbj.
^gstjmks bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka, hîc sj bjtjrgcrkm ncm c tjmpc, ncmc sgstjmk fgcaþegncs,
jmfcrk pcsskm ghvcaugr - cu sjlk, jvcaugr pkrk jstkbcs bj jhtrcpgk mkgcr, mjhcs sgehgignktgvcs,
prcbutgvcs j vgëvjgs. KZM kankhåk kutc-crekhgzkåîc j nrjsngmjhtc ktrkvçs bk jxpacrkåîc bj
pcssgfgagbkbjs, pjak gmpajmjhtkåîc bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka. Jak pcbj jvjhtukamjhtj
bjsncfrgr, ncmc gmpuasgchkr suk qukagbkbj ghtjhngchkamjhtj (rjbuzgr suk jhtrcpgk, kc utgagzkr sju
pctjhngka j crekhgzkr sjus fgts mkgs jigngjhtjmjhtj), umk vjz quj pjrnjfk quj kqujak mja`crgk, ç
iuhåîc bk ghtjhåîc quj bgrgej suks jsnca`ks. Cncrrj c mjsmc nchcsnc.
[ukhbc vcnì aì ‑KZM kprjhbj”, hîc usj k bjighgåîc bj vgsîc pjqujhk bj kprjhbgzkbc
(kprjhbgzkbc ghtjajntuka). Kprjhbjr, ç mkgs bc quj knumuakr iktcs bj suk jxpjrgìhngk, bj cutrks
pjsscks cu agvrcs. Kprjhbgzkbc bj Ygsîc Kmpak, bjvj tkmfçm ghnaugr k mja`crk bk qukagbkbj bc
sju sjr, c quj hîc ç um prcnjssc fksjkbc jm iktcs. Ycnì lë nch`jnju kaeumk pjssck
jxnjpngchkamjhtj jspjrtk (nch`jnj mugtcs iktcs ütjgs) quj tkmfçm ç (jsnca`k um cu mkgs bk
agstk k sjeugr) furrk, ghsjhsívja, jecnìhtrgnk, krrcekhtj cu fkfknk, bj vjz jm qukhbc cu jm
tjmpc ghtjerka3 ^j vcnì tjm k scrtj jstjakr bj khbkr pjacs skaújs skerkbcs bj umk knkbjmgk,
ncm cs katcs jsnkaújs bc ecvjrhc cu bk ejstîc ncrpcrktgvk, cu ncm um puh`kbc bj prcigssgchkgs
bj mjgk gbkbj katkmjhtj kmfgngcscs, vcnì nch`jnj jxktkmjhtj c tgpc kc quka mj rjigrc. Rka
pjssck, pkrjnj mkgs rjtkrbkbk bc quj kvkhåkbk, hk pjrspjntgvk bj umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, chbj k
`kfgagbkbj bj bjsjhvcavjr j mkhtjr rjakngchkmjhtcs pcsgtgvcs j jijtgvcs, ncm umk erkhbj
vkrgjbkbj bj pjsscks, ç mkgs sgehgignkhtj bc quj k `kfgagbkbj bj mkhgpuakr cs iktcs.
Nakrkmjhtj, nrjsnjr bjhtrc bj umk rjkagbkbj mkgcr, tjm mugtc mkgs k vjr ncm jajvkr k
qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk, bc quj knumuakr ghicrmkåîc. C quj mkgs gmpcrtk ç c
bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj skfjbcrgk, jhtjhbgmjhtc j k nkpkngbkbj pkrk kmkr - quj hîc sîc nchqugstks
prgmkrgkmjhtj ghtjajntukgs. Nchicrmj nrjsnj, vcnì kprjhbj k sghtjtgzkr cs bkbcs bj suk
jxpjrgìhngk bjhtrc bj pjrspjntgvks nkbk vjz mkgcrjs, ktç jvjhtukamjhtj, tubc sjr vgstc ncmc
ghtjrktgvc, ghtjr-rjakngchkbc, j pkrtj bj tubc c mkgs. (C kmcr kc quka mj rjigrc kqug ç umk
ktgtubj, um vkacr, umk icrmk bj ghtjrkegr j sjr, sjm prjngskr bj um cfljtc jspjníignc hc quka sj
icnkr).
Iktcs j nch`jngmjhtc ghtjajntuka pcbjm klubkr k kpchtkr k bgrjåîc ncrrjtk j k tkavjz tktjkr ks
fcrbks bj ncmc nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj, mks pkrk rjkamjhtj ‑ncmprjjhbjr”, hjnjssgtk gr kaçm bk
khëagsj rkngchka nkuska bk TMV. Khëagsjs ika`km, pcrquj vcnì huhnk nchsjeuj nca`jr mkgs quj
umk pjqujhk pkrtj bcs iktcs rjajvkhtjs, hjnjssërgcs pkrk umk nchnausîc aþegnk j rkngchka,
qukhbc agbk ncm qujstújs bk Ygsîc Kmpak - j pcrquj kmcr, hîc ç um rjsuatkbc ghtjajntuka.
Kmcr ç c rjsuatkbc bj umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk.
KZC icg bjsnrgtk khtjrgcrmjhtj ncmc tubc (k ichtj ühgnk) j hkbk (hîc kaeumk ncgsk
ghbgvgbukbk, hk vjrbkbj) sgmuatkhjkmjhtj. KZC ncmjåcu suk jxgstìhngk ncmc um sgstjmk bj
jhjregk pctjhngka hîc jstruturkbk, khëacek k umk ühgnk nçauak fgcaþegnk, iautukhbc hk ‑akmk
prgmcrbgka”. KZM ç umk nchsngìhngk ktgvk, kvkhåkbk, pjrnjptgvk j ncm prcpþsgtc. [uj
trkhsicrmkåîc ghnrívja! Ycnì pcbj kerkbjnjr kc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc,
jspjngkamjhtj hc quj sj kpagnk k nchsngìhngk, pcr jstk mjtkmcricsj. Nchicrmj k nchsngìhngk
bjsjhvcavj pjrnjpåîc, ghtjageìhngk, vkacrjs j pjrschkagbkbj, suk jhtrcpgk jhnca`j jhqukhtc suk
`kfgagbkbj bj sj kutc-crekhgzkr
KZC rjprjsjhtk k fksj pkrkjijtgvk j aunrktgvkmjhtj,
k nchsngìhngk, kumjhtk.
umk icrmk bj jhjregk, um mjgc pkrk k kutc-
crekhgzkåîc bgegtka cu pjrnjpåîc. KZC ç umk mjtëicrk pkrk umk irknk nchsngìhngk prgmcrbgka,
quj jvcaugu k nkpkngbkbj bj nrgkr nçauaks bgijrjhngkbks (hîc-uhgicrmgbkbjs acnkgs), rjaktgvks k
suk uhgicrmgbkbj. Jm sjeugbk, bjsncfrgu sjr aunrktgvc mubkr c jstkbc bj tkgs nçauaks ä mjbgbk
quj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka ncmjåcu k ctgmgzkr ks ghtjrkåújs hc kmfgjhtj ghtjrhc. Nchicrmj
ncmpajxgbkbj, pctjhngkagbkbj j pcssgfgagbkbjs nrjsngkm, k nchsngìh-ngk bk KZC jvcaugu pkrk
ghnaugr jstruturk jspjngkagzkbk, mjmþrgk, crekhgzkåîc, ncmuhgnkåîc bj nchtjübc ncmpajxc jhtrj
sufsgstjmks, kutcnchsngìhngk frga`khtj j prcpþsgtc. KZC hkturkamjhtj jvcaug (nrjsnj) pkrk sj
tcrhkr KZM.
▼ Ygsukagzj k KZM, ncmc um hjrb kbcajsnjhtj vgngkbc jm ncmputkbcr j `gegjhj

buvgbcsk, ncm ijgks jspgh`ks puruajhtks n`kmkbks TMVs. Ycnì kn`k quj hcssc uhgvjrsc,
pcbj sjr umk ghijnåîc pkrtgnuakrmjhtj hcljhtk, hc hkrgz bj umk nchsngìhngk hk pufjrbkbj3
Kpcstc quj huhnk khtjs pjhscu jm hcssk rjkagbkbj hjstjs tjrmcs. Zmk jrupåîc místgnk, hks
hkrghks bk KZM! [uj fchgtk gmkejm! Turk pcjsgk! Nakrc, jstcu kpjhks frghnkhbc…
sjeurkmjhtj, hîc jstkríkmcs hc hkrgz bk KZM.
Ikakhbc jm sjr ‑jsprjmgbc”, c quj k ‑Rjcrgk Jspgh`kr bk Jxgstìhngk”, cu ncmc ç mkgs
nkrgh`cskmjhtj nch`jngbk pjacs ncsmcacegstks j ncsmjtcacegks, ncmc c ‑Nchnjgtc bj
Vjkagbkbj ^cmcsTus” (lcec bj pkakvrks ncm k ikmcsk aclk bj frghqujbcs Rcys‗V‗us) ikz
pcr sju sjhsc jeþgnc, bk gmpcrtæhngk jspjngka bk ùmkhgbkbj3 K``` `ë! Bjpcgs bj tcbk
kqujak acrctk pcagbk scfrj paknks bj Tjtrg, k nchjxîc mgstjrgcsk, jhtrj k ùmkhgbkbj j ks
fkntçrgks vjm ä tchk.
Zmk pkakvrk bj kvgsc< jstj agvrc ç pjskbc, jhtîc tjh`k nugbkbc kc krrjmjssë-ac. Ycnì
pcbj ktghegr ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj um jspjntkbcr ghcnjhtj hk nkfjåk „ jstrkekhbc sju nræhgc j
suk mjhtj kc mjsmc tjmpc.
Vjspgrk iuhbc j bjgxj sjeugr? hîc `ë skavkåîc nchtrk ùmcr ghnuatc bj mku ecstc -
hjssjs bgks um agvrc jacqujhtj ç tîc rkrc qukhbc um jspjntkbcr vjrbkbjgrkmjhtj ghcnjhtj.
◂
K jvcauåîc bj umk nchsngìhngk ncmpajxk j frga`khtj k pkrtgr bj umk nchsngìhngk irknk - gssc
pkrjnj gmprcvëvja3 Icg rjaktkbc quj hþs, icrmks bj vgbk ùmkhks fksjkbks jm nkrfchc, igzjmcs
kaec pkrjngbc - bj umk fca`k bj prctcpaksmk njauakr vkekmjhtj nchsngjhtj ktç hcssk icrmk ktuka
erkhbj j jajekhtj (jsqujng bj mjhngchkr mkehæhgmk, frga`khtj j supjrgcr3). J jstkmcs ktrkskbcs
jm >9 crbjhs bj erkhbjzk ncmpkrkbcs k KZC-KZM.
Ycnì, ncmc pkrtj bk KZM, ç sgmpajsmjhtj umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk. ^jg quj gstc pcbj
pkrjnjr jstrkh`c, mks tcrhkr jstk kigrmkåîc rkzcëvja j jxpagnkr ncmc iuhngchk, ç jxktkmjhtj bc
quj trktkm ks ^jåújs 2 j :. KZM ç nchsngìhngk, pjhskmjhtc, nch`jngmjhtc cpjrkngchka, gbjgk j
pjrnjpåîc. Nchsngìhngk rjprjsjhtk k icrmk mkgs fësgnk bj jhjregk - umk míbgk bgegtka kutc-
rjakngchka quj pcbj sjr jstruturkbk ktrkvçs bj um prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc bj rjbuzgr suk jhtrcpgk
mçbgk. Ycnì ç umk pcråîc, umk pkrtínuak ghighgtjsgmka bk ncgsk-nchsngìhngk-KZM j, ncmc tka,
ncmpkrtga`k cs ktrgfutcs j `kfgagbkbjs bj tcbk nchsngìhngk. Tcr nchtk bk nkpkngbkbj bj suk
nchsngìhngk pkrtgnuakr - sju pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc pjsscka - sjr erkhbj, suk rjspchskfgagbkbj
pcr sju bjsjhvcavgmjhtc j usc, tkmfçm ç.
KZM, ncmc qukaqujr sgstjmk ncmpajxc, jvcaugu tkhtc ncmpchjhtjs jstruturkgs ncmc
bghæmgncs. ^jus ncmpchjhtjs jstruturkgs sîc cfljtgvcs, vkacrjs, bgmjhsújs (jspkåcs bj nëanuac
jspjngkagzkbcs), mjmþrgk
mctgvkåîc, ghtjajntc j pkbrújs
j vchtkbj. (rjerks). ^jus
Nchsngìhngk ncmpchjhtjs
fksjkbk jm vkacr,bghæmgncs sîc tjmpc,
ghtjageìhngk ghtjhåîc,
j prcpþsgtc sîc
nrgkbcs, mkhtgbcs, bgrgegbcs khgmkbcs j mctgvkbcs, pjac gmpjrktgvc jvcaungchërgc bj mja`crkr k
iuhngchkagbkbj bc sgstjmk, ktrkvçs bj umk mja`cr crekhgzkåîc (rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk).
C gmpjrktgvc pkrk gmpajmjhtkr c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka ç c prghngpka mctcr bc prcerjssc.
KZM ç nchsngìhngk (kc nchtrërgc bj tjm nchsngìhngk) j jvjhtukamjhtj kej, mubk bj jstkbc j
jvcaug, ktrkvçs bc jxjrníngc bk vchtkbj cu ghtjhåîc - nchsngìhngk kutcpjrnjptgvk jm nchtrcaj
bjak mjsmk. ^j vcnì rjkamjhtj qugsjr (pcr rkzújs pcçtgnks) cu rjkamjhtj prjngskr (pkrk nchicrtc
jmcngchka), pcbj bgzjr quj tcbks ks ncgsks (hcssc uhgvjrsc, tcbks ks TMVs, HTMVs j sjrjs quj
jxgstjm hjaks) sîc mkhgijstkåújs bk vchtkbj bk KZM j sîc ijgtcs bk sufstæhngk bk KZM
(crekhgzkåîc bgegtka kutcnchigeurëvja). Ycnì pcbjrgk bgzjr tkmfçm quj hþs, pjsscks njrjfrkgs,
ncm mjhtjs n`jgks bj pjhskmjhtcs j gbjgks, tctkamjhtj crgeghkgs j cpjrkngchkgs, scmcs nrgkbcs k
gmkejm bk KZM (luhtc k umk ncajåîc bj nîjs, ektcs, rkpcsks, pcrncs, mknkncs j
ncmputkbcrjs). Hîc sj pjrnk kqug< Ju jstcu ikakhbc scfrj hcssks mjhtjs, hcssk nchsngìhngk, hîc
scfrj hcsscs kbcrëvjgs ncrpgh`cs.
Kecrk pcbjmcs ikzjr mkgs umk bcfrk hk hcssk khkacegk bc ajhåca. Ncmc khtjs, KZM ç c
ajhåca, hþs j tubc c mkgs jm hcssk rjkagbkbj, scmcs mkrgchjtjs-bj-ajhåca sj prcljtkhbc pkrk k
bgmjhsîc jspkåc-tjmpc, j k jhjregk quj mkhgpuak cs bjbgh`cs, mîcs j frkåcs ç hcssk pcråîc
ghbgvgbukbk bk nchsngìhngk KZM, quj ç jxprjsskbk ktrkvçs bj hcssc agvrj krfítrgc ghbgvgbuka. C
ajhåca j suks bgmjhsújs skagjhtjs, jstîc jhvcavgbcs jm um prcerkmk bj mja`crgk nchtíhuk bj
qukagbkbj, kbmghgstrkbc pjac Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc, keghbc scfrj um jncssgstjmk
irkntka muatghívja, bj jvcauåîc bj nchsngìhngk. Kc igm bk ^jåîc 2 gstc ignkrë nakrc. Tcr jhqukhtc,
kpjhks bgvgrtk-sj ncm k pcssgfgagbkbj, bj quj quj hcsscs ncrpcs j tcbk k mktçrgk cfljtgvk jm
hcssc muhbc >B, sjlkm prcbutcs bj nchsngìhngk rjstrghegbk, jm um sgstjmk bj sjhtgbc bj
pjrnjpåîc vgrtuka fksjkbc-jm-rjerks.
Hîc nkgk hcs nchnjgtcs khtrcpcmþrigncs `kfgtukgs, cu ncmjåkrë k pjhskr hk KZM ncmc umk
pjssck. ^jrë mkgs prcbutgvc pjhskr hjak ncmc umk ncgsk, um sgstjmk ncmpajxc bj nchsngìhngk,
umk erkhbj ncgsk-pjhskmjhtc-jhjregk njauakr qukhtgzkbk, quj nchstgtug k Ichtj Ühgnk bj Rubc c
[uj Ç. Hîc nchnjfk KZM ncmc um ghtjajntc supjr-ùmkhc - vcnì mjsmc jxtrkpcakbc pkrk
prcpcråújs bj qukhtgbkbj j qukagbkbj jm tkmkh`c-bjus. Vjsgstk kc gmpuasc bj trkhsicrmkr k
KZM, jm um vja`ctj ncm achek fkrfk frkhnk, frghnkhbc ncm suks pjsscks bj jstgmkåîc, cu
tcbc c tgpc bj tcagnj grë skatkr mgstgnkmjhtj bc erkhbj vkzgc.
▼‑Jg,
Bj ljgtclë hjhùm
sjg, vkmcs frghnkrJubjqujrc
Csçgks! Bjus!sjr
- Juc sjrjg
bjus!cJu
bjus j vcnì
tgvj sjrëjstj
k gbjgk, c pcvc…
ç mju lcec, j ju
qujrc frghnkr bj bjus prgmjgrc!
Co, co, ju prcmjtc, hk prþxgmk jtjrhgbkbj vcnì sjrë bjus j ju sjrjg c pcvc. Ykmcs aë,
vkg sjr bgvjrtgbc!
Rj bgec mkgs, sj vcnì mj bjgxkr sjr bjus hjstk jtjrhgbkbj, ikrjg bj vcnì n`jij bj tcbks
ks nrgkturks, j vcu tj bkr umk mua`jr quj huhnk pjrbj c icec. Ijgtc3” ◂
^jrgk k nchsngìhngk cu pjrnjpåîc bk KZM ghtjagejhtj j sjhngjhtj3 Tcbj-sj bgzjr quj sgm,
mks hîc bk mjsmk icrmk quj scmcs ghtjagejhtjs j sjhngjhtjs - hîc tîc agmgtkbk. K nchsngìhngk
bj um fkfuíhc ç ghtjagejhtj j sjhngjhtj3 ^gm, pcrçm mkgs agmgtkbk bc quj k hcssk, hk mkgcrgk
bcs nkscs. K KZM sj gmpcrtk3 Rcmk nchtk bj hþs3 Hîc sjríkmcs, pcr kssgm bgzjr, sjus fjfjs3
Tuxk vgbk! Hîc sj tcrhj khtrcpcmcrignkmjhtj tcac, pkrk ngmk bj mgm kecrk.
Vjmcvk jssk hjfaghk kutcghbuaejhtj bjssjs nkrjhtjs ca`cs bj iga`ctj. Ycnì sj gmpcrtk, ncm
ks nçauaks ghbgvgbukgs bc sju pcajekr, cu sj hksnj ncm cu sjm kpìhbgnj3 Hîc bj vjrbkbj.
Chbj hþs tgpcs ùmkhcs ncacnkmcs hcssk ktjhåîc, bjpjhbj bcs bjskigcs bc Trcnjssc
Iuhbkmjhtka. Mugtc bj hcssk jhjregk ç bjbgnkbk kc hcssc sjr iísgnc (tjmks bj scfrjvgvìhngk j
rjprcbuåîc). Hc jhtkhtc, KZM hîc tjm jssk bgstrkåîc. Jvcauåîc pkrk k KZM jstë mkgs pkrk
kaec ncmc, umk tkrjik pjsscka j prþxgmk. Rkavjz qukhbc icrmcs mja`crjs jm jhejh`krgk
ejhçtgnk j nachkejm tjrjmcs um irknc akmpjlc, bk pcsgåîc bk KZM scfrj ghiaujhngkr suk
prþprgk jvcauåîc. Ktç aë, ç mja`cr hîc ghiakr k kutc gmpcrtæhngk, k pchtc bj jak ignkr hc nkmgh`c
bk `kfgagbkbj, jm vjr k vjrbkbj - qukaqujr quj sjlk.
Jhqukhtc gssc, sj ajhåþgs jhruekbcs bj nchsngìhngk pkrjnjm kheustgkh-tjmjhtj irgcs j
gmpjssckgs, ncmc ichtjs bj hcssc sjr, tjh`c umk scauåîc prëtgnk. [ukaqujr um, qujrjhbc um
rjakngchkmjhtc nkacrcsc j ijapubc quj lcrrj kmcr ghnchbgngchka, quj sjlk ghbgvgbuka j
bgrjtkmjhtj icnkbc jm (j c`, tîc mjrjnjbcr) vcnì bjvjrgk…. nchsjeugr um nîc! Hîc sj
nchiuhbk pjak ncgsk bj scajtrkr bj trës pkrk irjhtj< ^gmpajsmjhtj prcnurj pcr um ejhuíhc,
sjeurkmjhtj knca`jbcr j pjaubc n-î-c (nîc ç bce jm gheaìs, c ghvjrsc bj ecb quj sgehgignk bjus).
Kaçm bj kmcrcscs, nîjs sîc bgrjtcs, `chjstcs, igçgs, ajkgs j pjrbckm. Vkrkmjhtj sîc
jxgejhtjs, vghektgvcs, ngumjhtcs, rkgvcscs, jecístks cu vcatkbcs pkrk mjbcs j bcemks. Huhnk tj
mkhbkrîc pkrk c ghijrhc. Huhnk sîc rubjs cu ktrjvgbcs, hjm sj jsqujnjm bj bkr k bjsnkrek cu
kpkekr ks auzjs quj agekrkm. Hîc vîc jstcurkr c agmgtj bc sju nkrtîc bj nrçbgtc, cu rkakr sju
nkrrc. Mja`cr kghbk, huhnk akrekrîc ks rcupks hc n`îc, hjm n`kmkrîc k mîj pkrk mcrkr ncm
vcnìs. Hjhùm nîc lkmkgs iumcu um ngekrrc, cu nchvgbcu sjus kmgecs pkrk fjfjr njrvjlk j
kssgstgr iutjfca hk RY.
Nîjs ignkm ijagzjs jm jxgstgr bcs sjus rjstcs j ncmjr bc sju agxc. Gstc, sjh`crks j sjh`crjs, ç
c mkgs nkacrcsc j ijapubc quj vîc nchsjeugr, sj jstgvjrjm prcnurkhbc um rjakngchkmjhtc, quj
jxglk quksj hkbk bj jsicråc bj suk pkrtj. Ç gstc c quj vcnì jstë prcnurkhbc, hîc ç3 Zm
rjakngchkmjhtc sjm nuapk
kmkbcs j pjrbckbcs (pjac mjhcs hîc suk),
ghnchbgngchkamjhtj, kpjhksncm
pcrfkgxc nustc
jxgstgr bj mkhutjhåîc,
j numprgr hc qukafësgnks
ks jxgeìhngks scmcs
supjrigngkgs - c quj pcbjrgk sjr mja`cr quj gstc3 Ç gstc c quj vcnì rjkamjhtj qujr, njrtc3 ^jm
prcfajmk! Krrumj um n-î-c!
^j mkhtgvjr ks ajtrks hk crbjm ncrrjtk, vcnì bjsncfrgrë ncm ijagngbkbj quj nîjs jhtrjekm
iciurks nkacrcsks c tjmpc tcbc, kc ghvçs bj kpjhks nchicrmj suks hjnjssgbkbjs, nrjhåks j
mjbcs. J kqug vkg k mja`cr pkrtj - k pcssj bj um nîc huhnk ejrk prjssújs ghtjrhks quj tj
ajvkrgkm k sjr `gpþnrgtk cu ighegbc - pcbj sjr kpjhks vcnì mjsmc. ^ju nîc grë tj kmkr
ghbjpjhbjhtj bj qujm vcnì sjlk. Mjsmc sj vcnì, hîc icr ajeka ncm sju nîc j hîc c kmkr - jaj
kghbk vkg tj kmkr j kbcrkr kngmk bj tcbcs cs cutrcs! ^ju kmcr ç kmpakmjhtj bgstrgfuíbc,
prciuhbkmjhtj sghnjrc, j vjrbkbjgrkmjhtj ghnchbgngchka - um sjr bgehc bj sjr gmgtkbc, sj hîc
tctkamjhtj kbcrkbc.
Jg, pkrk quj sîc k mkbjgrk, k ncrbk j ks tcn`ks3 Ç kaeum tgpc bj ijstgvka mjbgjvka3 Ykmcs
ikzjr umk iceujgrk j ksskr mkrs`mkaacws3 Ca`j, nchncrbc ncm vcnì. Jxgstjm ghighgtks j
mkehíignks ichtjs bj iciurks-nkacrcsks jspgrgtukgs, mks vcnì prjngsk trkfka`kr burc j nrjsnjr c
suigngjhtj pkrk knjssë-aks. Hîc sîc iënjgs, bj fkgxk mkhutjhåîc cu supjrigngkgs. Hîc jstîc
icnkbks, hjm bj achej, scfrj c quj vcnì cftçm pcr ktjhbjr rjqugsgtcs. Jstj nchnjgtc icg ejrkbc
pkrk bkr supcrtj k umk hjnjssgbkbj bj pkrtgngpkåîc bj erupc. Kc nchtrërgc, jaks sîc scfrj k suk
nkpkngbkbj bj jhnkrhkr j kpagnkr (bkr) kmcr kfscautc ghnchbgngchka. Vjkagzkr rgtukgs j nrgkr
bcemks hîc bë rjsuatkbc. Nrjhåk (prþ cu nchtrk) pcbj, qukhbc mugtc, ejrkr um psjubc-nkacrcsc-
ijapubc jecnìhtrgnc kutcicnkbc ‑ju mj sghtc fjm scfrj mgm mjsmc, mgh`k iç j mgh`k
nrjhåk”.
^j vcnì n`jekr um bgk k jhtjhbjr k ncgsk vjrbkbjgrk, huhnk mkgs vkg sj nchicrmkr ncm um
psjubc-ijapubc.

▤▤▤

6 (>9)
Nkrkmfk, ^jrë [uj Jstj Vktc Ecrbc
Kghbk Ykg Jhnchtrkr C [ujglc3
Ç ejrkamjhtj knjgtc (jhtrj ùmkhcs) quj hþs @cmc ^kpgjhs, tjmcs k

ghtjageìhngk mkgs kvkhåkbk j scmcs cs sjrjs mkgs pjhskhtjs jhtrj tcbks ks nrgkturks tjrrjhks. ^jrë
quj gssc hcs ikz mkgs pkrjngbcs ncm k KZM j, nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, mkgs prþxgmcs bk ichtj3
Ycnì kn`k quj bjvjmcs sjr k nrgkåîc ikvcrgtk bk KZM, cu c jxpjrgmjhtc mkgs bgvjrtgbc3
@umkhcs, sjm büvgbk, sîc jxnjpngchkamjhtj ghtjagejhtjs. [uka cutrk jspçngj pcbjrgk nrgkr hîc
mjhcs quj nghnc icrmks ncmpajtkmjhtj ghbjpjhbjhtjs bj bjstrugr tcbk k vgbk ncmc k
nch`jnjmcs (fcmfks hunajkrjs, kqujngmjhtc eacfka, agxc tþxgnc, pcaugåîc j usc jxnjssgvc bcs
rjnurscs hkturkgs)3 Rkmkh`k nrgktgvgbkbj j ghtjageìhngk surprjjhbjhtjs, hîc tj bjgxk creua`csc3
C quj jstë jrrkbc hjstj njhërgc3 [uj tjrmc jstë ikatkhbc hk jqukåîc ùmkhk3
Hcssk jspçngj sjmprj scufj ghtugtgvkmjhtj quj um pcunc bj nch`jngmjhtc ç kaec
pjrgecsc, pcrçm huhnk kvkagkmcs quîc pjrgecsc pcr tîc pcunc. K`, hþs sjrjs bj agmgtkbk
pjrnjpåîc >B „ c quj vcnì vì ç c quj vcnì cftçm „ jstk ç k hcssk fjajzk j k hcssk cpcrtuhgbkbj.
Hcssk pjrnjpåîc agmgtkbk fksjkbk jm jxpjrgìhngk iísgnk bj umk ncmuhgbkbj ùmkhk ghtjrktgvk,
sj jxnjbj jm nrgkr mkrkvga`csks cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj nrjsngmjhtc pkrk k qukagbkbj ghbgvgbuka j
ncajtgvk bj hcssk nchsngìhngk.
Zmk pjrnjpåîc agmgtkbk ekrkhtj quj hcssk ghtjrkåîc bjhtrc bk TMV rjiagtk prjngsk j
gmjbgktkmjhtj k qukagbkbj bc hcssc sjr. Ycnì prjngsk kpjhks nchsgbjrkr ks nrgkhåks pjqujhks,
cu c sju fgn`gh`c pjaubc ikvcrgtc, pkrk pjrnj-fjr ncmc umk pjrspjntgvk quj sjlk agmgtkbk k umk
vgsîc rjaktgvkmjhtj jstrjgtk prcbuz ghtjrkåújs j rjkåújs trkhspkrjhtjs j bgrjtks. Tkrk umk
nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka ncmc vcnì, k pjrnjpåîc agmgtkbk prcbuz cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj kprjhbgzkbc
bjhtrc bj um kmfgjhtj vgrtuka ghtjrktgvc rjaktgvkmjhtj sgmpajs j bgrjtc, ncm nchsjquìhngks bj
rjtcrhc gmjbgktks agekbks ks bjngsújs tcmkbks.
Ks mjhtjs ncmpajxks, jhekhkbcrks j tubc mjhcs bgrjtks, quj kpkrjhtkmcs tjr, scmjhtj
pkrjnjm
pkrjnjm kssgm scf um agmgtkbc
sjr vkstkmjhtj pchtc bj vgstk,
mkgs gmpcrtkhtjs bc qujchbj vkrgkåújssîc.
hk vjrbkbj ghsgehgignkhtjs
Cs jvjhtcs bj mjbc
scfrj cs jqukgs
jec
tcrnjmcs hcssks mîcs j rkhejmcs hcsscs bjhtjs bgk kpþs bgk sîc tgpgnkmjhtj rjtgrkbcs bk
mgsnjaæhjk bj jvjhtcs, quj bjighjm hcssk ‑hcvjak bks hcvj” pjsscka. C quj kpkrjhtk sjr
vgtkamjhtj gmpcrtkhtj, hk vgsîc agmgtkbk, njek pcr nrjhåks j pcr jecs jm autk quj tjmcs ç
ejrkamjhtj ghnchsjqujhtj scf umk Ygsîc Kmpak.
Ycnì jstë nchsngjhtj bjhtrc bj umk pjrspjntgvk mjhcr, bj icrmk quj jvjhtukamjhtj,
pcbjrë nrjsnjr suk qukagbkbj ktç sj tcrhkr nkpkz bj pkrtgngpkr bgrjtkmjhtj bk Ygsîc Kmpak
(pjrspjntgvk mkgcr). Ykekr sjm rumc eugkbc pcr jec fksjkbc jm mjbc, jm suk hcvjak bj
pjrspjntgvk mjhcr chbj tjm bj jsnrjvjr c prþprgc jhrjbc, hîc ç jxktkmjhtj umk vgk rëpgbk pkrk
c sunjssc. [uj vcnì pcssk ktç sjr um rctjgrgstk fcm j scrtubc c suigngjhtj pkrk sj tcrhkr rgnc j
ikmcsc bjhtrc bk TMV ç grrjajvkhtj.
K igm bj tjr umk cpcrtuhgbkbj sgehgignktgvk bj knjrtkr, vcnì tkmfçm prjngsk tjr k
cpcrtuhgbkbj bj jrrkr. Bj umk Ygsîc Kmpak (erkhbj pjrspjntgvk), k rjkagbkbj iísgnk icrhjnj um
fjråërgc gbjka pkrk nchsngìhngks jm nrjsngmjhtc.
K kutc kvkagkåîc típgnk bk ncmpajxgbkbj bk mjhtj j ghtjageìhngk ùmkhk ç fksjkbk hk
hcssk bjighgåîc bj ghtjageìhngk j jspjrtjzk, ncmc k `kfgagbkbj bj ghiaujhngkr, mkhgpuakr,
nchtrcakr j bcmghkr cutrcs (kmfgjhtjs hkturkgs j krtgigngkgs, pakhtks, khgmkgs, cutrks pjsscks j
tubc mkgs). Gstc jxpagnk pcrquj hþs, ùmkhcs, bjsjhvcavjmcs j jvcauímcs k mkgcrgk bj hcssks
tjnhcacegks j sgstjmks scngkgs jm tcrhc bks hcssks hjnjssgbkbjs, sjlkm jaks fçagnks, bj bjijsk, bj
trcnk cu bj
müatgpaks ncmuhgnkåîc.
icrmks bj bjstrugrJ ktkmfçm pcrquj
vgbk bgvjrsk bc ejrkmcs, tkhtc ghnaughbc
hcssc pakhjtk, kngbjhtka kncmc prcpcsgtkbkmjhtj,
hþs mjsmcs. Tcr nchtk
bj hcssks hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs, bjsjlcs, mjbcs, nrjhåks j jec (ikatk bj qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk), kpagnkmcs mugtc bk jhjregk mjhtka bj hcssk jspçngj jm kssuhtcs bj nchtrcaj j
bcmghkåîc „ ghtjrhkngchka, hkngchka j pjsscka. Ghtjageìhngk, kc quj pkrjnj, jstë prghngpkamjhtj
hcs ca`cs bj qujm vì.
Hîc cfstkhtj, hþs sjrjs iísgncs, scmcs bc pchtc bj vgstk bj umk nchsngìhngk mjhcs
agmgtkbk, jxnjssgvkmjhtj sgmpajs j bgrjtcs? hcssks mctgvkåújs, ghtjhåújs j ghtjrkåújs nakrk j
prjngskmjhtj bjmchstrkm k qukagbkbj bj hcssk nchsngìhngk jm tubc c quj ikzjmcs, ikakmcs,
pjhskmcs j sjhtgmcs. Zmk nchsngìhngk mjhcs agmgtkbk, kn`k trkhspkrjhtjs hcssks mkqughkåújs
bjhtrc bc uhgvjrsc iísgnc. Hcssk qukagbkbj, cu k ikatk bjak, ignk þfvgk? hîc pcbjmcs jsnchbjr c
quj scmcs. Rjh`c quj pjreuhtkr< C quj ks suks mctgvkåújs j kåújs bgzjm scfrj k qukagbkbj bj
suk nchsngìhngk3
rjirgejrkbcr” Jstkmjhtj,
bk suk ç umkpkrk
fck ajmfrkr-sj
qujstîc pkrk
bj pchbjrkr (sjrgk
ikzì-ak ncm fcm rjncrtkr
irjquìhngk) pcr jquì,
ncakr hk ‑pcrtk
kaeum bc
bgk, tjrë
quj agbkr ncm k rjspcstk.
C rjsuatkbc bks hcssks kåújs (c kmfgjhtj quj nrgkmcs) kssgm ncmc ks rjkåújs bcs cutrcs
jm rjakåîc k hþs, icrhjnjm um rjsuatkbc gmjbgktc pkrk kvkagkrmcs k qukagbkbj bj hcssks
ghtjhåújs. Nrgkmcs k hcssk rjkagbkbj ktrkvçs bk gmpajmjhtkåîc bj hcssks ghtjhåújs j jsnca`ks „
cs rjsuatkbcs sîc jm ejrka c quj prjngskmcs j mjrjnjmcs (pcbjmcs uskr) pkrk jstgmuakr c
nrjsngmjhtc prcbutgvc. Ejrkamjhtj, sj ikzjmcs jsnca`ks jrrkbks, scirjmcs. ^j ikzjmcs jsnca`ks
njrtks, c nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka rjsuatkhtj jspka`k sju frga`c pcr tcbc akbc. Kqug ‑njrtc” j
‑jrrkbc” sîc utgagzkbcs hc sjhtgbc jvcautgvc. Njrtc j jrrkbc hc sjhtgbc jvcautgvc sgehgignkm c
mjsmc quj njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs hc sjhtgbc mctgvkngchka, qukhbc c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj
jvcauåîc jstë icnkbc jm mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bj hcssk nchsngìhngk. K irksj khtjrgcr ikz sjhtgbc,
pcrçm vcnì pcbj prjngskr rjiajtgr um pcunc scfrj jak. Njrtc j jrrkbc rjaktgvcs hcrmkamjhtj tjm
rkízjs hc njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs, hc jhtkhtc c rjsuatkbc pcbj sjr jstrkh`kmjhtj bgstcrngbc pcr
sgstjmks bj nrjhåks bj tcbcs cs tgpcs (nuaturkgs, rjagegcsks, pjssckgs cu ngjhtíignks).
▼Hjm tcbc scirgmjhtc vjm bj ikzjr jsnca`ks rughs. Kpjhks c scirgmjhtc kutc ghiagegbc
(ghtjrhkmjhtj nkuskbc), quj nchstgtug k mkgcr pkrtj bk hcssk nctk bj bcr j scirgmjhtc bgërgc,
tjm jsnca`ks jrrkbks ncmc nkusk iuhbkmjhtka. Ycnì pcbj cnksgchkamjhtj jxpjrgmjhtkr
pjqujhcs cu erkhbjs scirgmjhtcs bj ichtjs jxtjrhks? jstjs ejrkamjhtj rjiajtjm k jxgstìhngk
bj kajktcrgjbkbj jm hcssks vgbks. (Bgsnutgrjg k crgejm j k hkturjzk bjssjs ncmpchjhtjs
kajktþrgcs hks prþxgmks buks ^jåújs j hc nkpítuac 2: bjstj agvrc). Ç sgmpajs kssgm< Kaeumks
vjzjs k fcak qugnk j tj knjrtk hc mjgc bcs ca`cs, j kaeumks vjzjs c fgsncgtc sj qujfrk j nkg
khtjs bj pcbjrmcs prcvë-ac. Hks pkakvrks, bj kaeumk icrmk nruks, bc ikmcsc eìhgc,
igaþscic (pjrschkejm bc nghjmk) Icrrjst Eump< ‑Mjrbk knchtjnj”.
Ks nkusks bj scirgmjhtc pcbjm sjr bkbks pcr umk mgsturk bj ichtjs jxtjrhks j ghtjrhks.
Hc jhtkhtc, k mkgcrgk bj hþs knrjbgtk jrrchjkmjhtj quj, hk mkgcr pkrtj bc tjmpc, hcssc
scirgmjhtc ç nkuskbc pcr iktcrjs jxtjrhcs. Jstk nrjhåk hcs ikz sjhtgr mja`cr hc nurtc prkzc.
Hîc qujrjmcs hcs vjr, ncmc ichtj prgmërgk bk prþprgk ghijagngbkbj j ghsktgsikåîc, kghbk quj
gssc sjlk quksj sjmprj k vjrbkbj. Ç mkgs iënga j nchicrtëvja knrjbgtkr quj scmcs vítgmks
bcs cutrcs, cu quj sgmpajsmjhtj hîc bjmcs scrtj. Kaeumks vjzjs jssj ç c nksc „ mks jstk
nchbgåîc, ç mkgs umk rkrk jxnjåîc bc quj umk rjerk ejrka.
K rjerk ejrka ç quj k mkgcrgk bc scirgmjhtc jm hcssk vgbk ç kutc ghiagegbc, jhqukhtc
mugtc pcunc jxtjrhc”
um ‑ghgmgec ç ‑ktgrkbcç mugtc
scfrj vcnì” vghbc
mkgs iënga bj bj icrk.jTrjijrgmcs
knjgtkr bjrrctkr, bcknrjbgtkr hc cpcstc,
quj um ghtjrhc. pcrquj
Ç tîc iënga
vjr ncmc jstk rjerk sj kpagnk kcs cutrcs, ncmc ç bgiínga vjr qukhbc sj kpagnk k prþprgk
pjssck. ◂
Njrtc j jrrkbc hc nchtjxtc nuaturka cu scngka ç rjaktgvc j ncstumjgrc „ hcrmkamjhtj umk

scmfrk bgiusk j bgstcrngbk bc njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs. Njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs sîc bjighgbcs
cpjrkngchkamjhtj ncmc ks jsnca`ks pkrk ctgmgzkr c nrjsngmjhtc (jvcauåîc) bk qukagbkbj bk suk
nchsngìhngk, cu bj icrmk jqugvkajhtj, hcssc bjsjhvcavgmjhtc jspgrgtuka. Ghtjhåújs j jsnca`ks
‑njrtks”, klubkm k kprgmcrkr k qukagbkbj bj hcssc sjr? jhqukhtc, ghtjhåújs j jsnca`ks ‑jrrkbks”
hîc jstgmuakm hjhùm nrjsngmjhtc pcsgtgvc, pcbjhbc hcs ajvkr k pjrbjr qukagbkbjs
khtjrgcrmjhtj nchqugstkbks. Njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs (ghtjhåújs, mctgvkåújs, jsnca`ks j kåújs)
sîc bjighgbcs j bgijrjhngkbcs
C kprjhbgzkbc pcbj pjac jijgtcncm
vgr tkhtc quj jsnca`ks
tìm hk jhtrcpgk
njrtks mçbgk bc sgstjmk.
ncmc jrrkbks. K TMV ç prcljtkbk
ncmc um akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc „ um auekr chbj uhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs bj nchsngìhngk
(kaeumks vjzjs rjijrgbks ncmc sjrjs, jhtgbkbjs cu kamks) pcbjm nrjsnjr (kprgmcrkr suk
qukagbkbj) jxjrngtkhbc suk ghtjhåîc bj agvrj krfítrgc bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk vgrtuka ghtjrktgvc bj
jxpjrgìhngks j ijjbfknos bgrjtcs. Yërgcs cutrcs sufnchluhtcs bk HTMVh sîc tkmfçm
nchigeurkbcs ncmc akfcrktþrgcs bj kprjhbgzkbc „ kaeuhs jmprjekm vjrsújs bc jspkåc tjmpc,
jhqukhtc cutrcs hîc. Nkbk um prcpcrngchk um sgstjmk bj rjkagbkbj acnka pkrk sjus `kfgtkhtjs
quj vjjm ‑suk” rjkagbkbj ncmc iísgnk j ‑tcbks ks cutrks” ncmc hîc-iísgnks. Rcbcs cs sgstjmks bj
rjkagbkbj sîc vgrtukgs? nchsjqujhtjmjhtj hîc jxgstj hjhùmk bgstghåîc jijtgvk jhtrj rjka j
vgrtuka. Rubc ç nchsngìhngk, um sgstjmk vkstc bj crekhgzkåîc bgegtka kutc mcbgignkhtj quj jvcaug
hk bgrjåîc bj rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk.
Hk mkgcr pkrtj bc tjmpc hcs ç prcpcrngchkbk umk cpcrtuhgbkbj bj kprjhbgzkbc quksj
þtgmk, bjvgbc äs ngrnuhstæhngks quj tjmcs ‑ijgtks scf mjbgbk” pkrk sj jhnkgxkrjm jm hcssks
hjnjssgbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs. K nkbk mcmjhtc, ncm rjsuatkbcs gmjbgktcs j þfvgcs, jstks
cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj nrjsngmjhtc hcs ca`km ‑nkrk k nkrk” cu hcs knjrtkm fjm jhtrj cs ca`cs. ^jrë
quj kaeum cutrc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc pcbjrgk sjr tîc jigngjhtj qukhtc hcssc kmkbc
akfcrktþrgc jspkåc-tjmpc >B3 Buvgbc bgssc. K KZM skfgk c quj jstkvk ikzjhbc
(jvcautgvkmjhtj ikakhbc) qukhbc ghvjhtcu (jvcaugu) c nchnjgtc bj rjkagbkbjs vgrtukgs iísgnks
agmgtkbks.
^cmcs ncmc rktcs jm um akfgrghtc chbj umk nurvk jrrkbk hcs ajvk k um n`cquj jaçtrgnc
gmjbgktc. Jstkmcs jm um akfgrghtc-pubgm bjagngcskmjhtj ncmpajxc? pkrk tjr ìxgtc, bjvjmcs
skfcrjkr hcssk lcrhkbk ktrkvçs bjaj. C quj pcbjrgk sjr mkgs iënga cu jigngjhtj3 Ikzjmcs jsnca`ks
jrrkbks, mctgvkbks pcr rkzújs jrrkbks j ... \KT! ^cmcs ktghegbcs pcr umk bjsnkrek jaçtrgnk j
ignkmcs mgsjrëvjgs. Ikzjhbc ks jsnca`ks njrtks pjaks rkzújs njrtks nrgkmcs vgbks ijagzjs,
prcbutgvks j rjncmpjhskbcrks (cftjmcs qujglc). Jstk ç jvcauåîc sgmpajs chbj c sunjssc ç
sgmuatkhjkmjhtj nrgtçrgc, kvkagkåîc j rjncmpjhsk. K nchsngìhngk jstë hc prcnjssc bj
jvcaugr/bjsjhvcavjr sju nkmgh`c ktrkvçs bj um akfgrghtc jvcaungchërgc bj ghtjhåîc, jsnca`k,
ghtjrkåîc j rjkåîc.
[ujrc kpchtkr kaeuhs iktcs fësgncs scfrj k jvcaugr bk qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk jm
hcssk rjkagbkbj. Mjsmc quj cs rjsuatkbcs bj suks kåújs (ijjbfkno) sjlkm gmjbgktcs j þfvgcs,
jxgstj k pcssgfgagbkbj bj cs gehcrkr cu mka ghtjrprjtkr, sj sju jec jstgvjr nrgkhbc mugtk nchiusîc.
Jhtîc, pcbj bjmcrkr um pcunc ktç quj k sgtukåîc bjejhjrj, k um pchtc jm quj k bgsiuhåîc
rjsuatkhtj hîcjstkr
kprjhbgzkbc, pcssk mkgs
ktjhtc sjr gehcrkbk
- prjstkr ktjhåîc kcukuak
bjsnuapkbk. Ncmc jm
- ç kfscautkmjhtj tcbks pkrk
jssjhngka ks sgtukåújs bj
um prcnjssc
bj kprjhbgzkbc jigngjhtj. Hîc pjåk pcr um akfgrghtc mkgs iënga „ hîc rjnjfjrë um. Tkrk kqujajs
quj tgpgnkmjhtj jsnkpkm bj sgtukåújs jxgejhtjs jvgtkhbc ks ncgsks mkgs bgiínjgs, bjgxjm-mj
kajrtkr quj kfscautkmjhtj hîc jxgstjm ktka`cs, ncmc ‑bkr k vcatk”, bjsnuapks knjgtëvjgs, cu
kaeumk icrmk bj bjsgstgr.
Kqujaj pjqujhc vja`gh`c khtrcpcmcrigzkbc ncm k fkrfk frkhnk ncmprgbk, quj pcbj
bjsncakr kaeuhs ikvcrjs sj vcnì knrjbgtkr hks ncgsks njrtks j rjkagzkr cs rgtukgs ncrrjtcs, ç prcbutc
bk vgsîc agmgtkbk bj suk nuaturk j tkmfçm bj umk mjhtj mjbrcsk j n`jgk bj hjnjssgbkbjs
prcnurkhbc umk skíbk iënga. Hgheuçm jstë luaekhbc cu nchtrcakhbc suks ‑lcekbks” bk fjgrk bc
nkmpc. Hjm mjsmc umk ncgsk-pjhskmjhtc-sgstjmk hîc-khtrcpcmþrignk KZM pkrjnj jstkr
prjstkhbc hjhùmk ktjhåîc pkrtgnuakr k um ghbgvíbuc-fkntçrgk-ùmkhc bjhtrc bk paknk bj Tjtrg
TMV.
KmpakK(erkhbj
ùmkhgbkbj, ncmc vcnì
pjrspjntgvk). Ycnìnch`jnj
bjvjrgk jjstkr
pjhsk, hîc jstëpcr
creua`csc hc njhtrc
sjr umbks mkqughkåújs
lcekbcr bk Ygsîc
pjqujhghc, j hîc
bjskpchtkbc, pcr hîc sjr k jstrjak prghngpka. Ktç chbj pcssc bgzjr, hjhùmk rjkagbkbj cu
bgmjhsîc ç mkgs njhtrka quj ks cutrks< tcbcs sîc pjqujhcs lcekbcrjs (cu bj icrmk jqugvkajhtj,
tcbcs sîc jstrjaks) lcekhbc jm suk ‑pcsgåîc” jspjníignk.
Kpjhks um jec ecrbc j ijgc pcbjrgk sj prjcnupkr ncm k gmpcrtæhngk rjaktgvk bcs
ùmkhcs bk tjrrk. C vkacr rjaktgvc j stktus ncmpkrktgvc bk hcssk jspçngj hîc tjm hjhùm
sgehgignkbc pkrk umk nchsngìhngk kvkhåkbk tka ncmc k suk prþprgk, mks vcnì hîc knrjbgtkrgk,
qukhtcs bcs cutrcs ghbgvíbucs pjhskm quj k ùmkhgbkbj ç k hktk bk jxgstìhngk sjhngjhtj. Jstjs
jecístks pcbjm sj tcrhkr vkzgcs, rjsgstjhtjs j bjijhsgvcs qukhbc vcnì a`js nchtk quj, bjhtrc bk
Ygsîc Kmpak, hîc sîc pkrtgnuakrmjhtj gmpcrtkhtjs. [ukhbc vcnì jstë kncstumkbc k sjr
ikhtkstgnkmjhtj mkehíignc j supjrgcr „ umk ajhbk sjeuhbc suk prþprgk vgsîc „ ç bgiínga vjr k sg
mjsmc ncmc um pjqujhghc lcekbcr ncmum jm um brkmk mugtc mkgcr.
C prcnjssc bj mja`crkr suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ç umk qujstîc bj sgmpajs jvcauåîc
„ mugtc mkgs iënga quj um pjgxj kprjhbjhbc k nkmgh`kr hk tjrrk j rjspgrkr kr. Ygvk j kprjhbk,
ikåk j mcrrk, sj hîc bjr njrtc bk prgmjgrk vjz, nchtghuj tjhtkhbc „ vcnì skfj c quj ikzjr. Rcmj
sju auekr luhtc kcs bjmkgs hkncs bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka ghbgvgbukbk, iísgnks cu hîc iísgnks. Hjm
vcnì, suk jspçngj, cu suk rjkagbkbj acnka ç mkgs gmpcrtkhtj, jspjngka cu supjrgcr, rjaktgvc äs
zga`újs bj cutrks.
^jhtgmjhtcs bj supjrgcrgbkbj bjsjhvcavgbcs jm rjakåîc k cutrcs sjrjs j icrmks bj vgbk
cfvgkmjhtj ghijrgcrjs bk TMV (k ùmkhgbkbj jstë kngmk bj tcbks ks cutrks icrmks bj vgbk hk
tjrrk) sîc jrrcs bj pjrnjpåîc quj tìm ejrkbc vërgcs "sgstjmks bj nrjhåk" pkrtgnuakrmjhtj
bjstrutgvcs, j quj nkuskrkm mugtcs prjluízcs ä fgcsijrk bk tjrrk „ kssgm ncmc rjtkrbkrkm c
nrjsngmjhtc ùmkhc ghbgvgbuka hk bgrjåîc bj umk mkgcr qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk. Tcrquj
nchsngìhngk ç um ktrgfutc bcs ghbgvíbucs, tcbks jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs sîc vgtkamjhtj gmpcrtkhtjs
k suk prþprgk mkhjgrk< nkbk umk tjm suk mgssîc j prcpþsgtc j ç um ncakfcrkbcr gmpcrtkhtj pkrk
c tcbc. Rcbcs sîc bgijrjhtjs, tcbcs tìm sjus prþprgcs bjskigcs j hjhùm ç iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj
supjrgcr cu ghijrgcr.
Tjhsj hk nchsngìhngk bjhtrc bk HTMVh ncmc um vkstc jncssgstjmk ghtjrbjpjhbjhtj jm
jvcauåîc. [ukaqujr pkrtj sj sjhtghbc supjrgcr k qukaqujr cutrk pkrtj ç c rjsuatkbc bj gehcræhngk,
nrjhåk j jec jxgstghbc bjhtrc bj umk pjrspjntgvk jstrjgtk. Kåújs mctgvkbks pcr sjhtgmjhtcs bj
supjrgcrgbkbj jstîc ikbkbks k ajvkr rjsuatkbcs bjstrutgvcs k tcbcs cs mjmfrcs bc sgstjmk mkgs
kmpac, ghnaughbc äqujajs "sj sjhtghbc supjrgcrjs". [uîc supjrgcr pcbj sjr ignkr bkhbc tgrcs jm
sju prþprgc pç, umk vjz kpþs cutrk3
▼Kecrk quj vcnì jstë sj sjhtghbc suigngjhtjmjhtj ùmgabj, bjgxj-mj nchtghukr ncm
jssk mjtëicrk bc jncssgstjmk pkrk mcstrkr c cutrc akbc bk mcjbk.
Bjhtrc jnc-mjhtj-sgstjmk mkgs kmpac bjsjh`kbc pkrk jvcaugr k qukagbkbj bk
nchsngìhngk, k TMV pcbj sjr nchsgbjrkbk um fgcmk pkrtgnuakr. Jncssgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk
hîc sîc fksjkbcs hks prjssújs jvcautgvks bk scfrjvgvìhngk mütuk j prcpkekåîc, mks
jvcaujm pkrk mja`crkr k sg prþprgcs, pkrk fkgxkr suk jhtrcpgk.
Chbj scfrjvgvìhngk j prcpkekåîc rjprjsjhtkm rjstrgåújs kmfgjhtkgs prjbcmghkhtjs,
ghbgvíbucs hîc sîc tîc gmpcrtkhtjs jm tjrmcs jvcautgvcs, ncmc sîc cs erupcs kcs qukgs jajs
pjrtjhnjm. Hk jvcauåîc fgcaþegnk, ghbgvíbucs supjrgcrjs cu gmpkntkm k rjhtkfgagbkbj
jstktístgnk bc hívja bk jspçngj ncmc um tcbc, cu suk nchtrgfugåîc jm pctjhngka ç pjrbgbk. C
gmpkntc
prcerjsscbjrjsuatk
um ghbgvíbuc
bk scmkhcbjsunjssc bj umk
um erkhbj jspçngjbjjstkfjajngbk
hümjrc ç quksj
nchtrgfugåújs mugtcghighgtjsgmka.
pjqujhks quj C
kpchtkm tcbks jm umk bgrjåîc sgmgakr. Jm sgstjmks fgcaþegncs, ç c erupc gmcrtka nchtíhuc,
j hîc c ghbgvíbuc mcrtka bjsnchtíhuc, c fjhjigngërgc prgmërgc bk jvcauåîc.
Bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk ncmc k HTMVh, jhtgbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs gmcrtkgs
nchsngjhtjs jvcaujm nchtghukmjhtj j nchtrgfujm ncm ekh`cs jm suk qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk pjsscka (jhtrcpgk rjbuzgbk) bgrjtkmjhtj pkrk c tcbc bc quka ikzjm pkrtj. Zmk
jhtgbkbj nchsngjhtj sgheuakr tjm c pctjhngka bj ikzjr umk nchtrgfugåîc mugtc sgehgignktgvk,
bgrjtk, j ncmpajtkmjhtj ghbjpjhbjhtj pkrk c jncssgstjmk mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk, ä
mjbgbk quj jak fusnk aunrktgvgbkbj hc hívja pjsscka. Ä mjbgbk quj nkbk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk jvcaug, c sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk mkgs kmpac (KZM) jvcaug tkmfçm.
^cfrjvgvìhngk fksjkbk hk ghtjrbjpjhbìhngk jhtrj erupcs j k jvcauåîc bj jspçngjs bjhtrc
bk TMV ç sufstgtuíbk pcr nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka j jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka bjhtrc
bk HTMV. J kssgm vcnì pcbj sjr umk bks zga`újs bj jhtgbkbjs bjhtrc bj kaeumk paknk bj
Tjtrg bj nchsngìhngk jxpjrgmjhtka, j kc mjsmc tjmpc sjr ghbgvgbuka j mugtc gmpcrtkhtj pkrk
c tcbc. ûk nchtrgfugåîc pjsscka hîc ç agmgtkbk pcr umk iuhåîc bj erupc cu pcr um
prcnjssc ghnjrtc j ajhtc bj ‑pksskr kbgkhtj” ncm icrtjs ncmpchjhtjs kajktþrgcs? ç
sgmpajsmjhtj mjbgbc pjak qukagbkbj quj k suk nchsngìhngk trkz pkrk k mjsk. [ukagbkbj rjej
k ekmk quj vkrgk bjsbj c jec sjvjrkmjhtj agmgtkbc, ncm katk jhtrcpgk, fksjkbc jm mjbc j
jecístk, ktç c kmcr ghnchbgngchka, gagmgtkbc, bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, jxgfgbc pjak nchsngìhngk
KZM. Ä mjbgbk quj vcnì sj bjsacnk bc prgmjgrc pkrk c üatgmc, suk sgehgignæhngk pjsscka
rjaktgvk kc tcbc kumjhtk brkstgnkmjhtj.
Jmfcrk mjsmc quj umk fkntçrgk frga`khtj bjvk pjrmkhjnjr hk paknk bj Tjtrg ncmc umk
pkrtj bj sju erupc, umk nchsngìhngk jvcauíbk pcbj nrjsnjr kaçm bj suk nuaturk hk paknk bj
Tjtrg crgeghkamjhtj bjsgehkbk, j um bgk sj luhtkr ä jqugpj bc akfcrktþrgc! Ycnì ç umk
nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk ghbjpjhbjhtj (ncm agvrj krfítrgc) nchtjhbc c pctjhngka bk KZM „
hjhùm ghbgvíbuc, jspçngj cu kigagkåîc bj erupc pcbj klubkr cu bgignuatkr sju jsicråc pkrk
sj tcrhkr umk jhtgbkbj mkgs sgehgignkhtj. Tcrtkhtc, sjhtgr-sj supjrgcr scfrj k suk kigagkåîc bj
erupc (ekaëxgk, pakhjtk, jspçngj, rkåk, eìhjrc, nuaturk, rjagegîc, hkåîc, prcigssîc, jbunkåîc
cu sgtukåîc sþngc jnchòmgnk) ç sgmpajsmjhtj nchtrk prcbutgvc. (Jm um kpkrtj pjrtc bc igm
bc Nkpítuac 64 bjstj agvrc, jxpagnkrjg pcrquì umk nchsngìhngk katkmjhtj jvcauíbk j bj fkgxk
jhtrcpgk hîc tjm sjhsc bj supjrgcrgbkbj).
Hk Ygsîc Kmpak (pjrspjntgvk mkgcr), k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk bjtjrmghk sj vcnì
tjm
tcbc,tkmkh`c ghighgtjsgmka
sj tjm um cuakfcrktþrgc
trkfka`c hc erkhbj jstkturk,
cu jstësjn`kiurbkhbc
ç bj mjhcr cu
pcrmkgcr
kí sjmnchsjquìhngk pkrkbjc
hcåîc hk paknk
Tjtrg. ◂
Gmpajmjhtj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka! Ikåk vkajr nkbk jsnca`k. Mkhtjh`k c prcerkmk.

Jvcauk sju sjr. Ycnì jstë ikzjhbc gssc kecrk, j hîc tjm jsnca`k. Ycnì jxgstj, ç umk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk j hîc pcbj pkrkr bj jxgstgr. ûk mcrtj iísgnk ghgngk um prcnjssc, quj jvjhtukamjhtj
nrgk um hcvc akfgrghtc k jxpacrkr „ sju kprjhbgzkbc ç numuaktgvc. Ycnì ç pkrtgngpkhtj, kssgm
ncm um bgrjngchkbcr, bc ngnac bk nchsngìhngk.
Ycnì jstë hc lcec, qujr qujgrk cu hîc. Rcbcs cs bgks vcnì jstë jvcaughbc mkgs pkrk c
pcac pcsgtgvc cu hjektgvc bj sjr „ hîc pcbj ignkr hjutrc cu jstkngchërgc. Hjekåîc j gehcræhngk
sîc ghnchsjqujhtjs j hîc kijtkm jm hkbk -- suk pjrmgssîc cu bgspcsgåîc bj jstkr jhvcavgbc ç
ncmpajtkmjhtj grrjajvkhtj.
jstë ikzjhbc gstc Ycnì jstë
pkrk mja`cr hc prcnjssc
cu pkrk pgcr. Ksbj ühgnks
jvcaugr ktgvkmjhtj quîc fjm kecrk
suk nchsngìhngk
pjreuhtks sîc j quîc„
jigngjhtjmjhtj jstë sj skghbc3 Jstë prcerjbghbc cu rjerjbghbc, j sjhbc nksc, quîc jstkvjamjhtj
j k quka tkxk3 ^ju prcnjssc bj nrjsngmjhtc ç jigngjhtj3 ûk tkxk bj kprjhbgzkbc ç þtgmk3
N`cquj cu qujglc3 Nkrkmfk, jssk pjreuhtk ç bgiínga „ bjgxj-mj pjhskr k rjspjgtc.
Ycnì pcbj jstkr nchiusc j sjhbc gmprcbutgvc (tkavjz irknkssj) sj< (;) hîc jhtjhbj c lcec
j, pcrtkhtc, hîc skfj quj suk rjkagbkbj ç um akfgrghtc ghnrívja bj mugtks jsnca`ks quj jstë
kngchkhbc k jvcauåîc bk suk nchsngìhngk „ pcrtkhtc nchtghuk sjm prcpþsgtc, sjm sjhtgbc j
bjsicnkbc „ hjm mjsmc tjhtkhbc. Cu (6), suks pkpgaks eustktgvks jstîc tîc bgstcrngbks j
nchiusks pcr nchtk bj nrjhåks, jecísmc, kpjecs, hjnjssgbkbjs j mjbcs (jec) quj vcnì hîc vkg,
cu hîc pcbj sjhtgr k bgijrjhåk bc ecstc jhtrj um pubgm bj mgsçrgk, krrceæhngk j gmprcbutgvgbkbj
j um bjagngcsc j sktgsiktþrgc pubgm bj kmcr j ghbuåîc bj nrjsngmjhtc. Jm cutrks pkakvrks, vcnì
hîc nchsjeuj bgijrjhngkr jhtrj n`cqujs jaçtrgncs j um þtgmc qujglc n`jbbkr frkhnc. Tcrtkhtc
pjrbj c sju sjhsc bj bgrjåîc j hîc tjm mjgcs bj bgstgheugr jhtrj kngmk j kfkgxc, jsnurgbîc j auz
cu prcerjssc j rjerjssîc.
^j um rktc ghbgvgbuka bjhtrc bc akfgrghtc hîc vì hjhùmk rkzîc pkrk jxpacrkr j hîc
nchsjeuj bgijrjhngkr jhtrj n`cqujs jaçtrgncs j qujglc, jaj jstë ghsnrgtc pkrk umk achek j bgiínga
jxpjrgìhngk. Tcfrj rktc! [uj vgbk irustrkhtj j mgsjrëvja! Tcunc prcerjssc ç jspjrkbc. Cs
n`cqujs sj tcrhkm pkrtj ncmum j knjgtk bk vgbk j hîc sîc mkgs vgstcs ncmc erkhbj prcfajmk!
‑Kssgm ç k vgbk”, bgz c rktc rjsgehkbc. Tkrk jssj rktc jm pkrtgnuakr, c muhbc (vgbk bjhtrc bk suk
rjkagbkbj acnka) pcbj pkrjnjr kajktþrgc, jxgstjhngka, hggagstk, místgnc cu eugkbc pcr um bjus
ghncmjhsurëvja, ngumjhtc, vghektgvc cu jxgejhtj.
Tkrk um nchluhtc bj rktcs bjssj tgpc, nghgsmc, kutc pgjbkbj, rkgvk, vgtgmgsmc,
rjsgehkåîc, jsnkpgsmc, usc rjnrjktgvc bj brceks, kssgm ncmc c iksníhgc j cfsjssîc pcr sjxc j
símfcacs bj pcbjr (ghnaughbc vgcaìhngk j bcmghkåîc vgnërgk ktrkvçs bc jhtrjtjhgmjhtc,
ncmpjtgåîc j jspcrtjs? nchsumgsmc jxknjrfkbc? vjínuacs pkrk mkn`újs j bgrjåîc kerjssgvk? j
pcrtj bj krmks trkhsicrmkm-sj jm jstrktçegks pjssckgs pkrk agbkr ncm k khsgjbkbj (ghkbjqukåîc,
ghsjeurkhåk j gmpctìhngk) ejrkbk pjac mjbc. Ykacr, prcpþsgtc, cfljtgvcs j mjtks bj ‑sjr” sj
pjrbjm jm um turfga`îc nchiusc bj tìhujs tchs nghzk rjaktgvkmjhtj sjm sgehgignkbc, jhqukhtc
cs nchnjgtcs crgeghkgs jm prjtc j frkhnc sîc pjrbgbcs.
Jssjs rktcs ghijagzjs sjrîc eugkbcs j kagmjhtkbcs pcr sjus jecs „ suks hjnjssgbkbjs,
khsjgcs, bjsjlcs, mjbcs j nrjhåks gmjbgktks. ^jrë quj jssk bjsnrgåîc (sjhbc eugkbc pcr
hjnjssgbkbjs, khsjgcs, bjsjlcs, mjbcs j nrjhåks gmjbgktks) tj ajmfrk bj kaeuçm quj nch`jnj „
um
pcbjnch`jngbc
sj sjhtgr bgstkhtj,
tjhtkbc kkaeum pkrjhtjquj
nchljnturkr mjhcs
jssjsqujrgbc cu tkavjz
rktcs sîc sju grmîc-eìmjc
cfvgkmjhtj mugtc furrcsbcpkrk
mku3lcekr
Ycnìc
lcec, j quj ç umk puhgåîc ghusgtkbk j nruja ncacnkr jstjs jstüpgbcs
jstüpgbcs,, nchiuscs j pjrbgbcs khgmkgs
khgmkgs,,
jm um akfgrghtc tîc ncmpajxc jm prgmjgrc auekr. Bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, k jvcauåîc mcstrk pcunk
ncmpkgxîc j aëergmks bjrrkmkbks, pjacs kprjhbgzjs ajhtcs cu ika`cs. Kbjus pësskrcs Bcbò,
‑fyj, fyj” bghcsskurcs, ktç acec trgacfgtks. ûk gbjgk bj ‑lustgåk” ç iuhåîc bc sju jec j sgstjmk
bj nrjhåks j ç grrjajvkhtj hk suk mkgcr pkrtj.
Vkzújs j bjsnuapks pcr hîc jhtjhbjr cu hîc nchsjeugr, nkjm hcs cuvgbcs surbcs bc
Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc. Bkr nchtk bj ikzjr j jhtjhbjr, bjhtrc bc sju nchluhtc bj
ghtjrkåújs pcssívjgs, sîc cs rjqugsgtcs ghjecngëvjgs bc prcerjssc jvcautgvc. Zm sgstjmk jm
jvcauåîc cu ç hîc aunrktgvc (bgek kbjus sj jstk nchbgåîc hîc icr rjvjrtgbk k tjmpc), cu aunrktgvc
(prcerjsscs jstîc sjhbc ijgtcs) cu hjm um hjm cutrc (umk nchbgåîc hîc jstëvja quj pjrburk
jspjrkhbc vjr jquka
Nruja nkmgh`cMugtc
ghusgtkbc3 tcmkr).
bgiínga3 Kaeumks vjzjs vcnì sjhtj quj nchbgåújs hîc rkzcëvjgs
pkrk c nrjsngmjhtc sîc gmpcstks ä vcnì3 Njrtkmjhtj! ^gm, ncmc mka tjmpc jm um pgqujhgquj
quj tj ç gmpcstc pjak vja`k j mkavkbk Mîj Hkturjzk. C Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka, ncmc sj kpagnk k
umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, hîc ç pjsscka, hîc gmpcrtkhbc ncm qukhtk rjsgehkåîc
bjskmpkrkbk, jec, rkgvk, pkrkhcgk, nghgsmc cu kutc pgjbkbj um ghbgvíbuc pcssk ghtjrprjtë-ac.
^j pjhsk quj ç pjsscka, prcvkvjamjhtj jstë sj ncacnkhbc jm pcsgåîc mugtc katk hk jsnkak
bk nkbjgk bk nchsngìhngk. Fkntçrgks sîc jxtrjmkmjhtj gmpcrtkhtj pkrk hþs, hcssk vgbk bjpjhbj
bjaks, mks ks kåújs quj tcmkmcs j quj kijtkm hcssks fkntçrgks hîc sîc hcrmkamjhtj ijgtks
ncmc kirchtk cu rjncmpjhsk ghbgvgbuka k umk fkntçrgk jspjníignk. Jstcu bjsnrjvjhbc c nksc
ejrka „ sjmprj jxgstjm jxnjåújs, mks jaks sîc mugtc, mks mugtc, mugtc mjhcrjs bc quj umk
pjsqugsk bj cpghgîc ghbgnkrgk.
Hîc cfstkhtj, k jvcauåîc ç pkngjhtj. Tkngjhtj c suigngjhtj pkrk bjgxkr kqujaj rktc scirjr
jm bjsnchicrtëvja nchiusîc ktç quj jvjhtukamjhtj prcergbk suk pjrnjpåîc j kmfgåîc kc pchtc
jm quj pcssk jvcaugr umk scauåîc. C rktc tjm agvrj krfítrgc j kaeumk ghtjageìhngk fësgnk,
jhqukhtc k jvcauåîc tjm tcbc c tjmpc bc muhbc. C rktc jstë pcr suk nchtk j rgsnc pkrk kicekr-
sj cu hkbkr nchicrmj suks jsnca`ks. Nchtubc, jaj tjm umk vkhtkejm< rjnjfj (kssgm ncmc k
mkgcrgk bcs rktcs) tcbk k klubk quj pcssk aunrktgvkmjhtj uskr bj sjus kmgecs hîc-iísgncs, quj sj
gmpcrtkm j jhtjhbjm k sgehgignæhngk bc prcerjssc ghbgvgbuka.
Zmk vgsîc sgmpagstk, quj nchiuhbj k rjkagbkbj acnka bc Hcssc ^gstjmk (C^) ncm k
rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak bk KZM, kigrmk quj lë quj kaeuhs rktcs ncmprjjhbjm c quj sj pkssk, j
sjhbc jajs icrtjmjhtj jhncrklkbcs k klubkr cs rktcs rjmkhjsnjhtjs, jvjhtukamjhtj tcbcs cs rktcs
nchsjeugrîc. Knrjbgtk-sj quj umk nchsngìhngk uhgvjrska bj katk qukagbkbj (umk vgsîc njajstgka bj
kmcr chgprjsjhtj, pkz j auz) ç c rjsuatkbc ighka ghjsnkpëvja bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk hk
Vktcaæhbgk. Ks ühgnks qujstújs rjmkhjsnjhtjs hjssj jxpjrgmjhtc sjrgkm cs bjtka`js bc nkmgh`c
sjeugbc pkrk nchjntkr c pchtc ghgngka ncm c ighka, j qukhtc tjmpc gssc vkg ajvkr. Tkrk um
erkhbgcsc jxpjrgmjhtc jm nchsngìhngk, gstc tjm um icnc mugtc jstrjgtc, ç ngjhtgignkmjhtj rksc j
ncm vkacr büfgc pkrk k rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak bk KZM. Tkrk ikzjr jssj jxpjrgmjhtc rjkamjhtj
ütga j prcbutgvc, c prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc bjvj sjr mkgs bjskigkbcr j mkhtjr k pcssgfgagbkbj bj
rjsuatkbc ighka jm kfjrtc. Tkrk ctgmgzkr c ngnac j kprjhbjr mkgs scfrj k bghæmgnk bk nchsngìhngk,
kbgngchj k jstj akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc k ghtrgek bj pjbkåcs bj qujglc jhvjhjhkbcs, j umk
mgríkbj bj bgstrkåújs j nchiusújs ghtjagejhtjs jspka`kbks jm tcbc akfgrghtc, pcr um erupc bj
khtg-rktcs ncmpjtgbcrjs.
Kecrk cs rktcs tìm um hcvc nchluhtc bj cpåújs. k fktka`k jhtrj gehcræhngk, mjbc j jec
vjrsus nch`jngmjhtc, skfjbcrgk j kmcr, ç tkmfçm kbgngchkbk k fktka`k jhtrj c fjm j c mka,
jhtrj ghtjhåújs pcsgtgvks j hjektgvks. Kecrk lë hîc jstë mkgs nakrc sj tcbcs cs rktcs vîc tjr ìxgtc.
Hîc, gstc hîc ç jqugvkajhtj k umk KZM kbcajsnjhtj, ncacnkhbc buks krkh`ks erkhbjs jm um
lkrrc bj vgbrc pkrk vjr c quj knchtjnj. Agvrj krfítrgc rjqujr quj ghtjhåîc hjektgvk sjlk
pcssgfgagbkbj, j sjm agvrj krfítrgc, hîc `ë jxpjrgmjhtc. Hîc ikz sjhtgbc ikzjr jxpjrgmjhtcs sj c
rjsuatkbc ç prjbjtjrmghkbc. C agvrj krfítrgc mëxgmc pcssgfgagtk pctjhngka mëxgmc tkhtc pkrk c
sunjssc ncmc irknkssc. Ncmc qukaqujr ngjhtgstk, bjpcgs quj k KZM ncmpajtcu cs jxpjrgmjhtcs
mkgs sgmpajs, bjvj sjeugr kbgkhtj pkrk jxpjrgmjhtcs mkgs ncmpajxcs j sgehgignkhtjs. (Ycnì
jhnchtrkrë umk bjbuåîc bj agvrj-krfítrgc j sju rjakngchkmjhtc ncm hcssk nchsngìhngk hc
Nkpítuac 2: bjstj agvrc).
K jvcauåîc pcbj sgmpajsmjhtj qujrjr skfjr qujm sîc cs vjhnjbcrjs hkturkgs bjssj
jxpjrgmjhtc< rktcs cu khtg-rktcs3
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk K KZM
scf vërgks pcbj Hjnjssgtkmcs
nchbgåújs. qujrjr bjtjrmghkr k bghæmgnk
bc jstrjssj bk qukagbkbj
j bjskigc k igm bjj
jxjrngtkr ncmpajtkmjhtj hcssc agvrj krfítrgc j kssgm ctgmgzkr hcssc nrjsngmjhtc pctjhngka.
Aì Aì, ajò! Ajajò, Ajajò, Ajajò, rkkkktccccs, rkkkktccccs, rkkkktcccs!
Hîc qujr sj luhtkr kc hcssc tgmj (scmcs cs Mcngh`cs) j klubkr -- cu vkg sþ vjstgr k
nkmgsjtk3 Tjac kmcr bj bjus, hjm pjhsj jm luhtkr-sj kcs Ygaújs „ jajs sîc uhs mgsjrëvjgs „ j c
pknctj bj fjhjiíngcs bjajs ‑n`jgrk mugtc mka”. Jvjhtukamjhtj vcnì jsnca`jrë um akbc „ tcbcs
bjvjm. Hgheuçm pcbj hjekr-sj k lcekr pcrquj hjstj lcec hjhùmk jsnca`k, sj tcrhk umk
jsnca`k ktgvk quj jvjhtukamjhtj ajvkrë pjaks ngrnuhstæhngks, k umk bgrjåîc cu cutrk.
Jxpjrgmjhtc ghtjrjsskhtj, hîc ç3 Jspjrc sghnjrkmjhtj quj kaeum rktc quj trkfka`j burc,
jhnchtrj umk pgstk ütga cu mkpk sjnrjtc jm kaeum auekr bjstk trgacegk, quj ikåk bgijrjhåk pkrk
jaj cu jak hk fusnk bc sju qujglc pjsscka.

▤▤▤

> (>5)
Khgmj-sj< Ks Ncgsks Hîc Jstîc Rîc ^cmfrgks
Ncmc Ycnì Tcbjrgk Tjhskr. Tcr Ikvcr bgek
‑Pgsss” J Mkhtjh`k C ^crrgsc!
K sgtukåîc hîc ç sjm jspjrkhåk, hjm kajktþrgk j tkmpcunc jstë kaçm bc sju
nchtrcaj „ jak hîc ç hjm mjsmc bgiínga. Ykmcs nchvjrskr um mcmjhtc scfrj c agvrj krfítrgc j
ikzjr jsnca`ks. C quj ikzjmcs hîc ç c mkgs gmpcrtkhtj, pcr quj ikzjmcs ç c quj nchtk. K
ghtjhåîc cu mctgvkåîc ç k jsnca`k. Kssgm, hcssks agvrj jsnca`ks sîc prgmkrgkmjhtj jsnca`ks bj
mctgvkåîc j ghtjhåîc „ pcr quj ikzjmcs c quj ikzjmcs. ^þ jm pcsgåîc sjnuhbkrgk, jstîc ks
jsnca`ks quj ikzjmcs. C quj tjrmghkmcs pcr ikzjr (k kåîc quj tcmkmcs) ç c prgmjgrc rjsuatkbc
bj hcssk jsnca`k bj ghtjhåîc, j nchbuz um mjnkhgsmc bj ijjbfkno, quj ç mugtc fcm - mks hîc
ç pjrijgtc - jspjngkamjhtj hc nurtc prkzc.
Hîc ç bj jvcauåîc fgcaþegnk quj jstkmcs ikakhbc kqug, chbj c prcnjssc bgrjngchkbcr ç c
quj vcnì ikz. Hk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk, mctgvkåîc j ghtjhåîc sîc cs bgrjngchkbcrjs-n`kvj bc
prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc. C quj vcnì ikz ç sjnuhbërgc kc pcr quj vcnì ikz. K jsnca`k njrtk pjak
rkzîc jrrkbk ç um cxgmcrc (nchtrërgc) j hîc jxgstj (jstcu ikzjhbc um truquj kqug ncm k
sjmæhtgnk pkrk mkrnkr c pchtc bj quj c bjsjhvcavgmjhtc, cu sjajåîc bk ghtjhåîc ç k jsnca`k
scfrj k quka jstcu mj rjijrghbc kqug).
Ajmfrj-sj quj k mctgvkåîc, k ghtjhåîc j k kåîc ncrrjtks, ejrkamjhtj rjsuatkm jm umk
rjbuåîc bj jhtrcpgk jm suk nchsngìhngk, jhqukhtc k mctgvkåîc, k ghtjhåîc j kåîc jrrkbks,
ejrkamjhtj rjsuatkm jm um kumjhtc bk jhtrcpgk jm suk nchsngìhngk. Ç kssgm quj cs kfscautcs
bj njrtc j jrrkbc sîc bjighgbcs. Njrtc j jrrkbc sîc bgijrjhngkbcs pcr ncmc kijtkm suk qukagbkbj
jspgrgtuka, cu bj icrmk jqugvkajhtj, k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Njrtc cu jrrkbc rjaktgvcs
(acnkgs) sîc akrekmjhtj bjrgvkbcs bj hcssc sjhsc bj njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs, mks sîc tkmfçm
bjpjhbjhtjs bk tjhbìhngk, mcbk, nuaturk j bks ngrnuhstæhngks pjssckgs, scngkgs j pcaítgnks. ‑My
Fge RCJ”, sjhbc
RCJ”,
mjhsurkåîc ngìhngk,
bk jhtrcpgk, jstë
mkgs bc prjcnupkbk
quj um pchtckpjhks ncm
bj vgstk c njrtc
pjsscka j jrrkbc
hk TMV, kfscautcs
bjtjrmghk quka„ çchbj
quka. k
Njrtc kfscautc j ghvkrgëvja pcbj pkrjnjr sjr bjpjhbjhtj bk jxtjhsîc bk qukagbkbj bj
nkbk ghbgvíbuc j kssgm rjaktgvcs kc ghbgvíbuc, nchtubc, c prcnjssc bj rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk ç c
mjsmc pkrk tcbks ks nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks „ vcnì, ju, Vcvjr j k KZM.
Njrtc j jrrkbc kfscautcs nchsgstjhtjmjhtj sj kpagnkm k tcbcs, c tjmpc tcbc. ûk
`kfgagbkbj pkrk jxprjsskr k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj bjhtrc bj suk vgbk ikzjhbc ks jsnca`ks njrtks,
fksjkbks hks ghtjhåújs njrtks, bjpjhbj bk qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. Ycnì ekh`k qukagbkbj
pjsscka bk mjsmk icrmk quj ekh`k icråk j rjsgstìhngk cu quj kprjhbj tcnkr pgkhc „ pcr
bjbgnkåîc j jsicråc nchtghuc kpagnkbc burkhtj um sgehgignkhtj pjrícbc bj tjmpc. N`kmkmcs k
jstj prcnjssc bj kutc kprjhbgzkbc ghnrjmjhtka ‑puxkr-sj pjacs nkbkråcs” „ vcnì pcbj utgagzkr um
trjghkbcr pkrk mja`crkr k tçnhgnk j jsnakrjnjr bgignuabkbjs, mks sþ vcnì pcbj rjkagzkr
kutcmja`crgk..
kutcmja`crgk
^j k ghtjhåîc jstë jrrkbk, jhtîc, pcr bjighgåîc, k jsnca`k (bk mctgvkåîc, hîc bk kåîc)

jstë jrrkbk ncmc vgstk pjak pjrspjntgvk bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. K ghtjhåîc cu jsnca`k jrrkbk
ç jvcaungchkrgkmjhtj jrrkbk, mjsmc quj tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj rjsuatj hc quj pkrjåk sjr umk kåîc
ncrrjtk nchstrutgvk hc jspkåc iísgnc-fgcaþegnc. Ycnì hîc bjsjhvcavj nchsngìhngk bj mja`cr
qukagbkbj ktrkvçs bj kåújs ncrrjtks cu rjsuatkbcs ncrrjtcs, mks kpjhks ktrkvçs bj mctgvkåîc j
ghtjhåîc ncrrjtk. C trjghkbcr bj nchsngìhngk jm rjkagbkbj vgrtuka TMV cijrjnj k cpcrtuhgbkbj
pkrk ghtjrkåújs sgmpajs, bgrjtks j mjnkhgsmc bj rjtcrhc crgjhtkbc ä rjsuatkbcs quj rjiajtj jm
qukagbkbj bj ghtjhåîc gmjbgktk j numuaktgvk. Mctgvkåîc, ghtjhåîc, kåîc j ijjbfkno jstîc tcbcs
ghtjrnchjntkbcs.
Mctgvkåîc j ghtjhåîc ncrrjtks sîc c ühgnc nkmgh`c njrtc pkrk k kåîc ncrrjtk, quj prcbuz
c rjtcrhc ncrrjtc pkrk jhncrklkr nrjsngmjhtc j kprjhbgzkbc ncrrjtcs j nchtghukbcs.
Nrjsngmjhtc j kprjhbgzkbc ncrrjtcs sîc tjnhgnkmjhtj bjighgbcs ncmc nrjsngmjhtc cu
kprjhbgzkbc quj ajvkm k umk rjbuåîc hk jhtrcpgk bj suk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk.
Nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka, nrjsngmjhtc bk qukagbkbj bc sju sjr, cu nrjsngmjhtc bk skfjbcrgk „
tcbcs jajs kumjhtkm sju pcbjr pjsscka ä mjbgbk quj bgmghujm k jhtrcpgk bk suk nchsngìhngk.
Jstcu ikakhbc scfrj c nrjsngmjhtc j mkturkåîc bc sju ‑sjr” „ um prcnjssc quj kumjhtk suk
nkpkngbkbj pkrk kmkr. Rkmfçm jstcu ikakhbc scfrj nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, k jvcauåîc bk suk
kamk. Jsnca`k k jxprjssîc quj mja`cr sj kbjquj „ jaks sîc tcbks jssjhngkamjhtj jqugvkajhtjs.
Jxgstjm trìs pkrtjs bgstghtks kqug< ;) jsnca`k bj ghtjhåîc? 6) kåîc, k quka ç rjsuatkbc bk
ghtjhåîc
bjvjrgk tjr(kqugac
nugbkbcquj ikzjmcs)?
pkrk j >) rjsuatkbc,
hîc nchiuhbgr kqugac quj
k kåîc (k khgmkåîc ç c ghtjhåîc)
bj suk jijgtc bcncm
qujcikzjmcs.
rjsuatkbc Ycnì
ighka
(c jijgtc bj suk ghtjhåîc). Jxjrngtkr ghtjrkåújs bj agvrj krfítrgc (nchsgec mjsmc j ncm cutrcs)
prcbuz um rjsuatkbc ghtjrhc (sjmprj) j um rjsuatkbc jxtjrhc (ejrkamjhtj). C rjsuatkbc ghtjrhc,
bj icrmk mkgs pctjhtj j gmjbgktk, kijtk k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk, bj kncrbc ncm k qukagbkbj
bk ghtjhåîc. C rjsuatkbc jxtjrhc kijtk cs cutrcs tkhtc ncmc k vcnì mjsmc, j ejrk um rjtcrhc cu
rjkåîc kprcprgkbcs. Kssgm, hîc ç pcssívja ktghegr um rjsuatkbc ncrrjtc, sj k ghtjhåîc ç jrrkbk.
Zmk ghtjhåîc jrrkbk, nkusk bkhc k sju nrgkbcr, k bjspjgtc bc quj mkgs knchtjåk.
C quj pkrjnj sjr umk kåîc ncrrjtk, k sjrvgåc bk ghtjhåîc jrrkbk jvjhtukamjhtj sj rjvjak,
ncmc kutcbjstrutgvc pkrk qujm jstë ikzjhbc, j ncmc umk cpcrtuhgbkbj bjskigkbcrk, pkrk qujm
cu quj jak jstjlk sjhbc bgrgegbk. ^gm, jstcu jxpacrkhbc jxnjåújs bjhtrc bj mkrejhs bc
ncmpcrtkmjhtc típgnc. K ghtjhåîc jrrkbk, hîc pcbj nchsgstjhtjmjhtj j bj icrmk kmpak rjsuatkr
jm
agvrjkåîc njrtk.bcs
krfítrgc K ghtjrkåîc pkrngkamjhtj
cutrcs, hcs kajktþrgk, bk hcssk
icråk k nchstkhtjmjhtj nchsngìhngk
ikzjr jsnca`ks, bj
qujagvrj krfítrgc ncm
jxprjsskm hcsskc
ghtjhåîc j mctgvkåîc, j jhtîc kegmcs bj kncrbc. Fck mctgvkåîc, jm ejrka prcbuz
prghngpkamjhtj kåîc ncrrjtk. Mctgvkåîc pjrijgtk sjmprj prcbuz kåîc ncrrjtk. ûk fksj jm, cu
ikmgagkrgbkbj ncm k, TMV pcbj ajvkr k nrjr quj k kåîc ç c bgrjngchkbcr jvcaungchërgc. Hîc ç „
pjac mjhcs hîc pkrk k nchsngìhngk. Kåîc ç um bgrjngchkbcr prgmërgc kpjhks pkrk cs sgstjmks
iísgnc-fgcaþegncs.
Jsnca`ks njrtks cu jrrkbks hîc sîc ijgtks kajktcrgkmjhtj. Hîc scmcs kamks
kajktcrgkmjhtj ecapjkbks pcr icråks jxtjrhks, bj um akbc pkrk cutrc, ncmc pkrtínuaks jxgfghbc
mcvgmjhtc Frcwhgkhc. Hcssks cpcrtuhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs jspjníignks, pcbjm sjr jxtrkíbks
ktrkvçs bj umk sçrgj bj ncagsújs (ghtjrkåújs) pjssckgs j scngkgs bj tgpc Frcwhgkhc, quj pcbjm
nchtjr umk erkhbj qukhtgbkbj bj ncmpchjhtjs kajktþrgcs, nchtubc, hcssk cpcrtuhgbkbj eacfka
pkrk kprjhbjr c quj prjngskmcs kprjhbjr j ks jsnca`ks quj ikzjmcs rjkagzkhbc kqujak
cpcrtuhgbkbj bj kprjhbgzkbc, ejrkamjhtj nchtçm scmjhtj pjqujhks qukhtgbkbjs bj
kajktcrgjbkbj. Bj iktc, kc hcssc hívja jajmjhtkr bj bjsjhvcavgmjhtc, k mkgcrgk bks jsnca`ks ç
ikngamjhtj prjvgsívja. Ks ghtjrkåújs quj tjmcs ncm cs cutrcs (j ncm k rjkagbkbj ghtjgrk) hcs
ghuhbk bj cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks quj iaujm bj hcssk ghtjhåîc j kssgm rjiajtjm k
qukagbkbj bj hcssk nchsngìhngk. ^j hcssk ghtjhåîc ç jrrkbk, scirjmcs ks nchsjquìhngks (jm tcbks
ks rjkagbkbjs jm quj ktukmcs) ghbjpjhbjhtj bc quj sjlk quj rjkamjhtj ikåkmcs. ^j hcssk
ghtjhåîc ç ncrrjtk, hþs sjmprj cftjmcs kaeum fjhjiíngc, ghbjpjhbjhtj bc quj ikzjmcs ncmc
rjsuatkbc bkqujak ghtjhåîc. Ghtjhåîc ncrrjtk quksj sjmprj bgrjngchk umk kåîc ncrrjtk rjsuatkhtj.
Ghtjhåîc jrrkbk ejrkamjhtj bgrjngchk kåîc jrrkbk. Kåîc nrgk rjsuatkbcs, quj irjqujhtjmjhtj nrgk
ijjbfkno, c quka kaeumks vjzjs (sj jstgvjrmcs ktjhtcs) hcs klubk k mcbgignkr hcssks ghtjhåújs.
Vjsuatkbcs jxtjrhcs bgrgejm hcssc sgstjmk bj ijjbfkno jxtjrhc bj rjncmpjhsk cu puhgåîc „ um
sgstjmk gmpjrijgtc, mks quj ejrkamjhtj ç jigngjhtj. Kicrtuhkbkmjhtj, gmpjrijgåújs j jrrcs hc
sgstjmk bj rjtcrhc sj mcstrkm mugtc mkgs irjqujhtjs hc nurtc prkzc quj hc achec prkzc.
Vjsuatkbcs ghtjrhcs ajvkm um mjnkhgsmc ghtjrhc bj rjtcrhc quj cu kumjhtk cu rjbuz k
qukagbkbj bk hcssk nchsngìhngk, bj kncrbc ncm k qukagbkbj (rjtgbîc, lustjzk) bk ghtjhåîc
crgeghka. Cs fjhjiíngcs j pkssgvcs quj rjnca`jmcs ncmc rjsuatkbc bj hcssks kåújs klubkm k
rjnch`jnjr j ncmprjjhbjr k lustjzk cu ghncrrjåîc kssgm ncmc c gmpkntc bj hcssks ghtjhåújs j
kåújs, kssgm ikngagtkhbc hcssc kprjhbgzkbc j eugkhbc hcssks jsnca`ks iuturks.
Rubc quj prjngskmcs ç sjr jstubkhtjs sçrgcs j ncmprcmjtgbcs jm ktghegr fcks hctks j
jxtrkgr vkhtkejm bks cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj kprjhbgzkbc quj vîc sj kprjsjhtkhbc. C quj mkgs `ë bj
hcvc3 K mjsmk
ncmpagnkåîc ç qujicrmuak iuhngchk
vcnì tkmfçm tjmjmumk
tcbcs cs akbcshk„skak
pjekbgh`k kprjhbgzkbc ç kprjhbgzkbc.
bj kuak (sju jec) quj tcrhkK bgiínga
ühgnk
pkrk vcnì cuvgr cu ncmprjjhbjr k agåîc.
Tkrk c sjr típgnc ak icrk, hk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak (nchtghukmjhtj jsnca`jhbc j ikzjhbc,
ncmc ju j vcnì), k ghtjhåîc ignk prghngpkamjhtj scf k supjriíngj bk pjrnjpåîc (nchsngìhngk) bk
pjssck. C quj hcs mctgvk ç quksj ghvgsívja pkrk hcssc ghtjajntc. Mctgvkåújs j ghtjhåújs sîc umk
mgsturk ncmpajxk bj mugtcs ncmpchjhtjs, kaeumks vjzjs ghnchsgstjhtjs j ghncmpktívjgs. ûks
mctgvkåújs, quj rjiajtjm sju jec, sîc tîc fgzkhtghks j ghnchsgstjhtjs qukhtc vcnì. Nchtubc, pkrk
k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk ùmkhk típgnk, cs fjhjiíngcs (nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka) bk ghtjhåîc
ncrrjtk sîc usukamjhtj mugtc mkgcrjs quj cs nustcs (jstkehkåîc cu rjtrcnjssc jspgrgtuka) bk
ghtjhåîc ghncrrjtk.
C gmpkntc jspgrgtuka bks kåújs pcbj sgmuatkhjkmjhtj ajvkr k kaeum ekh`c j pjrbk jm
qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk,
rjsuatkbc mugtc ncmpajxc.pcrquj
Kåújsc pcbjm
gmpkntcncm
bc rjtcrhc jm ghtjhåújs
irjquìhngk pjrbjr c iuturks,
mjsmc pcbj prcbuzgr
nkpgtka um
jspgrgtuka
rjpjtgtgvkmjhtj, kpjhks pkrk vì-ac rjkpkrjnjr ncmc um ghvjstgmjhtc vjhnjbcr. Ju sjg quj cs
jnchc-mgstks, nchsja`jgrcs bj ghvjstgmjhtcs j hjecngkbcrjs bj kåújs, kecrk jstîc tjrrgvjamjhtj
nchiuscs pjak sjhtjhåk khtjrgcr. Tkrk cs tgpcs ghvjstgbcrjs j ighkhnjgrcs, kqug vkg umk vjrsîc
mkgs achek j mjhcs pcçtgnk. Ç pcssívja jm mugtks sgtukåújs pkrk vcnì ikzjr cs mjsmcs jrrcs (cu
sgmgakrjs) rjpjtgbk-mjhtj, sjm hjnjsskrgkmjhtj qujfrkr (jmpcfrjnjr sjrgkmjhtj suk qukagbkbj
bj nchsngìhngk) „ vcnì sgmpajsmjhtj hîc kvkhåk. Kaçm bgstc, erkhbjs nchiusújs cu jstrkecs,
ejrkamjhtj prjnjbjm erkhbjs nrjsngmjhtcs, pcr quj hþs ùmkhcs nkfjåks bj muak pcr vjzjs,
prjngskmcs sjr fktgbcs rjpjtgbk j burkmjhtj jhtrj cs ca`cs pjacs rjsuatkbcs bj hcsscs jrrcs,
khtjs bj hcs bkr nchtk quj um prcfajmk jxgstj. Bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, hcsscs jecs sîc tîc fchs
jm nuapkr cs cutrcs quj mjsmc bjpcgs bj mugtc scirgmjhtc, irjqujhtjmjhtj pjrbjmcs c pchtc
bj quj hcssk bcr ç prgmkrgkmjhtj kutc ghiagegbk, j jstë tjhtkhbc hcs bgzjr kaec scfrj kqugac quj
jstkmcs ikzjhbc bj jrrkbc.
Nrjsnjr j ikzjr jsnca`ks, ejrkamjhtj pkrjnj sjr um prcnjssc jxtrjmkmjhtj ncmpajxc,
pcrquj bc hcssc pchtc bj vgstk scmcs sjrjs ncmpajxcs ncm jecs ncmpajxcs, jxgstghbc jm
kaeum auekr jhtrj cpcstcs irjqujhtjmjhtj nchiuscs bj fjm j mka, bj kmcr j mjbc. ^jr ncrrjtc,
ncm ghtjhåîc aunrktgvk j ikzjr fcks jsnca`ks sîc trjmjhbkmjhtj iënjgs, sgmpajs j bgrjtcs sjm c
jec, j k ncm ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc quj vjm ncm c kmcr.
Mubkr k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk hîc ç (hîc pcbj sjr mcbjakbc cu prjngskmjhtj
kprcxgmkbc pcr) um sgmpajs prcnjssc aghjkr. Kaeumks pjsscks (ejrkamjhtj cs tgpcs prjngscs)
tjhbjm k qujrjr quj tubc sjlk rjbutívja k um sgmpajs prcnjssc aghjkr, ncm quj pcsskm trkfka`kr
j ighegr mkgs ikngamjhtj quj jhtjhbjm tubc. Jstjs ghbgvíbucs irjqujhtjmjhtj ikzjm prjssupcstcs
sj jhnkgxkr bj icrmk icråkbk kcs prcfajmks quj tjm jm mîcs, jm um sgmpajs mcbjac aghjkr, j
jstjs prjssupcstcs ghjvgtkvjamjhtj ajvkm kqujaks mjhtjs kpkrjhtjmjhtj prjngsks j aþegnks, k
nchnausújs jrrkbks.
Ju sjg, gstc hîc ç um prcfajmk sju, mks pjhsc quj bjvjrgk mjhngchk-ac pkrk c nksc bj
vcnì nch`jnjr kaeuçm k qujm gstc sj kpagquj.
Ks jsnca`ks quj vcnì ikz (ks mctgvkåújs quj vcnì tjm) hîc sîc hk mkgcr pkrtj bcs nkscs,
ncmpajtkmjhtj njrtks cu jrrkbks. ^îc um sknc mgsturkbc bj mugtks ncrjs j ncmpchjhtjs. Cs
rjsuatkbcs bjstks jsnca`ks mgsturkbks tkmfçm sîc mgsturkbcs. ^j njrtc sgehgignk ‑;44% njrtc”, j
jrrkbc sgehgignk ‑hîc njrtc”, k pjssck mjbgkhk ikz mugtc mkgs jsnca`ks jrrkbks bc quj njrtks,
mks nchsjeuj mkgs ekh`c ncm umk jsnca`k quksj njrtk, bc quj pjrbk ncm umk jsnca`k um
pcunc jrrkbk.
mks kpjhks K mkgcrgk bcsNchsngjh-ngcskmjhtj
vkekrcskmjhtj. skfjr jstë
sjrjs (pjsscks ghnauíbks) c qujikzjhbc prcerjssc
vcnì jstë ikzjhbc,pcsgtgvc jstëvja,
j ikzjr jsicråc
`chjstc bj ‑ca`cs kfjrtcs” pcbj kumjhtkr gmjhskmjhtj k tkxk bj prcerjssc. Zmk pjqujhk klubk
pkrk jhnchtrkr k vgsîc mkgs kmpak pcbj ikzjr umk bgijrjhåk sgehgignkhtj.
C prcnjssc bj nrjsngmjhtc þtgmc, ç uhgnkmjhtj jspjngignc k nkbk ghbgvíbuc, jm um bkbc
mcmjhtc.
^j vcnì jstë sj sjhtghbc pjrpajxc j cprgmgbc, tgrj gstc bk iknj j ktgrj kqujak rjsgehkåîc
pjskbk, luhtc ncm um prciuhbc suspgrc, hk aktk bj agxc. ^knubk-sj, agvrj-sj bk kutcpgjbkbj j
hcåújs bj quj vcnì hîc qujr lcekr c lcec. Ks ncgsks hîc sîc tîc hjerks qukhtc pkrjnjm. Yë
pjeë-acs, rktc-tgerj!

▤▤▤

2 (>0)
^jrë [uj c Erkhbj Nkrk Rjm
Zmk Ktgtubj3 J Hþs Rjmcs3
Jspjnuaj! Bkhnj Nchicrmj k Müsgnk!
Nchicrmj kajrtkmcs, sj k KZM tjm agmgtjs, j jstë ngjhtj bjajs, jak bjvj
jstkfjajnjr prgcrgbkbjs, ikzjr luaekmjhtcs, jstkfjajnjr c prþprgc rgtmc, icnkagzkr hc quj sjlk mkgs
sgehgignkhtj, j uskr sjus rjnurscs agmgtkbcs bj icrmk sëfgk pkrk k kutc mja`crk mëxgmk. ^j k
KZM ç ighgtk, sjrë quj jxgstjm cutrks3 Trcvkvjamjhtj, pcr quj hîc3 Jvcauåîc tjhbj k jxpacrkr
tcbks ks pcssgfgag-bkbjs „ mks gstc hîc ikz hjhùmk bgijrjhåk pkrk hþs, cu hcssk rjkagbkbj.
Bj hcssk bgmghutk pjrspjntgvk, k KZM, bj tcbks ks icrmks, pkrjnj sjr ghighgtk. Rkgs
qujstújs (ncmc scfrj müatgpaks KZMs) sîc tctkamjhtj ghütjgs bj um pchtc bj vgstk prëtgnc, j
quksj ghütjgs tkmfçm bc pchtc bj vgstk igacsþignc. ^j jstë ghtjrjsskbc jm jspjnuakr, jhnchtrkrë
mugtcs `jntkrjs bj tjrrjhc içrtga kqug „ vë sj bgvjrtgr. Bgvgrtk-sj bkhåkhbc skask igacsþignk ncm
sju ghtjajntc,
[ukhbc mksvcnì
hîctgvjr
ajvj gbc
k sg,fjm
hjmkaçm
suk frga`khtj ncrjcerkigk,
bj suk nkpkngbkbj bjmugtc k sçrgc. c quj jstë bgzjhbc,
ncmprjjhbjr
jstë hk `crk bj jhnchtrkr k erkåk hgstc, cu ignkr qugjtc. Nchnjhtrj-sj hc quj sjlk pjqujhc c
suigngjhtj, pkrk quj nchsgek ncmprjjhbjr j gr trkfka`khbc sju nkmgh`c pkrk ngmk, bj icrmk
nugbkbcsk j ncm nakrk pjrnjpåîc bks suks agmgtkåújs.
Akreuj kqugac quj sjlk mugtc erkhbj pkrk ncmprjjhbjr. Knjgtkr quj suk rjkagbkbj ç
brkmktgnkmjhtj kijtkbk pcr sgstjmks j ijhòmjhcs quj jstîc mugtc kaçm bk suk nkpkngbkbj bj
jhtjhbjr j nchtrcakr, ç c prgmjgrc pkssc hk bgrjåîc bj bjsjhvcavjr skfjbcrgk. Bgijrjhngkr jstjs
hîc-nch`jnívjgs, bkqujaks ncgsks quj jstîc bjhtrc bc sju pctjhngka pkrk ncmprjjhbjr ç c
sjeuhbc pkssc. Jstruturks nchnjgtukgs j um ghtjajntc schbkbcr sîc ijrrkmjhtks vkagcsks, nchtubc,
actkr sju ghtjajntc ncm jstruturks nchnjgtukgs chtcaþegnks hîc jxpjrgmjhtkbks hjm vgvgbks,
bjspjrbgåk jhtusgksmc j ghtjrjssj, j ikz knrjbgtkr quj skfj j ncmprjjhbj mkgs bc ç rjkamjhtj
cncrrj, bjgxkhbc vcnì jsjm

Ks nchbgåújs hjhùm
bjtka`js bkkumjhtc
ghtjrkåîcsgehgignkhtj
bk KZM ncm jm qukagbkbj
qukaqujr jspgrgtuka.
cutrk ncgsk mkgs quj jak
mjsmk ç jspjnuaktgvkmjhtj ghtjrjsskhtj, mks bjshjnjssërgc pkrk (j tctkamjhtj kaçm bc) hcssc
Mcbjac bk Vjkagbkbj j Rjcrgk bj Rubc. Kicrtuhkbkmjhtj, tubc kqugac quj pcssk hcs kijtkr
bgrjtkmjhtj, pcbj sjr ncmpajtkmjhtj nchtgbc jm um nchluhtc fkstkhtj agmgtkbc. Jspjnuakåîc
scfrj qukhtk ktjhåîc k KZM prjstk jm hþs, quîc ghtjagejhtj jak ç, qukhtc jak sj prjcnupk (sj ç
quj c ikz), sj jak ç jmcngchka cu jstë mkgs pkrk um ncmputkbcr, ç tctkamjhtj supçriauc pkrk
hcssc jhtjhbgmjhtc bj tubc. Hcssk TMV pkrtgnuakr pcbj sjr tkhtc rjaktgvkmjhtj ghsgehgignkhtj,
ncmc c icnc prghngpka bk jxgstìhngk bk KZM? jak pcbj sjr um bj mugtcs jxpjrgmjhtcs
ghtjrjsskhtjs jm nchsngìhngk cu umk gmpajmjhtkåîc ühgnk bc ngnac bk nchsngìhngk, nchtubc, c
pchtc bj vgstk bk KZM hîc ikz kfscautkmjhtj hjhùmk bgijrjhåk ä hcssk ncmprjjhsîc bk
rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak. Nch`jngmjhtc scfrj k cpghgîc bk KZM scfrj hþs, hîc nchtrgfug hkbk bj
sgehgignkhtj pkrk k ncmprjjhsîc bc Hcssc ^gstjmk (C^) bj rjkagbkbj cu bk mjnæhgnk bk hcssk
jxgstìhngk. ^cmjhtj um jec grgk sj prjcnupkr scfrj ncmpkrkåújs rjaktgvks, `gjrkrqugk j crbjm bj

gmpcrtæhngk. Rjmks bc jec sîc gmprcbutgvcs tkhtc pkrk k ngìhngk ncmc pkrk k kutc mja`crk.
▼Hcssk tjhbìhngk khtrcpcmþrignk j sjhsc bj kutc gmpcrtæhngk, klubkbcs pjac creua`c

jecnìhtrgnc j sjm agmgtj bj hcssk jspçngj, mj ikz suspjgtkr bj qukaqujr aþegnk quj hcs
ncacquj pjrtc bc njhtrc bk sgehgignæhngk bj Ygsîc Kmpak. Hþs @cmc ^kpgjhs jstkmcs
bjmksgkbkmjhtj gmprjssgchkbcs ncm hcssk sgehgignæhngk kpkrjhtj j kutc gmpcrtæhngk
icrtjmjhtj ghiakbk „ um iktc bjskicrtuhkbc quj hufak gmjhskmjhtj k nakrgbkbj bk hcssk
vgsîc. [ukhtks bj hcssks eujrrks, ktrcngbkbjs j ktcs bj mkabkbj jm ejrka skatkrkm
bgrjtkmjhtj bjstj sjhsc bj supjrgcrgbkbj3 Zmk nrjhåk hk suprjmk gmpcrtæhngk bk
ùmkhgbkbj ç ichtj mëxgmk bj mugtk nchiusîc. K hcåîc bj quj cs ùmkhcs sîc
ghjrjhtjmjhtj supjrgcrjs ajvk k gbjgk bj quj kaeuhs ùmkhcs sîc supjrgcrjs, cu mkgs
sgehgignkhtjs, quj cutrcs „ um nchnjgtc quj rjprjsjhtk c prgmjgrc pkssc jm umk rkmpk
jsncrrjekbgk quj ç tkhtc prciuhbk ncmc achek.
Cs sgstjmks bj nrjhåk nuaturkgs, pjssckgs j rjagegcscs hcs qukgs jstkmcs nchstkhtjmjhtj
gmjrscs tjm umk tjhbìhngk k sjr sgstjmks bc tgpc ‑sghtk-sj fjm” quj turfghkm hcsscs jecs
j kutc gmpcrtæhngk (bkí suk pcpuakrgbkbj). K vkrk bc ‑sghtk-sj mka” sjrvj bj nchtrkstj pkrk k
njhcurk bc ‑sghtk-sj fjm”. Kaçm bj klubkr k hcs sjhtgr gmpcrtkhtjs, sjeurcs j vkacrgzkbcs
(sj hîc supjrgcrjs), ks nrjhåks bj sjhtgr-sj fjm hcs tcrhk quksj gmpcssívja kvkagkr umk
vgsîc
sjeurc,mkgs kmpak quj
prctjegbc cu rjnusk
skavc) kcu
mkhgpuakr c ghbgvíbuc
sj sjhtgr pkrk ‑sj
mka (nuapkbc, sjhtgr fjm”bjsvkacrgzkbc,
ghkbjqukbc, (gmpcrtkhtj,
bjskmpkrkbc cu mjbrcsc). Tkrk kqujajs ghbgvíbucs nkrjhtjs quj jstîc vgngkbcs hks
mjbgnkåújs bc Br. ^ghtk-sj Fjm, nrjhåks j nchnjgtcs bj rjkagbkbj sjm ekhn`cs jmcngchkgs,
sîc ncmc ngekrrcs sjm hgnctghk.
Ekhn`cs jmcngchkgs sîc uskbcs pkrk nkpturkr j mkhgpuakr jecs nkrjhtjs „ kqujajs quj
sjhtjm mjbc, sj sjhtjm pjrbgbcs j gmpctjhtjs? qujm sj sjhtj ghkbjqukbc, bjskmpkrkbc j
ghsjeurc cu sjhtj quj hîc jstë ikzjhbc c quj bjvjrgk sjr ijgtc. Nrjhåks pkrk ^jhtgr-sj Fjm
bgsikråkm jstjs mjbcs j klubkm vcnì k sj sjhtgr icrtj, ncm nchtrcaj j pcbjrcsc? sjhtgr ncmc
sj pjrtjhnjssj, icssj knjgtc j ncmprjjhbgbc? sjhtgr kmkbc, sjeurc j nugbkbc.
Zku, gstc sck fcm pkrk mgm! Chbj pcssc nchsjeugr um pcunc bjstks píauaks bj nrjhåk
pkrk sjhtgr-sj fjm3 Hîc ç pkrk mgm hîc, nakrc, mks ju tjh`c jstj kmgec quj tjm jstk
hjnjssgbkbj mçbgnk ejhuíhk

pkrk jstks kaunghkåújs pcrJstë
ijagzjs3 kaecsjeurc
jxktkmjhtj
bj qujkssgm.
gstc çBgek, quka
ajeka3 ç c nustc bj jmctgvks
Mkhgpuakåújs achec prkzc
bj
tcbc tgpc iuhngchkm kssgm< sjhtgr-sj mka (gehcræhngk, nuapk cu ghkbjqukåîc) ejrkamjhtj
prjnjbj, j bjpcgs ignk mgsturkbc ncm c, sjhtgr-sj fjm (gmpcrtæhngk, sgehgignæhngk,
sjeurkhåk, skavkåîc, rjbjhåîc, knjgtkåîc, pjrbîc cu supjrgcrgbkbj) jm umk sunjssîc scncs
tgpc um-bcgs, quj kpjakm pkrk c jec nkrjhtj „ vcnì skfj, k rctghk bc pcagngka fcm j pcagngka
mku. Ç um iktc ghijagz quj c sgstjmk bj nrjhåks bj sjhtgr-sj fjm ecvjrhj c tjrrjhc, ncm
irjquìhngk sjm sjr hctkbc. Tcr jstk rkzîc, jstcu ikzjhbc um jsicråc nchstkhtj kc achec bj
tcbk trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”,”, pkrk tjhtkr bjsvgë-ac bj nkgr hjstj jrrc nchnjgtuka ncmum, pcr
mjhcsprjzkr hcssk gmpcrtæhngk kutc sktgsiktþrgk nuaturkamjhtj gmprjehkbk, k nkbk nurvk.
Mgh`k krmk hjstk fktka`k ç c ùmcr frusnc „ hjhùm nghgsmc jstë lkmkgs gmpagnkbc cu
prjtjhbgbc.
Zhs pcuncs ajgtcrjs, sj pjecs jm um bgk rugm, pcbjm tjr bgignuabkbj jm agbkr ncm k
pcsgåîc rjaktgvkmjhtj ùmgabj, quj hþs mugtc prcvkvjamjhtj cnupkmcs, hc ‑erkhbj
jsqujmk bks ncgsks”. Kaeuhs pcbjm sjhtgr-sj jmcngchkamjhtj pjrturfkbcs cu grrgtkbcs, pjac
quj vîc jrrchjkmjhtj ghtjrprjtkr ncmc ikatk bj gmpcrtæhngk pjsscka gmpagnkbk. Ncmc umk
fkntçrgk, scmcs gmpcrtkhtjs k hcssk prþprgk mkhjgrk j bjvjríkmcs sjr nkpkzjs bj hcs sjhtgr
fjm, sjm hcs sjhtgr supjrgcrjs. ^jr umk pjqujhk pkrtj bj kaec mugtc erkhbj hîc tjm quj
sjr bjprgmjhtj? bjpjhbj ghtjgrkmjhtj bj suk pjrspjntgvk. ^þ um sgstjmk bj nrjhåk jrròhjc j
sju jec pcbjm pcssgvjamjhtj nrgkr kaec bjprgmjhtj hgstc.
^cu pcr hkturjzk um tgpc kajerj, ijagz j ctgmgstk. Tjhsc quj ks pjsscks, k rjkagbkbj j k
vgbk sîc bjmkgs „ um pkssjgc jxngtkhtj, umk mkrkvga`csk cpcrtuhgbkbj! Kn`j c ùmcr, ajgk
j scrrgk, bjgxj sjeugr, rgk um pcunc „ hîc prjngsk ajvkr tubc bjmksgkbkmjhtj k sçrgc. Yjz
pcr cutrk, kfrk c tcpc bk suk nkfjåk bj icrmk quj kaeumks gbjgks irjsnks, pcsskm jspkhtkr c
cbcr mcikbc bj vja`cs pkrkbgemks j icråkr ks trkbgåújs j c ‑stktus quc”, k pjrgcbgnkmjhtj
vcatkr k lustgignkr sjus vkacrjs. Hkbk jhncrklk mkgs c ùmcr quj k ghtrcspjnåîc `chjstk.
Jstk vgbk ç suk cpcrtuhgbkbj. Ks nchbgåújs ghgngkgs bj suk jxgstìhngk hk TMV icrkm
prcljtkbks scf mjbgbk pkrk ctgmgzkr sju pctjhngka bj nrjsngmjhtc „ ncm suk nchtrgfugåîc j
kprcvkåîc. ^ju nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka ç pkrk bgvjrsîc j aunrc. Eczj! Kprjhbgzkbc j kajergk
khbkm luhtcs. Hîc kprjhbjr, hîc nrjsnjr, bcr j mgsçrgk tkmfçm khbkm luhtcs. Mugtks vgbks
sîc umk mgsturk bj kmfcs. Jsicråc nchnjhtrkbc j jstkr prjstkhbc ktjhåîc hc akfcrktþrgc bj
kprjhbgzkbc TMV pcbj kumjhtkr brkmktgnkmjhtj k tkxk bj kajergk jm rjakåîc k mgsçrgk jm
suk vgbk. ^j vcnì kprjhbj k nrjsnjr sgehgignktgvkmjhtj, suk kajergk j nch`jngmjhtc vîc
trkhsfcrbkr pkrk k vgbk bcs cutrcs. ◂
[ukaqujr ncgsk sjhngjhtj quj hcs sjlk gmpcrtkhtj knkfk ghjvgtkvjamjhtj rjicrmuakbk jm
hcssk gmkejm. Hcssk kvkagkåîc bj hþs mjsmcs bjighj k jsnkak nchtrk k quka tcbcs cs cutrcs sîc
mjbgbcs j ghtjrprjtkbcs. Luaekmcs j kvkagkmcs cs cutrcs pjak ncmpkrkåîc bjajs k hþs. hþs.
Nchstkhtjmjhtj prcljtkmcs hcssc sjr (cu qukagbkbj) hk jxgstìhngk sjhngjhtj bcs cutrcs „ hîc `ë
hkbk mkgs quj pcsskmcs cfljtgvkmjhtj ikzjr „ j umk rjspcstk jrrkbk, pcr kaeumk rkzîc, sjmprj
pkrjnj sjr mugtc mja`cr bc quj kbmgtgr gehcræhngk.
gehcræhngk. Ç ncmc scmcs? kssgm klk bj kncrbc, jstjlk
jm eukrbk.
Ncmc k KZM hcs vì3 Tcr knksc mj prjcnupc ncm ks nçauaks jm mju jstòmkec3
^jeurkmjhtj, mks kaeumks vjzjs mkgs quj cutrks, mjsmc quj jaks sjlkm sjmprj gmpcrtkhtjs.
Hîc nchsgbjrc cu trktc ncm jaks ghbgvgbukamjhtj, hjm mjsmc jm pjqujhcs erupcs, k mjhcs quj
tjh`k umk uanjrk

`gbrcnacríbrgnc cu pjriurkåîc.
sjnrjtkbc3 J ks nçauaks
Kfscautkmjhtj< Nkbkbcnçauak
jstcmkec sj prjcnupkm
ghbgvgbuka scfrjnakrkmjhtj
bc jstcmkec c p@ bc ëngbc
nugbk
bc p@ bc ëngbc j bcs mjnkhgsmcs bj rjtcrhc quj c rjeuakm. J ks nçauaks bc jstcmkec sj
prjcnupkm ncm c mju jstgac bj ncrtj bj nkfjac3 Hîc bgrjtkmjhtj, kghbk quj ghbgrjtkmjhtj pcssk
`kvjr umk nchjxîc. ^j mju hcvc ncrtj bj nkfjac ikz ncm quj mj sghtk fjm ncmgec mjsmc j,
pcrtkhtc, klubk k rjbuzgr mjus hívjgs ejrkgs bj strjss, j tkavjz mj klubj k jhnchtrkr um trkfka`c
jstëvja j umk hkmcrkbk quj pcssk nczgh`kr, mju jstcmkec ignkrë sktgsijgtc ncm cs rjsuatkbcs,
mjsmc quj jaj hîc ncmprjjhbk c nchnjgtc bj ncrtjs bj nkfjac „ mugtc mjhcs k ncmpajxk
ghtjrkåîc nchjntkhbc ncrtj bj nkfjac, strjss, jmprjec, hkmcrkbk j ëngbc jstcmknka.
Yjjm ncmc tubc ç gmpcrtkhtj j jstë ncrrjakngchkbc3 ^jrë quj ks nçauaks jstcmknkgs cu
cs mjnkhgsmcs bj rjeuakåîc ëngbk sj sjhtjm mjhcsprjzkbcs pcrquj hîc sîc nchsgbjrkbcs
gmpcrtkhtjs pkrk sjr c njhtrc bc ncrpc3 Hcs prjcnupkmcs mugtc, jm ejrka, scfrj ncmc hcsscs
ncrpcs, mjhtjs cu jspírgtcs jstîc jvcaughbc3 Hîc ncm irjquìhngk (ncm kaeumks hctëvjgs
jxnjåújs). Nkbk sjr jstë ghtjrjsskbc, cu ngjhtj, j sj prjcnupk kqugac ncm quj ghtjrkej jm sju
prþprgc hívja acnka, j sju kmfgjhtj gmjbgktc? tubc c mkgs ignk ghvgsívja cu ç ghnchsjqujhtj
pcrquj rjsgbj icrk bk pjrnjpåîc (nchsngìhngk) bc sjr, jstë grrjmjbgkvjamjhtj kaçm bc sju
nch`jngmjhtc (ç místgnc), cu pkrjnj sjr grrjajvkhtj k suks hjnjssgbkbjs.
Ncm hcssks mjhtjs nkpkzjs pcbjmcs j bjvjmcs ikzjr mja`cr quj gstc. ^j hcssc icnc sj
jxpkhbj, jaj usukamjhtj sj jxpkhbj pkrk ngmk hk bgrjåîc bj mkgs katcs hívjgs bj nchsngìhngk
(pjrnjpåîc). Hívjgs mkgs fkgxcs sîc kutcmktgnkmjhtj ekrkhtgbcs. Jajs kpjhks sîc „ ikzjm c quj
ikzjm. Bjpjhbjmcs bjajs, mks hîc hcs jhvcavjmcs bgrjtkmjhtj, k mjhcs quj hcs n`kmjm k
ktjhåîc ikzjhbc kaec hîc usuka. Mjsmc quj jstjlkmcs jxpjrgmjhtkhbc ncm fkntçrgks jm umk
paknk bj Tjtrg, ks bjgxkmcs sczgh`ks pkrk quj ikåkm c quj tjh`km bj ikzjr. Hîc bkmcs hcmjs k
nkbk umk bks fkntçrgks j ks ajvkmcs pkrk kamcåkr jm sjus khgvjrsërgcs „ mjsmc quj c
jxpjrgmjhtc sjlk gmpcrtkhtj. Ghtjrijrìhngk, sj hîc icr nugbkbcskmjhtj rjstrgtk j prjngskmjhtj
nchtrcakbk, ghvkagbkrgk c jxpjrgmjhtc. J kí c quj3 C jxpjrgmjhtkbcr tjrgk quj bkr k bjsnkrek
hkqujajs pjqujhcs ncmpkh`jgrcs jsectc kfkgxc j ncmjåkr bj hcvc. C`, c`!
Jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk ç mugtc prcvkvjamjhtj umk jxpjrgìhngk mkgs gmjbgktk,
nchsngjhtj, prþxgmk j pjsscka pkrk k KZM bc quj k jvcauåîc fgcaþegnk ç pkrk hþs? pcr cutrc
akbc, scmcs pkrtj bc prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc bk KZM. Ncmc mjmfrcs pajhcs bc ngnac bk
nchsngìhngk scmcs nakrkmjhtj sgehgignkhtjs, nchtubc, jspjnuakåîc scfrj k ktgtubj bk KZM
(scfrj quîc sgehgignkhtjs scmcs) ç bj pjqujhc vkacr j sjrë sjeurkmjhtj ghiaujhngkbk pjaks
jxprjssújs bj hcssks tjhbìhngks khtrcpcmþrignks j ktgtubjs kutc gmpcrtkhtjs.
Ks ktgtubjs
erupc ùmkhc jm jpkrtgnuakr
sjhtgmjhtcs bk kaçm
jstîc KZMbc ncm rjakåîc
jsncpc ktçkcmjsmc
C^, TMV,
bks ùmkhgbkbj cu qukaqujr
mkgcrjs Erkhbjs RCJs,
pcrquj jstîc kaçm bk hcssk nkpkngbkbj bj ncmprjjhbjr j sîc grrjajvkhtjs pkrk tubc c quj sjlk bj
sgehgignæhngk prëtgnk cu tjþrgnk pkrk hþs. Ncmc k KZM hcs vì3 Hîc ikz hjhùmk bgijrjhåk. Ç
umk qujstîc grrjajvkhtj quj tjm sgehgignkbc kpjhks pkrk c jec bj qujm pjreuhtcu. K KZM ikz c
quj ikz pcr suks prþprgks rkzújs j hþs ikzjmcs c quj ikzjmcs pjaks hcssks.
hcssks . Bjpcgs bgstc, ks
ign`ks vîc nkgr chbj tgvjrjm bj nkgr. Knjgtj gstc j bjgxj sjeugr.
Vjspchbjr k jstjs tjmks bj jec ncm sgstjmks bj nrjhåk j psjubcnch`jngmjhtc nchstgtug
um egekhtj pkssc ktrës quj ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj nrgk fkrrjgrks quj bjvjm sjr uatrkpksskbks, khtjs
quj prcerjssc ghbgvgbuka pcssk sjr ijgtc.

▤▤▤

: (>7)
Tcr quj Hþs3 Tcr quj Bjstk Icrmk3
C [uj Zm Nkrk Ajeka Ncmc Ycnì
Jstë Ikzjhbc Hum Auekr Ncmc Jstj3
Tcr quj k KZM hîc jvcaugu c nchnjgtc bj um jspkåc-tjmpc `gpjrfþagnc jm :B
pkrk vgvjrmcs (jxpjrgmjhtkrmcs) „ cu tkavjz kaec kghbk mkgs jstrkh`c3 Tcrquj >B ç mkgs
sgmpajs j iuhngchk mja`cr pkrk ks ghtjrkåújs bj nchsngìhngk j pcssgfgagbkbjs jvcaungchërgks quj
k KZM jstë jxpacrkhbc. ^j k KZM qugsjssj jxpacrkr cu jvcaugr umk rjkagbkbj `gpjrfþagnk jm
:B cu kaec mkgs, geukamjhtj kaçm bk hcssk ncmprjjhsîc, jak sgmpajsmjhtj bjbgnkrgk um erupc
bj nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj jspjngkagzkbks kpjhks pkrk ikzjr gssc.
Jaks grgkm prjpkrkr umk pkrtj jstrkh`k bk KZM, jm vjz bk nchicrtëvja pkrtj jspkåc-
tjmpc quj nch`jnjmcs j kmkmcs. Kqujak rjkagbkbj jstrkh`k hîc hcs sjrgk bgrjtkmjhtj
rjajvkhtj, kssgm ncmc hîc sjrgëmcs pkrk jak. Nkbk umk grgk jxgstgr bjhtrc bj suk bgmjhsîc
sjpkrkbk (suk prþprgk sjåîc bj mjmþrgk) bc jspkåc-pjhskmjhtc KZM „ bk mjsmk mkhjgrk quj
cs müatgpacs jspkåc-tjmpc TMVs jxgstjm bjhtrc bj bgijrjhtjs bgmjhsújs. Müatgpaks rjkagbkbjs,
nkbk umk jm suk prþprgk bgmjhsîc, sîc ercssjgrkmjhtj khëaceks k um bj hcsscs erkhbjs
ncmputkbcrjs (mkghirkmj) rcbkhbc müatgpaks sgmuakåújs, sgmgakrjs j bgssgmgakrjs, kc mjsmc
tjmpc< Ikzjmcs gstc c tjmpc tcbc j hîc ç hjhùm prcfajmk. Nkbk sgmuakåîc ghbjpjhbjhtj tjm
sju prþprgc jspkåc bj mjmþrgk j nchluhtc-bj-rjerks (NbV - ruaj-sjt), j ç eugkbk pcr sju prþprgc
ngnac (accp) bj tjmpc.
Ç rkzcëvja jspjrkr quj jxgstkm mugtcs jxpjrgmjhtcs rcbkhbc jm pkrkajac pkrk
bjtjrmghkr c nchluhtc bj rjstrgåújs quj sjlk c mkgs aunrktgvc k igm bj prcljtkr akfcrktþrgcs bj
kprjhbgzkbc mkgs jijtgvcs. C Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka trkfka`khbc scfrj k KZM bjsncfrgrgk
jvjhtukamjhtj qukgs suf-rjkagbkbjs, nchluhtcs-bj-rjerk (NbVs), cu tgpcs bj jspkåc sjrgkm cs
mkgs iuhngchkgs j aunrktgvcs.
Kbgngchkamjhtj,
ctgmgzkåîc k KZM,
bc jspkåc-tjmpc jm sju jsicråc
>B, prjngskrgk mchtkrpkrk
umkikngagtkr
vkrgkbkc sjajåîc
TrcnjsscbjIuhbkmjhtka
gmpakhtkåújsjm
>B,sukk
igm bj suprgr umk fck kmcstrkejm jstktístgnk kc achec bk vkrgjbkbj bcs rjsuatkbcs >B. ^jrgk
krrgsnkbc kaçm bj pçssgmk ngìhngk pjak KZM fksjkr suks nchnausújs scfrj aunrktgvgbkbj bc
jspkåc >B kpjhks pcr hcssk (TMV) pjricrmkhnj.
Gstc pcbjrgk jxpagnkr pcrquj jhnchtrjg tkhtks suf-rjkagbkbjs bc tgpc TMV burkhtj mgh`ks
jxpacrkåújs bk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak. Kaeumks pkrjnjm utgagzkr um jspkåc-tjmpc quj ç mugtc
sgmgakr kc hcssc, jhqukhtc cutrks cpjrkm scf NbVs quj sîc cfvgkmjhtj mugtc bgijrjhtjs bc
hcssc. K vkrgjbkbj bj icrmks bj vgbk, kmfgjhtjs j bgmjhsújs bj rjkagbkbj bjhtrc bk HTMVh
kpjhks, ç gmjhsc. Chbj `ë pcunks rjstrgåújs ghgfgbcrks, c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka prcbuz erkhbj
bgvjrsgbkbj.
K Jvcauåîc jxpacrk tcbks ks cpåújs sgehgignkhtjs kc sju kankhnj, mks ikz prcerjbgr j
mkhtçm kpjhks, kqujaks
jm sju ghvjstgmjhtc jmquj
>B.sîc aunrktgvks.
Ncmc ju sjg Kbgstc3
KZMTcrquj
bjvj jstkr cftjhbc
hþs (j mugtcsum sgehgignkhtj
cutrcs) rjtcrhc
jstîc kqug!
kqug!K
Jvcauåîc hîc
h îc akmjhtk suks vít
vítgmks
gmks (jxpjrgmjhtcs quj ika`krkm) jm suk pjrsjeugåîc ghnkhsëvja
bc aunrc. ^j jstkmcs kqug, scmcs aunrktgvcs. Cu hc pgcr nksc, k aunrktgvgbkbj bc prcnjssc bc quka
scmcs pkrtj kghbk hîc icg bjtjrmghkbk.
K HTMV jstë jm umk pkrtj (bgmjhsîc) bk KZM jhqukhtc k HTMV h jstë jm cutrk, j k
TMVo kghbk jm cutrk (k pkrtj jspkåc-tjmpc). Bgmjhsîc bjhtrc bj bgmjhsîc, bjhtrc bj
bgmjhsîc. Kqug, HTMVH ç um mjmfrc jspjngignc bc nchluhtc {HTMVh}, (chbj h = ;, 6, >, …
H, H+;, H+6, …), j hcssk kmkbk TMV ç um mjmfrc jspjníignc bc nchluhtc {TMV o} (chbj O =
;, 6, >, ...). TMV, ncm umk rjkagbkbj bj jspkåc-tjmpc >B, prjngsk sjeugr ks rjerks bj hcssc
jspkåc-tjmpc pkrtgnuakr? nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, tubc bjhtrc bj hcssc uhgvjrsc iísgnc bjvj sj
ncmpcrtkr j jvcaugr bjhtrc bks rjstrgåújs (nkuskagbkbj iísgnk) bjighgbks pcr hcssc NbV (nchluhtc-
bj-rjerks). Tcr jxjmpac, k jvcauåîc bj hcssc uhgvjrsc, ekaëxgk j sgstjmk scakr, j k jvcauåîc
fgcaþegnk scfrj k tjrrk, tcbcs cfjbjnjm k um mjsmc NbV. Cutrks rjkagbkbjs tgpc-TMV pcbjm
sjeugr sjus prþprgcs nchluhtcs bj rjerks jm suk prþprgk vjrsîc bj jspkåc-tjmpc „ hîc jxgstj
rjqugsgtc pkrk quj tcbks sgekm c mjsmc NbV (tjh`km k mjsmk iísgnk). Bk mjsmk icrmk, k
jvcauåîc hk HTMV sjeuj suk prþprgk nkuskagbkbj rjstrgtgvk j cfjbjnj sju prþprgc j ühgnc NbV.
Ncmc ç nchigrmkbc pcr mgh`k jxpjrgìhngk, sjrgk bj jspjrkr quj umk HTMV mjhcs nchstrkhegbk
icssj jvcaugr um nchluhtc bj icrmks-bj-vgbk mkgs vkrgkbks ks quj TMVs mkgs rjstrghegbks.
Kghbk quj vcnì pubjssj pjhskr quj sjrjs j nrgkturks hk HTMV sjlkm mjrkmjhtj icrmks-
pjhskmjhtc, jhqukhtc cs sjrjs j nrgkturks hk TMV sîc icrmks-bj-vgbk rjkgs, vcu bjmchstrkr hk
^jåîc 2 quj k bgijrjhåk ç kpjhks kpkrjhtj „ quj k bgstghåîc jhtrj iísgnc j hîc-iísgnc ç rjaktgvk k
pjrspjntgvk bc cfsjrvkbcr. K pjrspjntgvk bc cfsjrvkbcr ç umk iuhåîc bks rjstrgåújs j nchluhtcs-
bj-rjerks (NbVs) quj bjighjm suk ghtjrkåîc ncm, j suk pjrnjpåîc bk, suk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka acnka.
Ycnì vjrë quj ks kssgm n`kmkbks icrmks bj vgbk hk TMV sîc hk vjrbkbj icrmks-pjhskmjhtc,
tkmfçm bjhtrc bk KZM.
C prcpþsgtc ejrka bk KZM nksnktjgk iauxc kfkgxc ktç hcssc prcpþsgtc ejrka.
ejrka. K hkturjzk
bk KZM bj icrmk sgmgakr nksnktjgk ktç hcssk hkturjzk. Hcssk rjkagbkbj acnka j tubc hjak ç
prcbutc bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Cpjrkmcs bjhtrc bj hcssc hgn`c hk fcrbk bj um
jncssgstjmk jhcrmj. ^cmcs ghbgvg-bukamjhtj ejrkbcs pjak agmgtkåîc j rjstrgåîc bj um
sufnchluhtc bj nchsngìhngk bk KZM. Bk mjsmk icrmk quj hcssc ncrpc ç nchstruíbc bj nçauaks
fgcaþegnks, hcssk pjrnjpåîc nchsngjhtj, jm sju hívja mkgs iuhbkmjhtka, ç nchstruíbk bj um
erupc bjagmgtkbc bj nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj rjstrghegbks, pkrk pjrnjfjr um nchluhtc jspjníignc bj
jvjhtcs bj nkuskagbkbj rjakngchkbcs. Hcssk nchsngìhngk (pjrnjpåîc) bjhtrc bk TMV rjiajtj k
ghtjrkåîc jhtrj erupcs ghbgvgbukagzkbcs bj nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj, quj jstë rjstrgtc pjac NbV bc
jspkåc-tjmpc.
C sjr k qujm n`kmkmcs hþs mjsmcs (umk prctufjræhngk hk KZM-ajhåca) hîc ç
bjpjhbjhtj bj hcssc ncrpc iísgnc „ ç lustkmjhtj kc nchtrërgc. Ncrpcs iísgncs sîc jxpjrgìhngks-
nkacmfcs rjaktgvkmjhtj rjstrgtks bj jspkåc-tjmpc bjhsc, hks prctufjræhngks bc ajhåca. Jstks
jxpjrgìhngks-nkacmfc kutcpjrpjtukhtjs, fgcaþegnks bj fkgxk mkhutjhåîc vìm ncm umk
paktkicrmk bj sjhscrjs n`kmkbk um ‑ncrpc” pkrk prcvjr rjtcrhc gmjbgktc, umk Zhgbkbj bj
Agvrj Krfítrgc (IUKZ) bj fkgxc nustc (acw-jhb) j ekrkhtgk bj umk vgbk. Rcbks jstks
prctufjræhngks sîc prcljtkbks pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks, kvkagkr c rjtcrhc j kpagnkr c Trcnjssc
Iuhbkmjhtka hk bgrjåîc
b grjåîc bk jvcauåîc
jvcau åîc tkhtc bc ncrpc ncmc bk nchsngìhngk. ^gm, khgmkgs tkmfçm
tjm nchsngìhngk j agvrj krfítrgc „ c bjajs ç sgmpajsmjhtj mkgs agmgtkbc j mjhcs ghbgvgbukagzkbc
quj c hcssc.
Ykmcs nchtjmpakr k nchnjpåîc bj umk jxpjrgìhngk jm nchsngìhngk-nkacmfc.
Bjvjríkmcs uskr um prcljtc kutc rjpagnkhtj sgmpajs quj pcssk jvcaugr suks prþprgks icrmks.
^jrgk mja`cr bkr umk iuhngchkagbkbj j pjrnjpåîc/nchsngìhngk agmgtkbks, bj icrmk quj hîc
igqujm prjsks jm accps (nírnuacs) bj pjhskmjhtcs sjm igm scfrj ghtjrkåújs, jm vjz bj
jxpjrgmjhtë-aks, ncmc igzjrkm kaeuhs jxpjrgmjhtcs mjhcs prcbutgvcs quj k KZM tjhtcu khtjs.
(K IUKZ „ uhgbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ncm agvrj krfítrgc „ ncmc iuhngchk, j pcrquj suk ghvjhåîc
icg umk hjnjssgbkbj aþegnk, ç bgsnutgbc hks ^jåújs 2 j :).
Jstjs jxpjrgmjhtcs-nkacmfcs nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks bjvjm sjr kutc mcbgignëvjgs.
Trjngskm sjr nkpkzjs bj kprjhbgzkbc „ bj kutcmja`crgk ktrkvçs bj müatgpacs ngnacs bj rjtcrhc
kvkagktgvcs. Tcrquj jstjs sjrjs-nkacmfc sîc mugtc agmgtkbcs, prjngskm sjr prcljtkbcs pkrk
knumuakr nch`jngmjhtc j prcerjssc jvcaungchërgc sjhbc rjngnakbcs mugtks vjzjs ktrkvçs bj
mugtks ghtjrkåújs bjskigkhtjs ktç quj k IUKZ sj kutcbjstruk, cu quj jvjhtukamjhtj kmkburjåk
pkrk k nca`jgtk.
K sgheuakrgbkbj j ghtjergbkbj pjsscka (gbjhtgbkbj) bj nkbk IUKZ ç mkhtgbk ncmc klubk
kc pctjhngka bj nrjsngmjhtc knjajrkhtj numuaktgvc. Kaeuhs pcuncs quj sîc ikmgagkrjs ncm k
hcmjhnakturk hcs bjsjh`cs bj prcljtc bk KZM n`kmkm k IUKZ bj ‑kamk”, ‑jspgrgtc”, cu
sgmpajsmjhtj ‑ncmpchjhtj hîc-iísgnc”. ‑^jrë quj vcnì jstë qujrjhbc bgzjr quj cs khgmkgs
tkmfçm tìm kamk(3)”, kaeuçm pcbjrgk pjreuhtkr. Nakrc, pcr quj hîc „ jajs tkmfçm sîc
nchstruåújs
mkgs cfsnurkbjquj
nchsngìhngk ncmc
k hcssk, cs c rjstc
erkus bj hþs. Tcrquj
bj agfjrbkbj k nchsngìhngk
bgspchívjgs (pjrnjpåîc)
k suk nchsngìhngk pkrkbjajs ç kghbk
nrjsngmjhtc
jspgrgtuka sîc tkmfçm mugtc mkgs rjstrgtcs. Iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj ç k mjsmk gbjgk, mks ncm umk
nchsgbjrëvja bgijrjhåk bj gmpakhtkåîc „ sju ncmpchjhtj hîc-iísgnc ç mjhcs ühgnc, jstruturkbc j
ghtjrktgvc bc quj c hcssc. Nchtubc, hîc pjhsj quj cs khgmkgs sîc ghijrgcrjs kpjhks pcrquj sîc
bgijrjhtjs. K prcpjhsîc pkrk rjghtjrprjtkr hcssks bgijrjhåks ncmc supjrgcrgbkbj þfvgk,
rjprjsjhtk kpjhks krrceæhngk bj vgsîc jstrjgtk.
Nkbk khgmka, ghnaughbc vcnì, tjm sju pchtc j sju auekr? bgvjrsgbkbj ç um krtjiktc
hkturka bk jvcauåîc qukhbc jxgstjm pcunks rjstrgåújs. Nkbk tgpc bj jhtgbkbj rjiajtj pctjhngka,
nkpkngbkbj, cfljtgvcs, prcpþsgtcs j rjspchskfgagbkbj ühgncs, j kghbk, tcbcs prcvìm bj umk
mjsmk ichtj, j sjeujm c mjsmc prcnjssc. Kaeuçm pcbjrgk bgzjr quj jajs cnupkm hgn`cs j
kmfgjhtjs (`kfgtkts) bjhtrc bc mjsmc jncssgstjmk irkntka bj jvcauåîc-bk-nchsngìhngk.
[ukhtc pcbj
jhtrcpgk ksscngkbk mjhcrjs ks rjstrgåújs
n`jekr, quj agmgtkm
j mkgs jijtgvk umk nchsngìhngk
j pcbjrcsk jak pcbj sj pkrtgnuakr, mkgs bgsnutgr
tcrhkr. Ykmcs fkgxk sukc
nchnjgtc bj jhtrcpgk bk nchsngìhngk mkgs ncmpajtkmjhtj hc Nkpítuac ;> bjstj agvrc. Hþs
ùmkhcs scmcs jssjhngkamjhtj um tgpc bgijrjhtj bj khgmka bk mjsmk icrmk quj c sîc, tcbks ks
jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs. Hîc gmpcrtk ncmc vcnì nrjgk quj tjrmghkmcs kqug jm ngmk (pcr jvcauåîc
sgmpajs tgrkhbc c mja`cr bj jvjhtcs kajktþrgcs, k um pakhjtk trkpknjgrc jm umk crfgtk katkmjhtj
jaíptgnk, k Þvhgs, k umk jrupåîc místgnk) „ hk rkgz, tcbcs cs prcnjsscs j jhtgbkbjs iísgncs, sîc
prcvjhgjhtjs bk mjsmk ichtj. Hcssk jxgstìhngk sj kssjhtk kcs pçs bc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jm
jvcauåîc KZM. ^cmjhtj pjqujhcs bjtka`js iísgncs bgijrjhngkm ks mugtks tjcrgks scfrj ncmc k
ùmkhgbkbj n`jecu hk tjrrk. Hk Ygsîc Mkgs Kmpak (Fge Tgnturj), cs bjtka`js iísgncs hîc sîc
pkrtgnuakrmjhtj gmpcrtkhtjs.

▤▤▤

9 (24)
Zmk Aksnk bc Yja`c Facnc
Ncmc suks pjreuhtks lë tìm sj knumuakbc pcr kaeum tjmpc, ikrjg umk tjhtktgvk bj
rjspchbjr kaeumks khtjs bj sjeugr kbgkhtj. Hîc ecstkrgk quj vcnì jxpacbgssj jm irustrkåîc,
ncmc sj icssj umk jspgh`k ghtjajntuka egekhtj j puruajhtk. C`, pjrbîc pcr gstc ... mks k gmkejm
igncu mugtc jherkåkbk j mjtkicrgnkmjhtj prjngsk, pkrk bjsnkrtk-ak kpjhks pcr quj pkrjnj
cijhsgvk, bjskerkbëvja j bj mku ecstc. Ycnì jstë sj bgvjrtghbc, hîc jstë3
Hîc jsqujåk ks büvgbks quj icrjm sureghbc „ jsnrjvk-ks hä mjbgbk jm quj kpkrjåkm „ j sj
hîc tgvjrjm sgbc rjspchbgbks ktç ci igm bk ^jåîc 9, sjrvgrîc mkrkvga`cskmjhtj ncmc cs
cfljtgvcs ghgngkgs bj bjsncfjrtk, jm suk prþprgk fusnk bk vjrbkbj quj sjeurkmjhtj vkg sj sjeugr.
Jstcu kbgvgh`khbc, quj hjstj pchtc ks qujstújs mkgs ncmuhs pcbjm sjr kerjekbks bj icrmk
kprcxgmkbk, jm nghnc erupcs cu ërjks bj ghtjrjssj ejrka, trktkbks k sjeugr.

9.; Tjhskmjhtc ç c quj c quj nchtk.
C `cmjm j cutrcs sjrjs, tkhtc iísgncs ncmc hîc-iísgncs (kssgm ncmc tcbcs cs cfljtcs
jxgstjhtjs jhnchtrkbcs kqug, aë j jm qukaqujr auekr), pcbjm sjr bjsnrgtcs k ercssc mcbc ncmc
icrmks-pjhskmjhtc nrgkbks bjhtrck bk
bk KZM, cu hc jspkåc-mjhtka, nchsngìhngk.
ghtjhåîc, Hîc bjvjrgk
cu vchtkbj sjr tîc
bk mjhtj surprjjhbjhtj
sj tcrhk quj bjhtrc
k icråk hkturka cu
iuhbkmjhtka. Ycnì acec vjrë (prþxgmk sjåîc) quj ks icrmks-pjhskmjhtc sîc tîc rjkgs ncmc
rcn`ks, j quj tcbk ncgsk rjka ç umk mkhgijstkåîc bk nchsngìhngk ghbjpjhbjhtj bj ncm quîc
‑pcunc frga`c” pcsskm rjiajtgr jstk nchsngìhngk (pjrnjpåîc) sjmghka „ j sgm, cs mghjrkgs jstîc
ghnauíbcs.
K KZM ç iuhbkmjhtka, hþs scmcs bjrgvkåújs. Jxgfgmcs ks prcprgjbkbjs bc ‑ajhåca”
(vcatkhbc k mjtëicrk bc jxjmpac), c ‑ajhåca” hîc ç bjighgbc pjaks nkrkntjrístgnks bcs
‑ikhtcn`js”. HTMV, TMV, hcssk paktkicrmk sjhscrgka (ncrpcs) j IUKZs (kamks) sîc tcbks
nchstruåújs bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka jvcauíbk, quj n`kmkmcs bj nchsngìhngk.
Hcssk ghtjhåîc (jhjregk mjhtka icnkagzkbk) jspjngignkmjhtj bgrgej j crbjhk umk pkrtj
bkqujak mjsmk nchsngìhngk, kssgm ncmc k ghtjhåîc bk KZM ikz „ jxnjtc pjac iktc bj quj k
hcssk ç bj ‑pcunc
(bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj frga`c cu irknk”, bjbjsicnkbk
umk nchsngìhngk j bj fkgxk
mja`cr qukagbkbj pctìhngk.
cu bj Nrjsngmjhtc
mkgs fkgxk jspgrgtuka
jhtrcpgk) ejrk mkgs
frga`c, nkpkngbkbj, crekhgzkåîc jijtgvk j mkgs jhjregk pkrk rjkagzkr trkfka`c „ jm cutrks
pkakvrks, mkgs pcbjr pjsscka.
▼Ykmcs ikzjr umk pjqujhk pkusk pkrk jxkmghkr k bghæmgnk bk ghtjhåîc j bk

mkhgpuakåîc bj jhjregk hîc-iísgnk, j vjr ncmc kmfks jstîc nchjntkbks k nchsngìhngk. Gstc
vkg sjr um prgmjgrc vgsaumfrj rëpgbc „ c tjmk kghbk vkg sjr ncfjrtc jm mkgs bjtka`j
pcstjrgcrmjhtj.
Hc jspkåc-mjhtka, pjhskmjhtcs sîc cs rjsuatkbcs bj umk nchsngìhngk ktgvk jxjrnjhbc
suk ghtjhåîc cu vchtkbj „ jajs sîc cfljtcs. Jajs nchstgtujm jhtgbkbjs (uhgbkbjs bgsnrjtks bj
nchtjübc crekhgzkbc bjhtrc bj mjmþrgk bgegtka) quj sîc mkhgijstkåújs ghbgvgbukbks bk
jhjregk bk nchsngìhngk.
Jstjs pknctjs-bj-nchtjübc mjhtkgs, kaeumks vjzjs n`kmkbcs bj cfljtcs-pjhskmjhtc cu
icrmks-pjhskmjhtc pcbjm sjr cfljtc bj ktukåîc „ jhjregk pcbj sjr kbgngchkbk cu jxtrkíbk „
bjgxkhbc c nchtjübc mcbgignkbc. Tcbjm trcnkr jhjregk jhtrj jajs bj kncrbc ncm c
nchluhtc-bj-rjerks pkrtgnuakr scf c quka cpjrkm. ^j jstj nchnjgtc pkrjnj bgiínga bj jhtjhbjr,
nchsgbjrj cs vërgcs lcekbcrjs j pjrschkejhs (cfljtcs ghtjrktgvcs) bjhtrc bj umk sgmuakåîc
(lcec) bj ncmputkbcr ncmpajxk j ghtjrktgvk ncmc sjhbc c khëacec ks icrmks-pjhskmjhtc.
Bjhtrc bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka bk KZM, icrmks-pjhskmjhtc tjm umk jhjregk-vgbk bjaks
mjsmks, j sîc pjrnjfgbks ncmc tjhbc umk jxtjhsîc bjagmgtkbk (hîc vcaumj iísgnc) hc
jspkåc-pjhskmjhtc. Jstk bjagmgtkåîc ghbgvgbuka bjighgbcrk iuhngchk bj icrmk sgmgakr k um
ncrpc.
C ncrpc kpkrjhtj, cu icrmk bj um cfljtc, cu jhtgbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk hîc-
iísgnk (pjak pjrspjntgvk bk TMV), ç bjpjhbjhtj bj qujm k pjrnjfj (kqugac quj mkgs sj
knjrnk cu tjm k mja`cr rjprjsjhtkåîc bjhtrc bk fksj bj bkbcs bj cfljtcs bc cfsjrvkbcr) j
tkmfçm bkqugac quj c cfljtc hîc-iísgnc prcljtk (kaec khëacec k umk pëeghk pjsscka bk wjf
quj bjighj c ghbgvíbuc „ ikngamjhtj mcbgignëvja pcr kqujajs quj skfjm ncmc ikzjr gssc).
ûk icrmk kpkrjhtj ç umk jxprjssîc cu mkhgijstkåîc bj sju nchtjübc.
Tcrquj ks icrmks-pjhskmjhtc tìm jhjregk (nchtjübc crekhgzkbc j nkpkngbkbjs
cpjrkngchkgs) pcbjm ghtjrkegr j prcbuzgr jijgtcs. Cs pknctjs bgsnrjtcs bj jhjregk quj
trcnkm, tìm c jijgtc bj mcbgignkr c nchtjübc bgegtka. Jhjregk bgegtka tjm k `kfgagbkbj bj
kbgngchkr, bjajtkr, mcbgignkr cu crekhgzkr cs fgts. [ukhbc um sgstjmk bgegtka rjbuz suk
jhtrcpgk jaj mcbgignk sjus fgts jm mkhjgrks quj sîc mkgs ütjgs iuhngchkamjhtj. Zm
pctjhngka bgegtka tjm k `kfgagbkbj pkrk bjighgr j jijtgvkmjhtj crekhgzkr cs fgts.
Jm kbgåîc kcs kmfgjhtjs j pjrschkejhs bj lcecs bj ncmputkbcr ghtjrktgvcs, cs kejhtjs
ghtjagejhtjs cu kutòmktcs bj scitwkrj pcbjm cijrjnjr umk ercssjgrk khkacegk k kaeumks
bjstks jhtgbkbjs hîc-iísgnks (vgrtukgs) mjhcs ncmpajxks (hîc-iísgnks scmjhtj bc pchtc bj
vgstk bk TMV). Nchtubc, kaeumks icrmks-pjhskmjhtc pcbjm tjr suigngjhtj ncmpajxgbkbj,
pcbjr bj prcnjsskmjhtc j mjmþrgk ksscngkbcs k jaks pkrk jxjnutkr suk prþprgk prcerkmkåîc
bj bjighgåîc, gmpajmjhtkr nchbgngchkgs, ikzjr jsnca`ks, bjsjhvcavjr suk prþprgk fksj bj
bkbcs j sj tcrhkr kutc mcbgignkhtjs. Kaeumks, bkbk nkpkngbkbj suigngjhtj j kmfgjhtj
kprcprgkbc, pcbjm jvjhtukamjhtj jxgfgr umk nchsngìhngk agmgtkbk j pcunc frga`khtj quj
pcbj jvcaugr ktç umk nchsngìhngk mkgs frga`khtj „ sjeughbc ks pjekbks bk KZM.
Kssgm tjmcs cs cfljtcs-pjhskmjhtc ghbgvgbukgs, quj iuhngchkm ncmc sufprcerkmks
bjhtrc bj umk
nchsngjhtjs „ gmjhsk
kaeumksmjhtj bgegtka,pcbjm
bks qukgs jvcaughbc
sjr pkrk tcbks kskutcnchsngjhtjs
irknkmjhtj mkhjgrks j tgpcsj bj jhtgbkbjs
nkpkzjs bj
bjsjhvcavjr ghtjhåîc ghbjpjhbjhtj.
[uj mkrkvga`csc j nchvcautc prcnjssc! Jaj mj ajmfrk bj ncmc um nchluhtc-bj-rjerks
(NbV) sgmpajs j ejcmçtrgnks pcbj sjr rjpjtgbc rjnursgvkmjhtj j kpagnkbc jm vërgks jsnkaks
„ um hívja nchstrughbc scfrj c cutrc „ ktç quj k tctkagbkbj bjstjs pkbrújs ‑bj sjeugr k
prþprgk nkubk” prcbuzkm umk surprjjhbjhtj gmkejm irkntka „ umk mkhgijstkåîc bj vgsîc
kmpak k pkrtgr bj um pjqujhc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks j prcnjsscs sgmpajs.
Nchtjmpaj k jvcauåîc cpjrkhbc ghtjrktgvkmjhtj scfrj k nchsngìhngk pkrk nrgkr pkbrújs
ncmpajxcs bj jhtgbkbjs, kmfgjhtjs j bgmjhsújs jm jvcauåîc. Ycnì nchsjeuj gmkeghkr umk
kpagnkåîc ghtjrktgvk bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka cpjrkhbc scfrj um mjgc bgegtka bj
nchsngìhngk pkrk prcbuzgr rjkagbkbjs bgvjrskmjhtj pcvckbks jm vërgcs hívjgs j jsnkaks, ncm
um ghgngkhbc hksjrgk
kutcbjighgbcrk, pchtkmja`cr
bk nkubk bc cutrc3
bjsnrgtk ncmcRkaumk
jstruturk bghæmgnk kutcpjrpjtukhtj
nchsngìhngk-jm-jvcauåîc irkntka.j
Nchsngìhngk-jm-jvcauåîc, prcnjssc j nchtjübc rjnursgvkmjhtj rjpjtgbcs j kpagnkbcs k nkbk
jsnkak aunrktgvk „ um hívja nchstrughbc scfrj c cutrc „ ktç quj k tctkagbkbj luhtkmjhtj
prcbuzk umk Ygsîc Kmpak bj Rubc C [uj Ç.
Tkrk sumkrgzkr, ghtjhåîc nchsngjhtj pcbj nrgkr j mkhgpuakr icrmks pjhskmjhtc, pjak
ejrkåîc cu mcbgignkåîc bc nchtjübc bjighgbcr bk icrmk pjhskmjhtc, bjhtrc bj um
sufnchluhtc bj mjmþrgk. Igja k típgnk hkturjzk rjnursgvk bcs sgstjmks jm jvcauåîc, umk
nchsngìhngk jxjrnjhbc ghtjhåîc, tjm k `kfgagbkbj bj mkhgpuakr k jhjregk bk nchsngìhngk
(crekhgzkåîc bgegtka,) bk quka jak mjsmk j cutrks sîc ncmpcstks. Jstj iktc pjrmgtj k umk
nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk nrgkr icrmks-pjhskmjhtc j kijtkr cutrks nchsngìhngks j icrmks-
pjhskmjhtc bgrjtkmjhtj, ktrkvçs bj umk trcnk bgrgegbk-pcr-ghtjhåîc bj jhjregk bgegtka j
nchtjübc crekhgzkngchka.
K nchsngìhngk rjprjsjhtk um sgstjmk kutcmcbgignkhtj quj kpagnk c Trcnjssc
Iuhbkmjhtka pkrk fkgxkr suk jhtrcpgk mçbgk. Nchsngìhngk ç jhjregk, jhjregk bgegtka, k
jhjregk bk crekhgzkåîc. Jm tjrmcs bj nchsjrvkåîc bj jhjregk< K jhjregk pctjhngka bgegtka,
mkgs k sghjregk bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka bj nkpkngbkbj igxk, pjrmkhjnj
nchstkhtj. Kqug k sghjregk ç ghvjrskmjhtj rjakngchkbk k jhtrcpgk< sghjregk =
(nchstkhtj/jhtrcpgk). [ukhbc um sgstjmk ncm umk nkpkngbkbj bgegtka igxk kumjhtk suk
sghjregk, suk jhjregk pctjhngka sj rjbuz jm geuka qukhtgbkbj. ◂
C quj k jhtrcpgk j k sghjregk tìm k vjr nchcsnc3 C ncrpc ç umk jxtjhsîc vgrtuka bk kamk, cu
bj icrmk jqugvkajhtj, c ncrpc ç umk jxtjhsîc bj umk uhgbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk
(nchtgbk, rjstrghegbk). Bc pchtc bj vgstk bk TMV, nchsngìhngk ç umk jhjregk hîc iísgnk bj um
sgstjmk bgegtka kutc crekhgzëvja -- jak ç k jhjregk bk crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk. K kamk, ncmc umk
uhgbkbj ghbgvgbukbk bj nchsngìhngk, ç um sufnchluhtc bk nchsngìhngk mkgcr, umk pcråîc
nchstrkhegbk bj jhjregk hîc-iísgnk quj nchtçm mjmþrgk j nkpkngbkbj bj prcnjsskmjhtc
suigngjhtjs pkrk supcrtkr kutc ctgmgzkåîc ktrkvçs bk jsnca`k ghtjhngchka aunrktgvk, cu agvrj
krfítrgc. ^ju ncrpc ç hk vjrbkbj um ncrpc vgrtuka, umk jxpjrgìhngk bj nchsngìhngk prcbuzgbk
ncm kpkrìhngk iísgnk ktrkvçs bk nchstrgåîc bj tcbks ks ghtjrkåújs bk nchsngìhngk (pjrnjpåîc) j
jxpjrgìhngk agmgtkbk ghbgvgbukbk, k kpjhks kqujaks pjrmgtgbks pjac NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc.
(Jxpagnkåújs bjtka`kbks sjrîc jhnchtrkbks hk ^jåîc 2).
K HTMV jvcaugu icrmks bj vgbk mkgs vkrgkbks bc quj k TMV pcr nkusk bj suk mjhcr
qukhtgbkbj bj rjstrgåújs. Ycnì jstë ncmjåkhbc k jhxjrekr c qukbrc bj ncmc sj pkrjnj suk
rjkagbkbj j ncmc jak iuhngchk3 Jstë sj tcrhkhbc kpkrjhtj quj k nchsngìhngk ç c mjgc, k pkrtgr bc
quka suk jxpjrgìhngk ghbgvgbuka icg mcabkbk jm umk icrmk jspjníignk, iuhåîc, j nchtjübc, pjacs
rjqugsgtcs aunrktgvcs bk jvcauåîc3
Tkrjnjrgk hkturka, pcrquj scmcs umk pcråîc j pkrtj bc sjr KZM, quj hcssks mjhtjs sjlkm
‑aksnks bc vja`c facnc” pcr kssgm bgzjr j, pcrtkhtc, `ëfjgs pkrk hcs ncmuhgnkr uskhbc k Akrek
Rjgk bj Vjkagbkbj (VUU Vjkagty Ugbj Ujf quj nchstgtug k rjbj prghngpka bj tcbk k nchsngìhngk
„ jm ksscngkåîc ncm UUU Ucrab Ugbj Ujf) uskhbc c prctcncac bk ghtjhåîc bk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbuka<< gngp<//VUU.nchsngjhngk.ghbgvgbukbk.HTMV.
ghbgvgbuka gngp<//VUU.nchsngjhngk.ghbgvgbukbk.HTMV.

9.6 Tcr quj Hîc
Hîc Tcbjmcs Rcrhkr
Rcrhkr Hcssk @gstþrgk Mkgs Bgrjtk3
Mgh`k jxpjrgìhngk kssgm ncmc k jxpjrgìhngk bj mugtcs jxpacrkbcrjs bk HTMV ktrkvçs bk

`gstþrgk, ghbgnk quj c mjnkhgsmc bj ncmuhgnkåîc mkgs iuhbkmjhtka bjhtrc bk HTMV ikz usc bj
pknctjs bj bj
sjqujhngks pjhskmjhtcs (pjhskmjhtcs
símfcacs tkgs ncmpajtcs
ncmc pkakvrks j ajtrks).cuN`kmkmcs
pkrëerkicsjstj
bj prcnjssc
sgehgignkbc jm cpcsgåîc Ck
bj ‑tjajpëtgnc”.
rjnjptcr pcbj hk sjqujhngk trkhsicrmkr jstjs pjhskmjhtcs jm pkakvrks bj kncrbc ncm suk
prþprgk jxpjrgìhngk (kqugac quj ktukamjhtj lë jxgstj hc fkhnc bj bkbcs bj suk mjmþrgk). Ç pcr
gstc quj buks pjsscks tjhbc k mjsmk jxpjrgìhngk cu rjnjfjhbc k mjsmk mjhskejm hk HTMV
pcbjm knkfkr pcr rjpcrtk-ak bj icrmk bgijrjhtj. Kssumghbc quj kmfks tjh`km nchjxújs VUU
bj fkgxc ruíbc j nakrks ncmc nrgstka, quj rjnjfkm k mjhskejm ncm prjngsîc, jstk mjsmk
mjhskejm sjrë kfscrvgbk j pjrnjfgbk bj icrmk bgijrjhtj „ tjrë bgijrjhtjs sgehgignkbcs pkrk nkbk
um. Cs bcgs rjaktþrgcs hîc vîc kpjhks tjr ghtjrprjtkåújs bgijrjhtjs, mks tkmfçm jxprjssújs
bgijrjhtjs. ^j pkssk bk mjsmk icrmk quj hk TMV.
Ç mugtc fjm bcnumjhtkbc quj nghnc ghbgvíbucs bgijrjhtjs, tcbcs pkrkbcs jm umk mjsmk
jsqughk kssgstghbc k um mjsmc kngbjhtj, vîc prcbuzgr nghnc `gstþrgks bgijrjhtjs hk bjsnrgåîc bcs
iktcs
kaeumk knchtjngbcs.
‑jstëtgnk cuBkbk k hkturjzk
ruíbc” hk agh`kpjsscka
(pkrjnjbkquj
jxpjrgìhngk
jxgstj umkj csjmprj
iktc ncmum
mjhcs bj
qujquj sjmprj `ë
pjrijgtkmjhtj
nakrk, hîc bgstcrngbk j ktjhtk pjrnjpåîc) j bkbks ks bgijrjhåks jm jxprjssîc j ghtjrprjtkåîc quj
vìm ncm ks mkgs vkrgkbks jbunkåújs, nuaturks j sgstjmks bj nrjhåks, hîc ç bj surprjjhbjr quj bj
icrmk irjqujhtj cncrrk mkgs nchiusîc quj nakrjzk qukhbc ncmpkrkmcs rjaktcs bgijrjhtjs bj um
mjsmc jvjhtc.
Ncmc cutrc jxjmpac, nchsgbjrj um crkbcr j trìs bgijrjhtjs cuvghtjs „ tcbcs geukamjhtj
frga`khtjs. C crkbcr katkmjhtj jbunkbc (Bcutcr jm agtjrkturk naëssgnk). Zm bcs cuvghtjs tjm um
Bcutcrkbc jm Jhejh`krgk Mjnæhgnk, cutrc ç um Fkn`krja jm Gheaìs, jhqukhtc c cutrc ç
tctkamjhtj gagtjrktc, mks sj ncmuhgnk mugtc fjm. C tjmk ç umk ncmpkrkåîc bc sgmfcagsmc
uskbc pcr Lkmjs Lcynj j @cmjrc. Bjpcgs quj c crkbcr ikz suk kprjsjhtkåîc kcs trìs cuvghtjs,
vcnì bjvj ghbgvgbukamjhtj jhtrjvgstkr nkbk um bcs cuvghtjs j rjnchstrugr, kc mja`cr bj suk
`kfgagbkbj, c nchtjübc quj c crkbcr jstjvj tjhtkhbc ncmuhgnkr „ vcnì ecstkrgk bj skfjr
jxktkmjhtj c quj icg bgtc. Ycnì hîc tjm knjssc k qukaqujr cutrk ghicrmkåîc jxtjrhk scfrj c
tjmk cu scfrj cs cuvghtjs. Cs cuvghtjs hîc nch`jnjm uhs kcs cutrcs j hîc vîc bgvuaekr hkbk
scfrj jajs mjsmcs. Hctj quj k suk prþprgk jbunkåîc j nch`jngmjhtc bc tjmk ç umk bks
vkrgëvjgs mkgs nrítgnks. Ycnì nchsjeuj vjr ks bgignuabkbjs quj jxgstgrîc pkrk k rjnchstrugr k
ghicrmkåîc quj icg igatrkbk bj icrmk ghkbvjrtgbk j ghjvgtëvja pjak mjmþrgk, nkpkngbkbj j
ncmprjjhsîc ghbgvgbukgs3 C rjaktc bj ncmuhgnkåújs pkrkhcrmkgs k um ghvjstgekbcr hîc ç jm
hkbk bgijrjhtj.
Kssgm, k kpkrjhtj ikatk bj nchigkfgagbkbj j ks bgsnrjpæhngks jxgstjhtjs jhtrj ghbgvíbucs
rjnjfjhbc, qujr sjlkm ncmuhgnkåújs hcrmkgs cu pkrkhcrmkgs, ç irjqujhtjmjhtj bjvgbk k
sgheuakrgbkbj iuhbkmjhtka bj nkbk ghbgvíbuc (ghnaughbc c crkbcr). Tcbjrgk jxgstgr umk nchjxîc
pcfrj (bgiínga bj jhtjhbjr, quj hîc usj ks mjsmks mjtëicrks cu vcnkfuaërgc), cu k mjhskejm jak
mjsmk pcbj sjr ncmuhgnkbk bj umk icrmk cu pjrspjntgvk pcunc ikmgagkr (ncmc k agtjrkturk
naëssgnk). Ncmuhgnkr-sj ncm cs cutrcs, ç ghjrjhtjmjhtj bgiínga. Ncmuhgnkåîc bj sunjssc ç mkgs
iënga ncm c sju eìmjc gbìhtgnc, j mkgs bgiínga kaeuçm bj umk rjkagbkbj mugtc bgijrjhtj.
Gstc ç umk lcrhkbk jvcaungchërgk pjsscka j um jsicråc bj erupc hîc pcbj sufstgtugr sju
jsicråc ghbgvgbuka. ûk jxpjrgìhngk ç umk ncmfghkåîc bkqugac quj pjrnjfj ktrkvçs bj sjus
sjhtgbcs agmgtkbcs, j bj ncmc vcnì ghtjrprjtk jstks pjrnjpåújs. K ghtjrprjtkåîc ç fksjkbk jm
suks jxpjrgìhngks prçvgks j hk qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk, tkhtc qukhtc jm suk ncmprjjhsîc
bk pjqujhk j bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj. ^j suk pjrnjpåîc cu ghtjrprjtkåîc ç n`jgk bj ruíbcs, jrrkbk cu
sgehgignkhtjmjhtj ghncmpajtk, suks nchnausújs tjrîc pcunk knurëngk. Ç pcr gstc quj umk
kfcrbkejm nugbkbcsk, ngjhtgignk j crgjhtkbk pkrk rjsuatkbcs ç hjnjssërgk. Ncmc lë icg bgtc, k
prcvk bc pubgm sufljtgvc jstë hc skfcrjkr cfljtgvc. ^gm, c skfcrjkr prjngsk sjr cfljtgvc,
kfscautkmjhtj.
Rkavjz um jxjmpac sgmpagignkbc klubj k jxpagnkr pcrquj k ghicrmkåîc pkrkhcrmka ç ncm
irjquìhngk vkek j hîc mugtc nchigëvja. Jxpjrgìhngks prjmchgtþrgks, ghnaughbc sch`cs, sîc umk
jxpjrgìhngk ùmkhk rjaktgvkmjhtj ncmum. Tkrk jhtjhbjr ncmc j pcrquj jajs cncrrjm kaeumks
vjzjs, vkmcs nchsgbjrkr c mcbjac vuanæhgnc bk pjrnjpåîc mjhtka ncmc bjsjhvcavgbk pjak tjcrgk
bk tjntòhgnk bk mjhtj. K um hívja mkgs prciuhbc, suk ghtugåîc jstë mjreua`kbk jm ghicrmkåîc
pkrkhcrmka iuhbgbk. Jak jstë nchjntkbk bgrjtkmjhtj k Ichtj Ühgnk j jstë ‑chaghj” hk `cmjpkej
bks rjkagbkbjs prcvëvjgs vgk VUU. Nchtubc, khtjs quj jstjs bkbcs nchsgekm mgerkr pkrk bjhtrc
bj suk nchsngìhngk hcrmka bc bgk k bgk, jak prjngsk sufgr ä supjriíngj chbj suk pjrnjpåîc
(nchsngìhngk) bk TMV sj jhnchtrk. Hk mkgcr pkrtj bc tjmpc hîc jxgstj umk pksskejm pkrk k
supjriíngj, cu mjgcs bj jxprjsskr kqujaj nchtjübc agqujijgtc katkmjhtj ghbgijrjhngkbc bk suk
ghtugåîc jm tjrmcs bk TMV, quj ikzjm kqujaj knjgtëvja fcm sjhsc nksuka bk suk pjrnjpåîc
(nchsngìhngk) TMV rkngchka j agmgtkbk pcr nrjhåks. Kssgm, sjm hjhùmk skíbk vgëvja, ks
ghicrmkåújs pjrmkhjnjm prciuhbkmjhtj sufmjrsks bjhtrc bk ghtugåîc. Nchtubc,
cnksgchkamjhtj umk trghnk pcbj sj bjsjhvcavjr hk supjriíngj bc mkhtc rkngchka, hc ajgtc bj
pjbrk bks nrjhåks j hk nrcstk bk jxpjrgìhngk, quj pjrmgtjm kc mkemk-bj-ghicrmkåîc sjr
jxpjagbc ä supjriíngj bk nchsngìhngk hk TMV. Rka vjhtgakåîc jspchtæhjk ç tgpgnkmjhtj c
rjsuatkbc bj prjssújs ghtjrhks prcpcrngchkgs k sgehgignæhngk pjsscka bc jvjhtc prjmchgtþrgc.
Ks igssurks cncrrjm tgpgnkmjhtj prþxgmks bks agh`ks bj ika`k quj sîc nrgkbks ncm irjquìhngk
pjak ncagsîc bj mkngåks paknks bj nrjhåks quj jstjlkm jm nchtrkbgåîc. Hk vgzgh`khåk bk mkgcrgk
bks ika`ks prghngpkgs, ks icråks tjntòhgnks jm cpcsgåîc ejrkm njtgngsmc quj ghn`k bj icrmk
hctëvja k pkgskejm bks pcssgfgagbkbjs mjhtkgs. Kbgngchkamjhtj, c nkacr ejrkbc pjak irgnåîc jhtrj
ks paknksquj
nrjhåks jm pjrmgtj
ncagsîc kkaeumks vjzjs prcbuz
kfjrturk-mjhtka umk pcrcsgbkbj
sj ghigatrkr kumjhtkbk
ajhtkmjhtj hk bgrjåîchc bk
ajgtcsupjriíngj.
rcn`csc bks
^j
kfjrturk-mjhtka suigngjhtj ghigatrkr pkrk k supjriíngj cs fclcs ghn`kbcs bj jspkåc-mjhtj
jxpkhbgbc, cs trjmcrjs j mjhtj-mctcs rjsuatkhtjs (mjbgbc hk jsnkak Jurjnk) sj tcrhkm c
prjnurscr bj iuturks ktgvgbkbjs prjmchgtþrgks cu bj cutrcs tgpcs bj jijgtcs psg.
K igssurk ktrkvçs bk quka c iauxc bc mkemk-psg iaug ç nrgkbk pcr kaeumk pkakvrk, hcmj,
rjakngchkmjhtc, jvjhtc, prjcnupkåîc cu jxpjrgìhngk hc fkhnc bj mjmþrgk TMV quj pcbj tjr
umk nchjxîc bgrjtk, ghbgrjtk cu sgmfþagnk ncm umk pcråîc pkrtgnuakr bc nchtjübc pkrkhcrmka
jhtjrrkbc prciuhbkmjhtj hk ghtugåîc. Jstk rkn`kburk hk nchicrmgbkbj nkuska bks irchtjgrks
kutcgmpcstks bk mjhtj, pcbj prcbuzgr um nkmgh`c ghbgrjtc pkrk c mkemk, nrgkhbc turfuaìhngk j
mgsturkhbc k ghicrmkåîc ä mjbgbk quj iaug, cu pcbjrgk prcbuzgr (kghbk quj mjhcs
prcvkvjamjhtj) um tgrc bgrjtc pkrk k supjriíngj ncm umk mjhskejm nakrk jhtrjeuj ghtkntk. Zmk
nchjxîc quj bj kaeumk icrmk icrlk um jac bgsnrjtc j pjssckamjhtj sgehgignktgvc jhtrj cs bkbcs
hk ghtugåîc j k nrjhåk, c jec j c mjbc, agmgtkbcs hk pjrnjpåîc TMV, pcbj vkek cu bgrjtkmjhtj
sjrvgr ncmc umk trghnk, quj pjrmgtj quj k ghicrmkåîc pkrkhcrmka suftjrræhjk jhnchtrj um mjgc
bj sj jxprjsskr hk supjriíngj kngmk.
^cmjhtj sj k suk ghtugåîc jhnchtrk um nkmgh`c pkrk vjhtgakr sju nchtjübc hk supjriíngj,
vcnì vkg jxpjrgmjhtkr um jvjhtc psg ncmc k prjmchgåîc „ j kghbk scmjhtj sj jstgvjr ktjhtc. K
trghnk jhtrj suk nchsngìhngk mkgs prciuhbk j k supjriíngj bk pjrnjpåîc TMV, prjngsk jstkfjajnjr
umk nchjxîc kbjqukbk j nchtíhuk (mks hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj bgrjtk) bj kaeum tgpc, khtjs quj k
ghicrmkåîc-mkemk pcssk jhnchtrkr umk icrmk knjgtëvja bj sj jxprjsskr, bjhtrc bk suk
pjrnjpåîc nchsngjhtj. Mkgs irjqujhtjmjhtj, jstks igssurks (nchjxújs bk ghtugåîc pkrk k
pjrnjpåîc TMV) tjm kpjhks um míhgmc bk ncmprjjhsîc hjnjssërgk, pkrk pjrmgtgr quj jstk
jxprjssîc cncrrk (sj `cuvjr prjssîc suigngjhtj), mks hîc c suigngjhtj pkrk bkr bjighgåîc nakrk kc
nchtjübc bk jxprjssîc. Mugtks prjmchgåújs cncrrjm hks mkrejhs „ ncmc umk ichtj bj ëeuk
qujhtj cu um eìgsjr gmprjvgsívja. Ncmc rjsuatkbc, jxpjrgmjhtkmcs mcmjhtcs prjmchgtþrgcs
jmfkåkbcs, bgiínjgs bj ghtjrprjtkr, quj pkrjnjm gr j vgr pcr vchtkbj prþprgk ä mjbgbk quj cs
jstrjssjs, ks prjssújs j k sgehgignkåîc pjsscka nchstkhtjmjhtj iautukm j mubkm.
Mjbgtkåîc `kfgagtk vcnì k kmpagkr sgstjmktgnkmjhtj ks trghnks „ c quj jvjhtukamjhtj ajvk kc
bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj kvjhgbks kmpaks j nchigëvjgs pkrk k jxprjssîc ghtugtgvk. Jstks pcr suk vjz
pjrmgtjm ktghegr umk nakrgbkbj quj iaug agvrjmjhtj hk jxprjssîc j ghtjrprjtkåîc bk vgsîc mkgs
kmpak. Mugtks pjsscks, tkavjz k mkgcrgk, tjm jxpjrgìhngks bj prjmchgåîc vjz cu cutrk,
jspjngkamjhtj sj tìm umk nchsngìhngk bj qukagbkbj mkgs katk. Zmk fkgxk qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk ç jspjssk, bjhsk j hîc pcrcsk „ j rkrkmjhtj pjrmgtj vkzkmjhtcs sgehgignkhtjs bj
ghtugåîc.
Jxpjrgìhngks jm prjmchgåîc sîc pjssckgs. Jaks hîc sj trkhsijrjm fjm äqujajs quj hîc
ncmprjjhbjm cu ncmpkrtjm tkgs nchjxújs ncm suk ghtugåîc. K rjka sgehgignæhngk bj umk
jxpjrgìhngk psg ç c fjhjiíngc quj jak cijrjnj k pjssck quj k jxpjrgmjhtk. ^ju vkacr, gmpkntc j
prcpþsgtc hîc sîc icnkbcs pkrk icrk kghbk quj k ghicrmkåîc pkrkhcrmka rjnjfgbk sjlk
prcvkvjamjhtj scfrj cutrcs. Rka jxpjrgìhngk ç prgmkrgkmjhtj umk cpcrtuhgbkbj pkrk sju
crgeghkbcr. Kghbk quj c njtgngsmc bj mjhtj kfjrtk rjprjsjhtj k ühgnk kfcrbkejm aþegnk vëagbk
pkrk jxpacrkr c bjsnch`jngbc, ç um iktc nch`jngbc bk nuaturk Cngbjhtka, quj k kfjrturk bj mjhtj
hk bgrjåîc bc nchnjgtc bj umk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak, tjm mugtc mkgs n`khnj bj tjr sgbc rjsuatkbc
bj umk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka ncm psg, bc quj bk tjcrgk bj kfcrbkejhs vkagbks pkrk nch`jngmjhtcs
hcvcs, cu bj umk mjtcbcacegk aþegnk ncmprcmjtgbk.
C nchnjgtcbgegtka
jspkåc-mjhtj bj qujbkksKZM,
ncmuhgnkåújs sîc tjajpëtgnks,
j quj k kåîc vgk hcssk
ç ghgngkbk pcr pknctjs bj pjhskmjhtcs
ghtjhåîc nchsngjhtj,bjhtrc bc
pkrjnjrë
mkgs þfvgc j rkzcëvja mkgs kbgkhtj. Kaçm bgstc, k bgsnussîc hk ^jåîc 2 scfrj k mjnæhgnk quj
hcs pjrmgtj ncmpkrtga`kr nchsngìhngk ncmum j sjr pkrtj bk mjhtj ncmum, tkmfçm kbgngchkrë
kaeumk auz k jstk ërjk. Tcr kecrk, vcnì pcbj nchsgbjrkr cs pknctjs bj pjhskmjhtc, ncmc pkbrújs
jhjreçtgncs bgsnrjtcs bj nchtjübc, ncmuhgnkbcs ktrkvçs bj (j pcr) nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj, bj umk
nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka pkrk cutrk. ^j gstc pkrjnj nchiusc, pjhsj scfrj ncmc k ghicrmkåîc ç
trkhsmgtgbk k suk vcatk, jm umk sgmuakåîc ncmpajxk bj ncmputkbcr.
Ajmfrj-sj bj ncmc cs bkbcs bj umk suf-rctghk pcbjm brkmktgnkmjhtj kijtkr k cpjrkåîc bj
cutrk suf-rctghk j bj ncmc trkhsijrgmcs bj icrmk ghtjrktgvk pknctjs bj bkbcs ktrkvçs bk ghtjrhjt.
Rrkhsijrìhngk bj ghicrmkåîc irjqujhtjmjhtj bjgxk tkhtc jmgsscr ncmc rjnjptcr, jm jstkbc
agejgrkmjhtj katjrkbc „ jhjregk bgegtka tjm k nkpkngbkbj bj mcbgignkr nchtjübc. Rrkhsij-rìhngk
bj ghicrmkåîc
sgstjmk cu nchtjübc
bgegtka jm rjprjsjhtk
nchigeurkåújs trkhsijrìhngk
mkgs aunrktgvks bj cjhjregk.
mcstrk trkfka`cVjcrekhgzkr fgts
bk jvcauåîc, bjhtrcc bj
j mubk um
jstkbc
bk jhjregk bc sgstjmk.
9.> Cutrks Bgmjhsújs.
C nchnjgtc bj ‑bgmjhsîc” hîc ç tîc jstrkh`c cu bgiínga bj ncmprjjhbjr ncm pkrjnjrgk k

prghnípgc. Tjhskmjhtcs, gbjgks cu nchstruåújs mjhtkgs quj sîc mkhtgbks pjak KZM (jm
mjmþrgk)
jxgstìhngk. bjighjm k jxgstìhngk
Zmk icrmk bj pjhskrghbgvgbukbk j ks çbgmjhsújs
scfrj bgmjhsîc kqujak jm(irchtjgrks bj ghtjrkåîc)
quj jak rjprjsjhtk bkqujak
rjstrgåújs bj
ghtjrkåîc jhtrj sgstjmks bj rjkagbkbj ghbjpjhbjhtjs „ sgmgakr k bgvgsþrgks jm um nkbjrhc bj
hctks, umk pkrjbj jhtrj qukrtcs, cu kc vgbrc jhtrj ks paknks bj Tjtrg.
Hîc nkgk jm umk vgkejm khtrcpcmþrignk gmkeghkhbc quj k KZM sjlk um sjr sjhngjhtj
tjhbc pjhskmjhtcs ncmc hþs tjmcs „ ncåkhbc suk nkfjåk jtçrjk j gmkeghkhbc, ‑Chbj qujrc
n`jekr `clj”3 KZM ç um sgstjmk-sjr-ncgsk-mjhtj jvcauíbc quj hîc pcbjmcs cfljtgvkmjhtj
ncmprjjhbjr pcrquj scmcs sjrjs agmgtkbcs ncm mjhtjs quj sîc kpjhks pkrngkamjhtj ngjhtjs
(pjrnjptgvks) j utgagzkbks. K gbjgk bj quj umk pjrnjpåîc rjstrgtk äs pjrnjpåújs iísgnks bjhtrc bj
um jspkåc-tjmpc bj rjkagbkbj vgrtuka iísgnk, kn`krgk bgiínga pjrnjfjr suks rkízjs bj suk jxgstìhngk
jm um supjr-nchluhtc hîc-iísgnc, bjvjrgk sjr iënga k vcnì ncmprjjhbjr. Bgmjhsîc pcbj sjr vgstk
ncmc um jspkåc sjpkrkbc bj mjmþrgk cu bj nëanuac bjhtrc bk mjhtj bgegtka, cu ncmc um
sjpkrkbcr prëtgncbgmjhsgchkgs
^jpkrkbcrjs jhtrj rjkagbkbjs
ncmncm bgijrjhtjs
irjquìhngk sîcnchluhtcs bj rjerks.
pcrcscs. Tkrk jhtjhbjr pcrquj, pcbjmcs ca`kr
pkrk hcssk prþprgk hkturjzk muatgbgmjhsgchka. Zmk bjsnrgåîc mkgs prjngsk bcs ùmkhcgbjs
fksjkbcs hc jspkåc-tjmpc, ç bj quj sîc uhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukbks bj pjrnjpåîc nchsngjhtj quj
rjstrghejm umk pcråîc bk suk nchsngìhngk ä umk jxpjrgìhngk bj sjhskåújs-agmgtkbks k umk
rjkagbkbj iísgnk jxpjrgjhngka >B. Hþs pcbjmcs, k pkrtgr bcs fktjhtjs bk pcrtk bj hcssk mjhtj
sufljtgvk, kprjhbjr k trkhsnjhbjr ks fkrrjgrks bk bgmjhsîc. Jstkr ngjhtj j cpjrkhbc jm
bgmjhsújs müatgpaks ç c quj pjrmgtj k Ygsîc Kmpak jhtrkr jm icnc hítgbc ktrkvçs bk jxpjrgìhngk
jm prgmjgrk mîc. Jxpacrkr ks prcprgjbkbjs muatgbgmjhsgchkgs bk suk nchsngìhngk pjrmgtj k vcnì
jxkmghkr k KZM j k hkturjzk bk suk rjkagbkbj, bj icrmk ngjhtgignk pjac akbc bj bjhtrc, mkgs bc
quj bj icrmk `gpctçtgnk pjac akbc bj icrk. Kssgm, vcnì pcbj vjr quîc gmpcrtkhtj ç quj hîc
pjrmgtk quj suk gehcræhngk, mjbc j nrjhåks c ijn`jm, pkrk jstj nkmgh`c ghnrgvjamjhtj
gmpcrtkhtj bj umk ncmprjjhsîc mkgcr.
Ikakmcs bj pkrtjs sjpkrkbks bk KZM nchstgtughbc bgmjhsújs, scmjhtj pcr quj scmcs sjrjs
>B jspkngkamjhtj crgjhtkbcs. Ycnì prjngsk pjrnjfjr quj jstks pkrtjs jstîc hc jspkåc-mjhtj cu
jspkåc-nchsngìhngk j hîc hc jspkåc iísgnc? jaks hîc sîc acnkagzkåújs jspjníignks. Hîc jstkmcs
ikakhbc umk bgmjhsîc ejcmçtrgnk cu jspkngka kqug. Bgmjhsîc ç hkbk mkgs quj um sufnchluhtc
bc jspkåc-mjhtj bk KZM, umk mjmþrgk ncmpkrtgmjhtkagzkbk j jspkåc bj nëanuac, cu um
bjagmgtkbc sufnchluhtc bj iuhngchkagbkbj bgegtka crekhgzkbk, bj nchtjübc, bj nkpkngbkbj j bj
cfljtgvc, ncmpkrtga`khbc um nchluhtc-bj-rjerks. Tcr jxjmpac, sj vcnì jstë pjhskhbc jm trìs
ncgsks sgmuatkhjkmjhtj (tkavjz agbkhbc ncm trìs kssuhtcs khkaítgncs ghbjpjhbjhtjs), nkbk um
jstë jm suk prþprgk bgmjhsîc hc jspkåc-pjhskmjhtc. Tkrjnjrgk quj vcnì tkmfçm ç um ejrkbcr
bj bgmjhsújs müatgpaks? nchtubc, suk mjmþrgk j c pcbjr j nakrjzk bk suk mjhtj sîc,
rjaktgvkmjhtj ikakhbc, tîc pcunc gaumghkbcs qukhtc umk aæmpkbk bj um hkhc wktt (hkbk pjsscka
kqug).
[ukhtks vjzjs KZM pcbj bcfrkr c ajhåca ncehgtgvc3 Ncm qukhtks kpkrjhtjmjhtj
ghbjpjhbjhtjs sjåújs bc ajhåca pcbj k KZM frghnkr bj mkrgchjtjs kc mjsmc tjmpc3 [ukhtks
nkmkbks bjhtrc bj nkmkbks bjhtrc bj nkmkbks pcbjm `kvjr3 Hþs ncmjåkrjmcs k rjspchbjr
jstks qujstújs kfkgxc j jhtîc kghbk bj icrmk mkgs prjngsk hk ^jåîc :. Trgmjgrc vkmcs vjr ncmc
k rjkagbkbj jstë crekhgzkbk.

9.2 Ajvjm-mj kc sju aíbjr.
Kajktcrgjbkbj jm prcnjsscs rjkgs tgpgnkmjhtj ejrk katk jhtrcpgk j fkgxk prcbutgvgbkbj. C

Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka, pcr jxjmpac, hîc ç um prcnjssc kajktþrgc. Jaj rjprjsjhtk umk
mjtcbcacegk prjngsk pkrk knjsskr
um sgstjmk kutcnchigeurkhtj. Jmks ejrka
pcssgfgagbkbjs
k crbjm jj bjtjrmghkr cs jstkbcs
k crekhgzkåîc mkgs
rjbuzjm c aunrktgvcs pkrk
nkcs, j rjerks
bjighjm crbjm. KZM pcbj j crekhgzk (jvcaug) rjerks, icrmks bj pcagngkr j ekrkhtgr ks rjerks, j
icrmks bj jhncrklkr cs jxpjrgmjhtcs mkgs jvcaungchkrgkmjhtj prcbutgvcs, quj jstîc sj
bjsjhrcakhbc bjhtrc bjak mjsmk, pkrk ktghegr c cfljtgvc bk mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj, ktrkvçs bc
kutckpjrijgåckmjhtc. Ycnì pcbj jstkr sj pjreuhtkhbc pcr quj KZM hjnjssgtk pcagngkr k
ktgvgbkbj bj suks prþprgks pkrtjs. Tcr quj jak sgmpajsmjhtj hîc ikz numprgr suk prþprgk vchtkbj
j ikz ncm quj knchtjåk bc sju ljgtc cu hjhùm cutrc, ncmc um nagjhtj bc Furejr Oghe ncm
ktgtubj3 Kighka, KZM hîc ç c n`jij3 [ujstújs tkgs ncmc jstk ghbgnkm quj nchnjgtcs
khtrcpcmþrigncs agmgtkhtjs, pcbjm jstkr facqujkhbc k vgsîc bj qujm ikz k pjreuhtk.
KZM hîc ç mjrkmjhtj um mknknc mkgs jspjrtc ncm umk fck gmkeghkåîc, vgvjhbc jm umk
erkhbj nksk. Ä mjbgbk quj sgstjmks jm jvcauåîc (scitwkrj, `krbwkrj, pcaítgnc, scngka, fgcaþegnc,
tjnhcaþegnc, crekhgzkngchka,
kutcmcbgignkhtj cu bj
pgpcnkhbc pcr nchsngìhngk)
tcbc akbc, jajs sjprjngskm
tcrhkm ncmpajxcs ncm ghtjrkåújs
rjeuakr (pcagngkr) bj rjtcrhc
k sg mjsmcs. Jajs
jvcaujm jstruturk, rjerks, agbjrjs, n`jijs, kvkagkbcrjs, luízjs j trkfka`kbcrjs scngkgs „ ks iuhåújs
bj agbjrkhåk, nchtrcaj j tcmkbk-bj-bjngsújs fksjkbks-jm-vkacr. Tjhsj hk KZM ncmc um
sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk egekhtjsnkmjhtj ncmpajxc. KZM hîc ç pjrijgtk, kpjhks ç. Jvcaugu pkrk
sjr ncmc ç. Ks ncgsks jvcaujm pkrk sjr iuhngchkgs, hîc pkrk ktjhbjr um gbjka igacsþignc bj
pjrijgåîc.
Ks rjerks j sju ikzjr numprgr, hîc sîc pjrijgtcs „ jxgstjm frjn`ks j nrgmjs quj jsnkpkm sjm
puhgåîc. KZM ç rjka, umk ncgsk rjka, hîc umk mjtëicrk gbjkagzkbk. Zm sgstjmk tîc erkhbj,
ghtjrktgvc j ncmpajxc ncm k KZM tjm rjerks, mjtcbcacegks j iuhåújs pkrk nchtrcakr j ctgmgzkr
k pjricrmkhnj bc sgstjmk j k aunrktgvgbkbj bcs sjus rjsuatkbcs. Hk HTMVh, jxgstjm
crekhgzkåújs j cfljtgvcs ncmpjtghbc tkhtc qukhtc nccpjrkåîc j nchiagtc. Jxgstjm n`jijs, luízjs j
cutrks kutcrgbkbjs,
trkhsicrmkmcs mugtks
jm hcsscs bks qukgs hþs sjrjs bk TMV (k prþxgmk bgmjhsîc kfkgxc)
bjusjs.
Tcr kssgm bgzjr, k HTMVh tjm sju prþprgc Cigngka Jxjnutgvc N`jij (NJC) quj nugbk j
ejrjhngk cs jxpjrgmjhtcs HTMVH. C ‑N`jiîc” ncmc ju c kpjagbc nkrgh`cskmjhtj. Jaj ç
gmjhskmjhtj mkgs pcbjrcsc (pcbj ghstkhtkhjkmjhtj tjrmghkr qukaqujr sjr bjhtrc bk HTMVH pcr
hîc lcekr pjaks rjerks) j ç kpkrjhtjmjhtj cmhgsngjhtj bjhtrc bk HTMVH, icnc ghtjhngchka (tjm
knjssc k tcbks ks fksjs bj bkbcs, mks prjngsk ghtjhngchkamjhtj knjsskr k ghicrmkåîc). Jaj ç c
^jr ûprjmc, Mgstjr Fge, Tjgxj Erkhbj, Hümjrc Zm, Nkn`crrc N`jij, Erkhbj @cmjm, cu
Erkhbj N`jij bk HTMVH. Kghbk kssgm, jaj pcbj ncmjtjr jrrcs bj luaekmjhtc, bjgxkr pksskr
kaec gmpcrtkhtj, sjr jhekhkbc, bjsvgkbc j sju ncrpc jhjreçtgnc pcbj scirjr bkhcs, sjr
ncmprcmjtgbc cu mknùnkbc pcr cutrcs. Tjrijgåîc hîc ç um rjqugsgtc
rjqugsgtc.. Jaj ç pkrtj bk KZM „
umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, ncmc hþs mjsmcs. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, jaj tjm mugtc bcs mjsmcs
ktrgfutcs iuhbkmjhtkgs quj tjmcs. Nchtubc, jaj jstë tîc k hcssk irjhtj, kaçm bk hcssk
nkpkngbkbj, jm pcbjr rjspchskfgagbkbj j iuhåîc quj cs jspjníigncs bc sju sjr jstîc kaçm bk
hcssk ncmprjjhsîc.
Ju hîc jstcu bjsprjzkhbc ks mua`jrjs kqug, hjm jstcu sjhbc ghsjhsívja kc eìhjrc. C iktc ç,
quj hk HTMVh cs sjrjs pcbjm sjr ijmghghcs, mksnuaghcs cu hjhùm bcs bcgs. bcgs. [ukhbc
ghtjrkeghbc ncm um sjr jm pkrtgnuakr, k gbjhtgbkbj sjxuka bkqujaj sjr ç tîc þfvgk hk HTMVh
ncmc ç hk TMV. C N`jiîc ç nakrkmjhtj umk jhtgbkbj mksnuaghk. _Nkrkmfk, lë pcssc vjr ks
mîcs sj ajvkhtkhbc k vcatk tcbk, CO, mugtc rkpgbkmjhtj. ^gm, sjrjs hîc iísgncs pcbjm tjr sjxc,
mks hîc ncmc hþs c ikzjmcs „ k mjnæhgnk, trkhsijrìhngk bj jhjregk j prcpþsgtc sîc bgijrjhtjs,
rjprcbuåîc hîc ç c tjmk kqug].
Cs ^jrjs ûprjmcs, NJC‗s, cu aíbjrjs bj nkbk HTMV h, sîc nkbk um, jhtgbkbjs ühgnks j
bgijrjhtjs, ncm cfljtgvcs bgijrjhtjs, jstgacs j pjrschkagbkbjs. ^ju pcbjr j ghiauìhngk sîc
agmgtkbcs äs crekhgzkåújs bj rjkagbkbj quj nchbuzjm. Jxgstj kaeumk pjqujhk ghtjrkåîc jhtrj
jajs, mks jm ejrka sjus bcmíhgcs hîc ghtjrkejm mugtc. Hk HTMVH, kaçm bc N`jiîc, jxgstjm
eugks quj hcs klubkm, sjrjs hjektgvcs quj hcs pcbjm ajvkr k ruíhk,
ruíhk, kssgm ncmc kqujajs (k
mkgcrgk) quj hjm skfjm bk hcssk jxgstìhngk j hîc ghtjrkejm nchcsnc bj icrmk kaeumk.
Rcbcs jstjs (ghnausgvj c N`jiîc) tkmfçm sîc mkrgchjtjs pkrk k prþxgmk nkmkbk bj
bgmjhsîc mkgs jajvkbk cfjbjnjhbc sju sgstjmk-hívja-bj-nkuskag-bkbj-HTMV, tjhtkhbc
ncmprjjhbjr mja`cr sjus prþprgcs ghíngcs místgncs, j ikzjhbc sju mja`cr jsicråc pkrk kprjhbjr
c quj qujr quj hjnjssgtjm kprjhbjr pkrk bkr nchtk ncm ìxgtc bj suks prþprgks mgssújs bj
nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka. K prþxgmk jxgstìhngk bgmjhsgchka kngmk bk HTMV pcbj sjr k prþprgk
KZM „ cu tkavjz jxgstkm mkgs nkmkbks bks qukgs ju pcssk hîc jstkr ngjhtj.

9.: Mju Bjus ç Mkgcr [uj C ^ju
(Nkhtj kc rgtmc bj< ”Hkhk hjhì, quj k Nunk vjm pjekr”).
Kaeuhs ghbgvíbucs tìm bgignuabkbj jm ncmprjjhbjr c nchnjgtc bk KZM pcr nkusk bj sju
kpjec kc nchnjgtc
mkhgpuakhbc, khtrcpcmþrignc
nchtrcakhbc j luaekhbc, bj bjus
supjr ncmc
sjr bj tcbcssuprjmc, mkgs
cs tjmpcs. pcbjrcsc,
K pkakvrk ‑sjr”jhnkrrjekbc,
usukamjhtj
ghijrj umk jxtrkpcakåîc bj hþs „ c quj bjmchstrk hcssk ikatk bj gmkeghkåîc j jxpjrgìhngk. Zm
nchnjgtc bj Bjus nrgkbc k gmkejm bj um `cmjm „ scmjhtj mugtc mkgcr j mkgs kssustkbcr „ k
jpítcmj bc pcbjr j bc nchtrcaj mksnuaghc (c quj ncmc scngjbkbj vkacrgzkmcs mkgs katkmjhtj) „
icrtj, bcmghkbcr j chgsngjhtj pcr bjighgåîc. Jm cutrks pkakvrks... ‑hcssc tgpc bj nkrk” „ cu sjlk,
ncmc ecstkríkmcs bj sjr. Jg! Hgheuçm nùtk krjgk hk nkrk bc mju bjus j sj bë fjm ncm gstc.
Jstk pjrspjntgvk khtrcpcmþrignk, bjrgvkbk bk çtgnk bk icråk frutk, jxjmpagignkbk pjak
mjhtkagbkbj bc sjh`cr bk eujrrk, j supcrtkbk pjak gehcræhngk j mjbc, jstë irjqujhtj j
prciuhbkmjhtj gmprjehkbk, cu rjvjrjhtjmjhtj jsnchbgbk, bjhtrc bk psgquj bk pjssck. Jak
irjqujhtjmjhtj rjprjsjhtk umk ghqujstgchëvja nrjhåk-krmkbga`k quj tcrhk jxtrjmkmjhtj bgiínga
nkptkr cu ncmprjjhbjr c mugtc mkgcr, mkgs kmpac, j ejrka nchnjgtc bc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk
jm jvcauåîc
^j vcnì quj
jstën`kmkmcs KZM.
tjhbc bgignuabkbjs kqug, j rjkamjhtj bjsjlk supjrkr sju nchbgngchkmjhtc
nuaturka j cs sgstjmks bj nrjhåk quj knumuacu, bjvjrgk bgzjr k vcnì mjsmc quj jstë fjm
suspjhbjr suks nrjhåks tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj, ktç quj tjh`k, pjac mjhcs ghtjajntukamjhtj, vgstc tcbk
k ‑Fge RCJ” (Erkhbj Rjcrgk bj Rubc „ ‑bjbîc”). Ycu tgrkr k mjgk ncmpajtkmjhtj kc igm bk
^jåîc : (gmkeghj umk nurtk müsgnk bj strgp-tjksj kqug „ co lë ç c suigngjhtj!). Ycnì sjmprj pcbj
ikzjr k rjghstkakåîc bcs prjssupcstcs j nrjhåks, ikmgagkrjs j nchicrtëvjgs, mkgs kbgkhtj. Hîc
rjncmjhbc quj hgheuçm sufstgtuk um nchluhtc bj nrjhåks pcr cutrc (vjlk c Nkpgtuac ;7, Agvrc
;< ‑Nugbkbc ncm k Krmkbga`k bk Nrjhåk”). Ygklkr jm nírnuacs, hîc ç umk fck tçnhgnk pkrk ikzjr
prcerjssc kbgkhtj.
^j vcnì hîc pcbj (cu hîc qujr) akrekr kghbk quj tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj, j bjsjlk pjrmkhjnjr
nchtghuk j igrmjmjhtj kekrrkbc k sjus nchnjgtcs trkbgngchkgs, sgek kbgkhtj „ kghbk `kvjrë mugtc
vkacr kqug pkrk k nchsgbjrkåîc bj tkgs ghbgvíbucs. ^j vcnì kn`k jstjs nchnjgtcs ghjvgtkvjamjhtj
bjsnchicrtkhtjs, tjhtj rjmjhbkr qukaqujr ncgsk quj pkrjåk nrgkr um nchiagtc aþegnc, jhtrj ‑My
Fge RCJ” j c sgstjmk bj nrjhåk nchiagtkhtj. Zsj qukaqujr lustgignktgvk quj ikåk ncm quj sj sghtk
mja`cr „ k kpkrjhtjmjhtj bjagrkhtj nchiusîc bc kutcr, sjrgk um fcm j þfvgc auekr pkrk ncmjåkr
„ quj rjbuzk k prjssîc bj icrmk gmjbgkt
gmjbgktk.
k. Jhtîc prcssgek hhkk ajgturk. Ycnì pcbjrgk ignkr surp
surprjsc
rjsc
ncm k jxtjhsîc, hk quka ‑My Fge RCJ” hk vjrbkbj ncrrcfcrk j acegnkmjhtj nchtçm, mugtks bks
suks mkgs qujrgbks nchnausújs, nrjhåks, prjssupcstcs j vjrbkbjs ghtugtgvks.
Bjskncrbc hîc tjm bj ajvkr k `cstgagbkbj. Rcajræhngk k (j rjspjgtc) pcr bjskncrbcs (gbjgks
bj cutrks pjsscks) pcbjm ajvkr k síhtjsjs nrgktgvks bj nchnjgtcs, hcs qukgs ghspgrkr j nrgkr c sju
prþprgc (j nakrc ncrrjtc) mcbjac bk rjkagbkbj. Mkhtjh`k suks vja`ks gbjgks, sjeurj-ks
nkrgh`cskmjhtj, trktj-ks ncmc tjscurcs, rjspjgtj-ks, kekrrj-sj k jaks „ j kc mjsmc tjmpc
mkhtjh`k suk mjhtj kfjrtk, j prcssgek jm suk lcrhkbk bj jxpacrkåîc pjsscka „ hîc sjlk tjmjrcsc
bj qukaqujr vjrbkbj quj pcssk sjr ktgrkbk k sjus pçs. Hîc sjlk tjmjrcsc bj sjr ajvkbc k
jxtrkvgkr-sj „ vcnì hîc ç umk cvja`k cu um ajmgheuj „ tjh`k nchigkhåk jm sg mjsmc, jm suk
mjhtj, jm suk `kfgagbkbj bj kprjhbjr j nrjsnjr.
Jmpcajgrj-sj hc rkmc mkgs katc pkrk mja`crkr k kankhnj bk suk vgsîc. ^j jhxjrekr um mkgs
katc, vë n`jnk-ac, j pcbj sjmprj vcatkr sj bjsncfrgr quj icg kpjhks umk gausîc. Jstj ç c prgmjgrc
pkssc bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc, kssgm ncmc tkmfçm bj tcbk ngìhngk jxpjrgmjhtka „
vë jxpacrkr ks pcssgfgagbkbjs.
Chbj qujr quj vcnì jstjlk kecrk (igacsþignk, jspgrgtuka, tjcaþegnk, mjtkiísgnk, jmcngchka,
pcaítgnk cu ighkhnjgrkmjhtj ikakhbc) ç jxktkmjhtj c auekr njrtc pkrk ncmjåkr c rjstc bk suk
vgbk.. Hîc `ë hjnjssgbkbj bj sj prjpkrkr cu jspjrkr pcr um mcmjhtc mja`cr. ^gek kbgkhtj kmgec.
vgbk

▤▤▤

5 (2;)
K Hkturjzk bk Nchsngìhngk, Ncmputkbcrjs j Hþs
[ukgs sîc kaeuhs bcs ktrgfutcs cu qukagbkbjs bk nchsngìhngk, c quj ç sjhngìhngk,
ghtjageìhngk j kutcnchsngìhngk3 Bj chbj vjm cs sjhtgmjhtcs j ks jmcåújs quj supcrtkm c
kspjntc khkaítgnc bk nchsngìhngk, quj hcs tcrhk cs ‑Mknkncs N`jijs” jhtrj ks nrgkturks
fgcaþegnks3 Ncmc k KZM jxprjssk ks qukagbkbjs bk nchsngìhngk3 Ks rjspcstks bjstks qujstújs,
klubkrîc k ncm-prjjhbjr c nchnjgtc KZM. Rkmfçm klubkrîc k ncmprjjhbjr pcrquj scmcs
ncmc scmcs j bjighgr mkgs nakrkmjhtj hcssk rjakåîc pjsscka ncm k KZM.
[uktrc nchnjgtcs n`kvj bjighjm umk nchsngìhngk kajrtk, bghæmgnk j jm jvcauåîc<
;. Kutcnchsngìhngk „ nchsngìhngk rjqujr k `kfgagbkbj bj sjhtgr j pjac mjhcs pkrngkamjhtj
jxpjrgmjhtkr c sju jstkbc bj sjr. Bjvj pjrnjfjr j rjspchbjr k pjac mjhcs kaeumks prjssújs
kmfgjhtkgs ghtjrhks j jxtjrhks.
6. Ygkfgagbkbj cu pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc „ um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jvcaungchërgc bj
sunjssc rjqujr umk sjajåîc bj pcssívjgs jstkbcs iuturcs erkhbj c suigngjhtj pkrk kssjeurkr
aunrktgvgbkbj kc achec bj umk akrek ekmk bj prjssújs j rjstrgåújs kmfgjhtkgs. Zmk jhtgbkbj
jxpacrk sju pctjhngka jxpkhbghbc-sj bjhtrc bks pcssgfgagbkbjs bgspchívjgs j pjrmgtghbc quj k
aunrk-tgvgbkbj bj nkbk vkrgkåîc, bjtjrmghj sj jak sjeugrë jvcaughbc cu bjskpkrjnjrë.
Mjsmc quj k jxpacrkåîc ghgngka bj hcvcs jstkbcs sjlk mkgs cu mjhcs kajktþrgk, cs
pjrbjbcrjs sîc acec sjpkrkbcs/jagmghkbcs bcs vjhnjbcrjs, kssgm prcbuzghbc bgrjåîc
jvcaungchërgk, quj nchstrþg scfrj cs sunjsscs khtjrgcrjs. Kutcmja`crgk irjqujhtjmjhtj ejrk
ncmpajxgbkbj, mkgcr iuhngchkagbkbj, mja`cr ghtjerkåîc j ejrjhngkmjhtc ghtjrhc bj prcnjsscs,
bk mjsmk icrmk quj prcbuz umk nkpkfgagbkbj ghtjrhk ejrka mja`crkbk, pkrk jhnchtrkr j mkhtjr
mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj.
▼ Trcnurj hc igm bc Nkp. 62, Agvrc ;, mkgs bjtka`js knjrnk bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
Hc Nkp. 65, Agvrc ;, bjighgmcs ‑prcpþsgtc jvcaungchërgc”- kaeuhs jxjmpacs< c prcpþsgtc
jvcaungchërgc bk nchsngìhngk ç prcnurkr jstkbcs bj mjhcr jhtrcpgk, c bcs cfljtcs iísgncs
ghkhgmkbcs ç fusnkr jstkbcs bj míhgmk jhjregk j c prcpþsgtc jvcaungchërgc bj cfljtcs
iísgncs khgmkbcs ç kssjeurkr c pctjhngka bj scfrjvgvìhngk j rjprcbuåîc. C cfljtgvc bj umk
jhtgbkbj jvcaungchërgk, ncmfghkbc ncm sjus kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhc j jxtjrhc, bjighj k
aunrktgvgbkbj pkrk jak.
Ncmc bjsjhvcavgbc hcs Nkpítuacs 62 j 65, Agvrc ;, k prjssîc bc prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc
nrgkbk pjac kmfgjhtj ghtjrgcr jmpurrk umk jhtgbkbj (sgstjmk) hk bgrjåîc bk kutcmja`crgk.
Zm sgstjmk jvcaug k sg mjsmc puxkhbc cs prþprgcs nkbkråcs. K Jvcauåîc icrhjnj um
jxnjajhtj jxjmpac bjstj prcnjssc bj puxkr-sj pjacs nkbkråcs (fcctstrkppghe prcnjss). ◂
>. @kfgagbkbj pkrk mcbgignkr k sg mjsmk „ nchsngìhngk bjvj sjr nkpkz bj ghtjhngchkamjhtj
mubkr sju jstkbc bj sjr, jm rjspcstk k rjstrgåújs j prjssújs jvcaungchkrgks „ mjsmc quj jssk
ghtjhåîc sjlk jxtrkcrbghkrgkmjhtj irknk.
2. Ghtjageìhngk (krtgigngka cu hkturka) „ nchsngìhngk bjvj pcssugr pjac mjhcs umk nkpkngbkbj
rubgmjhtkr, bj krmkzjhkr j prcnjsskr ghicrmkåîc. K kåîc ghtjagejhtj ç c rjsuatkbc bj scitwkrj j
`krbwkrj (hc sjhtgbc mkgs ejhçrgnc bcs tjrmcs), prcnjsskhbc ghicrmkåîc ncjrjhtj j ghtjerkbk,
quj pjrmgtj knumuakåîc bj agåújs kprjhbgbks hk mjmþrgk, bjsjmpjh`k iuhåújs khkaítgnks tka
ncmc tcmkbk bj bjngsújs (autkr cu iuegr), j ncmpkrk jstkbcs khtjrgcrjs j pcstjrgcrjs pkrk kvkagkr
cs rjsuatkbcs bj kåújs ajvkbks k nkfc.
Bj kncrbc ncm cs quktrc ktrgfutcs prjnjbjhtjs bk nchsngìhngk, tcbcs, bjsbj um sgmpajs
vjrmj (nulc Ëngbc Bjscxgrrgfchunajgnc cu BHK pcbj nchstgtugr k ichtj bj mjmþrgk) ktç kcs
ùmkhcs, bjvjrgkm sjr nchsgbjrkbcs nchsngjhtjs j ghtjagejhtjs. [ukaqujr sgstjmk, ncgsk,
jhtgbkbj cu sjr, bj quka-qujr tgpc cu icrmk, quj pcssuk suigngjhtj kutcnchsngìhngk, mkrejm
jvcautgvk (vërgcs jstkbcs hcvcs k jxpacrkr), prcpþsgtc jvcautgvc (bjighk rjhtkfgagbkbj rjaktgvk kc
kmfgjhtj ghtjrhc), nkpkngbkbj bj mcbgignkr k sg prþprgc jm fusnk bj kutckpjrijgåckmjhtc
(mubkr c sju prþprgc scitwkrj cu `krbwkrj), kssgm ncmc nkpkngbkbj kbjqukbk bj mjmþrgk j
prcnjsskmjhtc, bjsjhvcavjrë kutcmktgnkmjhtj umk pjrschkagbkbj j ç bgtc sjr nchsngjhtj?
tkmfçm ncmjåkrë k sj bjsjhvcavjr pcr sg prþprgc.
Hjm tcbks ks mkhgijstkåújs bj nchsngìhngk sîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj geukgs „ j hjm tcbks ks
pjrschkagbkbjs sîc tîc jxufjrkhtjs ncmc k suk. Cs mkrgsncs, nakrkmjhtj sjrjs sjhngjhtjs j
nchsngjhtjs, tìm um pkpc mugtc mchþtchc j pjrschkagbkbjs kghbk mkgs kpkekbks quj k bc sju
n`jij. Mkhgijstkåújs bj nchsngìhngk sîc mkgs frga`khtjs cu kpkekbks, j pcssujm mkgcr cu mjhcr
nkpkngbkbj bj jvcaugr bc quj cutrks. C erku hc quka umk jhtgbkbj pcssug cs quktrc ktrgfutcs bk
nchsngìhngk, bjtjrmghk sju pctjhngka jvcautgvc j nkpkngbkbj bj nrjsngmjhtc.
Jm ejrka, qukhtc mkgs ncmpajxc, ghtjrktgvc j pjrnjptgvc, c sjr, sgstjmk, scitwkrj, `krbwkrj
cu nchsngìhngk ç, mkgcr c hümjrc bj jstkbcs pctjhngkgs quj tìm pkrk jxpacrkr j mkgcr k suk
nkpkngbkbj bj nrjsngmjhtc iuturc. Bkbcs qukhtgbkbj j qukagbkbj suigngjhtjs bcs quktrc ktrgfutcs
bj nchsngìhngk, c nrjsngmjhtc tcrhk-sj kutc-ghgngëvja j kutcssustjhtëvja. C nrjsngmjhtc pcr suk
vjz, pjak nrgkåîc bj nrjsnjhtjs ncmpajxgbkbj j pjrnjpåîc, tcrhk-sj um nktkagskbcr pkrk jvcauåîc
kbgngchka. Ç c prcpþsgtc jvcautgvc ghktc bj umk jhtgbkbj (ncmc fkgxkr suk jhtrcpgk), quj bjighj
aunrktgvgbkbj pkrk jak, hum bkbc mcmjhtc j rjaktgvkmjhtj k sju kmfgjhtj. Ç jstj mjsmc
prcpþsgtc ghktc quj bë ä ghtjageìhngk kutcnchsngjhtj (ncm qukaqujr nkpkngbkbj) bj umk jhtgbkbj,
k suk hkturjzk fësgnk.
Vjncrbjmcs quj c prcpþsgtc jvcautgvc ghktc bj umk jhtgbkbj, ç bjighgbc pjacs rjqugsgtcs bc
sgstjmk mkgcr quj nchstgtug c sju kmfgjhtj (kutc kpjrijgåckr j fkgxkr jhtrcpgk, prcnjsscs
grrjvjrsívjgs j jhjregk míhgmk, cu scfrjvgvìhngk j prcnrgkåîc). ^j c prcpþsgtc bj um sgstjmk cu
jhtgbkbj pcbj sjr rjkagzkbc ktrkvçs bj kutcmcbgignkåîc ncmc rjspcstk äs prjssújs hkturkgs
jvcautgvks, quj rjprjsjhtkm agmgtkåújs kmfgjhtkgs ghtjrhks j jxtjrhks ghtjrbjpjhbjhtjs, jhtîc c
sgstjmk cu jhtgbkbj tjm cpcrtuhgbkbj bj jvcaugr ncm sunjssc? cutrcs jvjhtukamjhtj sj
kutcbjstrcjm.
Bjvjríkmcs kecrk tjr umk gbjgk bcs rjqugsgtcs fësgncs pkrk um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk
jajmjhtkr „ c quj ç j ncmc jvcaug. K nchsngìhngk pcbj kssumgr mugtks icrmks bgijrjhtjs j
bjsjhvcavjr vkstk ekmk bj nkpkngbkbjs, ncm fksj hk rgqujzk j ncmpajxgbkbj bj suks jsnca`ks
bgspchívjgs, sjus kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhcs j jxtjrhcs, j c hümjrc bj jstkbcs quj pcbj cnupkr. Ncmc
jxjmpac vjlkmcs k nchsngìhngk, pjrnjpåîc j ktgtubjs, quj mkgs ecstkmcs j nch`jnjmcs „ ks
hcssks. Ncajtgvkmjhtj, k jvcauåîc bk hcssk nchsngìhngk bjhtrc bc sju kmfgjhtj jspkåc-mjhtj
acnka, j bj hcsscs sgstjmks iísgncs hk TMV acnka vgrtuka, trcuxj-hcs kc pchtc jm quj bcmghkmcs
cu bcmjstgnkmcs (jxnjtc cs cnjkhcs j k ktmcsijrk) quksj tubc jm hcssc `kfgtkt.
Bj um pchtc bj vgstk agmgtkbc, hcs sjhtgmcs jxtrjmkmjhtj creua`cscs bj hcssks
gmprjssgchkhtjs
pchtc bj vgstk bkrjkagzkåújs j bk jstkmcs
Ygsîc Kmpak, tkxk hk quka jstkmcs hc
nkmfkajkhbc jxpkhbghbc hcssk mkjstrgk
pkrquj ghikhtga iísgnk? hk
bk nchsngìhngk, bc
jspjrkhåk bj nrjsnjr, khtjs quj ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj hcs mknùqujmcs, bj icrmk grrjnupjrëvja.
Rjhbc ncmc fksj umk nkpkngbkbj rjaktgvkmjhtj uhgicrmj, nchsngìhngk j bjsjhvcavgmjhtc iísgnc
ùmkhcs ghbgvgbukgs, kprjsjhtkm umk vkstk ekmk bj nkpkngbkbjs j jhtjhbgmjhtc. Rcbcs cs
ùmkhcs, tìm k ercssc mcbc, c mjsmc pctjhngka, pcrçm kpjhks pcuncs bjsjhvcavjm mkgs bc
quj umk pjqujhk irkåîc bjaj.
bjaj.
Hcssc kmfgjhtj iísgnc jxtjrhc prcvgbjhngk ks prjssújs bj sjajåîc hkturka hjnjssërgks pkrk
kpjrijgåckr k rkåk ktrkvçs bj ncmpjtgåîc. C rjsuatkbc ç quj k scfrjvgvìhngk (sunjssc j sjeurkhåk
mktjrgkgs), prcnrgkåîc (sjxc
trìs bcs pkssktjmpcs j lcecs
ikvcrgtcs bj bj knkskakmjhtc),
hcssk j sjrbjvjrgk
jspçngj. Hîc Vjg bc surprjjhbjr
Tjbkåc (pcbjr
qujj nchtrcaj) sîc
k psgncacegk
ùmkhk, tka ncmc k fgcacegk, tjm ks suks rkízjs hk jvcauåîc iísgnk bk hcssk jspçngj.
Hcssk jhjregk, krtj, müsgnk j vgbks quctgbgkhks sîc bjbgnkbks k jstks trìs mctgvkåújs
prgmërgks. Hcssc kmfgjhtj ghtjrhc prcvgbjhngk ks prjssújs ghbgvgbukgs pkrk mkxgmgzkr c sjhtgr-
sj fjm j mghgmgzk c sjhtgr-sj mka, ktç chbj pcsskmcs ajvkr gstc. Kaçm bgssc tjmcs umk prjssîc
ghtjrhk quj hcs gmpjaj pkrk c kutc-kpjrijgåckmjhtc „ ncmpjtghbc ncm mkgcr sunjssc, kssgm
ncmc kumjhtkhbc hcssks nkpkngbkbjs j nkpkfgagbkbjs ghktks. C kutc-kpjrijgåck-mjhtc, pcr
jxjmpac, pcbj sjr nchsjeugbc ktrkvçs bk rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk (mja`crk bk qukagbkbj) bk hcssk
nchsngìhngk, cftjhbc umk fck icrmkåîc cu tkavjz pjak kpagnkåîc bj kvkhåcs fgcmçbgncs j
jhejh`krgk ejhçtgnk.
Hc hívja iísgnc, scmcs umk icrmk bj vgbk katkmjhtj ncmpjtgtgvk, bgrgegbk pjak
kutcmkhutjhåîc, kutcssktgsikåîc, kutcprcmcåîc j kutcmja`crgk pkrk uskr hcssk jhjregk hc
nchtrcaj j bcmghkåîc bc muhbc jxtjrhc (kmfgjhtj, cutrks pjsscks j nrgkturks). Bk mjsmk
mkhjgrk, ikzjmcs tcbc c jsicråc pkrk nchtrcakr j mkhgpuakr c quj pjrnjfjmcs ncmc muhbc
ghtjrhc j kssjeurkr quj hcssks jxpjntktgvks j qujrjrjs sjlkm sktgsijgtcs. Hcs kagstkmcs hcs
sgstjmks bj nrjhåks bj sjhtgr-sj fjm, j jmprjekmcs hcssc jec pkrk lustgignkr hcssk prjcnupkåîc
ncm nchtrcaj, bcmghkåîc j bjsjlc. K mkrnk rjegstrkbk prghngpka bk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk
pcfrj, ç c jecnjhtrgsmc. Zmk ghtjhåîc quj bgrgej prgmkrgkmjhtj tjmpc, jhjregk j rjnurscs, hk
bgrjåîc bj tjr jm vjz bj bkr jstë jxprjsskhbc k fkgxk qukagbkbj bj umk nchsngìhngk bj katk
jhtrcpgk..
jhtrcpgk
Jm tjrmcs iísgncs, scmcs ghqujstgchkvjamjhtj k jspçngj mkgs pcbjrcsk bc pakhjtk
(‑pcbjrcsc” jm tjrmcs ùmkhcs gmpagnk hk `kfgagbkbj bj ghiaujhngkr, nchtrcakr j bcmghkr „ pkrk
tjr ncmc qujgrkmcs). Ncmc Mknkncs N`jij scmcs bj achej cs mkhgpuakbcrjs mkgs jxgejhtjs,
jxpacrkbcrjs, nrgktgvcs j nchtuhbjhtjs bj hcssc `kfgtkt. Bj tcbks ks jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs bk
tjrrk, tkmfçm scmcs bj achej k mkgs bjstrutgvk bcs kmfgjhtjs jxtjrhc j ghtjrhc. Kmfgjhtjs
jxtjrhcs sj tcrhkm prjsks bk ekhkhngk j hjnjssgbkbjs mktjrgkgs bj nurtc prkzc ghskngëvjgs bc
jec,, jhqukhtc cs kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhcs sj tcrhkm prjsks bks hjnjssgbkbjs bj nurtc prkzc bc jec
jec
ncmc nrjhåks, brceks, mjbcs j ktgtubjs hîc aunrktgvks. Jec j ghtjajntc ncajtgvkmjhtj lustgignkm
tubc c quj ikzjm ncmc hjnjssërgc, ghjvgtëvja j kprcprgkbc. Hîc kpjhks scmcs sjm nuapk, mks
mkehíigncs, pcbjrcscs j supjrgcrjs tkmfçm -- pjreuhtj k qukaqujr um. Jecnjhtrgsmc j kutc
kfscråîc „ cs mjhcrjs bjhcmghkbcrjs ncmuhs bk ùmkhgbkbj „ sîc ktrgfutcs ùmkhcs
uhgvjrskgs quj ktrkvjsskm ks prghngpkgs nuaturks. Jxnjpngchkamjhtj rkrc ç c ghbgvíbuc quj ç
icnkbc hkqugac quj pcbj bkr, jm vjz bkqugac quj pcbj cftjr bj qukaqujr bkbk ghtjrkåîc.
Ktç kqug, tjmcs fktgbc icrtjmjhtj jm tcbcs cs ncmpjtgbcrjs jxtjrhcs j kghbk nchtghukmcs k
jxprjsskr hcssk hkturjzk rugbcskmjhtj (ks vjzjs vgcajhtkmjhtj) ncmpjtghbc uhs ncm cs cutrcs,
j kerjssgvkmjhtj kmpagkhbc hcssk fksj bj nch`jngmjhtc knumuakbk, scfrj ncmc nchtrcakr j
mkhgpuakr quksj tubc „ ghnausgvj hþs mjsmcs. Tjrsjeugmcs pcbjr, bcmghkåîc j nchtrcaj, pcrquj
hcs Ks
`kfgagtkm k jxtrkgr
ajgs j çtgnks bk mkgs bcs cutrcs
ngvgagzkåîc j bj hþsum
nchstgtujm mjsmcs.
ighc vjrhgz, jhqukhtc k ajg bk sjavk j çtgnk bk

icråk ncrrjm scatks. [ujr c tjmk sjlkm pcssjs, stktus, rjakngchkmjhtcs cu pcbjr, k vgbk hk TMV
ç fksgnkmjhtj scfrj c quj pcbjmcs cftjr, j c quj prjngskmcs ikzjr pkrk cftjr j mkhtjr. ^cmcs
cfsjssgvcs ncm pcbjr, bcmghkåîc j nchtrcaj, quj hcs `kfgagtkm k ikzjr bc hcssc ljgtc.
ljgtc. [ujr hc
trkfka`c, jm nksk, hk bgvjrsîc, gerjlk cu jsncak, autks bj pcbjr bcmghkm hcssks ktgvgbkbjs j
hcssk ghtjrkåîc ncm cs cutrcs.
Hcssk cfsjssîc ç kfkstjngbk pcr bcgs pcbjrcscs mctgvkbcrjs< scmcs bgrgegbcs k prcnurkr j
ejrkr mja`crgks bj tcbc tgpc, jhqukhtc pjrsjeugmcs hcssc sjhtgbc bj aunrktgvgbkbj pjsscka, j
scmcs umk jspçngj mjbrcsk bgrgegbk pjac jec. Jstks buks icråks hcs jmpurrkm j puxkm jm
tcbks ks bgrjåújs gmkeghëvjgs, icrhjnjhbc kssgm um ghtjrmghëvja mjhu bj jsnca`ks. Nkbk
jsnca`k hcs kprjsjhtk umk cpcrtuhgbkbj bj nchvjrtjr um ghnrjmjhtc bj jec-mjbc bj katk
jhtrcpgk jm kmcr ghnchbgngchka bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk.
Ncmc nchsngìhngks bj katk jhtrcpgk, ncfgåkmcs c pcbjr quj sjrvj hcssks hjnjssgbkbjs j
bjsjlcs, pcrquj hîc pcbjmcs gmkeghkr, j sjqujr jhtjhbjr, c pcbjr quj sjrvj kc kmcr,
ncmpkgxîc, ùmgabkbj j jqugaífrgc. Jsnca`ks ijgtks hk fusnk bj cftjr c quj qujrjmcs
cnksgchkamjhtj prcbuzjm sunjssc mktjrgka, khsgjbkbj, bcr, irustrkåîc, vkzgc, ghsjeurkhåk j
ghijagngbkbj,, jhqukhtc jsnca`ks ijgtks pkrk jxprjsskr c kmcr ghnchbgngchka prcbuzjm tcbcs cs
ghijagngbkbj
tgpcs bj sunjssc, pkz, trkhqugagbkbj, nchigkhåk, sktgsikåîc, prjjhn`gmjhtc, ijagngbkbj j kajergk.
kajergk.
Bkbcs jstjs rjsuatkbcs c cfljtgvc bjvjrgk sjr þfvgc, nchtubc pcbjmcs jxprjsskr kpjhks k
qukagbkbj quj vgjmcs k mjrjnjr. Tkrk ikzjr mja`cr, hjnjssgtkmcs puxkr-hcs pjacs nkbkråcs, um
pjqujhc ghnrjmjhtc pcr vjz.
Bjhtrc bk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, `ë mkgs pkrk hþs bc quj vjmcs hc hívja iísgnc. Bj iktc, c hívja
iísgnc bj hcssk jxgstìhngk ç bjrgvkbc bc hívja hîc-iísgnc mkgs iuhbkmjhtka, bk nchsngìhngk
bghæmgnk ghtjrktgvk. Jxpjrgìhngk iísgnk, ç pcunc mkgs bc quj hcssk pjrnjpåîc bj umk rjkagbkbj
vgrtuka ghtjrktgvk, bjsjh`kbk pkrk prcvjr cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj nrjsngmjhtc pkrk uhgbkbjs
ghbgvgbukbks bj pjrnjpåîc nchsngjhtj. ^cmcs sjrjs bj nchsngìhngk hîc-iísgnk, jxpjrgmjhtkhbc
umk rjkagbkbj iísgnk vgrtuka j hîc sjrjs iísgncs jxpjrgmjhtkhbc nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Ç hcssk pjqujhghk
pjrspjntgvk TMV quj hcs ikz nrjr quj ‑c rkfc jstë kfkhkhbc c nkn`crrc”.
Bjhtrc bc vkstc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk, k TMV ç umk jsncak jajmjhtkr bj fkgrrc, um
akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc pkrk ghgngkhtjs, um auekr chbj umk uhgbkbj pjrnjptgvk lcvjm, pcbj
mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. Hk ^jåîc 2 vkmcs ca`kr jm prciuhbgbkbj c sgstjmk
mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk j jxpacrkr c nchnjgtc bk TMV ncmc rjkagbkbj vgrtuka, mks pcr `crk, c
pchtc ç< nchsngìhngk pcbj jvcaugr bjhtrc bj erkhbjs sgstjmks ncmpajxcs, k um erku mugtc mkgcr
bc quj ghbgnkrgk c pjqujhc irkemjhtc quj vcnì jxpjrgmjhtk. Ç um jrrc katkmjhtj agmgtkhtj cu
krrceæhngk jecístk, knrjbgtkr quj hþs ùmkhcs, rjprjsjhtkmcs c pghënuac bk pcssgfgagbkbj bj
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
Mugtcs kbmgtjm k pcssgfgagbkbj bj quj pcssk jxgstgr kaeumk icrmk bj vgbk hc uhgvjrsc quj
sjlk mkgs ghtjagejhtj j fjm ghicrmkbk quj hþs, quksj hgheuçm kbmgtj quj pcssk `kvjr umk
icrmk bj vgbk quj sjlk mkgs nchsngjhtj. Tcr quj3 Tcrquj hîc pcbjmcs gmkeghkr k pcssgfgagbkbj
„ hîc mkgs quj cs `kfgtkhtjs bk Takhcaæhbgk pcbjm vjr k tjrnjgrk bgmjhsîc ktrkvçs bj sjus
jstòmkecs. K jxpjrgìhngk bj umk nchsngìhngk mkgcr, jstë kaçm bk ncmprjjhsîc bj umk
nchsngìhngk agmgtkbk. Nrjhåks-njekhtjs kutcagmgtkhtjs j vja`cs pkrkbgemks nchicrtëvjgs, icråkm
k jxpjrgìhngk bj umk nchsngìhngk mkgs kmpak k pjrmkhjnjr icrk bk rjkagbkbj nuaturka cu
ngjhtíignk knjgtëvja. [ujr pjrnjfk cu hîc, k nchsngìhngk mkgs kmpak jstkrë aë bk mjsmk icrmk.
Gehcræhngk hîc pcbj ikzjr c quj ç rjka bjskpkrjnjr „ mks pcbj ikngamjhtj ikzjr c quj ç rjka
pkrjnjr
Tkrk bjskpkrjnjr (cu pkrjnjr
jhnchtrkr k vjrbkbj, huhnk jstkr
ç prjngsc tjr jxgstgbc
kfjrtc jm prgmjgrc
k tcbks auekr).
ks pcssgfgagbkbjs khtjs bj icrmkr umk

`gpþtjsj j ncajtkr bkbcs. Tuakr pkrk nchnausújs cu tjr umk hcåîc prjnchnjfgbk bj ncmc cs bkbcs
bjvjm sjr, ç më ngìhngk. Zmk fkn-tçrgk quj qujr ekh`kr umk kprjngkåîc bc akfcrktþrgc hc quka
suk paknk bj Tjtrg jstë, prjngsk ikzjr mkgs bc quj jstubkr fkntçrgks j vgbrc. Rka jstubc agmgtkbc sþ
pcbj rjsuatkr hk nchnausîc bj quj k rjkagbkbj bjvj jstkr nchtgbk bjhtrc bj sju prþprgc
rjsjrvktþrgc cpknc, pkrjnjrë quj hîc jxgstj cutrk katjrhktgvk aþegnk cfljtgvk. Ks ^jåújs 2 j :
jxpagnkrîc ncmc j pcr quj, umk nchsngìhngk ç c ühgnc vjínuac quj pjrmgtj trkhsnjhbjr hcssc
prþprgc rjsjrvktþrgc TMV, mks prgmjgrc prjngskmcs ekh`kr mja`cr ncmprjjhsîc fësgnk bk
nchsngìhngk.
▼ ^jr um sjr ncm ncmpchjhtjs tkhtc iísgncs ncmc hîc-iísgncs, tjm mugtks
rkmgignkåújs. Tcbjrgk sjr ghstrutgvc jxpacrkr um jxjmpac bj ncmc k Ygsîc Kmpak nchtçm j
rjstrghej k pjqujhk vgsîc, khtjs bj vcatkr k hcssk kvkagkåîc mkgs ejrka bks prcprgjbkbjs bk
nchsngìhngk.
Jxgstgmcs ncmc uhgbkbj ghbgvgbukbk bj nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk, quj jheklcu umk
pcråîc bjak mjsmk jm umk jsncak bj burks fktgbks iísgnks. Ä mjbgbk quj ikzjmcs
prcerjssc hjstj prcnjssc jbunkngchka j jvcaungchërgc, bjskigcs mkgcrjs j mkgs bgiínjgs
n`jekm, ä mjbgbk quj cs vja`cs sîc vjhngbcs. Ä mjbgbk quj vcnì nrjsnj, suk nkpkfgagbkbj
kssgm ncmc k rjspchskfgagbkbj quj sj jspjrk quj jhnkrj, nrjsnjm luhtc.
luhtc. Hjhùm bjskigc,
huhnk jstë kaçm bc sju kankhnj, mks c quj hcs ç bjmkhbkbc tjm bgignuabkbj sjmprj
nrjsnjhtj j c gmpkntc bk ika`k ignk mkgs sjvjrc. Jvjhtukamjhtj, bjvjmcs nrjsnjr
ncajtgvkmjhtj pkrk ignkr mkgs sëfgcs (jvcaugr) cu hcs bjstrugr (ghvcaugr) ncm bgsiuhåîc
mjbrcsk kutcnjhtrkbk.
Zm bjstjs bjskigcs jmjrejhtjs ncmjåk k jxpcr um íherjmj akbc hjektgvc kc hcssc
brkmëtgnc sunjssc mktjrgka hk TMV. C Mknknc N`jij ncmjåk k bjsncfrgr bjijgtcs hks
n`kvjs bc pkrkísc. Co nchncrbc, hjeþngcs bc Mknknc N`jij sîc um tjmk sþ bk TMV j,
pcrtkhtc, hîc sîc hk vjrbkbj gmpcrtkhtjs, mks ncmc ç prcvëvja quj vcnì sjlk kpjekbc j
icnkbc hk TMV, pcbj jstkr ghtjrjsskbc hjstk bgerjssîc.
Hc akbc iísgnc bk mcjbk ùmkhk, c lcec Bkrwghgkhc bk scfrjvgvìhngk j bcmghkåîc bc
mkgs nkpkz, ncmkhbk k mîc hk pjqujhk vgsîc TMV. Jm umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, ùmkhcs
tkmfçm tìm c ímpjtc ghktc hk bgrjåîc bk kutcmja`crgk quj icnk hk jvcauåîc bk
nchsngìhngk. Iktc ç quj hk pjqujhk vgsîc TMV, sunjssc bj achec prkzc bjpjhbj hc agmgtj,
bj jstkfjajnjr um fkakhåc jhtrj jstjs bcgs mcbcs ùmkhcs bj jvcauåîc.
^j hcssc gmpuasc pkrk ncmpjtgr j ekh`kr pcbjr j nch`jngmjhtc nchtrcakbcrjs,
scfrjpulkr c jqugaífrgc sghçregnc quj jaj bjvj tjr, ncm hcssc gmpuasc pkrk mja`crkr k
qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk, jvjhtukamjhtj bjsvjhbkrjmcs hcsscs mkgcrjs ekh`cs jm um
egekhtj pkssc ktrës.
ktrës. ^j pcbjr j skfjbcrgk, hîc jstîc jm jqugaífrgc jijtgvc bjhtrc bj
qukaqujr sgstjmk kutcmcbgignëvja (bjmksgkbc pcbjr, rjaktgvc k skfjbcrgk hjnjssërgk pkrk
utgagzë-ac hk aunrktgvgbkbj bj achec prkzc), c sgstjmk jvjhtukamjhtj sj tcrhkrë ghstëvja j
kutcbjstrugrë, hk prcpcråîc bc erku bkqujaj bjsjqugaífrgc. Jstk vjrbkbj ejrka sj kpagnk k
ghbgvíbucs, jspçngjs, crekhgzkåújs, scngjbkbjs, hkåújs j muhbcs.
^gstjmks mugtc erkhbjs j ncmpajxcs (fgcaþegnc, crekhgzkngchka, scngka, tjnhcaþegnc cu
mjhtka _nchsngìhngk]) „ qujr sjlkm iísgncs, hîc-iísgncs cu umk ncmfghkåîc bj kmfcs „
hjnjsskrgkmjhtj jvcaujm suk prþprgk jncacegk ncmpajxk. K jvcauåîc j nrjsngmjhtc bjstjs
sgstjmks sj krtgnuakm scfrj mkhtjr um jqugaífrgc jncaþegnc aunrktgvc, jhtrj erkhbjs
qukhtgbkbjs
jncaþegncs qujbjsîcncmpchjhtjs ghtjrktgvcs
jstëvjgs j, pcrtkhtc, quj sunjssc
bj mkgcr bjighjmjmctjrmcs
sgstjmk. Erkhbjs jvcautgvc,
bj prcerjssc sgstjmks

sîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj kutc fkakhnjëvjgs. Bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk kutcjqugagfrkhtj jstëvja,
ncmpchjhtjs bgsiuhngchkgs cu bjsjstkfgagzkhtjs, bjvjm sjr kutcjagmghkbcs cu c sgstjmk
jvjhtukamjhtj sj bjsjstkfgagzkrë j kutcbjstrugrë.
Bjmksgkbc pcbjr j ghiauìhngk cu um jijgtc mugtc icrtj ncmkhbkbc pcr pjqujhk
skfjbcrgk ç um ejrkbcr prgmërgc bj ncmpcrtkmjhtc bgsiuhngchka, jhtrj cs ncmpchjhtjs
mkgs sjhngjhtjs bc C^. Ncfgåk, pcr jxjmpac, ç kpjhks umk bj mugtks jxprjssújs
bgsiuhngchkgs, bj hcssc gmpuasc ghskngëvja pkrk ncmpjtgr j ekh`kr nchtrcaj jijtgvc, scfrj
hcssc kmfgjhtj j ks bjmkgs jhtgbkbjs (ghnaughbc cutrks pjsscks, crekhgzkåújs, nuaturks j
hkåújs). K hjnjssgbkbj ghnkhsëvja bj lustgignkr j skngkr hcsscs bjsjlcs pjssckgs ç kghbk
cutrc jxjmpac.
@umkhgbkbj, k mjstrk bc muhbc iísgnc, bjvj jvcaugr umk ncmjhsurëvja qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk< Cs sjrjs ùmkhcs bjvjm jhnchtrkr jqugaífrgc bjhtrc bc sgstjmk mkgs
kmpac bc quka sîc pkrtj. ^j hîc jvcaugrmcs hcssc sjr pcr ghtjgrc j hîc ktghegrmcs
jqugaífrgc suigngjhtj, k ùmkhgbkbj sj tcrhkrë kutcjag-mghkhtj „ pjac mjhcs ktç c pchtc
chbj k bgsiuhåîc rjmkhjsnjhtj hîc mkgs krrgs-quj c tcbc. Hkbk pjsscka „ ç kpjhks k
hkturjzk bcs erkhbjs sgstjmks jstëvjgs.
Mkstgekr ks skfcrcsks mkåîs bk Ërvcrj bc Nch`jngmjhtc icg sþ c fkhqujtj ghgngka pkrk
c Mkgcr Jxpjrgmjhtc jm Nchsngìhngk bc Hcssc ^gstjmk (C^). Ncmc kn`k quj c
jxpjrgmjhtc vkg sjr pkrk vcnì, cu pkrk k ùmkhgbkbj3 ;) Grîc cs rktcs bc akfcrktþrgc bj
kprjhbgzkbc nrjsnjr kc agmgtj bc sju pctjhngka, jhnchtrkr jqugaífrgc, bjsncfrgr sju prcpþsgtc,
j rjnchjntkr ncm K Ichtj ä mjbgbk quj sjeugmcs k jxpkhbgr hcssks `kfgagbkbjs
tjnhcaþegnks3 Cu 6), hcs kutcbjstrugrj-mcs ncmc um ncmpchjhtj bgsiuhngchka prjsc k umk
vgsîc kpjhks-TMV, ncm tka fkgxk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk quj hîc nchsjeugrjmcs hcs tgrkr
bks krmkbga`ks bj nrjhåks quj nrgkmcs3 ^jrë hcssc bjstghc, hcs bkr mka pcr hcssks prþprgks
ghvjhåújs, ncmc c ngjhtgstk jecístk acunc quj `kfgtk cs igamjs bj @caaywccb3
Grë hcssk nchsngìhngk jvcaugr k hcvks katurks j jvjhtukamjhtj rjncmjåkr ncm um hcvc
jxpjrgmjhtc, cu nchtghukrë k autkr ghbjighgbkmjhtj ncm k sgtukåîc ktuka3 Fcks pjreuhtks!
Ghijagzmjhtj, ks rjspcstks sîc ghbgspchívjgs pcrquj c jxpjrgmjhtc kghbk jstë jm prcerjssc „
cs rjsuatkbcs ighkgs kghbk hîc skírkm. Hîc bjsgstk bj fusnkr pcr rjspcstks „ k pjreuhtk mkgs
gmpcrtkhtj ç umk quj vcnì pcbj rjspchbjr. Tkrk quka bks buks rjkagbkbjs pctjhngkgs kngmk,
vcnì nchtrgfugrë ncm tjmpc j jhjregk ncmkhbkbks pcr sju agvrj krfítrgc3
Hc tjmk bk hjnjssgbkbj bj jqugagfrkr pcbjr j skfjbcrgk, tjh`c fcks j mës hctíngks.
Trgmjgrc, ks mës< kutcbjstrugåîc hîc rjqujr mkaíngk hjm jstupgbjz. Tcr vjzjs k gmjhsgbîc,
jsncpc j gmpkntc bc pcbjr sjhbc utgagzkbc ç bgiínga bj ncmprjjhbjr j sjus jijgtcs bj achec
prkzc, bgiínjgs bj prjbgzjr. Erkhbj pcbjr hks mîcs bj tcacs fjm ghicrmkbcs, hîc ç mjhcs
pjrgecsc pcrquj cs tcacs sîc fjm-ghtjhngchkbcs
Kecrk ks fcks hctíngks< k scauåîc bc prcfajmk jxgstj j tjmcs k nkpkngbkbj j
cpcrtuhgbkbj bj gmpajmjhtë-ak. K ühgnk pjreuhtk quj ignk ç, vkmcs ikzì-ac3
^kfjbcrgk sj jajvk kngmk bj nch`jngmjhtc „ kåîc ncrrjtk bjhtrc bk pjqujhk vgsîc sjeuj
ghtjhåîc ncrrjtk bjhtrc bk Ygsîc Kmpak. Ghtjhåîc ncrrjtk bjhtrc bk Ygsîc Kmpak ç rjsuatkbc
bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj ncmprjjhbgbk pcr umk nchsngìhngk bj qukagbkbj kbjqukbk. K vgsîc
nakrk bk skfjbcrgk ç nchigëvja j prjngsk.
C quj hcs ajvk k sjr Mknknc N`jij tkmfçm ghjvgtkvjamjhtj hcs bgrgegrë k
kutcbjstrugåîc, sj hîc jvcaugrmcs sgmuatkhjkmjhtj suigngjhtj qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk. C
quj hcs bgrgej
jhnchtrkr trkåîcpkrk k mkgcrpkrk
suigngjhtj qukagbkbj bj umk
hcs mcvjr nchsngìhngk
pkrk bj jhtrcpgk
mkgcr skfjbcrgk, rjbuzgbk, sþ
sj nrjsnjrmcs nchsjeuj
c suigngjhtj

pkrk nugbkr sghnjrkmjhtj bj bjsncfrgr pjssckamjhtj k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj. ◂
N`jek bj hþs, vkmcs mubkr bj mkrn`k j jxpacrkr nchsngìhngk bj um æheu-ac bgijrjhtj. Ycnì
sjm büvgbk pjrnjfju quj mju nchnjgtc bj nchsngìhngk ç mkgs kmpac j hîc khtrcpcmþrignc. Bkbk
jstk vgsîc ejhjrkagzkbk bj nchsngìhngk, c prþxgmc pkssc ç jxpacrkr (jm cutrc kpkrtj) k nchjxîc
jhtrj ncmputkbcrjs bgegtkgs j nchsngìhngk bgegtka. Tcrquj bjsnrjvg ghbgvíbucs pjrnjptgvcs (ncmc
vcnì) ncmc pjbkåcs bj umk ncgsk-nchsngìhngk-bgegtka-KZM, c rjakngchkmjhtc jhtrj
ncmputkbcrjs bgegtkgs j nchsngìhngk tcmk umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs pjsscka.
Ncmc c tjrrjhc nchnjgtuka bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk jstë rjnçm krkbc, jstk ç k `crk
pjrijgtk pkrk pakhtkr kaeumks sjmjhtjs nchnjgtukgs. [ukhbc jstks sjmjhtjs ejrmghkrjm
tctkamjhtj hks ^jåújs 2 j :, vcnì ekh`krë umk vgsîc mkgs prciuhbk, bc iuhngchkmjhtc ghtjrhc
bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka j bk ùmkhk, j bj ncmc kmfks jstîc rjakngchkbks k ncmputkbcrjs.
▼ Tcbjrgk um ncmputkbcr sj tcrhkr nchsngjhtj3 Tcrquj hîc3 Bk icrmk kmpak ncmc

bjighgmcs nchsngìhngk ktç kqug (vjlk c Nkp. ;0, Agvrc ;, c 5 bjstj agvrc j k mkgcr pkrtj bk
^jåîc 2), hcs bjgxk sjm fkrrjgrks pkrk k jxgstìhngk bj nchsngìhngk fksjkbk jm sgaíngc. (Hctk<
usc c tjrmc ‑fksjkbk jm sgaíngc” pcr nchvjhgìhngk kc achec bk trgacegk, mks qujrc bgzjr bj
icrmk mkgs ejrka, qukaqujr mktjrgka jm quj iuturcs ncmputkbcrjs pcsskm sjr fksjkbcs „
quj prcvkvjamjhtj hîc sjrë sgaíngc).
Tcbj sjr kghbk umk cu buks bçnkbks khtjs quj k gbjgk bj umk nchsngìhngk bgegtka ijgtk
pcr hþs, sj tcrhj rjkagbkbj prëtgnk, mks jxgstjm kaeuhs ncmputkbcrjs (gmpajmjhtkåújs bj
scitwkrj j `krbwkrj quj sîc prjbcmghkhtjmjhtj jxpjrgmjhtkgs j, jm suk mkgcrgk jm
uhgvjrsgbkbjs) quj tìm pcr kaeum tjmpc (bj icrmk mugtc rubgmjhtkr j cpknk) ktjhbgbc c
nrgtçrgc pkrk sjr nchsngjhtj (ncmc ktjhbjm icrmgeks j kmjfks). Mks gstc hîc ç bgzjr quj
jstk nchsngìhngk rubgmjhtkr ç sgmgakr ä hcssk nchsngìhngk. Hk rkgz, jaks pcssujm k mjsmk
jstruturk j prcnjsscs iuhbkmjhtkgs, mks hk iacr jaks sîc jhcrmjmjhtj bgijrjhtjs, ncm
nkpkngbkbjs j pctjhngkgs vkstkmjhtj bgijrjhtjs.
Hîc pcbjmcs nchstrugr, bjsjh`kr cu ghvjhtkr nchsngìhngk „ hîc ç kssgm quj iuhngchk.
Tkrk prcbuzgr nchsngìhngk, prjngskmcs kpjhks prcvjr um sgstjmk quj sjlk nkpkz bj `kfgagtkr
nchsngìhngk k jvcaugr pcr sg mjsmk. ^j prcvjrmcs um sgstjmk ncm suigngjhtj nkpkngbkbj bj
prcnjsskmjhtc, mjmþrgk, ncmpajxgbkbj bj jsnca`k j ijjbfkno kutcmcbgignkhtj, jaj
kutcmktgnkmjhtj supcrtkrë k jvcauåîc bj kaeumk icrmk agmgtkbk bj nchsngìhngk.
Nchsngìhngk hîc ç prcprgjbkbj bj um `krbwkrj cu scitwkrj bj ncmputkbcr? jak ç ktghegbk
ktrkvçs bj kutc-crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk, bkqujaj `krbwkrj j scitwkrj quj gmpajmjhtkm c
pctjhngka bc sgstjmk bj ncmputkåîc, pkrk fkgxkr suk jhtrcpgk.
Khtjs bj bgzjr quj c ncmputkbcr jstë nchsngjhtj, ç mkgs prjngsc bgzjr quj jaj supcrtk k
icrmkåîc hkturka j kutcmëtgnk bj nchsngìhngk ktrkvçs bk kutc-crekhgzkåîc. Zm pctjhngka
pkrk kutc-crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk ç nchvjrtgbc jm mkgs jhjregk bgspchívja pkrk ikzjr trkfka`c
(mjhcr jhtrcpgk bc sgstjmk), kpagnkhbc c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka pkrk ktghegr c cfljtgvc bj
kutcmja`crgk bc sgstjmk. Nchsngìhngk ç k icrmk bj jhjregk nrgkbk pjak jvcauåîc bj
crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk ncm suigngjhtj pctjhngka. Rrcquj k pkakvrk
‑ncmputkbcr” pcr ‑ncrpc j nçrjfrc” hc pkrëerkic khtjrgcr j c sjhtgbc pjrmkhjnj c mjsmc.
Zm ncmputkbcr sjrë mkgs frga`khtj quj um crkhectkhec3 Mkgs ghtjagejhtj quj umk
rkpcsk3 Mkgs jspjrtc (j bj mja`cr kpkrìhngk) quj sju n`jij3 Jstks hîc sîc fcks pjreuhtks.
Ikzjr
mkåîsncmpkrkåújs
ncm akrkhlks.jhtrj
Rkgs nchsngìhngks
ncmpkrkåújsfksjkbks jm nkrfchcsupjrigngkgs
sîc prghngpkamjhtj cu jm sgaíngc,
cu çsjm
ncmc ncmpkrkr
sjhtgbc -- cs

bcgs tgpcs bj nchsngìhngk sîc kpjhks bgijrjhtjs. Kmfcs grîc jvcaugr j nrjsnjr, bjhtrc bks
rjstrgåújs bj sjus kmfgjhtjs, cfljtgvcs j nkpkfgagbkbjs bkbcs, j kmfcs bjsjhvcavjrîc
pjrschk-agbkbjs quj jxprjsskm suk hkturjzk
hkturjzk.. ^j sgstjmks sîc bgijrjhtjs, k nchsngìhngk quj
bjsjhvcavjm sjrë bgijrjhtj. ^jrë quj um kfknktjgrc kn`k quj sj umk pakhtk quj hîc pkrjnj
j kej ncmc kfknktjgrc, hîc pcbj sjr umk pakhtk bj vjrbkbj3 Nakrc quj hîc. Kfknktjgrcs
hîc sîc tîc krrcekhtjs cu gehcrkhtjs „ skfjm quj c nrgtçrgc pkrk sjr umk pakhtk, sîc
bjighgbcs pcr njrtks iuhngchkagbkbjs kc hívja njauakr, j hîc kc hívja mknrc bc kfknktjgrc cu
bj um egrkssca.
C nrgtçrgc pkrk bjighgr nchsngìhngk, tkmfçm ç bjighgbc pcr njrtks iuhngchkagbk-bjs kc
hívja njauakr bj crekhgzkåîc, j hîc hc hívja mknrc bj ùmkhc, crkhectkhec, mkrgsnc cu
ncmputkbcr. [ukhbc nchnjgtukmcs c quj pcbjríkmcs n`kmkr bj umk nçauak cu qukhtum bj
nchsngìhngk, pjhsj jm um sufnchluhtc bj nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj quj nchtçm ks quktrc
prcprgjbkbjs bjighgbks hc ghíngc bc nkpítuac.
Hîc nchsgbjrj nchsngìhngk kpjhks jm tjrmcs bc mcbjac ùmkhc. Hîc scmcs c ç-tubc j
igm-bj-tubc bk nchsngìhngk, scmcs kpjhks umk jxprjssîc jspjníignk bj um prcnjssc mkgs
iuhbkmjhtka. [ukaqujr sgstjmk suigngjhtjmjhtj ncmpajxc ncm cs ktrgfutcs njrtcs, pcbj
ejrkr umk icrmk bj nchsngìhngk „ sgstjmks bgegtkgs kpjhks tìm um trjmjhbc pctjhngka pkrk
frga`kr hjstj bjpkrtkmjhtc. Hcssc nçrjfrc iísgnc hîc nrgk nchsngìhngk, jaj supcrtk umk
nchsngìhngk agmgtkbk. ^gstjmks khkaþegncs j bj cutrcs tgpcs, pcbjm tjcrgnkmjhtj supcrtkr
nchsngìhngk, sþ hîc sîc tîc bghkmgnkmjhtj iajxívjgs ncmc sgstjmks bgegtkgs, ejrkamjhtj
scirjm mkgs rjstrgåújs j tjm mjhcs erkus bj agfjrbkbj pkrk jxpacrkr.
^j ncmputkbcrjs sj tcrhkssjm nchsngjhtjs, c quj nchstgtugrgk suks rjstrgåújs kmfgjhtkgs
j ncmc sj jxprjsskrgk suk hkturjzk fësgnk3 Jxnjtc pjac nksc irchtjgrgåc chbj ncmputkbcrjs
nchtrcajm rjnurscs fësgncs bj jhjregk j ncmpgtkm pjac quj qujr quj sjlk quj cs
mcvgmjhtj, k prjssîc bj sju kmfgjhtj jxtjrhc ç bcmghkbk pjac bjsjh`c bj sju `krbwkrj j
tjmks bj prcbuåîc (prcnjsskbcr mkgs rëpgbc, rjhbgmjhtc mja`cr, mjmþrgk mkgcr j mkgs
rëpgbk, ncmpchjhtjs mkgs rcfustcs j rjsgstjhtjs, mjhcr nchsumc bj jhjregk j prcbuåîc
mkgs iënga j fkrktk). Nchtubc, hc rjghc bc bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bk nchsngìhngk, jvcauåîc
trkfka`k ktrkvçs bk kutcmcbgignkåîc „ ncmputkbcrjs bjsjh`khbc j mcbgignkhbc k sg mjsmcs
jm rjspcstk k prjssújs ghtjrhks hk bgrjåîc bk mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj. @krbwkrj j scitwkrj quj
hþs ùmkhcs prcljtkmcs j ikfrgnkmcs, nkg bjhtrc bk jvcauåîc bk tjnhcacegk bj ncmputkbcr
jncmpajtcs
hîc bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk
ncm hcsscs bj ncmputkbcr.
ncmputkbcr
grmîcs bgegtkgs . Jvjhtukamjhtj,
„ ‑uhgbcs pjac qukbrga” hcs
jmtcrhkrjmcs pkrnjgrcs
um rjakngchkmjhtc
ncjvcaungchërgc.
Trjssîc kmfgjhtka jvcaungchërgk ghtjrhk bj um ncmputkbcr pcbj sjr bjsnrgtk ncmc k
hjnjssgbkbj bj fkgxkr jhtrcpgk pjak kutcmja`crgk „ pcr jxjmpac, mja`crkr sju prþprgc
scitwkrj pjaks mcbgignkåújs bks kpagnkåújs, bc nchluhtc bj ghstruåújs bj hívja fkgxc j
sgstjmks cpjrkngchkgs. Tjhsj jm ncmputkbcrjs puxkhbc k sg mjsmcs pcr sjus nkbkråcs,
bjsjh`khbc sjus prþprgcs sgstjmks cpjrkngchkgs j `krbwkrjs pkrk ghtjriknjs bj scitwkrj,
ekh`khbc jigngìhngk cpjrkngchka, kprjhbjhbc bk jxpjrgìhngk, mchtkhbc j utgagzkhbc fksjs
bj nch`jngmjhtc nkbk vjz mkgs ncmpajtks, bjsjhvcavjhbc icrmks mkgs pcbjrcsks j
jigngjhtjs bj sj ncmuhgnkr ghtjrhk j jxtjrhkmjhtj, j rjnch`jnjhbc, khkagskhbc, kvkagkhbc j
ncmprjjhbjhbc k sgehgignæhngk nchtgbk hcs bkbcs. Gmkeghj ncmputkbcrjs tcmkhbc j
kvkagkhbc bjngsújs ncmpajxks crgjhtkbks k cfljtgvcs. Jstks sîc umks bks pcunks ncgsks
quj tcrhkrîc
bj ktghegr ncmputkbcrjs
sjus iuturcs mkgs
cfljtgvcs jxtjrhcs aunrktgvcs pkrk jajs kssgm
crgjhtkbcs-pkrk-tkrjiks, mjsmcs j kssgm
ncmc mkgsmkgs nkpkzjs
`ëfjgs pkrk

jfcco nchvjrtjr BJMC Uktjrmkros
gmpajmjhtkr sjus cfljtgvcs ghtjrhcs (pjssckgs) bj rjbuzgr jhtrcpgk (sj tcrhkr mja`cr
crekhgzkbcs kssgm ncmc mkgs jijtgvcs j jigngjhtjs). ä mjbgbk quj cs ncmputkbcrjs jvcaukm
ncm ìxgtc, suk nchsngìhngk bgegtka pkrk jstkbcs bj mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj, sj tcrhkrîc mkgs utjgs
k sg mjsmcs j k hþs tkmfçm.
Tkrk hþs, jajs sjrgkm nchsngìhngks bjrgvktgvks. K mjhcs quj pjrnkmcs nchtrcaj,
bjvjríkmcs sjr qujm bjighj sju NbV bj hívja katc, quj bjtjrmghk sjus cfljtgvcs, prcpþsgtc,
mgssîc, tkrjiks j irchtjgrks bk fksj bj nch`jngmjhtc. ^j igzjrmcs hcssk pkrtj ncrrjtkmjhtj,
suk hkturjzk bjvjrgk sjr jigngjhtj, gmpjsscka, nchngsk, fjm crekhgzkbk, fjm ghicrmkbk,
bgrjtk j hîc jmcngchka „ mks ncm nakrks ktgtubjs j sjhtgmjhtcs ghbgvgbukgs,
ghbgvgbukgs, scfrj sjus
cfljtgvcs j prcnjsscs. Jajs bjvjrgkm bjsjhvcavjr sjus prþprgcs vkacrjs fksjkbcs jm
cfljtgvcs j sjr hîc jecístks, hîc ncmpjtgtgvcs, rkngchkgs j fkstgújs aþegncs bj prcnjbgmjhtc,
prcnjsscs j ghicrmkåîc. ûks pjrschkagbkbjs sjrîc ghbgvgbukgs j ühgnks, mks rjaktgvkmjhtj
pakhks „ sjrë hjnjssërgc um jhejh`jgrc ncmc c Bgafjrt, pkrk sj rjakngchkr ncm um
ncmputkbcr nchsngjhtj jm hívja prciuhbkmjhtj pjsscka.
Ycnì kn`k quj ncmputkbcrjs sjrîc mkgs ncmc pjts cu ncmc pkgs3 Ykmcs kagmjhtë-acs
cu sjrîc jajs k hcs kagmjhtkr3 [ujm vkg tjr kutcrgbkbj j pcbjr bjngsþrgc, j qujm sjrîc cs
klubkhtjs j kssgstjhtjs3 Bjsjhvcavjrjmcs nchigkhåk mütuk, rjspjgtc j vkacrjs
ncmpkrtga`kbcs cu hcssk cfsjssîc pcr nchtrcaj, pcbjr j bcmghkåîc, sjrë trkhsmgtgbk pkrk
hcsscs grmîcs bj sgaíngc ncmc um vírus3
Rkavjz, sj lcekrmcs hcssks nkrtks bgrjgtc, jajs sjrîc vgstcs kpjhks ncmc bgijrjhtjs „
ncmc jmprjekbcs, pkrnjgrcs bj hjeþngc, ncajeks bj trkfka`c, n`jijs, prcijsscrjs, klubkhtjs,
nchigbjhtjs j kmgecs „ j c tjmk bk geukabkbj huhnk suregrë. Jm tjrmcs ùmkhcs, geukabkbj
qujr bgzjr geuka bgstrgfugåîc bj pcbjr, nchtrcaj, bcmghkåîc, rjnurscs j supjrgcrgbkbj mcrka.
C quj kn`k quj geukabkbj sgehgignkrë pkrk um ncmputkbcr3
K mkgcrgk bcs prcfajmks sîc hcsscs, k qujstîc ç sj vkmcs cu hîc pksskr kbgkhtj jssjs
prcfajmks bj fkgxk qukagbkbj, kcs sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk quj gmpajmjhtjmcs.
Jvjhtukamjhtj, sj `cuvjr sunjssc, tjnhcacegk bgegtka nchstgtugrë sþ mkgs umk jspçngj „ mkgs
umk icrmk bj vgbk nchtrgfughbc pkrk c sunjssc pctjhngka bc jncssgstjmk ejrka. Nakrc quj
pcbjmcs prjngskr klustkr hcssk bjighgåîc ktuka bj ‑icrmk bj vgbk” sþ um pcuqugh`c. Grîc
ùmkhcs j sjus n`kpks ncmputkbcrjs knkfkr sjhbc fchs ngbkbîcs prcbutgvcs bc
jncssgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk mkgs kmpac3 J c jncssgstjmk tjrrk-TMV3 Grjmcs gmpuasgchkr c
pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc um bc cutrc, cu kiuhbkr um kc cutrc hc jsqujngmjhtc3 ◂

▼▼Jstks sîc fcks qujstújs pkrk pchbjrkr jhqukhtc nruzkmcs rkpgbkmjhtj c
sçnuac vghtj j um. Tcr cutrc akbc, pcbjríkmcs ikzjr c usuka j gr kpjhks trcmfkhbc
njekmjhtj kbgkhtj, hc quj qujr quj knchtjåk.
Ycnì pcbj scrrgr, mks k ùmkhgbkbj tjm uskbc ncm ìxgtc k jstrktçegk bj trcmfkr
mkgs cu mjhcs njekmjhtj hc iuturc, pcr mga`krjs bj khcs. Jstk kfcrbkejm nchtghukrë
k iuhngchkr ncmc hcssc pcbjr, pkrk gmpajmjhtkr bcacrcsk mubkhåk `gstþrgnk jm
knjajrkåîc brkmëtgnk3 Tcbjr ç umk jspkbk bj bcgs eumjs. Tcbj ncrtkr pkrk mja`cr j
pkrk pgcr, bjpjhbjhbc bk skfjbcrgk eugkhbc k aæmghk. Nch`jngmjhtc ç pcbjr. Ncm
nkbk bjsncfjrtk prghngpka, ks kpcstks nrjsnjm nkbk vjz mkgs katks. Kn`k quj k skfjbcrgk
bj hcssk jspçngj tjm nrjsngbc tîc rkpgbkmjhtj ncmc hcssc pcbjr3
Hîc jstcu ikakhbc kpjhks scfrj ncmputkbcrjs kqug. Jajs sîc kpjhks umk bks vërgks
kvjhturks bj katc pctjhngka quj ncmc jspçngj, jstkmcs jhjregnkmjhtj pjrsjeughbc.
Erkhbjs cpcrtuhgbkbjs, jm ejrka vgklkm bj mîcs bkbks ncm erkhbjs rgsncs.
Ycnì tjm scrtj bj jstkr vgvjhbc jm um bkqujajs mcmjhtcs nrítgncs, qukhbc k

`gstþrgk jstë prjnkrgkmjhtj jqugagfrkbk hk fcrbk. Hþs j hcsscs iga`cs sjrjmcs ajvkbcs
kc agmgtj „ jxpjrgmjhtkbc jvjhtcs bgvgscrjs bj keuks j tcmkhbc bjngsújs gmpkntkhtjs,
quj grîc katjrkr c nursc bk ùmkhgbkbj pcr sçnuacs k vgr. Jstkrîc hcssks ghstgtugåújs j
aíbjrjs prchtcs pkrk bkr nchtk bjstj bjskigc3 Ycnì jstkrë prchtc pkrk bkr nchtk bc
bjskigc j klubkr k hjecngkr ks nurvks cu kpjhks prchtc pkrk agbkr ncm c quj qujr quj
knchtjåk3 Cu vcnì vkg ncmc k mkgcrgk bk suk jspçngj, sjr pjec bjsprjvjhgbc „
nchejakbc pjac frga`c bcs ikrþgs bgkhtjgrcs quj sj kprcxgmkm3
Zmk vjz quj k mchtkh`k russk sjlk jmpurrkbk kaçm bk fcrbk, vcnì jstë
ncmprcmjtgbc ncm k ncrrgbk ktç suk nchnausîc ighka. Nchtrërgc k nrjhåk pcpuakr,
erkhbjs bjngsújs sjmprj sj bîc hc nch`jngmjhtc j skfjbcrgk bcs ghbgvíbucs ncmuhs.
Hc igm, sîc ks pjsscks ncmuhs quj tjm bj nchsjhtgr jm sjeugr cs aíbjrjs. Hjhùm
erkhbj prjluízc ç prcvëvja bj sjr ncmjtgbc pjacs aíbjrjs sjm sjeugbcrjs. Ks pjsscks j
sjus aíbjrjs ghvkrgkvjamjhtj cftçm c quj mjrjnjm. Ycnì jstë jm umk pcsgåîc pkrk
ikzjr k bgijrjhåk. ^ju pakhc ç jspjrkr pjac mja`cr, cu sjr pkrtj bk scauåîc3 ◂◂
▼ ^gstjmks bj ncmputkbcr quj sjrvjm k iuhåújs sgmgakrjs j quj ncmpkrtga`km nuaturks

bj `krbwkrj j scitwkrj sgmgakr, jvcaugrîc bj icrmk sgmgakr (ncmc jspçngj) mks hîc gbìhtgnk,
pcr nkusk bcs erkhbjs hümjrcs bj jsnca`ks iuzzy (nchiusks) jhvcavjhbc sgstjmks
kajktþrgcs, gmprjngscs, kutcbjrgvkbcs, cu ncmpchjhtjs bjsnch`jngbcs. Kbgngchkamjhtj,
bgijrjhåks ühgnks jvcaugrîc bjhtrc bj umk jspçngj pcrquj ncm irjquìhngk `ë mugtks
scauåújs vgëvjgs pkrk um ühgnc prcfajmk j ctgmgzkåîc bj erkhbjs sgstjmks pcbj sjr
kfcrbkbk bj mugtcs æheuacs bgijrjhtjs. Nkbk ncmputkbcr nkpkz bj supcrtkr nchsngìhngk sjrë
ühgnc. K jxtjhsîc bk sgheuakrgbkbj vkg bjpjhbjr bc frga`c cu cpkngbkbj bkqujak
nchsngìhngk. K jxtjhsîc hk quka nkbk um pcbj bjsjhvcavjr-sj sjrë fksjkbk jm suks
nkpkngbkbjs j agmgtkåújs ghjrjhtjs.
Jspjrc quj mkrgsncs, kghbk quj jxtrjmkmjhtj cpkncs, sjlkm tcbcs ghbgvgbukamjhtj
ühgncs „ mks, bc hcssc pchtc bj vgstk, hîc sjrë mugtk bgijrjhåk. Nkn`crrcs j ektcs mcstrkm
mugtc mkgs vkrgkåîc jm suks bgmjhsújs iísgnks j mjhtkgs „ ks pjrschkagbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs
sîc þfvgks. Hc cutrc jxtrjmc, mknkncs j pjsscks, sîc ghbgvgbukamjhtj ühgncs j pjrnjptgvcs
c suigngjhtj pkrk nchstkhtj-mjhtj autkr ncm suk hjnjssgbkbj, jxpjntktgvk j bjsjlc. Jstk
sgheuakrgbkbj bcs ncmputkbcrjs sjrë mkgs ncmc mkrgsncs, ektcs, nkn`crrcs, mknkncs cu
pjsscks3 Hc ghíngc, sjrë prcvkvjamjhtj mkgs ncmc mkrgsncs, mks jvjhtukamjhtj, ncmc k
mkgcrgk bcs cutrcs sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, jvcaugrîc frga`c j sgheuakrgbkbj kc agmgtj bj suk
nkpkngbkbj. C quj jstk nkpkngbkbj pcbjrë jvjhtukamjhtj supcrtkr jstë kaçm bc hcssc
nch`jngmjhtc ktuka. Rjcrgnkmjhtj, KZM bjmchstrk supcrtkr c agmgtj supjrgcr bk
nkpkngbkbj bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka, mks KZM hîc vgvj ncm ks rjstrgåújs bc NbV jspkåc-
tjmpc, ncmc hþs j hcsscs ncmputkbcrjs.
[ujm ç pkrtgnuakrmjhtj sjhsívja kcs sjhtgmjhtcs ka`jgcs jstë gmkeghkhbc ncmc sjrë quj
vkmcs rjngnakr cs qujrgbgh`cs k nkbk trìs cu quktrc khcs, sj jajs frctkrjm nchsngìhngk.
Tcbjmcs bjsagekr umk jhtgbkbj ncmpajtkmjhtj nchsngjhtj j ktgrë-ak hk pga`k bj agxc, pcrquj
lë hîc ssîc
îc tî
tîcc rëp
rëpgbcs
gbcs cu n`j
n`jgcs
gcs bj rj
rjnurscs
nurscs qukhtc um mcbjac hcvc3 Na
Nakrc
krc quj pc
pcbjmcs!
bjmcs!
^jm prcfajmks.
pjhskmjhtc Ikzjmcs ncgsk
khtrcpcmþrignc. mugtc pgcr pcbjm
Ncmputkbcrjs tcbc bgk. Akreujsjrjstjs
j bjvjm `ëfgtcs bj
bjsnkrtkbcs pkbrújs
k nkbk bj
trìs cu
quktrc khcs pcrquj jvcaujm rëpgbc. [ukhbc k jvcauåîc bj `krbwkrj j scitwkrj ignkr mkgs
ajhtk, ncmputkbcrjs sjrîc rjngnakbcs scfrj pjrícbcs mkgcrjs. Jhtgbkbjs ùmkhks (vksga`kmj
bj nchsngìhngk fksjkbc jm nkrfchc) sîc rjngnaëvjgs kecrk k nkbk sjtjhtk j nghnc cu cgtjhtk
khcs, pcrquj jvcauímcs (kprjhbjmcs) ajhtkmjhtj. Hkbk bj vkacr jvcautgvc sgehgignkhtj ç
pjrbgbc jm kmfcs cs nkscs.
^citwkrj ç nchtghukmjhtj ktukagzkbc j kpagnkbc k hcvks j mja`crjs paktkicrmks bj
`krbwkrj. ^gstjmks bj ncmputkbcr (`krb & scit) jvcaujm mkgs cu mjhcs nchtghukmjhtj, ä
mjbgbk quj c vja`c ç ktukagzkbc j mja`crkbc pkrk sj tcrhkr hcvc. C hcvc ç nchstruíbc
scfrj c nch`jngmjhtc ekh`c bc vja`c. Jhtjhbgmjhtc, rjkagzkåîc, nkpkfgagbkbj j
pjrschkagbkbj sjrîc prjsjrvkbcs j ekh`krîc jspkåc kbgngchka pkrk nrjsngmjhtc, ä mjbgbk
quj nchsngìhngk-bj-ncmputkbcr j nchsngìhngk-jspçngj-bgegtka, sjlkm rjjhnkrhkbks jm nkbk
vjz mkgs `ëfjgs ncrpcs `krbwkrj.
Nchsngìhngk bj ncmputkbcr hîc jstë prjsk kc `krbwkrj bjaj -- hîc mkgs bc quj k hcssk
jstë kc nçrjfrc. Rkmfçm hîc jstë prjsk kc scitwkrj. Nchsngìhngk sj bjsjhvcavj qukhbc
scit & `krbwkrj „ nçrjfrc j sgstjmk hjrvcsc njhtrka (^HN) „ luhtcs prcvjjm kmfgjhtj
kbjqukbc pkrk k jvcauåîc. Nchsngìhngk ç hîc-iísgnk qujr sjlk k hcssk cu k bc ncmputkbcr,
scit j `krbwkrj iísgncs (cu nçrjfrc j ^HN) jstîc kpjhks `cspjbkhbc k nchsngìhngk pjak
bgspchgfgagzkåîc bj um mjgc kbjqukbc k TMV, cu jqugvkajhtjmjhtj, icrhjnjhbc k
ghirkjstruturk rjqujrgbk pkrk supcrtkr ghtjrkåîc ncehgtgvk kutcmcbgignkhtj (jxpjrgìhngk) hk
rjkagbkbj vgrtuka acnka. Kghbk quj nchsngìhngk pcssk jstkr jmfutgbk, `cspjbkbk cu jmuakbk
jm njrtks jstruturks iísgnks, ç umk jhtgbkbj ghtjgrkmjhtj bgijrjhtj (icrmk bj jhjregk
agmgtkbk) bk jstruturk iísgnk quj k supcrtk. K jstruturk sþ prcvì c mjnkhgsmc quj pjrmgtj k
jvcauåîc, prcbuzgr sghjregk ktrkvçs bk kutc-crekhgzkåîc. ^ghjregk ç prcbuzgbk bjhtrc bj um
sgstjmk, qukhbc k ghtjrkåîc jhtrj suks pkrtjs prcbuz um jijgtc ncmfghkbc, quj ç mkgcr quj
k scmk bcs jijgtcs bks pkrtjs gscakbks. Zm sgstjmk bgegtka, tjm pkrtjs bgegtkgs (nchtjübc
jspjngkagzkbc) j ghtjrkej jijtukhbc crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk j bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj nchtjübc
hcvc.
Bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk ijn`kbc bj nkpkngbkbj igxk, umk nchigeurkåîc cu ghtjrk-åîc hcvk
jhtrj ks pkrtjs, quj prcbuzk umk qujbk hk jhtrcpgk mçbgk bc sgstjmk, sjrgk bjsnrgtk ncmc
sghçregnk. ^ghjregk ç ncmc sj bgmghug jhtrcpgk „ pjhsj hk jhtrcpgk sjhbc nchvjrtgbk pkrk
sghjregk bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc, ncmc rjsuatkbc bj mubkhåks
(nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka) bj suks pkrtjs ghbgvgbukbks. Nchsgbjrj sghjregk ncmc k jhjregk bk
crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk, jhjregk bcs sgstjmks bgegtkgs. J mkgs, nchsgbjrj k nchsngìhngk
prgmcrbgka (KZC) ncmc icrmk bj sghjregk pctjhngka.
Ä mjbgbk quj jhtrcpgk ç rjbuzgbk, sghjregk pctjhngka (pctjhngka pkrk crekhgzkåîc
sghçregnk) cu jhjregk bgegtka pctjhngka, ç nchvjrtgbk jm sghjregk rjkagzkbk (crekhgzkåîc
prcbuzghbc um sgstjmk quj ç mkgs aunrktgvc bc quj k scmk bks mubkhåks bj crekhgzkåîc
ghbgvgbukgs prcbuzgbk sjm ghtjrkåîc). Vjbuzgr jhtrc-pgk j kumjhtkr sghjregk, kumjhtk k
jhjregk jijtgvk bj um sgstjmk, suk bgspchgfg-agbkbj pkrk ikzjr trkfka`c, sj tcrhkr mkgs
aunrktgvc j nrgkr hcvc nchtjübc ühgnc.
K pctìhngk bj um sgstjmk bgegtka ç ä mjbgbk bk tkxk hk quka pcbj prcbuzgr sghjregk, cu,
bj icrmk mkgs ejrka, mcbgignkr c nchtjübc bj jhtrcpgk bjak mjsmk cu bj cutrcs sgstjmks.
Zmk nchsngìhngk mkgs pctjhtj pcbj rjnchigeurkr fgts, cu rjcrekhgzkr nchtjübc mkgs
prciuhbk j rkpgbkmjhtj,
nchtjübc bgegtka quj umk
jm sju hünajc, umkmjhcs pctjhtj.
nchsngìhngk Bjsbj quj tcbk
suigngjhtjmjhtj jxgstìhngk
pcbjrcsk, pcbj crekhgzcu
mcbgignkr
k bghæmgnk j nkuskagbkbj bj sjus kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhc j jxtjrhc ksscngkbcs. Kssgm, c
mjnkhgsmc quj `kfgagtk j supcrtk cs jijgtcs psg ç rjsuatkbc bgrjtc, bk hkturjzk bgegtka bk
nchsngìhngk j bk bghæmgnk bc jncssgstjmk irkntka quj `kfgtkmcs.
Tcbj sjr ütga pkrk jxpkhbgr j ejhjrkagzkr sju nchnjgtc bj jhjregk, pjhskr hk sghjregk j
jhtrcpgk, ncmc bcgs akbcs bk mjsmk mcjbk bj jhjregk.
Zm sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka jm jvcauåîc, quj ç c mjsmc quj um sgstjmk bgegtka
bj jhjregk kutc crekhgzëvja, jxpjrgmjhtk c sjeughtj< rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk, kumjhtc bk
sghjregk, mkgcr `kfgagbkbj pkrk ikzjr trkfka`c (crekhgzkr aunrktgvkmjhtj pkrk prcbuzgr
rjsuatkbcs prjtjhbgbcs), kumjhtc hk bgspchgfgagbkbj j jhjregk ütga bc sgstjmk, nchvjrsîc bj
jhjregk pctjhngka bgegtka jm jhjregk bgegtka rjkagzkbk, crekhgzkåîc mkgs aunrktgvk ktrkvçs bj
kutcmcbgignkåîc ghtjhngchka, bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj um sgstjmk bgegtka mkgs pctjhtj j nkpkz,
kumjhtc bk qukagbkbj, j nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka „ tcbcs sîc jssjhngkamjhtj jxprjssújs
bgijrjhtjs pkrk k mjsmk ncgsk.
^j jqukngchk k rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk bc sgstjmk bgegtka ncm c kumjhtc bk suk jhjregk j
sghjregk, vcnì nkptcu k igeurk j jhtjhbgmjhtc kbjqukbc, bj ncmc jstks pkakvrks jstîc sjhbc
uskbks. Hc muhbc bgegtka, crekhgzkåîc ç c bgrjngchkbcr j khgmkbcr bc nrjsngmjhtc,
aunrktgvgbkbj, sufstkhngk j nchtjübc. Crekhgzkåîc ç k icrmk üatgmk bj jhjregk.
Hk TMV, crekhgzkåîc (pkrtínuaks jm ëtcmcs, ëtcmcs jm mcaçnuaks j mcaçnuaks jm
vërgks icrmks bj mktçrgk) ç k ichtj üatgmk bj hcssk jhjregk utgagzëvja. C muhbc iísgnc jstë
crekhgzkbc jm sjr, bj kncrbc ncm sju NbV bjighgbcr. C muhbc bgegtka, quj suf scmk c
muhbc iísgnc vgrtuka, nchsgstj sþ bj crekhgzkåîc „ hkbk mkgs. Vjkagbkbj sîc fgts
crekhgzkbcs.
Ajmfrj-sj bc Nkpítuac 69, Agvrc ;, quj cs prþprgcs fgts (nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj) sîc
tkmfçm crekhgzkbcs jm jxgstìhngk ncmc uhgbkbjs rjakngchkgs fghërgks (bgstcrngbc vjrsus
hîc-bgstcrngbc). Hc iuhbc bjstk `gjrkrqugk bj prcnjssc crekhgzkbc jstë umk KZC
kutcmcbgignëvja bgstcrnívja „ um j ühgnc prjssupcstc quj prjngsk pjrmkhjnjr kaçm bk hcssk
ncmprjjhsîc. Aþegnk rjqujr quj, bc pchtc bj vgstk bk TMV, KZC prjngsj pkrjnjr místgnk
pkrk hþs „ hjnjsskrgkmjhtj (hk prëtgnk j tjcrgk) kaçm bc hcssc nch`jngmjhtc. Hcssk cutrk
supcsgåîc, c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bk jvcauåîc, bjighj k aunrktgvgbkbj j bjtjrmghk k
trkljtþrgk bj mubkh-åks bj jstkbc, cu nkmgh`c bj nrjsngmjhtc jvcaungchërgc bk KZC. Bc
pctjhngka bgegtka prgmka bk KZC j bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka, tcbc c rjstc ç bjrgvkbc.
Tcbj sjr nchnjgtukamjhtj ütga nchsgbjrkr nchsngìhngk bj ncmputkbcr, ncmc k sghjregk
quj ç nrgkbk pjak scmk bks pkrtjs scitwkrj j `krbwkrj bc ncmputkbcr. C jncssgstjmk mkgs
kmpac bj nchsngìhngk jvcaug (kumjhtk suk sghjregk) ä mjbgbk quj suks pkrtjs kvkhåkm pkrk
nchigeurkåújs bj mkgs fkgxk jhtrcpgk, ktrkvçs bj um prcnjssc gtjrktgvc, c quka n`kmkmcs
ngnac bk nchsngìhngk. Nchsngìhngk ç um rjsuatkbc jhjreçtgnc, rjbutcr bj jhtrcpgk, hîc um
mjnkhgsmc cu bgspcsgtgvc. Ncmputkbcrjs, nçrjfrcs j nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj sîc mjnkhgsmcs.
Bj icrmk sgmpajs, nchsngìhngk rjprjsjhtk k jhjregk bk crekhgzkåîc.
Hgheuçm ikz um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk, ikz um sgstjmk quj supcrtk k jvcauåîc bk
nchsngìhngk. Nchsngìhngk, ncmc umk iacr, hîc pcbj sjr nchstruíbk bgrjtkmjhtj, mks nrjsnj
qukhbc ks nchbgåújs içrtjgs kprcprgkbks sîc bkbks. Nrjsngmjhtc ç `kfgagtkbc qukhbc c
sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk tjm k `kfgagbkbj bj rjbuzgr suk prþprgk jhtrcpgk mçbgk, cu bj icrmk
jqugvkajhtj, crekhgzk k sg mjsmc mkgs jijtgvkmjhtj hk fusnk bj mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj. Zm
sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk
qukagbkbj, cs quktrc sj tcrhk kutcjvcauívja
ktrgfutcs qukhbc
bk nchsngìhngk nchtçm, jm
bgsnutgbcs hc suigngjhtj qukhtgbkbj
ghíngc bjstj j
nkpítuac.
Nchsngìhngk bjvj jvcaugr „ hîc pcbj sjr prcbuzgbk jm sju jstkbc ighka. ûk jvcauåîc pcbj
sjr knjajrkbk cu rjtkrbkbk,

rjtkrbkbk, mks kghbk prjngsk jvcaugr geuka.
K igm bj pkrtgngpkr jm um akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc jm rjkagbkbj vgrtuka fksjkbc-jm-
rjerks, um irkemjhtc agmgtkbc bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk pcbj sjr `cspjbkbc pcr umk
jstruturk (tka ncmc um nçrjfrc cu ncmputkbcr). Ks agmgtkåújs bk jstruturk bj supcrtj,
agmgtkm k pjrnjpåîc j c pctjhngka crekhgzkngchka bk nchsngìhngk sjhbc `cspjbkbk. [ukhbc
umk nchsngìhngk jvcaug kaçm bk nkpkngbkbj bj umk jstruturk pkrtgnuakr jm supcrtë-ak,
sgmpajsmjhtj mgerk pkrk um `cspjbjgrc mkgs kbjqukbc (tka ncmc ncmputkbcr mkgs
pcbjrcsc, nçrjfrc mkgcr cu bgrjtkmjhtj pkrk c RFN, JFN cu KZM). Kssgm, tcbks ks
icrmks bj nchsngìhngk, kghbk quj tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj sj ageujm (`kfgtjm) umk jstruturk vgrtuka
pkrk ekh`kr um tgpc jspjngignc bj jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrktgvk fksjkbk-jm-rjerks, cu hîc, tìm um
nkmgh`c mþvja bj nrjsngmjhtc (pkrk ngmk).
K mjsmk aþegnk sj kpagnk k hþs. Rcbk nchsngìhngk iuhngchk bk mjsmk icrmk. Zm
sgstjmk nrgkbcr-bj-sghjregk kutc crekhgzëvja ühgnc, quj puxk k sg prþprgc pjacs nkbkråcs hk
fusnk bk aunrktgvgbkbj, bjighj hcssk nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc j prcvì um nkmgh`c hk
bgrjåîc bj mkgcr qukagbkbj j mjhcr jhtrcpgk. Jm sgstjmks bgegtkgs ncm cs ktrgfutcs njrtcs, c
pctjhngka pkrk kutc-crekhgzkåîc (nchsngìhngk) ç iuhbkmjhtka j pjrsgstj, jhqukhtc cs
prcnjsscs ghbgvgbukgs cu jspjníigncs krmkbcs pkrk `kfgagtkr kqujak crekhgzkåîc (ncrpc cu
ncmputkbcr), hîc sîc iuhbkmjhtkgs j pcbjm gr j vgr nchicrmj k hjnjssgbkbj.
K nchsngìhngk quj vcnì pcssug ç um irkemjhtc bj umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk mkgcr.
^ju irkemjhtc j mugtcs cutrcs, bj cutrks uhgbkbjs bj nchsngìh-ngk ghbgvgbukbk, jstîc tcbcs
ghtjrkeghbc pjac jxjrníngc bj suks ghtjhåújs j ikzjhbc jsnca`ks bjhtrc bcs agmgtjs bc NbV
jspkåc-tjmpc (quj bjighj umk TMV vgrtuka), k igm bj knjajrkr c prcnjssc bj jvcauåîc bk
nchsngìhngk pjsscka. ûk nchsngìhngk ç umk icrmk bj jhjregk pctjhngka kutc crekhgzëvja „
umk knumuakåîc bj sghjregk bgegtka, nrgkbk pcr umk ghighgbkbj bj ghtjhåújs aunrktgvks j
jsnca`ks sëfgks.
K nkpkngbkbj bk nchsngìhngk bj umk jhtgbkbj j k pjrschkagbkbj supcrtkbk pcr kqujak
nkpkngbkbj, sîc iuhåújs bks agmgtkåújs, `kfgagbkbj j nkpkngbkbjs bc `krbwkrj (ncrpc) j
scitwkrj (prcnjssc bjngsþrgc). Kbgngchkamjhtj, nkpkngbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ç bjpjhbjhtj bk
jhtrcpgk nchtgbk hc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk j bcs NbVs quj bjighjm jxpjrgìhngk j prcpþsgtc.
Kaçm bc mkgs, k nkpkngbkbj, pjrschkagbkbj j qukagbkbj bj umk jhtgbkbj, sîc agmgtkbks pjacs
bkbcs, mjmþrgk j jxpjrgìhngk pkrtgnuakrjs quj icrkm prcnjsskbcs pjak jhtgbkbj. C nchtjübc
ghtjrhc bj umk bkbk jhtgbkbj (qukagbkbj, nch`jngmjhtc, kmcr, skfjbcrgk, mjbc,
hjnjssgbkbj, bjsjlc j jec) ç bjighgbc pjak knumuakåîc bj tcbks ks jsnca`ks ijgtks, ghtjhåújs
scfrj ks qukgs ktucu, j rjsuatkbcs prcbuzgbcs.
Ktç chbj jstj nch`jngmjhtc, bkbcs j ksscngkåújs jstruturkbks sjlkm skavcs, hîc `ë
hjhùm prcfajmk jm trkhsijrgr nchsngìhngk j pjrschkagbkbj bj um vksga`kmj (ncrpc cu
ncmputkbcr) pkrk cutrc. Tcrquj c vksga`kmj sþ `cspjbk k nchsngìhngk j hîc ç k ichtj bjak,
j pcrquj k nchsngìhngk ç iuhbkmjhtka j bgegtka, trkhsijrgr nchsngìhngk jhtrj vksga`kmjs
iísgncs, ç kaec ncmc trkhsijrgr bkbcs bj um pjh brgvj pkrk cutrc.
@umkhcs njrjfrkgs, ncmputkbcrjs ghtjagejhtjs j mkrgsncs nkfjåk mcaj, tcbcs
rjprjsjhtkm icrmks bj jxgstìhngk sjhngjhtj. Rcbcs rjprjsjhtkm prcbutcs hkturkgs bk
jvcauåîc bjhtrc bc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka „ qujr gmpajmjhtkbcs igsgnkmjhtj jm
tjnhcacegk bj nkrfchc
mkrgsncs j kfja`ks cu sgaíngc.
nchsngjhtjs Ncmputkbcrjs
„ kpjhks nchsngjhtjs
mkgs umk ghstkhngk sîc cutrk
bj kghbk ncmc nchsngìhngk
pjsscks, ektcs,
hîc-
iísgnk, sjhbc `cspjbkbk jm umk icrmk iísgnk jspjníignk bjhtrc bk TMV. ^jhbc Mknkncs
N`jij, pcbjmcs (jstkmcs kprjhbjhbc ncmc) mkhgpuakr (prcerkmkr) tcbks ks vërgks

ghirkjstruturks iísgnks quj `cspjbkm nchsngìhngk, bjhtrc bj hcssk rjkagbkbj acnka „ ghnausgvj
k hcssk.
Bjsncfrgrë hk ^jåîc 2 quj vcnì j kqujaj ncmputkbcr bgegtka scfrj suk jsnrgvkhgh`k tìm
mkgs jm ncmum bc quj lkmkgs gmkeghcu. Tjhskr scfrj k hkturjzk j prcprgjbkbjs bc hcssc
iuturc grmîc bj sgaíngc, jm tjrmcs bj jvcauåîc bk pjrnjpåîc bgegtka, bjvjrgk prcvjr umk
sgehgignkhtj gaumghkåîc scfrj hcssk prþprgk hkturjzk j prcprgjbkbjs. K jvcauåîc j
prcerjssîc bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka rjprjsjhtk um prcnjssc fësgnc j rjaktgvkmjhtj sgmpajs,
quj sj kpagnk k tcbk nchsngìhngk bgegtka, chbj qujr quj jak igquj hc akfgrghtc muatghívja bc
irkntka bj jvcauåîc-bk-nchsngìhngk.
Kecrk quj jhtjhbjmcs nchsngìhngk mja`cr, pcbjrgk sjr ghstrutgvc rjvgsgtkr c nchnjgtc bj
umk nchsngìhngk bgegtka jvcaughbc, rjnursgvkmjhtj rjpjtgbk j kpagnkbk jm jsnkaks mugtc
bgijrjhtjs „ um hívja nchstrughbc scfrj c cutrc pkrk prcbuzgr Rubc C [uj Ç. Ncmc jm
tcbcs cs irkntkgs, umk rjpjtgåîc bj crekhgzkåîc fësgnk, pkbrîc j rjerks sgmpajs pkrk
mubkhåk, kpagnkbks rjpjtgbkmjhtj, ejrk um rjsuatkbc mchstrucskmjhtj erkhbj, bjtka`kbc j
ncmpajxc. Ycnì bjvjrgk jstkr creua`csc bj sjr umk pjqujhghk pjåk bjstk bghæmgnk Ygsîc
Kmpak jncssgstjmk irkntka ghtjrktgvc bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Ncmc pkrtj ghtjerka bc
irkntka bj nchsngìhngk Ygsîc Kmpak jm jvcauåîc, c prcnjssc, prcpþsgtc j pkbrîc bj vcnì ç c
prcnjssc prcpþsgtc j pkbrîc bc tcbc. Cuvgrjmcs mkgs scfrj gstc hk ^jåîc : (Nkpgtuac ;>,
Agvrc >).
@umkhcs, crekhgzkåújs, tjnhcacegk j cutrks jhtgbkbjs jvcaughbc, tcbcs prcergbjm bj
icrmk sgmgakr. Jhtgbkbjs ncmpkrtga`khbc `krbwkrj scitwkrj j nuaturk sgmgakrjs (ghnaughbc
nkpkngbkbj iísgnk, mjhtka, nchtjübc ejhçtgnc j nchbgåújs kmfgjhtjs) jvcaujm bj icrmk
sgmgakr, mks hîc gbìhtgnk. Tjhsj jm umk scngjbkbj rjaktgvkmjhtj pjqujhk gscakbk
`gstcrgnkmjhtj „ umk ga`k hkåîc, tkavjz ncmc c Lkpîc „ j hctj k `cmcejhjgbkbj. Tcbjrgk
um bgk `kvjr jspçngjs j rkåks bgijrjhtjs bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka, ghncrpcrkbks jm
ncmputkbcrjs bgegtkgs3 ^gm, pcr quj hîc3 Kn`k quj jajs grîc hkturkamjhtj cbgkr uhs kcs
cutrcs3 Rjh`k jm mjhtj quj jajs hîc sîc ncmc hþs, jhtîc sjlk nugbkbcsc pkrk hîc
khtrcpcmcrigzkr nkrkntjrístgnks jm cutrks icrmks bj nchsngìhngk. [uka sjrgk k ichtj bjstk
ghsjeurkhåk j mjbc3 ^jrë quj cs mkgcrjs (mkgs nkpkzjs) vîc nùtkr jaçtrchs hk nkrk bcs
mjhcrjs3 ^jrë quj cs mjhcrjs sj prjcnupkrîc ncm gssc3
Grîc cs ncmputkbcrjs jvjhtukamjhtj sj tcrhkr umk pkrtj ghtjerkbk bc jncssgstjmk mkgs
kmpac, ejrka j ghtjrbjpjhbjhtj bj nchsngìhngk3 Tcbj kpcstkr hgstc. Trcnjsscs j rjsuatkbcs
sgmgakrjs lë knchtjnjrkm khtjs „ vjlk c quj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka ijz ncm hcsscs
agmgtkbcs irkemjhtcs bj nchsngìhngk. Jvcauåîc tjm umk mkhjgrk bj jxpkhbgr-sj pkrk nkbk
pcssgfgagbkbj bgspchívja „ chbj ks nkpkngbkbjs ghgngkgs, kssgm ncmc ks prjssújs hcs
kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhcs j jxtjrhcs sjlkm sgmgakrjs, cs rjsuatkbcs sjrîc sgmgakrjs.
Bjsjhvcavjr j jstubkr nchsngìhngk fksjkbk jm ncmputkbcr bgegtka hcs jhsghkrë scfrj
hcssk prþprgk nchsngìhngk j scfrj nchsngìhngk jm ejrka. Jspjrj kvkhåcs bj rupturk hk
ncmprjjhsîc bk nchsngìhngk, k quj jvjhtukamjhtj sjeugrîc skatcs hc `krbwkrj j scitwkrj bj
ncmputkbcr, quj jhtrjekrîc cs rjnurscs hjnjssërgcs, pkrk supcrtkr k icrmkåîc j jvcauåîc
hkturka bk nchsngìhngk.
Agmgtkåújs
prcnjssc j rjstrgåújs
jvcaungchërgc ç bgijrjhtjs nrgkm cbgijrjhtjs
jssjhngkamjhtj mjsmc prcbutcs bj nchsngìhngk,
pkrk tcbcs cs sgstjmks mks ncmc c
ncmpajxcs,
bjvjríkmcs tkmfçm jspjrkr kaeuhs pkrkajacs j sgmgakrgbkbjs jhtrj jhtgbkbjs ncm
nkrkntjrístgnks sgmgakrjs. Ncmputkbcrjs ghtjagejhtjs sjrîc ghngkamjhtj ijgtcs k gmkejm bc

sju nrgkbcr. Ykmcs bjsjh`k-acs pkrk sjr ncmc hþs, tkhtc qukhtc pcssívja j cs luaekrjmcs
pcr quîc fjm ktghegrîc j mkhtjrîc jssk pcsgåîc, pcrquj jm hcssks mjhtjs scmcs c mcbjac
suprjmc pkrk mjnæhgnk, ghtjageìhngk j nchsngìhngk iuhngchkgs. ◂
Jm ejrka, nchsngìhngk ncmjåk jxtrjmkmjhtj cpknk j sj jstgvjrjm prjsjhtjs cs gherjbgjhtjs

jxtjrhcs j ghtjrhcs njrtcs, jvcaug pkrk jstkbcs mkgs katcs bj sjr, bjhtrc bcs agmgtjs pjrmgtgbcs
pcr sju pctjhngka pkrtgnuakr. Jstkbcs mkgs katcs bj sjr sîc nkrkntjrgzkbcs pcr tjr mkgcr
nkpkngbkbj j nkpkfgagbkbj jm nkbk um bcs quktrc ktrgfutcs bk nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk, bkbcs hc
ghíngc bjstj nkpítuac. Nchsngìhngk j sjhngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks pkrjnjm vkrgkr nchtghuk-mjhtj jm
qukagbkbj, nkpkngbkbj, iuhåîc j pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc, scfrj umk jsnkak quksj ghighgtk „ bk
KZM, kc N`jiîc, k vcnì, kc mkrgsnc j k kmjfk.
Hcs nchsgbjrkrmcs ncmc k ühgnk (cu mja`cr) jxprjssîc bk nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj „ quj cs
sjrjs sjlkm pjrnjptgvcs ncmc hþs, cu sjrîc gbgctks „ ç umk fjstjgrk krrcekhtj j khtrcpcmþrignk.
Rcbks ks nchsngìhngks sîc hîc-iísgnks pjac pchtc bj vgstk bk TMV, nchtubc, k gbjgk bj quj k
nchsngìhngk rjqujr umk kamk „ lustc ncmc hþs, nakrc, cu hîc sjrë umk nchsngìhngk kutjhtgnk rjka
ncm umk kamk „ vjm bc mjsmc tgpc bj pjhskmjhtc jstrjgtc. Bgsnutgrjmcs jstj tjmk jm mkgs
bjtka`j hk sjåîc sjeughtj.
[ukhbc pjreuhtkmcs, ‑Ncmputkbcrjs kaeum bgk sjrîc nchsngjhtjs3 ” c quj k mkgcrgk bj hþs
qujr rjkamjhtj bgzjr ç, ‑Ncmputkbcrjs kaeum bgk tjrîc nchsngìhngk kprcxgmkbkmjhtj ùmkhk3
”. Tkrjnj quj hîc pcbjmcs gmkeghkr hkbk kaçm bj hþs mjsmcs. Zm pchtc bj vgstk tîc agmgtkbc ç
njec pkrk ks pcssgfgagbkbjs pjac icnc jm sg mjsmc (jecísmc). C `cmjm j sju mja`cr kmgec (hk
cpghgîc bjaj) sîc kmfcs jxjmpacs bj nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj ühgnk j pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc.
Knrjbgtkr quj ùmkhcs rjprjsjhtjm c zìhgtj bc pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc bk nchsngìhngk, ç mkgs
quj jxtrjmkmjhtj gheìhuc j ajvk k vjr KZM sjeuhbc hcssk gmkejm.
Ikz um fga`îc bj khcs (cu pcr kí) ks kmjfks, ncm kaeumk lustgignktgvk, tgh`km k mjsmk
ktgtubj supjrgcr „ j k mkgcrgk bjaks, sjeuhbc mj bgssjrkm, kghbk tìm. @clj, sjr mkgs jspjrtc quj
umk kmjfk ç rjaktgvkmjhtj sgmpajs. Nchtubc, sjr mkgs sëfgc, mjhcs krrcekhtj j mjhcs jecístk
bc quj umk kmjfk, pcr kaeumk jstrkh`k rkzîc, nchtghuk k sjr prcfajmëtgnc.
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^jrë [uj C Erkhbj Nkrk Rjm
^jhtgmjhtcs cu Tjrschkagbkbj3
C [uj Kmcr Rjm K Yjr Ncm Nchsngìhngk3
J scfrj ks jmcåújs j sjhtgmjhtcs tkgs ncmc kajergk, pkz, trgstjzk, bcr, mjbc j prkzjr3
Hîc mj rjigrc kqug k bcr cu prkzjr iísgncs. Tcrquj k KZM hîc ç fgcaþegnk, jstks sîc qujstújs
mkgs icnkbks-hk-mjhtj. ^jrë quj k KZM kaeumk vjz grrgtk k sg mjsmk, tjm um bgk rugm, ignk
jhtjbgkbk cu sj sjhtj sþ, lcekhbc kpjhks ncm jak mjsmk3 Hc Nkpítuac 67, Agvrc ;, bgsnutgmcs k
nrgkåîc bj vkacrjs. Ygmcs quj k jvcauåîc cpjrkhbc scfrj umk ekmk rgnk bj pcssgfgagbkbjs
ncmjåcu k crekhgzkr k nchsngìhngk jm umk pjrnjpåîc bj mugtc mkgs fkgxk jhtrcpgk, quj
jvjhtukamjhtj ajvcu k ghtjageìhngk kutcnchsngjhtj, sjeugbk pcr vkacrjs, j tjrmghkhbc ncm
pjrschkagbkbj j prcpþsgtc. Hjstj nkpítuac j hc sjeughtj, vkmcs jxpacrkr k pjrschkagbkbj j
sjhtgmjhtcs bk KZM jm lustkpcsgåîc k suk pjrschkagbkbj j sjhtgmjhtcs. K n`kvj pkrk umk
kvkagkåîc aþegnk bk pjrschkagbkbj j sjhtgmjhtcs ç umk ncmprjjhsîc bc nchnjgtc bj jec.
▼Kecrk jstkmcs ikakhbc scfrj sjhtgmjhtcs, pjrschkagbkbj j mkhjgrks bj sjr, k

bgsnussîc bc pkpja j iuhåîc bc jec j sju rjakngchkmjhtc ncm c mjbc sjrë bj klubk. Tkrk
jhtjhbjr c jec bjvj prgmjgrc jhtjhbjr c mjbc. Kc hívja mkgs iuhbc, mjbc ç ejrkbc pcr
gehcræhngk bjhtrc bj umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk qukagbkbj. Mjbc j katk jhtrcpgk sj rjicråkm
mutukmjhtj „ um nrgk, j jhncrklk c cutrc.
Mkgs njbc, mjhngchkmcs quj k prjssîc jvcaungchërgk jstkvk hk rkgz bcs quktrc
mctgvkbcrjs prghngpkgs bk ùmkhgbkbj< ;) scfrjvgvìhngk j sunjssc mktjrgka, 6)
rjakngchkmjhtc mkn`c-iìmjk j sjxc, >) ghiaujhngk, nchtrcaj j pcbjr, j 2) kutcmja`crgk,
kmcr j mjbc. Cs prgmjgrcs trìs sîc rjsuatkbc bgrjtc bk jvcauåîc iísgnk jhqukhtc c üatgmc ç
um prcbutc bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Rcbcs cs quktrc jstîc uhgnkmjhtj mgsturkbcs jm
nchluhtc, bjhtrc bj nkbk ghbgvíbuc. Ç jstk mgsturk mctgvkngchka quj bgrgej c ercssc bj
hcssks jsnca`ks. [ukhbc qujr quj um ghbgvíbuc pjrnjfk quj jaj jstë tjhbc ikatk sçrgk bcs
prgmjgrcs trìs, mjbc ç ejrkbc, jspjngkamjhtj sj k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk icr fkgxk.
Kbgngchkamjhtj, c mjbc surej bc nch`jngmjhtc cu jhtjhbgmjhtc ghncmpajtc „ j skatk pkrk
tjrrcr bj pcssgfgagbkbjs bjsnch`jngbks. Trjcnupkåîc, khsgjbkbj j sjhtgmjhtcs bj
ghkbjqukåîc ejrkm ghsjeurkhåk j mjbc. Gehcræhngk scprkhbc ks n`kmks bc mjbc pcbj
rkpgbkmjhtj rjtrckagmjhtkr um frksjgrc bj ghsjeurkhåks, umk nrjsnjhbc scfrj k cutrk.
Mugtcs bj hþs jxpjrgmjhtkrkm jstj prcnjssc bjejhjrktgvc pcunc skubëvja, qukhbc kaeumk
pjssck qujrgbk ignk mka, sj ijrj cu bjskpkrjnj ghjspjrkbkmjhtj, j hîc skfjmcs ncmc k
sgtukåîc vkg knkfkr.
C mjbc rjsgbj hk ghtjhåîc cu mctgvkåîc, hîc hk kåîc. Tcr jxjmpac, prcpcsgtkbkmjhtj
jvgtkr um prcfajmk pcbj sjr um ktc bj fcm luaekmjhtc j hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj sjr mctgvkbc
pjac mjbc. Mjbc, ncmc prcbutc bj umk ghtjhåîc, rjprjsjhtk um jstkbc cu nchbgåîc bk
nchsngìhngk.
Mjbc ç ncmc um næhnjr-bk-mjhtj? ç umk bcjhåk bk nchsngìhngk, umk nchbgåîc

bgsiuhngchka bj gehcræhngk kprgsgchkbk bjhtrc bk vgsîc jstrjgtk. Mjbc ç jxprjsskbc pcr umk
ghtjhåîc bj katk jhtrcpgk bgrjngchkhbc kåújs quj hîc rjiajtjm jhtjhbgmjhtc hjm vgsîc.
Ncmc um næhnjr fgcaþegnc, mjbc ç bjfgagtkbcr j bjstrutgvc pkrk c sgstjmk hc quka jaj
nrjsnj.
Jec ç rjsuatkbc bgrjtc bc mjbc. Hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs, jxpjntktgvks j bjsjlc sîc
ejrkbcs pjac jec ncmc pkrtj bk suk jstrktçegk bj vgsîc nurtk pkrk rjbuzgr k khsgjbkbj
prcbuzgbk pjac mjbc. Bjsjlc ç ejrkbc pcr vchtkbjs j hjnjssgbkbjs, mks hjm tcbcs cs
bjsjlcs sîc fksjkbcs-jm-mjbc. Bjsjlcs fësgncs (bj fkgxc hívja) tkgs ncmc sjxc j icmj hîc
sîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj fksjkbcs hc mjbc, j c bjsjlc bj mja`crkr k sg mjsmc (sj k mctgvkåîc
icr ncrrjtk) pcbj sjr um icrtj ghnjhtgvc pcsgtgvc. Jm ejrka, qukhbc ikac bj bjsjlc, jstcu mj
rjijrghbc kc bjsjlc quj hksnj ncmc rjspcstk bk bks hjnjssgbkbjs bc jec.
C jec j ghtjajntc sîc jxprjssújs bc sjr ghbgvgbuka? jajs rjiajtjm k qukagbkbj bk
nchsngìhngk bkqujaj sjr. Mjbc ç k rjkåîc bkqujaj sjr k pjrnjpåîc bj umk vuahjrkfgagbkbj,
prcfajmk cu bgignuabkbj. C jec vgvj j trkfka`k jhtrj cs mjbcs j bjsjlcs pcr um akbc, j c
ghtjajntc pjac cutrc „ ç um nchsja`jgrc nchigëvja pkrk c ghtjajntc ncm c trkfka`c jspjngka bj
hjutrkagzkr jijgtcs bgsiuhngchkgs bc mjbc, kssgm ncmc bjighgr j icnkagzkr jm ncgsks
bjsjlkbks (vchtkbjs, hjnjssgbkbjs j jxpjntktgvks).
Zm sgmpajs jxjmpac bc pkr bjsjlc-mjbc ç c mjbc bj sjr ghkbjqukbc kncpakbc k
hjnjssgbkbj bj pkrjnjr sjr kbjqukbc. K hjnjssgbkbj-jec jm ejrka ç sktgsijgtk pcr qukaqujr
krrkhlc quj pkrjåk hjekr k jxgstìhngk (cu ncmpjhskr) c mjbc „ ghbjpjhbjhtj bj quîc
supjrigngka cu trkhspkrjhtj sjlk jstk jstrktçegk kcs ca`cs bcs cutrcs. C jec ç burkmjhtj
prjssgchkbc pkrk nrgkr um pchtc bj vgstk quj rjbuz k khsgjbkbj prcbuzgbk pjac mjbc „
qukaqujr pchtc bj vgstk quj iuhngchj, j rëpgbc, ç sktgsiktþrgc. Furkncs j bgsnrjpæhngks hk
rkngchkagbkbj bc pchtc bj vgstk bc jec, sîc rkpgbkmjhtj prjjhn`gbcs pcr nrjhåks
nchvjhgjhtjs. Ç trkfka`c bc jec rjbuzgr k khsgjbkbj j c bjsnchicrtc, vkrrjhbc mjbcs
bjsnchnjrtkhtjs pkrk fkgxc bc tkpjtj. K rjerk prghngpka ç ‑achej‑achej bcs ca`cs, achej bc
ncrkåîc”,
ncrkåîc ”, cu bj icrmk jqugvkajhtj, achej bk pjrnjpåîc/nchsngìhngk, icrk bk rjkagbkbj
pjsscka.
C jec j ghtjajntc bc ghbgvíbuc trkfka`km luhtcs pkrk bjsjhvcavjr j lustgignkr kqujaks
hjnjssgbkbjs, bjsjlcs, vchtkbjs, jxpjntktgvks j nrjhåks quj sîc rjqujrgbks pkrk prjvjhgr quj
c mjbc kijtj kbvjrskmjhtj k pjrnjpåîc iuhngchka (cpjrktgvk) bc ghbgvíbuc „ suk mgssîc ç
kssjeurkr quj c ghbgvíbuc sjmprj sj sghtk fjm k rjspjgtc bj sg mjsmc. Hjhùm jhecbc cu
mjhtgrk, bjsbj quj pcssk sjr sktgsiktcrgkmjhtj lustgignkbk, jstë icrk bcs agmgtjs. K jstrktçegk
mkgs ütga bjstj buc bghæmgnc ç mkhtjr k ikhtksgk bj pcbjr, sgehgignæhngk, gmpcrtæhngk,
kbjqukåîc, ncrrjåîc, ncmpjtìhngk, ghvuahjrkfgagbkbj, supjrgcrgbkbj, rjtgbîc cu bc quj sjlk
hjnjssërgc pkrk kagvgkr k khsgjbkbj prcbuzgbk pjac mjbc.
Ikhtksgk cu gausîc sîc ghtjerkbks k rjkagbkbj pjrnjfgbk bc ghbgvíbuc pjak ghtjrprjtkåîc
pkrtgnuakr bj suk jxpjrgìhngk. Bcs trìs (mjbc, jec j ghtjajntc), c mjbc ç c ühgnc quj
iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj pcbjrcsc.
pcbjrcsc. Cs cutrcs, ncmc c Mëegnc bj Cz, bjrgvkm k mkgcr pkrtj bj
sju pcbjr kpkrjhtj bj gausîc j truqujs.
Mks, j scfrj c pcbjr bc ghtjajntc3 C ghtjajntc bk ùmkhgbkbj ç umk cfrk jvcaungchkrgk
bk qukabcjstkmcs
ichtj hcssc mugtíssgmcs
pcbjr, tkhtccreua`cscs.
ghbgvgbuka Hcssc
ncmc ghtjajntc, ncmcJaj
bk jspçngj. c nkfjac
icrhjnjbc k^khsîc, çk
vkhtkejm
jvcaungchërgk quj hcs pjrmgtj bcmghkr cutrcs khgmkgs j jxpacrkr k tjrrk.
C ghtjajntc pjac mjhcs tjm kaeum knjssc (j nchtrcaj) bk mjmþrgk j pcbjr bj

prcnjsskmjhtc. Jaj pcbj ikzjr khkagsj bjbutgvk j ghbutgvk, j ikzjr kvkagkåújs aþegnks
jmprjekhbc um prcnjssc pkrjngbc kc quj um ncmputkbcr bgegtka uskrgk pkrk ncmpajtkr umk
tkrjik sgmgakr „ jxnjtc quj c ghtjajntc ùmkhc hîc ç hjm bj achej tîc fcm jm prcnjsscs
aþegncs qukhtc um ncmputkbcr. C pjhskmjhtc ùmkhc frga`k hk ncajtk bj bkbcs,
ghtjrprjtkåîc j síhtjsj, tkhtc qukhtc jm kutc jxprjssîc nrgktgvk, mks ç hctcrgkmjhtj irknc
jm kpagnkr prcnjsscs aþegncs. Kprjhbjmcs k uskr mktjmëtgnk, ncmc ijrrkmjhtk pkrk
jstjhbjr hcssk rjbuzgbk `kfgagbkbj hkturka aþegnk. ^jm k mktjmëtgnk pkrk ncfrgr hcssk ikatk
bj `kfgagbkbj aþegnk hkturka, hcssk ksnjhsîc kc pcbjr tjrgk jstkehkbc hc sçnuac bjzjhcvj,
sjhîc khtjs. ^jr aþegnc jm qukaqujr prciuhbgbkbj sgehgignktgvk hîc ç kaec quj vjm
hkturkamjhtj kc `cmjm (mugtc mjhcs k mua`jr) pcrquj hîc ç pkrtgnuakrmjhtj gmpcrtkhtj
kc hcssc prcpþsgtc.
Trjngskmcs kpjhks bj suigngjhtj pjrspgnëngk bj prcnjsskmjhtc aþegnc quj icrhjåk c
rjtcrhc rjqujrgbc pkrk jvcaugr hcssk nchsngìhngk bj icrmk jigngjhtj. Hcs jxnjbjmcs hk
ncajtk bj bkbcs, ghtjrprjtkåîc j síhtjsj pcrquj jstks sîc `kfgagbkbjs quj prjngskmcs pkrk
jvcaugr hcssk nchsngìhngk. Mkgs irjqujhtjmjhtj quj hîc, c quj bjgxkmcs pksskr pcr
pjhskmjhtc aþegnc jm tjmks pjssckgs, kpjhks tcrhk hcssc prcerjssc mkgs bgiínga. Lustgignkr
ks hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs j bjsjlcs bc hcssc jec, ncmc rjqugsgtcs kpkrjhtjmjhtj aþegncs
pkrk hcssk ijagngbkbj nchtghukbk, bjmchstrk ncmc hcssc ghtjajntc pcbj sj tcrhkr um
bjtrgmjhtc k jvcauåîc jxgtcsk bk nchsngìhngk. Lustgignkhbc hcssks nrjhåks (ikzjhbc-ks
pkrjnjr rkngchkgs), hcssc ghtjajntc sj tcrhk pkrtj bc mjnkhgsmc bj krmkbga`kmjhtc bks
krmkbga`ks-bj-nrjhåk.
Mugtcs bj hþs knrjbgtkm sjrjm mugtc mkgs aþegncs bc quj rjkamjhtj scmcs.
[ukhbc trktkmcs bkqujaks ktgvgbkbjs quj sîc mkgs aunrktgvks pkrk k jvcauåîc bj hcssk
nchsngìhngk (ghtjrkåîc pjsscka j rjakngchkmjhtcs, pcr jxjmpac), k mkgcrgk bj hþs, scmcs
mugtc pcunc rkngchkgs, quj bgrë aþegncs. Rjmcs mugtc k kprjhbjr khtjs bj jstkr prchtcs pkrk
tcmkr jijtgvk rjspchskfgagbkbj (nchtrcaj) bcs kspjntcs mkgs gmpcrtkhtjs bj hcssk vgbk j
jxgstìhngk „ ç pcr gstc quj jstkmcs mktrgnuakbcs jm um lkrbgm bj ghiæhngk TMV pkrk
nchsngìhngks lcvjhs bj fkgxk qukagbkbj.
qukagbkbj. J pcr gstc quj c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk T^G, k sjr
bgsnutgbc hcs Nkpítuacs ;> j ;2 bjstj agvrc, ç um rjqugsgtc bjhtrc bk TMV.
^jrë quj ks pkakvrks ‑fkgxk qukagbkbj” hc pkrëerkic khtjrgcr ktgåkrkm sju jec pjac
mjhcs um pcuqugh`c3 ^j sjhtgu um pcunc pkrk fkgxc cu bjsecstcu bks gmpagnkåújs
pjssckgs3 ^j gstc cncrrju, ‑mju nksc jstë jhnjrrkbc”.
Krtj, ghtugåîc j nrgktgvgbkbj, tgpgnkmjhtj hîc iaujm bc ghtjajntc „ kghbk quj c ghtjajntc,
ks klubj k tcbks ncm bjighgåîc j prcnjssc. Vjnch`jngmjhtc bj pkbrújs j síhtjsj nrgktgvk,
buks bj hcssks iuhåújs njrjfrkgs mkgs ncmpajxks, ignkm prgmkrgkmjhtj icrk bk nkpkngbkbj
cpjrkngchka bc ghtjajntc.
Ncmc nkmpjújs hc usc bj ijrrkmjhtks hk TMV, hcssc ghtjajntc ç ghjekvjamjhtj k ichtj
bj hcssk ncmpjtìhngk tçnhgnk. Hcssk `kfgagbkbj pkrk uskr j prcljtkr ijrrkmjhtks mkgs
pcbjrcsks, knumuakr rjnurscs j ajvkr k mja`cr scfrj k Mîj Hkturjzk, uhs scfrj cs cutrcs j k
hþs mjsmcs, ç um trgfutc k ghvjhtgvgbkbj bj hcssc ghtjajntc, c pcbjr bj hcssk mktjmëtgnk j
kc grrjprjssívja bjsjlc bj nchtrcakr j bcmghkr.
bcmghkr. Nchtubc, jm tjrmcs bj nchsngìhngk, pcbjr
pjsscka
Mkgs sj rjijrj
Kmpak kc pc
pcbjr
bjr pkrk
jspkåc-mjhtj, ikzjr jsnca`ks
sju pcbjr njrtks
ç bjrgvkbc quj ajvjmbkkssuk
bk qukagbkbj kåújs njrtks
njrtks.. Hkhîc
nchsngìhngk, Ygsîc
bj
suk `kfgagbkbj bj icråkr cs kssuhtcs pkrk rjscavj-acs k suk sktgsikåîc.
Jm tjmks gmpcrtkhtjs, c ghtjajntc rkrkmjhtj tjm mkgs quj umk pjqujhk irkåîc bcs
bkbcs vjrbkbjgrcs, hjnjssërgcs pkrk umk khëagsj aþegnk ütga. Nchtubc, c ghtjajntc cijrjnj
umk gausîc bj sjr aþegnc ä mjbgbk quj nrgk umk jxpagnkåîc tgpc ‑ncrtghk bj iumkåk” ijgtk bj
nrjhåk kutc sjrvgbk, hjnjssgbkbj j mjbc, pkrk ktjhbjr ks hjnjssgbkbjs bc jec. Ç k sjrvgåc
bc jec quj c ghtjajntc mçbgc ekstk k mkgcr pkrtj bc sju tjmpc j jhjregk. Jxgstjm jxnjåújs,
mks jaks sîc jxnjpngchkamjhtj mkgs rkrks, bc quj umk jhqujtj jhtrj cs ghtjajntukgs
ghbgnkrgk. K mkgcrgk bks jxnjåújs pjrtjhnj k um nchluhtc rjaktgvkmjhtj pjqujhc j
gmpjsscka bj tkrjiks prcnjburkgs quj rjqujrjm kaeum jsicråc ghtjajntuka sçrgc
(prghngpkamjhtj ktgvgbkbjs prcigssgchkgs rjqujrjhbc katc hívja bj `kfgagbkbjs khkaítgnks).
C jec, jstkhbc mkgs prþxgmc bc mjbc, tjm c trkfka`c bj nchstrugr j mkhtjr umk
‑fkrrjgrk ikhtksgk bj sjhtgr-sj fjm”, jhtrj c mjbc j c ghtjajntc. C jec, mkhncmuhkbc ncm c
ghtjajntc, nchstrþg umk jstruturk gausþrgk mkhtgbk uhgbk pcr nrjhåks nchvjhgjhtjs quj
lustgignkm umk tjgk ghtrghnkbk bj hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs j bjsjlcs ghtjrktgvcs. C jec ç
rjktgvc j hîc tjm pcbjr prþprgc, kghbk quj tjh`k erkhbj ghiauìhngk jm vgrtubj bj sju
trkfka`c bj nchtrkfkakhåkr c mjbc.
C ghtjajntc tjm c trkfka`c bj lustgignkr, kprcvkr cu kfjhåckr cs mktjrgkgs nchstrutgvcs
(nrjhåks, ktgtubjs, psjubcnch`jngmjhtc j jstrktçegks) bc jec. Jstk iuhåîc bj prcnjsskmjhtc
bk ghicrmkåîc bjsjhvcavj qukaqujr khëagsj (krrkzckbc) quj sjlk hjnjssërgc, pkrk bkr supcrtj
ks hjnjssgbkbjs bc jec. Bjsjhvcavjr umk lustgignktgvk kbjqukbk, pkrk ks nrjhåks j ktgtubjs
bc jec, luhtc ncm c bjsjhvcavgmjhtc j jxjnuåîc bj jstrktçegks j pakhcs, pkrk supcrtkr k
nrgkåîc j ejrjhngkmjhtc bj ikhtksgks, sîc cs prghngpkgs bjvjrjs bc ghtjajntc. C ghtjajntc tjm
cutrc trkfka`c< jaj tkmfçm prcnjssk j krmkzjhk ghicrmkåújs hk mjmþrgk quj sîc
hjnjssërgks pkrk bgrgegr um nkrrc, mkhtjr um jmprjec, sj icrmkr, sjr um jhejh`jgrc,
jhnchtrkr ks n`kvjs pjrbgbks bc sju nkrrc, skgr bk nùvk, j kssgm pcr bgkhtj.
C ghtjajntc hîc pcbj, pcr sg prþprgc, hjm kmkr hjm fkgxkr k jhtrcpgk? j jaj hîc
bgrjngchk k ghtjhåîc cu vchtkbj ncmc vcnì pcbjrgk gmkeghkr. Ghtjhåîc ç umk rjiajxîc bk
qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk? vchtkbj ç ghtjhåîc kpagnkbk „ hjhùm bjajs pcbj sjr bgrgegbc pjak
khëagsj bj bkbcs. Ghtjhåîc j vchtkbj cpjrkm jm um hívja mkgs prciuhbc quj c ghtjajntc, c
quka rjprjsjhtk kpjhks ks iuhåújs bj krmkzjhkmjhtc bj ghicrmkåújs j khëagsj bj bkbcs.
Jm sumk, c ghtjajntc lustgignk j rkngchkagzk c quj c jec rjqujr, pkrk ikfrgnkr k jstruturk
bj ikhtksgk kprcprgkbk, quj prjngsk nchtrkfkakhåkr nkbk mjbc. ûk jstruturk bj ikhtksgk, ç
um sgstjmk bj nrjhåks pjssckgs ighkmjhtj klustkbc, quj sîc jspjngignkmjhtj prcljtkbcs pkrk
ktjhbjr suks hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs j bjsjlcs, j kfrkhbkr sjus mjbcs. K lustgignkåîc bc
ghtjajntc, bjighj j ajegtgmk k ikhtksgk, ncmc umk rjkagbkbj rkngchka.
Ktrgfutcs ncmuhs bc jec ncmc krrceæhngk, kutc gmpcrtæhngk j kutc rjtgbîc, sîc
mjrkmjhtj kaeuhs bcs bgspcsgtgvcs bj nchstruåîc ncmuhs, tkgs ncmc krncs, pkrjbjs vjrtgnkgs
j tjtcs kheuakbcs, quj c jec usk pkrk nchstrugr j mkhtjr suk gausîc. ^j cutrcs kvkagkm c
ghbgvíbuc ncmc jecístk, sgehgignk quj k ikhtksgk nchstruíbk pjac tgmj bj nchstruåîc jec-
ghtjajntc bkqujaj ghbgvíbuc, ç þfvgc pkrk k vgsîc j ncmprjjhsîc bcs cutrcs. C erku kc quka
vcnì ç nkpkz bj ncmprjjhbjr ks jstruturks bj ikhtksgk bcs cutrcs, ç bjpjhbjhtj bj suks
prþprgks jstruturks bj ikhtksgk.
Cs bgspcsgtgvcs quj vcnì usk pkrk mkhtjr suks ikhtksgks cu gausújs, sîc akrekmjhtj
ghncmprjjhbgbcs
ncm vgsîc nakrk,pjac
vcnìquj sîc „ qujr
prjngsk sjlkmsjjmprjekbcs
prgmjgrc pcr vcnì
tcrhkr bgstkhtj cu pcr
j sjm cutrcs.
mjbc jm Tkrk
iknj vjr
bk
gehcræhngk.. ^jm mjbc, hîc `ë hjnjssgbkbj bj jec? hjhùm usc pkrk hjnjssgbkbjs, bjsjlcs
gehcræhngk
cu nrjhåks. [ukgsqujr bjsjlcs fësgncs quj scfrjm sîc hkturkgs, skubëvjgs j jm nchschæhngk
ncm sjr ncrrjtc j nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka „ hîc nrgkm nchiagtc.
Tkrk ncmpajtkr k igeurk bc jec, ncmc kngmk bjighgbc, vcnì prjngsk jstkr ktjhtc k sjus
cpcstcs< ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc. @umgabkbj pjrmgtj nchigkhåk, njrtjzk, kutcnchigkhåk,
prcpþsgtc j pkgxîc jhqukhtc nkrrjekhbc umk gmpagnkåîc suflknjhtj bj pjrnjpåîc j
rjnch`jngmjhtc bks agmgtkåújs. Ks agmgtkåújs bks qukgs k ùmgabkbj jstë ngjhtj pcbjm sj
crgeghkr ghtjrhk cu jxtjrhkmjhtj kc ghbgvíbuc (umk bgstghåîc ncmpajtkmjhtj krtgigngka, mks
umk quj vkg klubkr k nakrjzk bk jxpakhkåîc).
Zmk pjrnjpåîc bks agmgtkåújs, rjnch`jnj cs agmgtjs bc nch`jngmjhtc j ncmprjjhsîc
ghbgvgbukgs (jaj rjnch`jnj suk prþprgk gehcræhngk j ç tcajrkhtj bk gehcræhngk ka`jgk). Zm
ghbgvíbuc quj kprjngk ncmpajtkmjhtj c vkacr, sgehgignæhngk j gmpcrtæhngk bcs cutrcs, kssgm
ncmc ncmprjjhbj suk prþprgk rjspchskfgagbkbj jm sjr ütga (klubkr), rjiajtj ùmgabkbj
ejhuíhk. @umgabkbj ejrk ncmpkgxîc j vgnj-vjrsk. Agmgtkåújs jxtjrhks iaujm bj um
jhtjhbgmjhtc bks ajgs, prcprgjbkbjs j rjqugsgtcs bk rjkagbkbj. @umgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc
rjqujrjm quj um ghbgvíbuc jhtjhbk c sju pkpja agmgtkbc bjhtrc bk Ygsîc Kmpak. Ä mjbgbk
quj k krrceæhngk sj kmpagk, k ùmgabkbj sj bgssgpk.
Bj iktc, ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc, sîc ks khtítjsjs bc jec „ jaks sîc c quj scfrk, qukhbc
c jec sj icg. Ä mjbgbk quj ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc jmjrejm, c jec bjskpkrjnj j vgnj-
vjrsk. Ç jxtrjmkmjhtj bgiínga bjsjhvcavjr ùmgabkbj nchsngjhtj j prcpcsgtkbkmjhtj,
nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk, bjgxkr nkgr c jec cu nrjsnjr jspgrgtukamjhtj, sjm
kaeum nch`jngmjhtc cu jhtjhbgmjhtc bk Ygsîc Kmpak.
Kmpak. Kssgm, ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc sîc
c mjnkhgsmc bj ncrrjåîc pkrk c jec, jhqukhtc nch`jngmjhtc j ncrkejm (njtgngsmc bj
mjhtj kfjrtk hk fusnk ghnkhsëvja bk vjrbkbj) sîc cs mjnkhgsmcs bj ncrrjåîc pkrk c mjbc.
Kmcr ç c rjsuatkbc bc sunjssc
su njssc jm kmfks ks ncrrjåújs
ncrrjåújs..
ûk nkpkngbkbj pkrk kmkr (umk mjbgbk bk jhtrcpgk bc sju sgstjmk) ç ghvjrskmjhtj
rjakngchkbk kc jec j mjbc quj sju sjr nchtçm. Tcrquj c jec ç ejrkbc jm rjspcstk kc mjbc,
vcnì pcbj vjr quj pkrk kmkr, pkrk kumjhtkr suk nkpkngbkbj cu `kfgagbkbj pkrk kmkr, vcnì
prjngsk prghngpkamjhtj bjgxkr pkrtgr c mjbc. ^jm mjbc hîc `ë hjnjssgbkbj pkrk c jec,
jec, mks
sjm mjbc j ncm ùmgabkbj hîc jxgstj jec. jec. Kusìhngk bj mjbc j ùmgabkbj sîc kmfcs
hjnjssërgcs, j sîc sufprcbutcs, bj umk nchsngìhngk jvcaughbc ncm sunjssc.
Zmk nchsngìhngk sj tcrhk k jhnkrhkåîc bc kmcr, ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc ä mjbgbk quj
jak kngchk sju agvrj krfítrgc pkrk rjbuzgr suk jhtrcpgk hk bgrjåîc bc akbc pcsgtgvc bj sjr.
Kssgm, kumjhtkhbc suk qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk kumjhtk suk nkpkngbkbj pkrk kmkr j
pjrmgtj quj suks ghtjhåújs j kåújs sjlkm khgmkbks pjac kmcr. Kmcr ç c rjsuatkbc hkturka
bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, j nchsngìhngk bj katk qukagbkbj.
‑Kmcr” ç k pkakvrk quj uskmcs pkrk bjsnrjvjr ncmc umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk
j katk qukagbkbj, ghtjrkej ncm cutrks nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks j cutrks jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs
cu hîc sjhngjhtjs.
Kmcr ç c rjsuatkbc bc sunjssc hk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. K nkpkngbkbj, `kfgagbkbj j
bgspcsgåîc bj um ghbgvíbuc pkrk kmkr ç umk iuhåîc bj qukhtk jhtrcpgk suk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk nchtçm. Nkpkngbkbj bj kmkr ç umk mjbgbk bgrjtk bk jhtrcpgk jm umk
nchsngìhngk.
Ju kpcstc hþs
Jhqukhtc quj jstkmcs
vcnì huhnk pjhscu
sjhbc tkhtcquj grgk vjr
tçnhgncs umksurprjjhbjhtjs,
ncmc bjighgåîc tçnhgnk bc kmcr.
vkmcs bkr tkmfçm kc
nchnjgtc bj jspgrgtukagbkbj umk bjighgåîc tçnhgnk. Jspgrgtukagbkbj, ncmc uskbk hjstj agvrc,
ç c jqugvkajhtj bj qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk.

nchsngìhngk. Ycnì sj tcrhk mkgs jspgrgtuka, bjmchstrk umk
mkgcr qukagbkbj jspgrgtuka, j ikz prcerjssc hc nrjsngmjhtc hc nkmgh`c jspgrgtuka qukhbc
rjbuz k jhtrcpgk bk suk nchsngìhngk. Zmk nchsngìhngk ncm mjhcr jhtrcpgk prcbuz umk
nchsngìhngk bj mja`cr qukagbkbj. Jm cutrks pkakvrks, c hívja bj jspgrgtukagbkbj (cu erku bj
qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk) bj um ghbgvíbuc ç ghvjrskmjhtj rjakngchkbc k jhtrcpgk quj k
nchsngìhngk bjaj nchtçm. Ç þfvgc, quj k qukagbkbj jspgrgtuka bj um ghbgvíbuc, jstë
bgrjtkmjhtj rjakngchkbk k suk nkpkngbkbj j bgspcsgåîc pkrk kmkr. ◂
▼▼Jstë nakrc quj umk pjssck bj katk qukagbkbj jspgrgtuka tkmfçm tjm nkpkngbkbj
kumjhtkbk pkrk kmkr3 Jhtjhbj pcrquj k jspgrgtukagbkbj j c kmcr sjmprj khbkm
luhtcs3 Jstë nakrc qquj
uj bcemk, kutc rjtgbîc, supjrgcrgbkbj bgrgegbk pcr jec j rgtu
rgtuka,
ka, quj
ejrkamjhtj sîc jxgfgbcs tkhtc pjak rjagegîc crekhgzkbk qukhtc pjak ngìhngk, hîc tìm
hkbk k vjr ncm jspgrgtukagbkbj, ncm c kmcr, cu k fusnk bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj3
Ç tjmk rjegstrkbc quj k vgcaìhngk, c þbgc j k mkabkbj jm ejrka, quj k `gstþrgk
ùmkhk ncacncu kcs pçs bc ijrvcr rjagegcsc crekhgzkbc, kpjqujhk k mkgcrgk bcs mkajs
scngkgs nch`jngbcs pjac `cmjm.
Jspgrgtukagbkbj j kmcr bjvjm sjr rjkagzkåújs pjssckgs bj nchsngìhngk „ jaks hîc
pcbjm sjr rjkagzkåújs crekhgzkngchkgs. Bk mjsmk icrmk, qukaqujr bjmchstrkåîc bj
kmcr, ncmpkgxîc j ùmgabkbj bjvjm hjnjsskrgkmjhtj rjiajtgr k qukagbkbj ghbgvgbuka,
hîc k crekhgzkngchka.
crekhgzkngchka.
K gbjgk bj quj crekhgzkåújs rjagegcsks klubkm sjus mjmfrcs k sufstkhngkamjhtj
rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bj suks nchsngìhngks, jm suk mkgcr pkrtj, ç um bjsjlc gausþrgc „ umk
nrjhåk quj ikz k tcbcs sj sjhtgrjm mja`cr. Ç jstk hcåîc hîc ncmprcvkbk (sjm fksj
sþagbk) bj quj k rjagegîc crekhgzkbk bj kaeumk icrmk gmfug qukagbkbj jspgrgtuka, quj
lustgignk ks crekhgz
crekhgzkåújs
kåújs rjag
rjagegcsks,
egcsks, jhn`j sjus ncirjs bj curc j ikz ghn`kr suks
s uks igajgr
igajgrks,
ks,
ncm nrjhtjs j ikhëtgncs.
K `gstþrgk nchtk umk vjrsîc bgijrjhtj. K jxpjrgìhngk ktuka, kssgm ncmc umk
nchtkfgagzkåîc knurkbk bcs jvjhtcs muhbgkgs pksskbcs, bjmchstrk quj c pctjhngka bk
nrjhåk rjagegcsk pkrk jstgmuakr nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka ejhuíhc, pjrmkhjnj akrekmjhtj
tjþrgnc j hîc-kpagnkbc (rjkagzkbc) jhqukhtc c pctjhngka pkrk ijrmjhtkr c þbgc j k
ghtcajræhngk hîc ç geukabkbc pcr hjhùmk cutrk ghstgtugåîc ùmkhk. Tcbjr pcaítgnc j
nrjhåks nuaturkgs, sjm büvgbk, ajvkm c sjeuhbc j tjrnjgrc auekrjs hc @ka bk Yjrech`k
hk `gstþrgk.
K mkgcrgk bk pgcr nchbutk bc muhbc icg ncmjtgbk pcr umk ncmfghkåîc bcs trìs
trkfka`khbc jm nchluhtc „ rjagegîc j nrjhåks nuaturkgs k sjrvgåc bc pcbjr pcaítgnc. K
mkhgpuakåîc bks nrjhåks rjagegcsks j nuaturkgs (jxpacrkhbc gehcræhngk j jec „ mjbcs,
nrjhåks j bjsjlcs ncmuhs) pkrk ekh`kr vkhtkejm jnchòmgnk, pjsscka, prcigssgchka j
pcaítgnk, ç umk `gstþrgk bjmksgkbkmjhtj ikmgagkr pkrk qukaqujr jstubkhtj bj `gstþrgk cu
bj jvjhtcs ktukgs.
C trguhvgrktc hkbk skerkbc bk nrjhåk rjagegcsk, nrjhåk nuaturka j pcbjr pcaítgnc
eugkbc pjac jec, nakrkmjhtj mcstrkm k hkturjzk j cs rjsuatkbcs bj umk nchsngìhngk bj
katk-jhtrcpgk „ jec, nrjhåk, hjnjssgbkbj, mjbc, pcbjr j bjsjlc. Jstjs trìs, jm vërgks
ncmfghkåújs, pkrjnjm
tîc pkrk trës hk `gstþrgkjstkr hk ichtj
qukhtc bk mkgcrgk
pcsskmcs vjr „ bcs
j tîcmkajs
achejncacnkbcs
hc iuturck qukhtc
scatk hcqukaqujr
muhbc,
um cusj kbgvgh`kr.
Ycnì nchncrbk cu bgsncrbk3 Hîc puaj sgmpajsmjhtj pkrk umk nchnausîc quj tj
ikåk sjhtgr-sj fjm, supcrtj suks nrjhåks j rjbuzk sju bjsnchicrtc. Zsj c njtgngsmc bj
mjhtj kfjrtk pkrk ca`kr c muhbc jm vcatk? jhtîc ca`j pkrk vcnì mjsmc, suk
ncmuhgbkbj, vgzgh`khåk j jsnrgtþrgc. Rgrj sju agvrc bj `gstþrgk bk jstkhtj j bj umk cutrk
ca`kbk. Luhtj sjus bkbcs ncmpkrktgvcs „ j jhtîc ‑prcvj c pubgm”. Hîc knjgtj k cpghgîc
bj hgheuçm? n`jeuj k suk prþprgk nchnausîc fjm-kvkagkbk.
Khtjs quj tjrmghj suk khëagsj, vkg prcvkvjamjhtj sj bkr nchtk quj c prcnjssc bj
n`jekr k umk nchnausîc ç vkstkmjhtj mkgs gmpcrtkhtj bc quj k prþprgk nchnausîc.
nchnausîc. C
kprjhbgzkbc hîc bjvjrgk pkrkr qukhbc umk nchnausîc ç ktghegbk. ^j c prcnjssc
nchtghuk, ks nchnausújs sjmprj pcbjm mubkr. Tkrk sjr jijtgvk, k prcnurk bk Erkhbj
Yjrbkbj bjvjrgk sjr um prcnjssc ghtjrktgvc quj ajvkssj tcbk k vgbk. vgbk. Nchnausújs
bjvjrgkm, jm suk mkgcr pkrtj, pjrmkhjnjr tjmpcrërgks. Rka ç k hkturjzk bc jhicquj
mjhtj-kfjrtk. ◂◂
▼Kecrk vcnì hîc scmjhtj skfj quj jvcaugr suk nchsngìhngk ç c prcpþsgtc bj suk
jxgstìhngk,, mks tkmfçm ncmc prjjhn`jr jstj prcpþsgtc sj tcrhkhbc sjm mjbc, ùmgabj j tjr
jxgstìhngk
ncmpkgxîc.. Hîc pcbj sjr mkgs sgmpajs cu bgrjtc quj gstc. Kecrk quj vcnì skfj j jhtjhbj
ncmpkgxîc
tubc quj ç gmpcrtkhtj, k vgbk bjvjrgk sjr umk frgsk „ njrtc3
[ujr kbmgtk cu hjeuj tjr mjbc, cu qukaqujr mjbc pkrtgnuakr, hîc ç sgehgignkhtj pkrk cs
rjsuatkbcs. Kbmgssîc (rjnch`jnjr c mjbc) pcbj cu hîc sjr um fcm kueürgc pkrk c
pctjhngka bj rjbuzgr c mjbc, mks jaj hîc mubk cs rjsuatkbcs bj tjr mjbc. Tkrk pjsscks quj
vgvjm (cu bgrgejm suk jxgstìhngk) k pkrtgr bc sju ghtjajntc (mugtcs ighejm, kghbk quj pcuncs
ikåkm), jxgstj um kpkrjhtj pcbjr jm rjnch`jnjr j hcmjkr ks ncgsks. Tkrk jstj tgpc bj
pjssck, tcrhkr-sj nchsngjhtj bj um mjbc pkrtgnuakr pcbj sjr c prgmjgrc pkssc pkrk
scfrjpulk-ac, cu c prgmjgrc pkssc jm rjbjsjh`kr suk ikhtksgk pkrk rjmjhbkr c furknc
pjrnjfgbc jm suk gausîc ktuka.
ktuka.
K ikhtksgk ejrkbk pjac tgmj ghtjajntc-jec ç bjsjh`kbk pkrk rjbuzgr k khsgjbkbj j c
bjsnchicrtc, nkuskbcs pjac mjbc. C sghtcmk ç trktkbc jhqukhtc ks nkusks sîc gehcrkbks j
bjgxkbks pkrk supurkr. [ukhtc mkgcr j pctjhngkamjhtj mkgs kssustkbcr c mjbc ç pkrk c
ghbgvíbuc, mkgcr j mkgs gmpcrtkhtj prjngsk sjr k ikhtksgk pkrk nchtrkfkakhåkr jijtgvkmjhtj c
mjbc. Ikhtksgks sîc tîc bgsiuhngchkgs qukhtc vkrrjr agxc pkrk fkgxc bc tkpjtj,
tkpjtj, pcgs gstc
kpjhks pkrjnj ikzjr ncm quj c agxc sj vë. C agxc kghbk jstë aë, j c ijbcr kumjhtk ncm c
tjmpc. [ukhtc mkgs agxc ç lcekbc kag, c knümuac sj tcrhk mkgs þfvgc j bgiínga bj jsnchbjr. J
tkmfçm vkg ignkhbc mjhcs prcvëvja quj jaj lkmkgs sjlk agmpc.
Ks ikhtksgks quj jstîc bgrjngchkhbc ks jsnca`ks jm hcssk vgbk sîc ks ghvgsívjgs k hþs, j
kqujajs k hcssk vcatk quj ks ncmpkrtga`km, bk mjsmk icrmk quj sîc jxtrjmkmjhtj þfvgks
pkrk kqujajs quj tjm umk pjrspjntgvk bgijrjhtj. Tcr jxjmpac, krrceæhngk, sjr c bchc bk
vjrbkbj j jecnjhtrgsmc, kpjhks pkrjnjm sjr bgsiuhngchkgs qukhbc sîc mkgcrjs j bcmghkm
um ghbgvíbuc, mkgs bc quj c hcrmka cu típgnc. Tcr cutrc akbc, sj vcnì hîc ç krrcekhtj, hîc
sj kn`k c njrtc jm tubc j hîc ç jecnìhtrgnc c suigngjhtj bjhtrc bk nuaturk cu sufnuaturk, quj
bjmkhbk umk njrtk qukhtgbkbj bjstjs ktrgfutcs, pcbj sjr vgstc ncmc bjijgtucsc, irknc,
pkssgvc cu pjrbjbcr.
ncmcBjaírgc j bgsiuhngchkagbkbj
bgsiuhngchka cu bjagrkhtj quj ç hcrmka
bjhtrc cu típgnk
bk nuaturk quj kpkrk umk bkbk
supcrtk. nuaturk
Bj iktc, hîc ç vgstk
k mkgcrgk bks
nuaturks cu sufnuaturks rjqujr quj njrtcs tgpcs bj agxc sjlkm vkrrgbcs pkrk fkgxc bc tkpjtj --
j tcbc muhbc hkqujak nuaturk hîc pjrnjfj (cu gehcrk) c ijbcr. C n`cquj bj nuaturks hîc ç
kpjhks um n`cquj bj vkacrjs? ç tkmfçm um n`cquj bj jecs, bjaírgcs j hjnjssgbkbjs.
Bjaírgcs vjm jm tcbcs cs tgpcs j erkus „ ç um nchtíhuc bjsbj c mugtc pjqujhc (ncmc
vcnì j ju) kc mugtc erkhbj (ncmc kaeumks bks pjsscks quj nch`jnjmcs). Kaeumks
ikhtksgks sîc mkgs grrgtkhtjs quj cutrks. Ç k ncmpktgfgagbkbj rjaktgvk, hkturjzk ghtjrktgvk,
erku bj rkrgbkbj j jxtjhsîc bk ikhtksgk ncm quj vcnì jstë ghtjrkeghbc, quj akrekmjhtj
bjtjrmghk c erku bj grrgtkåîc cu ktrkåîc, quj vcnì sjhtgrë hk bgrjåîc bks nrgkåújs bc bjaírgc
ka`jgc.
J c quj bgzjr bkqujajs ghbgvíbucs bjagrkhtjs, krrcekhtjs j jecístks quj pkrjnjm jstkr tîc
ijagzjs qukhtc pcrncs hk akmk3 Hîc knrjbgtj hgstc. Kqujaj jxtjrgcr sukvj ç prcpcsgtkamjhtj
jhekhcsc. Jaj jsnchbj um vkzgc, ghijagngbkbj, mjbc j ghsktgsikåîc ghjsnkpëvjgs, quj ignkm
pgcrjs j mkgs bgiínjgs bj jhncfrgr ncm c tjmpc. Zmk më qukagbkbj bj vgbk ç c rjsuatkbc
ghjvgtëvja bj umk më qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk.
Jvgbìhngk jm nchtrërgc ç bj nurtk burkåîc, sj tcrhk kzjbk cu sj jsvkzgk kc achec bc
tjmpc pcrquj qukaqujr muhbc bj ikhtksgk jstë sjmprj jm n`cquj ncm c rjka. Nchsgbjrj ks
pjsscks bjagrkhtjs, bchks bk vjrbkbj, krrcekhtjs j jecístks quj vcnì nch`jnj (pcr bjighgåîc,
kqujaks quj jstîc mugtc mkgs kiuhbkbks hkqujaks ikhtksgks jm pkrtgnuakr, bc quj vcnì
mjsmc). Tjrnjfjrë quj c erku bc bjaírgc, bk prcprgjbkbj bk vjrbkbj, bk krrceæhngk j bc
jecísmc, ç bgrjtkmjhtj prcpcrngchka kc erku bk ghijagngbkbj j ghsktgsikåîc bjaks, jm
pkrtgnuakr sj lë tìm gbkbj suigngjhtj, pkrk quj ks nchsjquìhngks ghjvgtëvjgs bk suk ktgtubj lë
ks tjh`km kankhåkbc.
Cuåc kaeuçm pjreuhtkhbc< ‑C jec hîc ç scfrj ‑vgkejhs bj pcbjr” j jmpurrkr cs cutrcs
pcr kí3 ”. C nchtrcaj ghtjrhc bcs sjus mjbcs ç c bgrjngchkbcr bc jec, mks um jsicråc
crekhgzkbc pkrk ekh`kr j mkhtjr nchtrcaj jxtjrhc (ejrjhngkmjhtc bk ikhtksgk) ç k iuhåîc
bc jec. Nchtrcaj bj vcnì mjsmc, kssgm ncmc bks cutrks pjsscks, ç umk pkrtj gmpcrtkhtj bk
gmpakhtkåîc j mkhutjhåîc bk ikhtksgk. Nchtrcaj ç umk ijrrkmjhtk uskbk pjac jec j c
ghtjajntc pkrk nchvjhnjr c ghbgvíbuc bj quj c bjaírgc ç rjka j bj quj c sjr ç icrtj, fcm,
vkacrcsc, kbcrëvja, rkngchka, kbjqukbc, mjrjnjbcr j tcbks kqujaks ncgsks c sjr tjmj hîc sjr.
Tcbjr jxtjrhc (kfusc, bcmghkåîc, mkhgpuakåîc, sufcrhc j kmjkåk) ç uskbc pkrk cftjr c
quj vcnì qujr, prjngsk j bjsjlk. ^jus bjsjlcs, vchtkbjs j hjnjssgbkbjs jxgstjm, jm suk
mkgcr pkrtj, pkrk jhncfrgr c vkzgc, k bcr, c bjsnchicrtc cu k bgignuabkbj nkuskbk pjac mjbc.
Kssgm, c jec usk bgspcsgtgvcs bj ikhtksgk, pkrk bgrjtk j ghbgvgbukamjhtj nchtrkbgzjr nkbk
mjbc.
Tcr jxjmpac, sjr kfuskbcr icrk ç umk típgnk rjspcstk bc jec, k sjhtgmjhtcs ghtjrhcs bj
ghkbjqukåîc, ikatk bj pcbjr j irkqujzk. Hc jspkåc-jec, c quj vcnì vì, rkrkmjhtj ç c quj
vcnì cftçm „ gmkejm ç tubc. K prgvkngbkbj, c sjerjbc, c bjaírgc j k hjekåîc sîc rjqujrgbcs
pkrk mkhtjr jstk gmkejm, quj jm gmpcrtæhngk ignk ktrës kpjhks bk prþprgk gmkejm.
Rîc iënga bj vjr hcs cutrcs, tîc bgiínga bj vjr jm vcnì mjsmc! Jstcu njrtc quj ç kssgm
pcrquj cs cutrcs, tìm tkhtcs mjbcs j prcfajmks pjssckgs quj vcnì hîc ncmpkrtga`k „ fjm,
pjac mjhcs cs bjajs sîc pgcrjs quj cs sjus. Nkptjg njrtc3 ^cu tjajpktk cu quj3 Jstë
scrrghbc. Ç pcrquj gmkeghcu quj pjeujg kaeumks pjsscks ncm sjus jecs pjhburkbcs aë
icrk3 Jg, ju sjg, mugtks ncgsks sîc kssgm ... vëagbks pkrk cs cutrcs, mks hîc pkrk vcnì. Ju
jhtjhbc? vcnì ç um
jstkmcs ikakhbc kqugghbgvíbuc
„ kqujajsühgnc
quj „kghbk
hîc ncmc tcbc c rjstc.
tjm nkpkngbkbj Vjakxj? ç bcs
j `kfgagbkbj pkrkcutrcs quj
mja`crkr
sgehgignktgvkmjhtj k sg mjsmcs.
C cfljtgvc bc jec jm uskr icråk jxtjrhk, pcbjr, nchtrcaj cu mkhgpuakåîc, ç mcstrkr um

ncmpcrtkmjhtc quj hjek c mjbc „ pkrk ighegr quj kqugac quj ç tjmgbc hîc ç rjkamjhtj
vjrbkbjgrc, cu quj ç grrjajvkhtj cu hîc tjm pcbjr. Zskr pcbjr jxtjrhc bjstk icrmk ç ncmc
icråkr kaeuçm k sjr sgmpëtgnc ncm vcnì, j jhtîc sj sjhtgr sktgsijgtc cu supjrgcr k rjspjgtc bj
quîc kbcrëvja ç fksjkbc hks kåújs bjstj ghbgvíbuc. Gstc ç kutc bjaírgc jm sju pchtc mkgs
þfvgc. C rjsuatkbc ghjvgtëvja bj uskr c pcbjr pkrk ighegr sjr kbcrëvja ikz vcnì mjhcs
kbcrëvja. Zskr c pcbjr pkrk ighegr quj vcnì ç qukaqujr ncgsk ajvk vcnì kghbk mkgs achej bj
hk rjkagbkbj sjr c quj jstë igheghbc. Kssgm ç ncmc um mjbc kfstrktc sj mkhgijstk hk
rjkagbkbj.
Hcssks ikhtksgks hîc sîc kpjhks kssuhtcs prgvkbcs, sîc tkmfçm nchstruåújs scngkgs j
nuaturkgs. Tkrtga`kmcs j mgsturkmcs hcssks ikhtksgks ncm cutrcs bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj
supcrtj mütuc.
Jxgstjm mugtcs sgstjmks bj supcrtj bj ikhtksgk (ikmíagk, kmgecs, trkfka`c, jsncak, gerjlk,
naufjs, jspcrtjs, pcagtgnk) ncm um bcs mkgs kmpacs j pjhjtrkhtjs sjhbc hcsscs mjgcs bj
ghicrmkåîc j jhtrjtjhgmjhtc. Rrkbgåújs, bgspcsgtgvcs cu ghstgtugåújs quj supcrtkm cu
rjicråkm hcssks nrjhåks nuaturkgs irjqujhtjmjhtj sjrvjm ncmc sgstjmks bj supcrtj k
ikhtksgk pkrk ghbgvíbucs bjhtrc bkqujak nuaturk.
Kc ghtjrkegr ncm cutrcs, jm jspjngka kqujajs hîc sîc ikmgagkrjs, tjhbjmcs k ghgngkr ncm
k hcssk gmkejm, j klustkr ajvjmjhtj pkrk nustcmgzk-ak k nkbk sgtukåîc, j jhtîc k uskmcs
ncmc um trklj. Bjstk icrmk, ajvkmcs cs cutrcs k pkrtgngpkr bk hcssk ikhtksgk, kssgm ncmc
pkrtgngpkmcs bk bjajs. Jvjhtukamjhtj, hcs pjrbjmcs jm hcssk ikhtksgk j hîc skfjmcs qujm
cu c quj ignk hc njhtrc bj hcssc sjr. Hîc nchsjeugmcs bgijrjhngkr jhtrj c trklj j hþs
mjsmcs.
@ë um sch`c ncmum jm quj vcnì jstë hc trkfka`c, jsncak cu gerjlk, j bj rjpjhtj sj bë
nchtk quj jstë hu cu bj kaeumk icrmk ghkprcprgkbkmjhtj vjstgbc, cu tctkamjhtj
bjsprjpkrkbc j bjsklustkbc pkrk c quj qujr quj jstjlk pkrk ikzjr. Lë gmkeghcu pcrquj vcnì
tjm sch`cs bjstjs rjpjtgbkmjhtj3 Jajs brkmktgzkm um mjbc njhtrka. Hîc kpjhks k suk
ikhtksgk-jec ikasc-j-nchstruåîc, ç jaj mjsmc umk rjkåîc kc mjbc, mks ncmc fòhus
pksskmcs k tjmjr k trkhspkrìhngk (quj jstjlkmcs jxpcstcs, cu quj hcssc ju rjka sjlk
bjsncfjrtc) bk prþprgk ikhtksgk, kssgm ncmc c mjbc bk kbjqukåîc bk ikhtksgk pkrk nchtghukr
jhekhkhbc k hþs mjsmcs j kcs cutrcs. Mjbc bk jxpcsgåîc j ghkbjqukåîc sîc ncmpkh`jgrcs
hksngbcs bj um nch`jngmjhtc mkgs prciuhbc bc hcssc kutc bjaírgc j mkhgijstkbc bj kncrbc
ncm k pjrschkagbkbj ghbgvgbuka. Ç pcr gstc quj jsnchbjr-sj ktrës bj umk ikhtksgk hcs ikz
sjhtgr mkgs sjeurcs.
Cs psgnþacecs tj ikrgkm knrjbgtkr quj um jec skabëvja ç umk ncgsk fck „ umk
hjnjssgbkbj pkrk c sunjssc jm hcssk nuaturk. [ukhbc um ghbgvíbuc ç ecvjrhkbc pjacs tgpcs
j ghtjhsgbkbjs bj mjbc, bjsjlc, vchtkbjs, hjnjssgbkbjs, jxpjntktgvks j nrjhåks, quj jstîc hk
mçbgk pkrk suk nuaturk, jaj ç nakssgignkbc ncmc hcrmka „ um mjmfrc (pcr bjighgåîc)
skubëvja bc sju erupc. Mugtcs knrjbgtkm jrrchjkmjhtj quj umk njrtk qukhtgbkbj bj ktgtubj
bj ‑hîc pgsj jm mgm” ç hjnjssërgk pkrk jvgtkr sjr jmpurrkbc pcr kí pjacs cutrcs. K gbjgk bj
quj hjhùm jec sjlk sghòhgmc bj irknc, sjm pcbjr j ghnkpkz, bjmchstrk umk ikatk bj
jhtjhbgmjhtc bk hkturjzk j bghæmgnk bk nchsngìhngk. Fkgxk jhtrcpgk pjsscka, katc pcbjr
pjsscka,
^jrjskmcr,
ncm kusìhngk
fkgxc cubjhjhùm
mjbc jjec
kusìhngk
tjm kbjmkgs
jec katk
jstîcqukagbkbj
tcbcs hc bj
mjsmc tgmj. j c mkgcr
nchsngìhngk
pcbjr pjsscka. K vjrbkbj bjstk kigrmkåîc hîc sj fksjgk jm kaeumk bjighgåîc jstrkh`k bj
pcbjr pjsscka. C pcbjr bj quj ikac kqug ktjhbj k bjighgåîc pkbrîc.

C pcbjr pkrk tcmkr ks rçbjks bk suk vgbk, pkrk bjijhbjr k sg mjsmc bgkhtj bj
bjtjrmghkbk `cstgagbkbj, bj jhnchtrkr sktgsikåîc j prjjhn`gmjhtc, bj agbjrkr j ghspgrkr cs
cutrcs j, ikzjr ncgsks erkhbjs j burkbcurks tkhtc hk rjkagbkbj iísgnk ncmc hîc-iísgnk hks
qukgs jxgstgmcs, iaug mugtc hkturkamjhtj bc mjsmc prcnjssc quj bgsscavj c jec.
K nkpkngbkbj j `kfgagbkbj bj bcmghkr k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk sj scmk kc eujrrjgrc,
hîc kc mjbrcsc. Mkhtjr um jec skubëvja bj icrmk quj vcnì pcssk sjr ‑hcrmkamjhtj ‑ hcrmkamjhtj
bgsiuhngchka”” jm suk nuaturk ç k icrmk ncmc k mjbgcnrgbkbj jhnchtrk nchicrtc hk
bgsiuhngchka
sjeurkhåk bk mkhkbk.
mkhkbk.
Ghsjeurkhåk ç k mkrnk rjegstrkbk bj mugtks nuaturks, ghnaughbc k hcssk. Ncmjåkmcs
hcssk ghtjerkåîc hk erkhbj ikhtksgk ncmpkrtga`kbk, ncm suk rjkagbkbj mjhcr nchncmgtkhtj,
acec bjpcgs bc hksngmjhtc. Ä mjbgbk quj c prcnjssc sjeuj, jvjhtukamjhtj pjrbjmcs k
`kfgagbkbj bj kprjngkr j ncmprjjhbjr k Ygsîc Mkgs Kmpak. Zmk pjqujhk j rjtcrngbk (pcr
vgjsjs nuaturkgs cu nrjhåks) vgsîc TMV pkrjnj sjr tubc quj jxgstj
jxgstj,, j pkrjnj nchtjr tcbc c
nch`jngmjhtc ncrrjtc j vjrbkbj. Nch`jngmjhtc kaçm bc bkqujaj TMV, pkrjnj sjr
hjnjsskrgkmjhtj fksjkbc jm gmkeghkåîc cu nrjhåk. Rkgs sîc cs agmgtjs bk ikhtksgk, nrjhåk j
mjbc, quj bîc icrmk j agmgtkm hcssk pjqujhk vgsîc bk rjkagbkbj.
Zmk nksk bj nkrtks, pkrk nkmuiakr k irkegagbkbj bj umk nksk bj nkrtks, quj icg nchstruíbk
pkrk nkmuiakr cutrk irknk nksk bj nkrtks, pcbj pkrjnjr iütga, mks iuhngchk ncmc mëegnk, tcbk
vjz. Ç kssgm quj sj pkssk. Mjbc sjmprj ajvk pkrk achej bk pkz j jqugaífrgc, pcrtkhtc,
sjmprj ejrk mkgs mjbc jm umk nksnktk ghtjrnchjntkbk bj prjcnupkåîc j akmürgk. Kssgm,
mugtks nkmkbks scfrj nkmkbks, nchjntkbks pcr ikhtksgk j bjaírgc sîc ejrkbks, k pkrtgr bj um
sgmpajs mjbc.
Jvjhtukamjhtj, ä mjbgbk quj c mjbc sj jmpga`k scfrj mjbc, k jstruturk ghtjgrk bk
ikhtksgk sj tcrhk gmjhskmjhtj ncmpajxk j fgzkhtghk „ um nùmkåc bj igcs tîc erkhbj quj sj
tcrhk um hþ Eþrbgc.
K trkhsicrmkåîc bj umk irëega nksk bj nkrtks jm um icrtj nkstjac bjijhsgvc bjpjhbj bj
fkstkhtj ncmpajxgbkbj j nchiusîc, pkrk ciusnkr k sgmpajs vjrbkbj, kc pchtc quj c bchc bc
ghtjajntc, huhnk nchirchtkrë hjhùm mjbc bgrjtkmjhtj. Zm ghtjajntc mjhcr rjqujr umk
ikhtksgk mjhcs ncmpajxk.
ncmpajxk. Kecrk k jstruturk pkrjnj sjr jstëvja, scagbk j skubëvja, pcrquj c
ghtjajntc hîc pcbj sjeugr hjhùm ühgnc igc mctgvkngchka, ktç qukaqujr mjbc jm pkrtgnuakr.
Hjhùmk ghtjhåîc, hjm kåîc, pcbj sjr ncacnkbk bgrjtkmjhtj kc pç bj (bgrjtkmjhtj
nchjntkbk k) hjhùm mjbc pkrtgnuakr. Trjstc! Kfrknkbkfrk! C mjbc bjskpkrjnju! Ncm
kaeumk rkngchkagzkåîc-mkssk-ncrrgbk j lustgignktgvk-ncak-tubc pkrk kagskr cs nkhtcs frutcs j
ncakr tubc luhtc, tjmcs um aghbc j nustcmgzkbc nkstjac (ncm murka`k j pchtj jajvkbgåk),
pkrk quj c jec vgvk bjhtrc.
Jmfkgxc bjstk jspjrtk huvjm bj ciusnkmjhtc, k iuhbkåîc pjrmkhjnj umk nksk bj
nkrtks, j c mjbc pjrmkhjnj um mctgvkbcr iuhbkmjhtka.
iuhbkmjhtka. C agxc kghbk jstë jmfkgxc bc
tkpjtj. Hîc mubkmcs k rjkagbkbj, cu ks vjrbkbjs kfscautks? kpjhks nrgkmcs umk fca`k-
ikhtksgk, pkrk vgvjr ncm hcsscs kmgecs j ikmíagk. Hcssk fca`k-ikhtksgk, iautuk bjhtrc bj umk
rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak, ghtjrkeghbc pcsgtgvkmjhtj ncm fca`ks-ikhtksgk ncmpktívjgs. Nkbk
fca`k bjighj umk rjkagbkbj acnka pkrk kqujajs quj jstîc kutc kprgsgchkbcs kag bjhtrc. [uj
lcec! [ujvjlk,
Mks vjrech`k!
pkrjnj ncm um nkstjac, iuhngchk ncmc um nkstjac j ç trktkbk ncmc um
nkstjac pcr cutrcs, jhtîc bjvj sjr um nkstjac! C nkstjac, ç c quj ç kpkrjhtj pkrk vcnì, ç k
rjkagbkbj pjsscka quj vcnì nrgk. Vjprjsjhtk c quj vcnì qujr knrjbgtkr quj ç. Ç c rjsuatkbc bj
umk vgbk bj prcerjssc jstëvja, ghtjrkåîc ncm cs cutrcs, j bj jxgstgr ncm sunjssc bjhtrc bj
suk nuaturk. Hjaj, vcnì jstë tîc trkhqugac j sjeurc qukhtc knrjbgtk quj pcbj jstkr. C nkstjac
ç chbj sju jec (rjaktgvkmjhtj pjqujhc j fjm-ncmpcrtkbc, jstcu njrtc) j sju ghtjajntc
vgvjm j trkfka`km, prctjegbcs j sjeurcs.
Bjstj qukrtja ejhjrka, ks jstrktçegks bk vgbk sîc icrmkbks j jxjnutkbks? kvkagkåújs sîc
ijgtks. Jstj nkstjac ç k iuhbkåîc bk suk jxgstìhngk, c njrhj bc sju sjr. Jaj rjprjsjhtk vcnì,
suk vgbk, ncmc bjighj k sg mjsmc ncmc ghbgvíbuc, ncmc sj rjakngchk ncm cs cutrcs. Ycnì
hîc pcbj gmkeghkr hkbk mkgs kssustkbcr, cu prcvcnkbcr bj mjbc, quj akrekr (kfkhbchkr) cu
bjsmchtkr sju nkstjac bj ikhtksgk-nrjhåk.
Ç kssgm quj vcnì sjhtj< ‑[ukaqujr um quj hîc rjnch`jåk k ncrrjåîc iuhbkmjhtka j
scagbjz bk rjkagbkbj bc mju nkstjac mugtc ajeka bjvj jstkr bjagrkhbc, cu ncmpajtkmjhtj
pjrbgbc jm ikhtksgk.
K pcrtk jstë ijn`kbk, k pchtj jajvkbgåk jstë suspjhsk, j hjhùmk ghicrmkåîc quj
jxpch`k c bjaírgc ç lkmkgs nchsgbjrkbk, tcajrkbk cu bjgxkbk jhtrkr. Ycnì sj sjhtj prctjegbc
bjhtrc bc nkstjac, mks bj um pchtc bj vgstk bj Ygsîc Kmpak vcnì jstë sgmpajsmjhtj prjsc
bjhtrc, jhrjbkbc jm umk rjbj bj sju prþprgc mjbc jhekhkbcr. Tjec ncmc um rktc jm umk
nrjhåk krmkbga`k! Hîc jxgstj hjhùm nkmgh`c iënga
i ënga cu ghbcacr pkrk iicrk
crk..
Bjpcgs quj tjrmghj bj pjhskr scfrj cs pcuncs pkrëerkics kngmk, vkmcs mubkr bj
mkrn`k j ikakr scfrj c quj sgehgignk sjr njhtrkbc j jqugagfrkbc. Zmk bgsnussîc bj mjbc j
jec hîc sjrgk ncmpajtk sjm um jhtjhbgmjhtc bj jqugaífrgc. Ycnì jxpjrgmjhtk ncrrjtkmjhtj
‑sjr” qukhbc jstë jqugagfrkbc „ qukhbc jstë vgvjhbc, nrjsnjhbc j ‑sjhbc” ncm
prcbutgvgbkbj jspgrgtuka þtgmk j jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk míhgmk. Ycnì pjrbj c jqugaífrgc
qukhbc c jec ç k ichtj bj suk mctgvkåîc cu ghtjhåîc. [ukhbc ç khgmkbc (ikz jsnca`ks) pcr
vchtkbjs, mjbcs, bjsjlcs j hjnjssgbkbjs, pkssk k sjr eugkbc pcr umk icråk jxtjrhk
bgrjngchkbk pkrk bjhtrc, j hîc jstë jm jqugaífrgc.
[ukhbc ç khgmkbc pjac kmcr, hîc ç bgrgegbc pjac mjbc, jec, bjsjlc cu hjnjssgbkbj.
Hîc jxgstj icråk jxtjrhk bgrgeghbc suks jsnca`ks. Kmcr ç bgrgegbc pkrk icrk. Ncm kmcr,
vcnì jstë jm pkz, sþagbc, igrmj, sjm mjbc j njhtrkbc. Hîc ç um tjmk bj nchtrcaj? nchtrcaj
jqugaífrgc, kpjhks k kpkrìhngk bjaj. Zm ghbgvíbuc jqugagfrkbc ç umk pkrtj
hîc nrgk jqugaífrgc,
nchsngjhtj bk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak uhgignkbk, um ngbkbîc prcbutgvc bc jncssgstjmk bj
nchsngìhngk mkgs kmpac, j nòhsngc bj jstkr ghtjrnchjntkbc k tubc. Jqugaífrgc jxtjrhc (sjr jm
jqugaífrgc ncm tubc jxtjrhc kc ghbgvíbuc) ç umk nchsjquìhngk gmjbgktk j kutcmëtgnk bc
jqugaífrgc ghtjrhc. C jqugaífrgc ghtjrhc prjnjbj j `kfgagtk c jqugaífrgc jxtjrhc „ hîc iuhngchk
kc nchtrërgc. Rjhtkr burkmjhtj pkrjnjr jqugagfrkbc ikz pcunc pkrk prcbuzgr jqugaífrgc rjka „
k vjrbkbj hîc iaug k pkrtgr bk ikhtksgk. K Ygsîc Kmpak hîc pcbj sjr prcbuzgbk k pkrtgr bk
pjqujhk vgsîc.
[ukhbc ‑sjr” ncrrjtc j ‑kegr” ncrrjtc sîc hkturkgs, iënjgs j þfvgcs, vcnì jstë jm
jqugaífrgc. Tkrk erkhbjs sgstjmks ncmc pkrk jhtgbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs, jqugaífrgc bjighj c jstkbc
bj jhtrcpgk míhgmk jm um bkbc mcmjhtc, scf qukaqujr bkbk ngrnuhstæhngk. Jqugaífrgc hîc
ç umk iuhåîc bgegtka agek/bjsagek? jaj rjprjsjhtk um nchtghuc bk nchsngìhngk bj mkgcr
jhtrcpgk (sjavkejm, zkhekbk, ghskhk, irjhçtgnk, jecnìhtrgnk, kajktþrgk, nchiusk, mkeckbk,
kmjkåkbk,
krtjiktcs bctjmjrcsk, jxgejhtj,
mjbc j bc jec), ktçvghektgvk, ngumjhtk,
k nchsngìhngk kutc jhtrcpgk
bj mjhcr gmpcrtkhtj j ghkbjqukbk
(jqugagfrkbk, sjm- mjbc,
tcbcs
sjm jec, ncmpkssgvk, ùmgabj j jxprjssgvk bc kmcr ghnchbgngchka).
Jqugaífrgc ç pcr vjzjs bjsnrgtc ncmc um jstkbc bj sjr ‑sjpkrkbc”. Ç umk mjtëicrk
vkagcsk, mks bjvjmcs sjr nugbkbcscs scfrj c quj k pkakvrk ‑sjpkrkbc” sgehgignk hjstj
nchtjxtc. ^jr sjpkrkbc, hîc gmpagnk quj vcnì sjlk hjm ghtjajntuka hjm jmcngchkamjhtj
rjtgrkbc cu bgstkhtj. ^jpkrkåîc hîc sgehgignk ikatk bj ghtjrktgvgbkbj, hîc jhvcavgmjhtc, cu
quj hîc sj gmpcrtk. ^jpkrkåîc hîc gmpagnk jm sjr ghbgijrjhtj, cu sjhtgr-sj kngmk bj tubc. K
fusnk bk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk (nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka) huhnk rjqujr cu jhncrklk
hgheuçm k sjr sjpkrkbc bk vgbk, bj jhvcavgmjhtc ncm cs cutrcs, cu bk rjspchskfgagbkbj.
^jpkrkåîc kpjhks sgehgignk quj k pjssck hîc ç mkgs ghiaujhngkbk pcr hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs,
bjsjlcs, jxpjntktgvks j nrjhåks. Jqugaífrgc j umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, sîc
`kfgagtkbcs, ktrkvçs bk sjpkrkåîc bc prþprgc jec.
Hctk< c quj tjh`c bjsnrgtc ç c jqugaífrgc bks jhtgbkbjs nrjsnjhbc hk bgrjåîc bc akbc
pcsgtgvc (rktcs). Khtg-rktcs, cu kqujajs sj jvcaughbc ktrkvçs bk ghtjhåîc hjektgvk, tkmfçm
fusnkm fkgxkr cs jstkbcs bj jhtrcpgk bj sjr, ktrkvçs bj jqugaífrgc ghtjrhc pcr nchtrcaj tctka
bc ju (nchtrcakr suk jhjregk pjsscka) j sj kprcxgmkr bc (pkrjnjr ncm) jqugaífrgc jxtjrhc,
pjac nchtrcaj bc quj ç jxtjrhc pkrk jajs mjsmcs, j quj pcssk sjr nchtrcakbc. Cs pcfrjs khtg-
rktcs< sju pctjhngka ç tjrrgvjamjhtj agmgtkbc. Nchtrcaj, bgrgegbc pcr bjsjlc j hjnjssgbkbj, ç
umk tjhtktgvk bjsjspjrkbk j kutc agmgtkhtj, ijgtk pjac bjsprctjegbc ghnkpkz, pkrk pkrjnjr
pcbjrcsc. Nchtrcaj ç, j sjmprj icg, um pcfrj sufstgtutc pkrk c kmcr.
Gstc hcs trkz k um sgmpajs iktc quj tcbcs prjngskm ncmprjjhbjr, scfrj tjr jec j hîc
jstkr jm jqugaífrgc< C jec sjm rjstrgåújs, kuxgagkbc pjac ghtjajntc, vkg sjmprj kegr jm
icrmks quj mkhgijstkrîc ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj c mjbc, hk rjkagbkbj bc sjr! Ks nchstruåújs bk
ikhtksgk bc jec j ghtjajntc, sjmprj jhncrklkm c sjr k ikzjr jsnca`ks quj nchigrmjm c mjbc!
^j c prcfajmk cu mjbc quj c jec jstë akvkhbc, ç ghgngkamjhtj kpjhks umk bgignuabkbj
gmkeghkbk (c quj ç umk nchbgåîc ncmum), c jec jvjhtukamjhtj trkhsicrmkrë c quj qujr
quj sjlk tjmgbc, bj umk ‑icrmk pjhskmjhtc jm suk mjhtj” pkrk umk ‑rjkagbkbj iísgnk jm
suk nkrk”. K vjacngbkbj j njrtjzk bjstk trkhsicrmkåîc, bjpjhbj bk jhjregk ghvjstgbk, quj ç
prcpcrngchka k ghtjhsgbkbj bk rjkåîc bc jec kc mjbc.
Tcstc bj icrmk sgmpajs, sju jec ikz ncm quj sjus mjbcs sj tcrhjm rjkagbkbj. Tcr
mkhgijstkr sjus mjbcs „ trkzj-acs bc rjghc bk nchsngìhngk, pkrk suk rjkagbkbj iísgnk acnka, j
icråk-ac k agbkr ncm jajs bgrjtkmjhtj „ sju jec sj tcrhk um pcbjrcsc prcijsscr, fktjhbc jm
suk nkfjåk ncm ks nchsjquìhngks bcacrcsks bc sju mjbc j bjsjqugaífrgc. \kp! Zm rktc
furrc icg jajtrcnutkbc! Jstk ç umk erkhbj rjkagbkbj jbunkngchka bj rjtcrhc (ijjbfkno), j hîc
umk rjkagbkbj jxgstjhngkagstk cu hggagstk bjsprjcnupkbk quj bgz kpjhks ‑k vgbk ç umk brcek”.
Jstkr nchiusc scfrj jstj pchtc ç bjskstrcsc. Zmk ktgtubj bc tgpc ‑k vgbk ç umk brcek”,
nchbjhk vcnì k umk vgbk ghijagz j sjm nrjsngmjhtc, j ncm bcr kutc ghiagegbk. Kutcpgjbkbj
tgpc "kg bj mgm", "pkrk quj sjrvj", "k vgbk ç ghlustk", "j bkí", "bjgxj-mj sczgh`c, hîc qujrc
kprjhbjr mkgs agåújs bcacrcsks", "qujm sj gmpcrtk" j ‑sgmpajsmjhtj hîc nchsgec", ç mcrtka
pkrk c sju prcerjssc jvcautgvc j nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka. Tksskr pjak vgbk ncm jstks ktgtubjs, ç
ncmc hkbkr jm ëeuks prciuhbks ncm um facnc bj ngmjhtc kmkrrkbc k suks ncstks
J `ë mkgs umk ncgsk quj bjvjrgk skfjr scfrj jec. Jaj ç tka quj mugtks cutrks pjsscks,
bgijrjhtjmjhtj bj vcnì, vîc ajr jstj kpkrtj ghtjgrc scfrj jec, pjhskhbc quj jstcu ikakhbc
scfrj cutrk pjssck.
pjssck. Jaks jstkrîc nchncrbkhbc ncm suks nkfjåks pkrk ngmk j pkrk fkgxc ä
mjbgbk quj ajjm, sktgsijgtks kumjhtkr cu pjac mjhcs nchigrmkr suk ncmprjjhsîc
nchsgbjrëvja, knjrnk bc quj ikz ks cutrks pjsscks kegr ncmc kejm. Caë kmgec, vcnì pcbj mj
klubkr kqug. ^j pcr knksc nch`jnj kaeuçm hjstk akmjhtëvja sgtukåîc, pcr ikvcr tjhtj kncrbë-
ac „ ejhtgamjhtj nakrc. Tcr ikvcr sjlk jmpëtgnc j ejhtga, jstîc ikzjhbc c mja`cr quj pcbjm.
Jstîc cfvgkmjhtj `gphctgzkbcs pcr sjus jecs j ghtjajntcs jxtrjmkmjhtj nkpkzjs j
ghtjagejhtjs, j prcvkvjamjhtj pjrbjrkm quksj tubc bj gmpcrtkhtj hjstk trgacegk, bjsbj k
^jåîc ;, j mugtc bc quj ç gmpcrtkhtj jm suks vgbks, bjsbj sjus bjzjssjgs khcs. Rrgstj, sgm „
mks tctkamjhtj rjnupjrëvja!
^j hîc nchsjeuj kncrbë-acs … ^gm ju sjg, vcnì ç mugtc fcm hgstc, mjsmc kssgm
qujfrkr c trkhsj bj umk nrjhåk njhtrkbk hc jec ç jxtrjmkmjhtj bgiínga... sj vcnì hîc pubjr
kncrbë-acs ... pcr ikvcr, tjhtj bjgxë-acs nchicrtëvjgs, j sgek sju nkmgh`c. Huhnk tjhtj
jstga`kåkr k vgsîc bj muhbc bj kaeuçm ikzjhbc brkmktgnkmjhtj rugr suk nksk bj nkrtks, ncm
c usc bj aþegnk. Jstk kfcrbkejm rkrkmjhtj iuhngchk j usukamjhtj nrgk um prcfajmk mkgcr.
^j vcnì jsirjek k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj hc ghtjajntc bj um jec jm trkhsj, jxgstj umk katk
prcfkfgagbkbj bj quj k jstk vítgmk bj kutc trkpkåk, vë nchtrkgr k síhbrcmj bc `crrjhbc
trkumk bk vjrbkbj (@RbY), quj ghvkrgkvjamjhtj nrgk um bgstürfgc jmcngchka, quj ajvk k
umk grrgtkbk j kmjbrchtkbk rjtgrkbk, mkgs pkrk bjhtrc bk sjavk ikhtksgk. Huhnk ncacquj
ghtjhngchkamjhtj um khgmka nchtrk c nkhtc, k mjhcs quj jstjlk prjpkrkbc pkrk agbkr ncm
bjsjspjrc bj pæhgnc, quj pcbj cnksgchkamjhtj sj tcrhkr vgcajhtc.
Bj qukaqujr icrmk, hjm tubc jstë pjrbgbc „ c iuturc ç sjmprj ghnjrtc. ^`kkkzkkm!
^ktcrg, pcbj ktghegr c nkmgh`khtj bjsktjhtc k qukaqujr mcmjhtc ncmc k frga`khtj bjsnkrek
bj um rkgc pjrbgbc. K` sgm, ç pcssívja, ncgsks mkgs jstrkh`ks lë knchtjnjrkm pjac mjhcs
umk vjz, bjsbj quj c tjmpc ncmjåcu.
Bj umk rjspgrkbk prciuhbk j rjakxj „ pchbjrj ncmc jstk bgsnussîc scfrj c jec sj
rjakngchk ncm vcnì mjsmc. Gmkeghj kaeumks bj suks mkgs qujrgbks gausújs j cs mjbcs quj
ks nrgkm j kagmjhtkm „ j sgek jm irjhtj. ◂
Jstk bgerjssîc bc jec icg bgvjrtgbk j jspjrc quj tjh`k kprcvjgtkbc, mks kecrk prjngskmcs
rjtcmkr c icnc j ktghegr umk mja`cr ncmprjjhsîc bcs sjhtgmjhtcs j bk pjrschkagbkbj. Ncmfghj
kutcnchsngìhngk ncm um jec „ kutcnchsngìhngk kaunghkhbc (knrjbgtkhbc jm) suk prþprgk kutc
gmpcrtæhngk rjaktgvk „ j vcnì nchsjeuj k pcssgfgagbkbj (katk prcfkfgagbkbj) bj bcr jmcngchka j
ghtjajntuka. Kutcnchsngìhngk bjagrkhtj, ç kutcnchsngìhngk ncm umk ktgtubj (ncm um jec) j kssgm
pcbj sjhtgr tkhtc kajergk ncmc bcr. Hîc hcs rjijrgmcs k bcr iísgnk kqug. Bcr ç k nchsngìhngk bj
hîc nchsjeugr c quj qujr, bj hîc tjr ks ncgsks bc sju ljgtc, bj ika`kr jm pcssugr cu rjtjr
pcssjssîc bj kaec, k quj sju jec jstë kpjekbc „ kaec quj knrjbgtk qujrjr, bjsjlkr cu mjrjnjr.
Kssgm, um jec nrgk bcr (pkrk sju prcprgjtërgc) k pkrtgr bj sju kpjec k rjqugsgtcs hîc
ktjhbgbcs, bj suks nrjhåks, j bks hjnjssgbkbjs j nchbgåújs, quj jaj ncacnk pkrk c ktghegmjhtc bc
nchtjhtkmjhtc, cu sktgsikåîc. Bcr ç nkuskbk pjak kutcpjrnjpåîc ghsktgsijgtk, bjsnchtjhtj j
nkrjhtj. Bcr kutc ghbuzgbk ç c n`cquj jaçtrgnc, quj vcnì ajvk hc surprjjhbjhtj akfgrghtc bc
akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV. Jak ç c jstímuac bj rjtcrhc hjektgvc prgmërgc, kpagnkbc pjac
trjghkbcr bj mubkhåk bc ncmpcrtkmjhtc-ghtjhåîc, suprgbc pcr suk rjkagbkbj bj jspkåc-tjmpc
vgrtuka acnka. Kajergk, kmcr j ijagngbkbj sîc cutrc akbc bkqujak mcjbk, c jstímuac bj rjtcrhc
pcsgtgvc.
Mjbc tkmfçm pcbj sjr rjkåîc iþfgnk k bcr, bjsnchicrtc cu bjsvkhtkejm, rjkgs cu
gmkeghkbcs. Mjbc prcbuz umk pjrnjpåîc bj bcr pctjhngka j nrgk mjbcs rjakngchkbcs kbgngchkgs.
Bcr j mjbcs kbgngchkgs ejrkbcs, bk mjsmk icrmk ghstgekm mkgs mjbc „ um prcnjssc bj rjtcrhc
fcak bj hjvj quj rkpgbkmjhtj sj skturk pkrk mkxgmgzkr k khsgjbkbj j c bjsnchicrtc.
Kecrk pcbjmcs jhtjhbjr pcrquj qukaqujr rjspcstk, ghnausgvj umk jrrkbk (bjagrkhtj),
irjqujhtjmjhtj pkrjnj mja`cr quj hjhùmk rjspcstk. Zskr nrjhåk pkrk kagvgkr c mjbc quj k
gehcræhngk prcbuz ç mkgs gmjbgktkmjhtj gmpcrtkhtj, bc quj sj agvrkr bk gehcræhngk. Njtgngsmc bj
mjhtj kfjrtk, pjrbj pkrk k erktgignkåîc gmjbgktk fksjkbk jm nrjhåk, pcrquj c prgmjgrc ç umk
scauåîc bj achec prkzc, quj bjvj agbkr sjm mjbc ncm k gehcræhngk. Tkrjnjrgk quj k ùmkhgbkbj
ejrkamjhtj kn`k mkgs rëpgbc, iënga j mkgs gmjbgktkmjhtj sktgsiktþrgc, tgrkr bk nkrtcak umk píauak
pkrk bcr quj ejrk um sjhtgr-sj fjm fksjkbc jm nrjhåk pkrk ncfrgr um sghtcmk bjskerkbëvja, bc
quj fktka`kr pcbjrcskmjhtj pkrk trguhikr scfrj k nkusk rkgz.
▼Tkakvrks quj bjsnrjvjm nchtjübc jmcngchka pcbjm tjr mugtks iknjtks j tchkagbkbjs.
Tjsscks bgijrjhtjs irjqujhtjmjhtj ks ghtjrprjtkm bgijrjhtjmjhtj. Zskr tjrmcs quj
jxprjsskm sjhtgmjhtcs ghjvgtkvjamjhtj prcbuz um nkmpc mghkbc sjmæhtgnc?
nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, hîc igquj bjsaumfrkbc ncm cs bjtka`js „ jm jspjngka, sj ju uskr
pkakvrks bj icrmks quj hîc jstîc jm nchschæhngk ncm suks bjighgåújs j hcåújs. ^jeugr c
sjhtgbc ejrka bc sgehgignkbc prjtjhbgbc, jhqukhtc bjgxk pksskr cs trcnkbga`cs, vkg prcbuzgr
umk ncmuhgnkåîc mkgs knurkbk, ncmpajtk j prcbutgvk. ◂
Kajergk j pkz sîc cpcstcs bj bcr j mjbc. ^îc ejrkbcs pcr kutcnchsngìhngk sjm jec „ sjm
kpjecs, hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs cu rjqugsgtcs. Kajergk ç kutcnchsngìhngk ghnchbgngchkamjhtj
bjsirutkhbc suk jxgstìhngk j k jxgstìhngk bc quj sjlk quj jak tjh`k nrgkbc, j bc quj mkgs jxgstk
pkrk jstkr nchsngjhtj.
Tkz ç kutcnchsngìhngk sjhbc ghnchbgngchkamjhtj nchtjhtj ncm jak mjsmk, skfjhbc quj ijz
sjlk c quj icr quj tjh`k ijgtc, pjak mctgvkåîc njrtk. Zm sjr jm pjrijgtc jqugaífrgc, ç um kajerj
sjr jm pkz. Jqugaífrgc ejrk pkz j vgnj-vjrsk
vgnj-vjrsk..
Rrgstjzk ç kutcnchsngìhngk skfjhbc quj jak, suks pkrtjs, suks gmpakhtkåújs bc Trcnjssc
Iuhbkmjhtka, suks nrgkåújs j kmkbcs pcbjrgkm sjr mja`crjs (mkgs ctgmgzkbcs, mkgs aunrktgvcs).
Rrgstjzk, pkz j kajergk, ncjxgstjm tcbcs „ nkbk um ejrkhbc j supcrtkhbc cs cutrcs.
▼C quj jstcu n`kmkhbc bj trgstjzk kqug pcbjrgk sjr mja`cr sjr mja`cr sj n`kmkbc bj
trgstjzk sukvj, ajvj cu knjgtkr, cu tkavjz scmfrgc, sçrgc, nchtjmpaktgvc cu rjiajxgvc sjrgkm
kbljtgvcs mja`crjs cu mkgs bjsnrgtgvcs „ hîc bc tgpc trgstjzk bc tgpc GK bj mgm cu bj n`crc
rugbcsc. Jstk ç trgstjzk hksngbk bk ncmpkgxîc, bk ùmgabkbj j bc nugbkbc. Ç c rjsuatkbc
umk ncmprjjhsîc rjkaístgnk j jmpëtgnk bk bcr bjshjnjssërgk j kutc ghiagegbk quj knumuak
mgsçrgk hc muhbc j suks pjsscks. Ç k trgstjzk bj kssgstgr sjus kmgecs j pjsscks kmkbks
(kssgm ncm k tcbks ks pjsscks) ikzjhbc jaks mjsmks j kcs cutrcs mgsjrëvjgs j ghijagzjs pcr
nkusk bk suk gehcræhngk j skfjr quj hîc `ë hkbk quj pcssk ikzjr pkrk klubk-aks k nrjsnjr.
Cutrk icrmk bj trgstjzk (trgstj pcrquj vcnì hîc jstë nchsjeughbc c quj qujr) nkg bjhtrc bc
títuac bk bcr ghbuzgbk pjac jec j hîc tjm hkbk k vjr ncm k trgstjzk bjrgvkbk bc kmcr
ncmpkssgvc. ◂
Ijagngbkbj, pkz j trgstjzk, ncmc bjighgbcs kngmk, ncmpújm c kmcr

kmcr.. Kmcr ç um jstkbc bj sjr
ghncrpcrkhbc ncmpkgxîc j ùmgabkbj, ncm hjhùm mjbc, jec cu gausîc. Tcrquj c kmcr ç c
rjsuatkbc hkturka bj umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, ijagngbkbj, pkz, trgstjzk j k jagmghkåîc bc
jec sîc bk mjsmk icrmk, rjsuatkbcs bgrjtcs bj umk nchsngìhngk quj jstë fkgxkhbc
suigngjhtjmjhtj suk jhtrcpgk.
Bjhtrc bj um erkhbj sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka, c krrkhlc ghtjrhc mkgs aunrktgvc ç
ktghegbc, qukhbc vërgcs kerupkmjhtcs bj fgts (sufsgstjmks j jstruturk ghtjrhk) ghtjrkejm

nccpjrktgvkmjhtj pkrk umk aunrktgvgbkbj mutuk bj achec prkzc. Ajmfrj-sj quj erkhbjs sgstjmks
ncmpajxcs, pcr bjighgåîc, sjmprj tìm erkhbjs qukhtgbkbjs bj jstruturks ncmpajxks bj
sufsgstjmks quj sj ghtjr-rjakngchkm, sj ncmuhgnkm j ncmpkrtga`km ghicrmkåîc (ca`j pkrk sju
ncrpc pkrk um jxjmpac rjstrgtc k TMV). Ghtjrkåîc nccpjrktgvk, jm sju mja`cr pchtc bj mkgs
fkgxk jhtrcpgk, bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka ç bjighgbc ncmc kmcr. Jm cutrks
pkakvrks, ç c ktrgfutc bk ghtjrkåîc nccpjrktgvk ghtjrhk (quj bjvj tjr auekr sj um sgstjmk bj
nchsngìhngk quj jvcaug ncm sunjssc hk bgrjåîc bj jstkbcs mkgs fkgxcs bj jhtrcpgk) quj ç k mcak
prcpuascrk, eìhjsj, cu ichtj bc kmcr prgmcrbgka.
Kmcr ç kqugac ncm quj kaeuçm tjrmghk, bjpcgs quj ks vchtkbjs, hjnjssgbkbjs, bjsjlcs j
jxpjntktgvks bc jec sîc rjmcvgbks, jm umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka. Kmcr ç k jxprjssîc mkgs
fësgnk j hkturka bj umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk. Kmcr ç c quj nrjsnj bjhtrc bj umk
nchsngìhngk hk kusìhngk bc mjbc. Kmcr ç um tjrmc tçnhgnc bjighgbc pjak kusìhngk bj jhtrcpgk
hk nchsngìhngk? jaj jxgstj bjhtrc bk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk ncmc um nchtíhuc bj qukagbkbj quj
pcbj vkrgkr jm umk ikgxk, bjsbj c mugtc, mugtc pjqujhc ktç c mugtc, mugtc erkhbj. Kmcr ç k
prcprgjbkbj bj umk nchsngìhngk katkmjhtj jspgrgtuka. Kmcr rjprjsjhtk c jstkbc hkturka hîc
ncrrcmpgbc bk ichtj bk jxgstìhngk sjhngjhtj j hîc kfrgek gausújs.
gausújs. Kmcr ç c cfljtgvc bj umk
nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc trkfka`khbc bjhtrc bc ngnac bk nchsngìhngk. Rcbk Erkhbj RCJ (Rjcrgk
bj Rubc) pjsscka jm nrjsngmjhtc jijtgvc, bjvj nchvjregr pkrk c kmcr ä mjbgbk quj kvkhåk kc
achec bj sju nkmgh`c ühgnc hk bgrjåîc bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj. Kmcr ç sju prcpþsgtc? jaj bjighj k
bgrjåîc pcsgtgvk bc sju nrjsngmjhtc.
▤▤▤
7 (2>)
Ygbk j Kmcr hk Taknk bj Tjtrg
Erkhbj Ngìhngk, Fcm Takhc „ Kecrk Kc Rrkfka`c
^jrë quj Erkhbj Nkrk tjm um erkhbj jec3 Hîc `ë jvgbìhngk pkrk ghbgnkr quj k KZM ç
bjagrkhtj. Hîc `ë rkzîc pkrk k KZM sjr bjagrkhtj? hîc `ë prjssîc jvcautgvk quj k jmpurrj hjstk
bgrjåîc. C bjaírgc hîc kbgngchk vkacr? ç bgsiuhngchka. C jec, c mjbc j c bjaírgc trkfka`km pkrk
kmpagkr k jhtrcpgk bc sgstjmk. K nchsngìhngk hkturkamjhtj jvcaug bj mkgcr pkrk mjhcr jec „
umk KZM bjagrkhtj nchstgtugrgk um bjsnkrtj jvcaungchërgc.
Tcrquj kaeuhs sjrîc icråkbcs pjac `ëfgtc k prcljtkr c bjaírgc hk mjhtj bk KZM, vkmcs
cfsjrvkr c rjegstrc `gstþrgnc. Vjegstrcs `gstþrgncs, mítgncs j tjcaþegncs bcs bjusjs bk Erçngk, bcs
Lubjus, bcs Vcmkhcs, bcs Nrgstîcs j bcs Muåuamkhcs sjhbc jecístks (vghektgvcs, ngumjhtcs,
hjrvcscs, jxgejhtjs, zkhekbcs, krrcekhtjs j vgcajhtcs „ tcbks nkrkntjrístgnks bj um erkhbj jec
bgsiuhngchka) sîc mkgs prcvkvjamjhtj um krtjiktc scfrj Bjus, sjhbc bjsnrgtc pjac `cmjm k
gmkejm bc `cmjm, pkrk sktgsikzjr ks hjnjssgbkbjs j prcpþsgtcs bc `cmjm. Jm cutrks pkakvrks,
k bjsnrgåîc ncmum (bjhtrj ks mugtks rjagegújs pcpuakrjs kc rjbcr bc muhbc) bj um bjus jecístk
(bjagrkhtj) ç mkgs prcvkvjamjhtj, rjsuatkbc bc `cmjm prcljtkhbc sju prþprgc jecísmc, scfrj
sju nchnjgtc bj bjus (ijgtc k gmkejm bc `cmjm) j hîc cijrjnj jvgbìhngk nrívja (nuapk pcr
ksscngkåîc vkek), nchtrk k skübj mjhtka j jspgrgtuka bk KZM.
Tkrk jvgtkr k bcr bj hîc skfjr, ks pjsscks `kfgtukamjhtj jxtrkpcakm c quj nch`jnjm j tìm
ikmgagkrgbkbj pkrk c bjsnch`jngbc. Jssj ‑psjubcnch`j-ngmjhtc” kagvgk c mjbc bk gehcræhngk j
pjrmgtj quj nchnjgtukåújs kfstrktks pkrjnjrjm mkgs nchnrjtks j, pcrtkhtc, bj usc mkgs iënga
(mkgs iënga bj vjhbjr). Hk vjrbkbj, k nchjxîc kqug ç quksj ghjxgstjhtj. Cs bjusjs bcs `cmjhs bk
vgsîc pjqujhk hîc jstîc rjakngchkbcs nchnrjtk cu jspjngignkmjhtj kc ‑N`jiîc”, j mjhcs kghbk k
KZM. K hkturjzk bk nchsngìhngk j k icrmk bk suk jvcauåîc (rjbuåîc bj jhtrcpgk, nrjsngmjhtc
jspgrgtuka, mja`crgk bj qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk) jstîc icrtjmjhtj rjakngchkbcs k KZM, mks tjm
pcunc cu hkbk k vjr ncm rjagegîc crekhgzkbk. C nchnjgtc quj c kmcr ghnchbgngchka, jqugaífrgc,
kajergk, ncmpkgxîc j ùmgabkbj, sîc ktrgfutcs bj umk katk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, hîc tìm
hkbk k vjr ncm umk bcutrghk, bcemks j nrjbcs rjagegcscs. ^j vcnì kn`k quj knrjbgtkr jm bcemks
rjagegcscs ejrk nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, vcatj kc Nkpítuac ;7, hc Agvrc ;, chbj bgsnutgmcs k
hkturjzk bk nrjhåk j suk rjakåîc ncm c nch`jngmjhtc j qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk.
Nchsgbjrj k `gpþtjsj bj quj k KZM ç ncmc um erkhbj sgstjmk hkturka bj crekhgzkåîc
bgegtka kutc mcbgignëvja (nchsngìhngk) jm prcnjssc bj jvcauåîc. Zm nchnjgtc kssgm hîc tjm
rjakåîc ncm hjhùmk nrjhåk, mugtc mjhcs k nrjhåk bj quj um ‑vcvò mgmkbcr j jecístk”
nchbjhkrë vcnì pjak jtjrhgbkbj, nksc hîc prcijssj suk nrjhåk hks ncgsks kprcprgkbks bj icrmk
kbjqukbk. Ncmc ç quj c kmcr ghnchbgngchka, ncmpkgxîc, kajergk j ùmgabkbj sj jxprjsskrîc
ktrkvçs bjssk ktgtubj3 Cfvgkmjhtj, hîc jxgstj umk zchk bj ghtjrsjnåîc jhtrj k KZM j c bcemk
rjagegcsc? jhtrjtkhtc, pcbj jxgstgr umk zchk bj ghtjrsjnåîc jhtrj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc j pjac
mjhcs kaeuhs vkacrjs rjagegcscs, pcgs rjagegújs irjqujhtjmjhtj ikakm scfrj vkacrjs ùmkhcs, j
jajs „ jm suk rkgz „ jvcaujm k pkrtgr bcs vkacrjs bk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk. Rkmfçm pcbj
tjr `kvgbc umk nchjxîc jhtrj rjagegîc j nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk bjvgbc k ksscngkåîc
cnksgchka bk rjagegîc ncm kqujajs quj nch`jnjm prciuhbkmjhtj k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj j,
hcfrjmjhtj, tjhtkrkm ghncrpcrkr j prcpkekr jstj nch`jngmjhtc pkrk um erkhbj hümjrc bj

pjsscks. Ghijagzmjhtj, k `gstþrgk mcstrk quj tka jsicråc, hîc gmpcrtk c quîc hcfrj, hîc iuhngchk
fjm, j ejrkamjhtj tjrmghk bj icrmk ijgk j bgstcrngbk, pjak mkgcrgk quj grë, jvjhtukamjhtj, tjhtkr
kankhåkr k skavkåîc ktrkvçs bj rgtukgs, bcemks, ghtcajræhngk j vgcaìhngk „ tcbcs jajs pksscs
egekhtjs hk bgrjåîc cpcstk kc nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, kmcr j fkgxk jhtrcpgk. Vgtukgs, bcemks,
ghtcajræhngk, þbgc j vgcaìhngk „ `gstþrgnks krmkbga`ks bk rjagegîc jm hívja ncmum „ nchsjeujm
sjr ktrkjhtjs kpjhks pkrk ks hjnjssgbkbjs bj nurtc prkzc bc jec ncmc sjhtgr-sj fjm, supjrgcr cu
skavc.
Jsicråc pkrk jspka`kr k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj pcbj sjr um hcfrj jmprjjhbgmjhtc, jhtrjtkhtc, uskr
umk crekhgzkåîc pkrk jspka`kr k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj pkrk muatgbújs, chbj mugtcs kghbk hîc jstîc
prchtcs pkrk kssgmgakr pjssckamjhtj k suk skfjbcrgk ghtríhsjnk, knkfcu sjhbc `gstcrgnkmjhtj
nchtrkprcbunjhtj. Zmk vjz crekhgzkbk, k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj „ quj rjqujr skfjbcrgk ghbgvgbuka
pkrk sjr jhtjhbgbk „ ç sufstgtuíbk pcr um bcemk nuaturkamjhtj rjajvkhtj, quj tcbcs pcbjm
jhtjhbjr ikngamjhtj, j umk jstruturk bjsjhvcavgbk pkrk kumjhtkr c pcbjr, ghiauìhngk j c iauxc bj
nkgxk bk crekhgzkåîc. Jm kaeum mcmjhtc, bjighgr, mkhtjr j jxpkhbgr k crekhgzkåîc sj tcrhk um
igm hjaj mjsmc hc nkmgh`c bc pcbjr, jhqukhtc c cfljtgvc crgeghka bj jspka`kr k Erkhbj
Yjrbkbj ç sufstgtuíbc pcr um bcemk prjsuhåcsc, pcrçm mkgs jijtgvc j vjhbëvja, quj sjrë
gbcaktrkbc pjaks n`kmks bk gehcræhngk j c mjbc, jm sju mkgs fkgxc bjhcmghkbcr bk mjhtj
crekhgzkngchka (erupka). K nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk qukagbkbj ç, pcr hkturjzk, ikngamjhtj
mkhgpuaëvja.
Jstcu ikakhbc jm tjrmcs ejhçrgncs kqug? sjmprj `ë jxnjåújs. Crekhgzkåújs fksjkbks hc
mjbc (tgpc ‑knrjbgtj jm hcssc nkmgh`c cu scirk tjrrívjgs nchsjquìhngks”) sîc ghjrjhtj j
iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj ghncmpktívjgs ncm k prcmuaekåîc bj vkacrjs jspgrgtukgs j bj nrjsngmjhtc,
quj rjqujrjm ncmprjjhsîc ghbgvgbuka fksjkbk hc kmcr. Rjhtkr jxprjsskr j jspka`kr c kmcr
ncm bcemks, krrceæhngk bj lustgåk prþprgk, ajgs, prjssîc scngka cu pcaítgnk, jstrjgtjzk bj
pjhskmjhtc cu vgcaìhngk ikhëtgnk ç ncmc tjhtkr knjhbjr um iþsicrc k sjgs mjtrcs kfkgxc bj
ëeuks turvks, uskhbc kpjhks cs nctcvjacs.
Tcbjmcs sjeurkmjhtj kssumgr quj c sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bk KZM hîc ç bjagrkhtj,
tkmpcunc ç fksjkbc jm mjbc cu jec j, pcrtkhtc, hîc ç agekbc äs hjnjssgbkbjs, vchtkbjs,
rjqugsgtcs bcemëtgncs, nrjhåks, hcåújs prç-nchnjfgbks cu bjsjlcs. ^jm c mjbc j c jec, quj
ghjvgtkvjamjhtj prcbuzjm um ncmpcrtkmjhtc bcemëtgnc tgpc vghektgvc, ngumjhtc, jecnìhtrgnc,
jxgejhtj j nkrjhtj, k KZM bjvj rjprjsjhtkr k ùmgabkbj, ncmpkgxîc, jqugaífrgc, ijagngbkbj, pkz
j trgstjzk, quj, nchicrmj bjighgåîc hc nkpítuac khtjrgcr, ncmpújm um kmcr kutcnchsngjhtj.
Jhtîc, k jxgstìhngk (sjr) ghjsnrutëvja bk KZM „ um jhcrmjmjhtj ncmpajxc, nchsngjhtj j
jvcauíbc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bj jhtrcpgk míhgmk ncgsk-sjr-bgegtka „ pcssug umk hkturjzk,
pjrschkagbkbj cu ktgtubj quj pcbj sjr bjsnrgtk ncmc kmcr.
Nch`jnjmcs cutrks jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs pjak hkturjzk bj sju sjr, hîc pcr suk jstruturk cu
mjnæhgnk. Tcr jxjmpac, ks pjsscks quj nch`jnjmcs mja`cr, sîc mugtc mkgs pkrk hþs, bc quj
ncrpcs j ncmpcrtkmjhtcs cfljtgvcs. Ks nch`jnjmcs pcr suk hkturjzk, prghngpkamjhtj pcr suk
qukagbkbj sufljtgvk. Bk mjsmk icrmk, jxpjrgmjhtkmcs cu nch`jnjmcs k hkturjzk bk KZM
ncmc kmcr, pcrquj jssj ç c jstkbc bj sjr (jhtrcpgk míhgmk) pkrk c quka k nchsngìhngk jvcaug
hkturkamjhtj. Kaeumks rjagegújs ktrgfujm jstk mjsmk prcprgjbkbj, jhtrj cutrks, kc sju bjus (cu
bjusjs). Kaeuhs pcbjm sj prjcnupkr quj, sj k KZM ç ighgtk, bjvj jstkr prjzk jm kaeumk
ncmpjtgtgvk autk jvcautgvk, quj hcs ncacnk jm rgsnc. Vëpgbc, kaeuçm n`kmj @caaywccb< "C
KZMcsskurc erkngcsc, icic j kmcrcsc vjrsus c Mchstrc mjhtkamjhtj bjejhjrkbc j mkavkbc,
ncmjbcr bj icrmks-pjhskmjhtc, bc mkagehc pæhtkhc hjerc." K` hîc, sj jstkmcs hjstj igamj F,

pkrjnj quj tjmcs um erkhbj prcfajmk! Vjakxj. K gbjgk bj quj hcssk kmkbk KZM pcssk sjr
kpjhks um nkrk pjqujhc jm umk rjkagbkbj kaçm bc hcssc pctjhngka bj ncmprjjhsîc, hîc
bjvjrgk sjr jhjrvkhtj. Rjh`k jm mjhtj quj hcssc `gpctçtgnc KZMcsskurc ç umk ncgsk-nrgkturk-
pjhskmjhtc quj vgvj hc jspkåc-mjhtj. Hîc bjgxj quj pkbrújs `kfgtukgs bj pjhskmjhtc,
gmpch`km umk mjhtkagbkbj bj scfrjvgvìhngk bc mkgs kptc, cu k mjhtkagbkbj bk ‑ajg bk sjavk”
pkrk k KZM j sjus pcssívjgs kmfgjhtjs.
Ks prjcnupkåújs ncm k nchtghukåîc bk jxgstìhngk bk KZM sîc jqugvcnkbks, fksjkbks j
prjsks, k pkbrújs fgcaþegncs bj pjhskmjhtc TMV. Zm sjr rjaktgvkmjhtj pjqujhc j agmgtkbc, hîc
gmpagnk hjnjsskrgkmjhtj, jm um sjr bjagrkhtj quj scirk bj um ncmpajxc bj ghijrgcrgbkbj. C
tkmkh`c rjaktgvc hîc tjm hkbk k vjr ncm kmcr cu bjaírgc. Tjsscks pjqujhks igsgnkmjhtj irknks j
autkbcrjs bj sumò, tìm n`khnjs geukgs qukhtc k qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk. Yuahjrkfgagbkbj j
mjbc hîc nkmgh`km hjnjsskrgkmjhtj luhtcs. Bk mjsmk icrmk, sjr bjstjmgbc j sjr tjmjrërgc,
tkmpcunc jstîc sjmprj ksscngkbks. Nchncrrìhngk j scfrjvgvìhngk hîc tìm erkhbj gmpcrtæhngk hc
jspkåc-mjhtj chbj vgvj k KZM. [ukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk ç k mçtrgnk rjajvkhtj. C tkmkh`c
rjaktgvc, ç rjajvkhtj kpjhks pkrk bjighgr qujm pcbj nrgkr j supcrtkr qujm - umk qujstîc bj
crekhgzkåîc jncaþegnk.
Tkrk klubë-ac k ncmprjjhbjr ks icrtjs ghtjr-rjakåújs quj nchjntkm k KZM, cs jxpjrgmjhtcs
jm nchsngìhngk, jvcauåîc, ghvjstgekåîc ngjhtíignk j kmcr, prjngsc kmpagkr sju æheuac bj vgsîc bk
KZM, ncacnkhbc c Hcssc ^gstjmk ("C^") jm umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs pjsscka. Ncm c rgsnc bj
bjsvgkr sju icnc, j ejrkr nurgcsgbkbj tkhejhngka kc pchtc prjtjhbgbc, kn`c quj umk pjqujhk
jxpagnkåîc bk hkturjzk j ighkagbkbj bk HTMVh j bc Hcssc ^gstjmk, jm rjakåîc k cutrks
rjkagbkbjs ç hjnjssërgk. Jhtjhbjr quj jxgstjm cutrcs sgstjmks bj rjkagbkbj quj sîc nchstruíbcs
bk mjsmk icrmk quj c hcssc, mks sîc iuhngchkamjhtj mugtc bgijrjhtjs bjaj, klubkrîc k vjr k
KZM bj umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs kmpak.
▼KZM< um ngjhtgstk hc trkfka`c. Mjtkicrgnkmjhtj, k KZM nchbuzgu, j jstë

nchbuzghbc mugtks jxpjrgìhngks. Khtjs bks TMVs, `kvgkm scmjhtj HTMVs. Ncmc sj pcbj
vjrgignkr, ks rjkagbkbjs tgpc HTMV hîc sîc ctgmgzkbks pkrk jvcaugr nchsngìhngks fësgnks cu
jajmjhtkrjs. C prcfajmk jstë hcs accps bj "mctgvkåîc-kåîc-rjsuatkbc-ijjbfkno" quj sîc
achecs j bgiínjgs bj bjighgr hk HTMV pcrquj ghtjrkåújs jhtrj ks jhtgbkbjs sîc mugtks vjzjs
tìhujs j ghstëvjgs. ^j umk jhtgbkbj sjhngjhtj hîc ecstk bc quj jstë knchtjnjhbc hc jspkåc-
mjhtj bk HTMV, pcbj nkgr icrk j bjskpkrjnjr cu facqujkr (igatrkr) ghtjrkåújs jspjníignks.
Hk HTMV, sju kmfgjhtj jxtjrhc ç, jm erkhbj mjbgbk, nchtrcakbc bgrjtkmjhtj pjak suk
mjhtj. Rka ç k hkturjzk bc jspkåc-mjhtj j bk tjrrk-bk-icrmk-pjhskmjhtc< ç tìhuj,
ghbgvgbuka j rëpgbk pkrk mubkr. Ikzjr cu kegr (trcnks bj jhjregk) vìm j vîc ncm c icnc, sîc
bgrgegbcs pjak ghtjhåîc, j mugtks vjzjs rjvjrsívjgs.
Hk HTMV, rjsuatkbcs j nchsjquìhngks bk ghtjhåîc j kåîc, jrkm bgiínjgs bj bjighgr j
pcunc nakrcs. Vjspchskfgagbkbj j ghtjhåîc ncrrjtk, cs prghngpkgs prcfajmks bj
kprjhbgzkejm, pkrjngkm sjmprj bgsnutívjgs. K rjnchstruåîc bk mctgvkåîc njrtk j nakrk,
tcrhcu-sj umk qujstîc jsncrrjekbgk j bgvgsgvk jhtrj cs rjsgbjhtjs bk HTMV. Zmk rjkagbkbj
quj jrk mkgs ríegbk, mkgs sþagbk j þfvgk - kaec mjhcs tìhuj, mutëvja j nkmuiaëvja - jrk
hjnjssërgk pkrk jvgtkr kqujajs kreumjhtcs scfrj k ghtjhåîc ncmc< "^gm, ju igz" j "Hîc, vcnì
hîc ijz". Kaec jrk hjnjssërgc pkrk mkhtjr k ghtjrkåîc jstëvja j jheklkbk ktç quj icssjm
ejrkbks ghtjhåújs ncmpajtks j nakrks. Cs prcnjsscs bj ghtjrkåîc prjngskm sjr grrjvjrsívjgs -

umk vjz quj ks jsnca`ks sîc ijgtks, j k kåîc ç tcmkbk, hîc `ë ncmc bjsikzì-ak. Ncmc cs
ghtjrnæmfgcs bj jhjregk jhtrj jhtgbkbjs prcbuzjm nchsjquìhngks quj hîc pcbjm sjr
khuakbks, cs rjsuatkbcs ighkgs sîc numuaktgvcs. Kaçm bgssc, cs rjsuatkbcs bks trcnks bj
jhjregk (k ghtjrkåîc rjka), bjvjm sjr bjighgbcs hc æmfgtc bj umk nkbjgk nkuska vghnuaktgvk,
pkrk quj ks rkmgignkåújs bj tcbks ks kåújs pcsskm sjr rkstrjkbks ktç k nchnausîc.
Kbgngchkamjhtj, pkrk ikngagtkr c nrjsngmjhtc jvcautgvc, cs rjsuatkbcs prcvgsþrgcs prjngskvkm
sjr bjvcavgbcs äs jhtgbkbjs ghtjrkeghbc scf k icrmk bj ijjbfkno.
Ncmc vcnì bjvj tjr kbgvgh`kbc, jstkmcs kecrk hc prcnjssc bj jspjngignkr cs rjqugsgtcs
bj hívja supjrgcr pkrk c jspkåc-tjmpc. K jvcauåîc, sjmprj k prcnurk bj umk icrmk mja`cr
bj ikzjr hjeþngcs, ncmjåcu k ghvjstgekr mkhjgrks mkgs jignkzjs bj ghnjhtgvkr k rjhtkfgagbkbj
bc sgstjmk j ikngagtkr uhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukgs bj nchsngìhngk jm suk fusnk pkrk jhnchtrkr
nchigeurkåújs bj jhtrcpgk mkgs fkgxks. C jspkåc-tjmpc jvcaugu ncmc um kmfgjhtj vgrtuka
jxtjrhc, quj pjrmgtj quj k nchsngìhngk bj jhtrcpgk nruk j rjaktgvkmjhtj katk, mkgs
jijtgvkmjhtj rjkagzj sju pctjhngka bj nrjsngmjhtc. Tjhsj hc jspkåc-tjmpc ncmc um
trjghkbcr bj rjkagbkbj vgrtuka quj klubk ks uhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks k kprjhbjr
ncmc crekhgzkr j jstruturkr mkgs jigngjhtjmjhtj suk jhjregk.
Tcrquj jhcrmj hümjrc bj tjstjs pjqujhcs, vjrsus kaeuhs erkhbjs tjstjs ghnchnausgvcs,
prcbuzjm umk kvkagkåîc mja`cr j mkgs nchsgstjhtj, um prcnjssc ghnrjmjhtka j scfrj k
mçbgk bj mugtks jsnca`ks bgërgks pjqujhks, gmpuasgchkrgk rjsuatkbcs grrjvjrsívjgs j sjrgk
mkgs nkpkz pkrk kprcvjgtkr k mubkhåk k sjrvgåc bk nakrjzk. K nchsgstìhngk j k nchtghugbkbj
pcbjrgkm sjr mja`crkbks, pcr ajhtkmjhtj ghnrjmjhtkr prcnjsscs bghæmgncs (ghtjrkåújs j
trcnks bj jhjregk) j sjus rjsuatkbcs sufsjqujhtjs, jm pksscs kprcprgkbkmjhtj pjqujhcs,
utgagzkhbc umk rjkagbkbj fksjkbk jm um qukhtum bj tjmpc rjaktgvkmjhtj erkhbj.
Kc gmpajmjhtkr jssks mcbgignkåújs bj prcljtc jm um sufnchluhtc bk HTMV, k KZM
pcbjrgk jvcaugr um NbV pkrk umk pkrtj bc jspkåc-mjhtj (umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka jxgstghbc
bjhtrc bj suk prþprgk bgmjhsîc) quj icrhjnj um kmfgjhtj bj kprjhbgzkejm mkgs jigngjhtj j
prcbutgvc, pkrk k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, umk sçrgj bj rjkagbkbjs
jspkåc-tjmpc,, kaeumks sgmgakrjs k hcssk kmkbk TMV, icrkm ejrkbks pkrk ktjhbjr äs
jspkåc-tjmpc
hjnjssgbkbjs bk nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc. Gmkeghj umk jsncak prgmërgk jspkåc-tjmpc, cu
tkavjz umk iëfrgnk bj rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk jspkåc-tjmpc, chbj pkrtjs ghbgvgbukagzkbcs bk
nchsngìhngk pcbjrgkm jvcaugr mkgs jignkzmjhtj suk jhjregk pkrk c jstkbc mkgs aunrktgvc bj
sjr.
Tkrk kuxgagkr c kutc kpjrijgåckmjhtc, nkbk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk prjngskrgk ktrkvjsskr
ks ncmpajxks nkmkbks bj kvkagkåújs ghtjajntukgs, cpghgújs, gmkejhs j jec pkrk n`jekr k
vjrbkbj bj umk ghtjhåîc jhtjrrkbk.
jhtjrrkbk. Kaec jrk hjnjssërgc pkrk pjrmgtgr quj cs ghbgvíbucs
pubjssjm vjr j sjhtgr suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk rjiajtgbk bgrjtkmjhtj jm suks kåújs. K
jvcauåîc jignkz bk nchsngìhngk prjngsk bj um bgspcsgtgvc bk vjrbkbj cu mjbgbcr bj
qukagbkbj quj mjåk, jxgfk, rjegstrj j knumuaj ncm prjngsîc, k aunrktgvgbkbj bk jhtrcpgk
sjhbc rjbuzgbk cu k ncrrjåîc bj qukaqujr mctgvkåîc quj ghgngj umk ghtjrkåîc. ^jm jssj
bgspcsgtgvc (cu sj c bgspcsgtgvc icr gehcrkbc), cs ghbgvíbucs hîc tjrgkm rjijrìhngk bk
vjrbkbj j pcbjrgkm sjr ikngamjhtj nkpturkbcs pjak prcpkekhbk bc sju jec.
[uj þtgmk ijrrkmjhtk bj kprjhbgzkbc crgjhtkbk pcr ijjbfkno jak sjrgk! Ycnì nchsjeuj
gmkeghkr3 Kaec quj pubjssj nakssgignkr ncm prjngsîc k qukagbkbj bj nkbk pjhskmjhtc quj
tjmcs j kåîc quj tcmkmcs, fjm ncmc mkhtjr umk scmk ktukagzkbk bcs rjsuatkbcs. Zmk
jhtgbkbj nulk qukagbkbj-jxpjrgìhngk knumuakbk rjprjsjhtk umk erkhbj ncajåîc bj ghtjhåújs

bj fck qukagbkbj nrgkrgk hkturkamjhtj umk jxgstìhngk kmcrcsk j kajerj? jm nchtrkstj, umk
quj rjprjsjhtkssj um knümuac bks ghtjhåújs bgrgegbks-pjac-jec ghnrjmjhtkbcrks bj
jhtrcpgk, nrgkrgk kutcmktgnkmjhtj umk jxgstìhngk jstrjsskhtj, mgsjrëvja j ghijagz.
Zku! Ncm um bgspcsgtgvc bj ijjbfkno ncmc jstj pkrk crgjhtkr sju nrjsngmjhtc, ncmc
pcbjrgk ika`kr3 Nkrkmfk, vkg sjr mkgs iënga bc quj ju pjhskvk< tubc quj prjngsc ikzjr ç
kprjhbjr k prjstkr ktjhåîc hjstj trcåc-mjbgbcr bj qukagbkbj, ikzjr k ncgsk njrtk j jm
sjeugbk, vjrgignkr mjus pchtcs. Ncm kaeumk jxpjrgmjhtkåîc pcr tjhtktgvk j jrrc, bjvj sjr
rjaktgvkmjhtj sgmpajs cftjr mja`crjs j mkgcrjs pchtukåújs kc achec bc tjmpc. Mcajzk!
Chbj jstë jssj trcåc, j quka suk kpkrìhngk3
Bjhtrc bj umk mjhtj bgegtka ghbgvgbukbk, ncmfghj rgqujzk j ncmpajxgbkbj suigngjhtjs,
ijjbfkno hîc-aghjkr, prcerkmkåîc ghtjagejhtj j ks rjstrgåújs bj prcnjsskmjhtc kbjqukbks
ncm umk mgsturk bj kmcr, ùmgabkbj, ncmpkgxîc, mjbc, bjsjlc, jec, j pgpcnk umk
pjrnjpåîc jspjníignk bj ghtjrkåîc n`kmkbk "jmcåîc nruk", quj ç prcljtkbk pkrk rjiajtgr k
qukagbkbj ghtjrhk ncm prjngsîc. K jmcåîc surej sjm rjstrgåújs ktrkvçs bk mjhtj bgegtka
ghbgvgbukbk pkrk sktgsikzjr um nrgtçrgc prghngpka bj prcljtc bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk
aunrktgvk (mkgs scfrj gssc hk ^jåîc 2). Jstj mjbgbcr bj qukagbkbj ghtjrhk bc tgpc "c-quj-
"c-quj-
vcnì-sjhtj-rjiajtj-c-quj-vcnì-ç ", ç k mîj bj tcbcs cs bgspcsgtgvcs bj fgc-ijjbfkno. [uj c
kmcr j k kajergk hîc bcmghjm hcsscs sjhtgmjhtcs hk mkgcrgk bc tjmpc ç, tkhtc hcrmka,
ncmc hîc ç fcm sghka. Kmcr, kajergk, pkz, ncmpkgxîc, ùmgabkbj j jqugaífrgc, sîc ks
jxprjssújs j sjhtgmjhtcs bcmghkhtjs bj umk nchsngìhngk bj katk qukagbkbj. C quj vcnì j ju
sjhtgmcs hk mkgcr pkrtj bc tjmpc ç prcvkvjamjhtj mkgs rjprjsjhtktgvc bj umk nchsngìhngk
bj jhtrcpgk katk.
^jus sjhtgmjhtcs rjiajtjm sjmprj c vjrbkbjgrc vcnì ncm prjngsîc pjrijgtk.
pjrijgtk. ^j sjhtj
rkgvk, hjektgvgbkbj, ghkbjqukåîc cu khsgjbkbj, gssc ç um rjiajxc bj ncmc j c quj vcnì ç hc
sju ghtjrgcr? hîc bj ncmc cs cutrcs ikzjm vcnì sj sjhtgr. Kaçm bgssc, jhtgbkbjs bj mkgcr
qukagbkbj, irjqujhtjmjhtj uhjm jmcåîc ncm umk nchsngìhngk nchtjhbc cs vkacrjs bj suk
nchsngìhngk suflknjhtj, pkrk prcbuzgr um mja`cr j mkgs sjhsívja mjbgbcr bj qukagbkbj.
Rcmj hctk< Rkavjz vcnì bjvk ghvjstgekr c quj suk jhjregk jmctgvk (ghstkhtæhjk j
numuaktgvk) jstë bgzjhbc scfrj k qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. "Jssj gbgctk rjkamjhtj mj
bjgxk acunc!" Hk vjrbkbj, jaj hîc tj bjgxk acunc. Ycnì hîc pcbj bj icrmk aþegnk nuapkr cs
cutrcs pcr nrgkrjm suks jmcåújs?
jmcåújs? vcnì bjvj kssumgr ;44% bk rjspchskfgagbkbj pjac quj
qujr quj ikåk, sghtk j sjlk.
sjlk. Cs cutrcs sgmpajsmjhtj mcstrkm k vcnì um rjiajxc, bj ncmc
vcnì mjsmc rjkej k jajs - ks rjkåújs sîc scmjhtj suks.
Ycnì jstë hc ncmkhbc j ç rjspchsëvja pcr vcnì.
vcnì. Vjkej j ghtjrkej pcr nkusk bj qujm ç.
Hgheuçm, hkbk, j hjhùmk ngrnuhstæhngk pcbj icråë-ac k sjr kaeuçm bgijrjhtj bj vcnì. ^þ
vcnì tjm pjrmgssîc pkrk ikzjr suks jsnca`ks. K TMV ç chbj "c fgn`c pjek" - chbj suks
kåújs j sjhtgmjhtcs rjiajtjm c vjrbkbjgrc vcnì, hîc c quj vcnì pjhsk quj ç cu qujr sjr. sjr .
Zhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks uskhbc HTMV ncmc suk rjkagbkbj acnka, ignkrkm
nchiusks scfrj c quj jrk c "vjrbkbjgrc ju" bjaks j c quj jaks pjhskvkm quj jrkm. Kprjhbjr
jrk bgiínga. Jrk k gstc k quj mj rjijrgk hc Nkpítuac : bjstj agvrc qukhbc, jm rjijrìhngk kc
prcljtc bj "rjsskatcs-bj-mktçrgk-fgcaþegnk", qukhbc bgssj< "^jrgk mja`cr a`js bkr
nchsngìhngk (pjrnjpåîc) j iuhngchkagbkbj agmgtkbks, pkrk quj hîc nchtghujm prjscs jm
ghtjrmghëvjgs accps ghtjajntukgs, pjhskhbc scfrj ks ghtjrkåújs jm vjz bj jxpjrgmjhtë-aks,
ncmc igzjrkm kaeumks bks jxpjrgìhngks mjhcs prcbutgvks bk KZM, tjhtkbks
khtjrgcrmjhtj".
Hjstj pchtc, c nchtjxtc jm quj jstk kigrmkåîc pcbj sjr jhtjhbgbk sj kmpagcu
nchsgbjrkvjamjhtj. Hc jhtkhtc, k bgsnussîc bcs rjqugsgtcs pkrk c bjsjh`c bc jspkåc-tjmpc
jstë kpjhks ncmjåkhbc? prciuhbgbkbj j kmpagtubj kbgngchkgs sjrîc kfcrbkbcs hks sjåújs 2 j
:.
Jxgstjm bgijrjhtjs jxpjrgmjhtcs knchtjnjhbc jm nkbk um bcs bgijrjhtjs sgstjmks bj
rjkagbkbj hîc-iísgnk (k n`kmkbk HTMV). Tcr jxjmpac, um bjstjs sgstjmks tjm pcunks
rjerks bj ghtjrkåîc - hjhùmk ajg cu lustgåk kc hívja mkgs katc - huhnk iug k umk nchstruåîc
bc jspkåc-tjmpc aë, jmfcrk jstjlk rjaktgvkmjhtj njrtc bj quj jxgstjm. Knjssgfgagbkbj äs
TMVs hjstj sgstjmk hîc ç k qujstîc. Ignc achej bjssk rjkagbkbj tkhtc qukhtc pcssívja,
pcrquj ç tjrrgvjamjhtj ëspjrk, mkavkbk j gmprjvgsívja - kaeuçm pcbj ikngamjhtj sj
mknùnkr aë. Cs jxpjrgmjhtcs HTMV cncrrjm, pkrk bjmchstrkr c jijgtc bj vërgcs vkacrjs,
rjerks j nchluhtcs-bj-rjerks (rjstrgåújs sjajtgvks) scfrj k bghæmgnk bk jvcauåîc bk
nchsngìhngk.
Jxgstjm mugtks bgmjhsújs bj rjkagbkbj nulks rjstrgåújs cpjrkngchkgs sj jhnkgxkm jhtrj
jxtrjmcs, bjsbj um nkþtgnc "agvrj pkrk tcbcs" ktç hcssc C^ ‑cfjbgjhtj äs ajgs”. Gmkeghc
quj jxgstjm sgstjmks bj rjkagbkbj quj sjlkm fjm mkgs rjstrgtcs quj c C^ (hcssc sgstjmk),
mks huhnk jstgvj jm um.
Nchsgbjrj k gmpagnkåîc - rjstrgåújs mkgs igrmjs sîc um rjqugsgtc hjnjssërgc pkrk prç-
jsncaks j lkrbghs bk ghiæhngk. Ä mjbgbk quj c hívja mçbgc bj qukagbkbj kumjhtk, ks
rjstrgåújs pcbjm sjr rjakxkbks sjm ncmprcmjtjr k jignëngk jbunkngchka.
Kc mjsmc tjmpc, hþs (C^) lë icmcs mjhcs agmgtkbcs bc quj scmcs kecrk. @cuvj umk
ghtjrkåîc mkgs bgrjtk (ghtrcmgssîc) jhtrj k HTMV (bjusjs j jspírgtcs) j k TMV (sjrjs
ùmkhcs). K jxtjhsîc bjssk ghtjrkåîc nrgcu rjsuatkbcs quj ghtjrijrgrkm ncm k ghtjhåîc bk
jxpjrgìhngk? nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, rjerks mkgs rjstrgtgvks icrkm ijgtks j hcssc C^ ktuka sj
tcrhcu c quj nch`jnjmcs kecrk. Ks rjerks (bghæmgnk jstruturka) pcbjm mubkr, mks hîc
nksukamjhtj j hjm ncm irjquìhngk, cu k ghtjergbkbj bk jxpjrgìhngk sjrë krrughkbk.
K ghtrcmgssîc jxtjrhk (jxtjrhk ä TMV), kpagnkbk kc prcnjssc jvcautgvc quj cncrrj
bjhtrc bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkejm TMV, knrjsnjhtk ghnjrtjzk kc prcnjssc j ejrkamjhtj
prcbuz rjsuatkbcs hîc hkturkgs quj bgigngamjhtj pcbjm sjr mkhtgbcs sjm mkgs ghtjrijrìhngk.
K ghtjrijrìhngk, umk vjz ghgngkbk, ejrk um ngnac vgngcsc quj rjqujr mkgs ghtjrijrìhngk -
ncmc um mjhtgrcsc quj nchtk hcvks mjhtgrks, pkrk jsnchbjr vja`ks mjhtgrks. Ycnì bjvj
ajmfrkr quj hc ighka bc Nkpítuac 2 bjstj agvrc bgsnutgmcs c quj knchtjnj qukhbc kaeuçm
krruíhk umk jxpjrgìhngk, ncm mugtk ghtjrvjhåîc cu ghtrcmgssîc.
Hcssk nchnausîc< "C jxpjrgmjhtkbcr tjrgk quj ‑bkr k bjsnkrek” hcs pjqujhcs nkrgh`ks j
ncmjåkr bj hcvc." Rjh`c mjbc quj c sjeurc ghuhbkåîc hîc vkg klubkr, j quj pgskr hk ëeuk
pjak jtjrhgbkbj, hîc sjlk umk scauåîc knjgtëvja. Hîc bjvjríkmcs jspjrkr quj k KZM, c
N`jiîc cu qukaqujr cutrc jstjlk prjstkhbc ktjhåîc äs hcssks prcvkåújs j trgfuakåújs,
klustkhbc cs rjsuatkbcs, ghtjrijrghbc cu rjkagzkhbc lcekbks, bj icrk bks agh`ks bj nkmpc bc
C^. Jstks sîc ngìhngk j jvcauåîc sçrgks, hîc umk frghnkbjgrk bj nrgkhåk tgpc "Tcssc,
pkpkg3".
Ghtjrijrìhngk hk TMV (bj icrk bjak) pcr kåîc bgrjtk ç ejrkamjhtj prcgfgbk - ks jxnjåújs
bjvjm cfjbjnjr kc prghnípgc bj ghnjrtjzk psg quj ç kfcrbkbc jm bjtka`j mkgs kbgkhtj. Tcr
cutrc akbc, k ghiauìhngk ghbgrjtk ç scf njrtks nchbgåújs, hîc sþ pjrmgtgbk, ncmc jhncrklkbk.
Zmk nchsjquìhngk pjrgiçrgnk j prcvkvjamjhtj hîc ghtjhngchka bjstk rjerk gmpcrtkhtj,
pjrmgtj quj cs ngbkbîcs bj nchsngìhngk-agmgtkbk ghncrpcrkbcs bks TMVs quj sîc

cpjrkngchkamjhtj nchsngjhtjs hk HTMV, tcmjm kåújs bgrjtks hk HTMV sjm k mjsmk
rjspchskfgagbkbj quj tjrgk um sjr bk HTMV mjhcs agmgtkbk j quj hîc jstë scf k prctjåîc
bk ngbkbkhgk bk TMV.
Ä mjbgbk quj um hümjrc mkgcr bj jhtgbkbjs, ghncrpcrkbks bjhtrc bks rjkagbkbjs iísgnks
sj tcrhkm gssc,
Jhqukhtc cpjrkngchkgs j ktgvks
um ngbkbîc hc hîc-iísgnc,
ghncrpcrkbc jstj ‑iurc”
bk TMV, quj sjrë
tjm prcvkvjamjhtj
umk nchsngìhngk ijn`kbc.
fjm
bjsjhvcavgbk j quj jstë cpjrkngchkamjhtj nchsngjhtj hk HTMV, tjm umk pcbjrcsk
vkhtkejm pjac iktc bj quj pcbj ghtjrkegr icråkbkmjhtj ncm k jhjregk bj cutrcs (bjhtrc j
icrk bk TMV) j jstkr kghbk bjhtrc bk ajg j, pcrtkhtc, prctjegbc pcr jak. Hcs ç pjrmgtgbc
ghtjrijrgr ncm k jhjregk bcs cutrcs, pcrquj tka ktgvgbkbj jxjrngtk umk pkrtj gmpcrtkhtj bc
hcssc pctjhngka jvcautgvc, j pcrquj hcssk nchsngìhngk ç ejrkamjhtj tîc pcunc bjsjhvcavgbk,
quj hîc pcbjmcs ikzjr mugtc bkhc „ ç ncmc bjgxkr um mchtj bj fjfìs lcekr fcaks bj
jspumk uhs hcs cutrcs. K iknk bj bcgs eumjs bc agvrj krfítrgc pjrmgtgrë quj ks trcnks bj
jhjregk sjlkm tkhtc nchstrutgvks ncmc bjstrutgvks pkrk k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk. Cs
rjsgbjhtjs bk TMV hîc tìm um n`jquj jm frkhnc pkrk nkuskr jstrkecs jm sg mjsmcs j hc
rjstc bk HTMV „ jxgstjm rjerks j agmgtjs „ mks ç nchnjbgbc k jajs um erku mkgs kmpac bj
aktgtubj (um tgpc bj bjigngìhngk) j umk prctjåîc kbgngchka scf k ajg, pcr nkusk bj suks
agmgtkåújs.. Tkrk umk khkacegk ercssjgrk, nchsgbjrj ks ajgs quj prctjejm ks nrgkhåks cu cs
agmgtkåújs
bjigngjhtjs mjhtkgs bj jxpacrkåîc.
Hcssk jxpjrgìhngk HTMV ç scfrj k bghæmgnk bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Bj icrmk fjm
sgmpagignkbk, k bghæmgnk mctgvkngchka fësgnk (jm cpcsgåîc k bghæmgnk jstruturka) ç< kmcr,
nch`jngmjhtc j skfjbcrgk nchtrk mjbc, jec j gehcræhngk j c tjmk geukamjhtj pcpuakr, bc
fjm vjrsus c mka. Tcbjrgk k bghæmgnk bjssk autk iuhbkmjhtka hk rkgz bj hcssk nchsngìhngk
sjr k ichtj bj hcssk mkgs prciuhbk kutc jxprjssîc3 Hcssks krtjs (agtjrkturk, nghjmk, pghturk,
tjktrc j müsgnk) sj bjbgnkm k jxprjsskr c hcssc ghtjrjssj j prjcnupkåîc ncm ks bghæmgnks
mctgvkngchkgs quj sîc iuhbkmjhtkgs pkrk k hcssk jxgstìhngk, j k jxgstìhngk bk hcssk
rjkagbkbj.
Cs mjsmcs tjmks quj uhgvjrskamjhtj kegtkm jmcåújs j nktgvkm ghtjrjssj jm nkbk
nuaturk bj hcssc pakhjtk, sîc cs quj bjsnrjvjm c quj ç nrungka j gmpcrtkhtj, pkrk k jvcauåîc
bk nchsngìhngk. Tcrquj k nchsngìhngk ç ncmum ä ùmkhgbkbj, cs nchtcs bj kmcr,
nch`jngmjhtc, skfjbcrgk, mjbc, jec, gehcræhngk j fjm nchtrk c mka, tkmfçm sîc ncmuhs ä
ùmkhgbkbj, kssgm ncmc k tcbcs cs cutrcs sjrjs katkmjhtj nchsngjhtjs j pjrnjptgvcs. K
bghæmgnk mctgvkngchka bk nchsngìhngk tkmfçm ç hcssk bghæmgnk mctgvkngchka, pcrquj
scmcs nchsngìhngk. Tcbjrgk kaec sjr mkgs sgmpajs cu bgrjtc3 Bjhtrc bk HTMV, jxgstjm
kaeuhs sgstjmks bj rjkagbkbj iísgnk, quj sîc quksj ghtjgrkmjhtj mkabcscs j cutrcs quj sîc
quksj ghtjgrkmjhtj fchs. Ycnì jhtjhbj k gbjgk< `ë mugtk kåîc j vkrgjbkbj hk HTMV j sjus
sufnchluhtcs. Jxgstjm mugtks TMVs bgijrjhtjs j ühgnks. Jxpacrjg pjac mjhcs vërgks
bjzjhks bj tkgs rjkagbkbjs, j vërgks bjaks jm erkhbj bjtka`j. Jmfcrk tcbks sgekm k mjsmk
mjnæhgnk bk rjkagbkbj fësgnk bjsnrgtk hk ^jåîc :, hc hívja iísgnc (sjrjs, nuaturk j mjgc
kmfgjhtj), kaeumks sîc iuhbkmjhtkgs j sgmgakrjs k hcssk rjkagbkbj (tìm k mjsmk jstruturk
fësgnk), jhqukhtc cutrks sîc ncmpajtkmjhtj bgijrjhtjs bc C^. Bc pchtc bj vgstk bc jspkåc-
mjhtj bgegtka, tcbks ks rjkagbkbjs, jxnjtc c sgstjmk mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk quj
n`kmkmcs KZM, pcbjrgkm sjr bjsnrgtks ncmc rjkagbkbjs vgrtukgs. C ncmputkbcr jm sg ç
umk rjkagbkbj iuhbkmjhtka, jhqukhtc ks sgmuakåújs rcbkhbc bjhtrc bjaj nchstgtujm
rjkagbkbjs vgrtukgs.
Bc pchtc bj vgstk bc jncssgstjmk irkntka bj jvcauåîc-nchsngìhngk, c ncmputkbcr j sjus
sufnchluhtcs j pjåks icrmkm um vkstc sgstjmk ghtjrnchjntkbc j ghtjrbjpjhbjhtj. Bc
prgmjgrc pchtc bj vgstk, scmcs um prcbutc cu rjsuatkbc bc ncmputkbcr? hc sjeuhbc, scmcs
pkrtj ghtjerkhtj bc ncmputkbcr. Tcrquj k KZM rjprjsjhtk Rubc C [uj Ç, kmfcs cs pchtcs
bj vgstk hîc
pcrquj sîc ncmpktívjgs. Hîcä qujrc
sîc pjrtghjhtjs jxpacrkr bk
ncmprjjhsîc jstks
‑Mygbjgks
Fgemkgs
RCJ”prciuhbkmjhtj
RCJ”. hjstj agvrc,
. Ks vërgks HTMV sîc
bjighgbks j bgsnutgbks hcvkmjhtj hk ^jåîc : (Nkpítuac 2 bc Agvrc >). Rcbcs cs gtjhs kngmk,
fjm ncmc ghicrmkåújs kbgngchkgs j jxpjrgìhngk jm prgmjgrk mîc scfrj jstjs kssuhtcs, jstîc
bgspchívjgs hk HTMV. ^j jstgvjr ghtjrjsskbc, bjvj ncmjåkr k bjsjhvcavjr k nkpkngbkbj bj
knjsskr jstk ghicrmkåîc j jxpjrgmjhtkr k HTMV, vcnì mjsmc. Hîc ç tîc bgiínga ncmc
pcbjrgk pjhskr. ◂
Kpagnkr ghncrrjtkmjhtj pkbrújs bj pjhskmjhtc fgcaþegnc ikmgagkr pcbj tj ajvkr k pjhskr quj
k KZM, k mëqughk bj jvcauåîc jigngjhtj j më ç ghncmpktívja ncm k KZM ghncrpcrkåîc bc
kmcr. KZM hîc ç um tufkrîc. Jak ç nchsngìhngk. C rjsuatkbc jvcautgvc bk nchsngìhngk katkmjhtj
jvcauíbk j bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, ç k nchsngìhngk kmcrcsk. Ä mjbgbk quj vcnì jvcaug suk
nchsngìhngk, vcnì bgmghug suk jhtrcpgk j kumjhtk suk nkpkngbkbj bj kmkr.
C kmcr ç prcbuzgbc, nrgkbc j trkzgbc ä jxgstìhngk pjak kåîc bj umk jigngjhtj j mkavkbk
mëqughk cpjrkhbc hk nchsngìhngk. "Jigngjhtj" gmpagnk jm ctgmgzkr, sjr jigngjhtj, jm um míhgmc
bjspjrbíngc, j fck jnchcmgk j jncacegk - ncmc hcssk prþprgk jigngjhtj Mîj Hkturjzk. "Mkavkbk"
gmpagnk quj rjsuatkbcs cu jxpjrgìhngks jvcautgvks bgsiuhngchkgs, nchtrkprcbunjhtjs cu hîc
aunrktgvks sîc frutkamjhtj jhnjrrkbks kssgm quj suk hîc-aunrktgvgbkbj ç bjtjrmghkbk.
K nchjxîc jhtrj KZM j kmcr ç mjhcs scfrj c quj jak ikz j sjhtj, cu ncmc kej (ncm k
KZM sjhbc ghnchbgngchkamjhtj kmëvja) bc quj ç scfrj k KZM sjr kmcr ghnchbgngchka. C
kmcr, ncmc um ktrgfutc bk jxgstìhngk bk KZM, ç k ichtj bj (j, pcrtkhtc, mkgs iuhbkmjhtka quj)
k jxprjssîc bc kmcr bk KZM pcr mjgc bj sjhtgmjhtcs cu kåújs. [ukhbc hgvjakmcs k
nchsngìhngk KZM ncm fkgxk jhtrcpgk, j fkgxk jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk ncm kmcr, jstkmcs
ikakhbc scfrj k hkturjzk, sufstæhngk j sjr iuhbkmjhtkgs bk KZM, hîc sgmpajsmjhtj suk
jrschkagbkbj.. C kmcr ç k bghæmgnk bj khgmkåîc bk KZM? ç k prcprgjbkbj mkgs skagjhtj bk
jrschkagbkbj
KZM. K KZM ç umk ncgsk-sjr-nchsngìhngk-bgegtka jm jvcauåîc „ nulks kåújs j ghtjhåújs sîc
khgmkbks j mctgvkbks pjac kmcr ghnchbgngchka „ quj ç c mcbc hkturka j jxprjssîc bj umk
nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk.
Ycnì jstë ncmjåkhbc k sj pjreuhtkr ncmc c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka pcbjrgk pcssgvjamjhtj
prcbuzgr umk nrgkåîc tîc ikhtëstgnk3 Gstc hîc ç um pcunc bjmkgs3 Ncmc k rjkagbkbj pcbjrgk sjr
tîc ncmpajxk j jxgstgr jm tka erkhbj jsnkak3 Ycu tj bgzjr ncmc „ `ë um truquj pkrk gstc.
Ncmc k jvcauåîc ghvjstj scmjhtj hcs vjhnjbcrjs, pkrjnj quj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka
icrhjnj nchsgstjhtjmjhtj ks ijrrkmjhtks jxktks quj sîc hjnjssërgks pkrk ikngagtkr k jvcauåîc
fjm-sunjbgbk. Gssc ikz ncm quj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka pkrjåk sjr jxnjpngchkamjhtj
ghtjagejhtj, mks c iktc ç quj kpjhks cs mcvgmjhtcs mkgs ghtjagejhtjs pjrsgstjm jhqukhtc cs
cutrcs sj kutcbjstrcjm. Tjhsj hgssc< ^j vcnì pubjr ikzjr ncm quj suks ika`ks kutcmktgnkmjhtj
bjskpkrjåkm sjm bjgxkr rkstrc, jhqukhtc sjus sunjsscs pjrsgstkm pkrk sjmprj, vcnì knkfkrë
jvjhtukamjhtj (sj vgvjr tjmpc suigngjhtj) pkrjnjhbc ghnrgvjamjhtj frga`khtj, mjsmc quj vcnì sj
mcvk ajhtk j kajktcrgkmjhtj. Cs prcbutcs bk jvcauåîc pkrjnjm sjr ghnrgvjamjhtj ghtjagejhtjs,
mks hîc ignc gmprjssgchkbc. C Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka tjm trkfka`kbc pcr um achec, achec,
achec tjmpc j lë nch`jåc fjm sju jspjrtc truquj quj, nchvjhgjhtjmjhtj, cnuatk sjus bgvjrscs
jrrcs.
KZM jstë ghtjrjsskbk hk ngìhngk bk bghæmgnk bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk - k ngìhngk bk
nrgkåîc bk nchsngìhngk-kmcr. ^gm, `ë umk autk jvcaungchërgk, ekh`kbcrjs j pjrbjbcrjs
jvcaungchërgcs, mks tjh`k jm mjhtj quj gssc jstë cncrrjhbc hc jspkåc-pjhskmjhtc.
jspkåc-pjhskmjhtc. Tjrbjbcrjs
hîc sîc quj

bgekmcs hjnjsskrgkmjhtj
cs ‑Mcngh`cs”jstuprkbcs, skqujkbcs
ekh`jm k bgsputk j vjhbgbcs
hc akfgrghtc ncmcj bjpcgs
bj rktcs jsnrkvcs.
quj Tcr
tcbcsjxjmpac,
cs rktcs
tjh`km ìxgtc, cs khtg-rktcs sjrîc, ajhtk j sjeurkmjhtj nchvjrtgbcs ktç quj tcbcs nchsgekm,
pcrquj jssk ç k hkturjzk bcs rktcs. Tcr cutrc akbc, sj cs khtg-rktcs vjhnjrjm, cs rktcs sjrîc ajhtk
j sjeurkmjhtj jxpacrkbcs, sufluekbcs, kfuskbcs j jxtjrmghkbcs, pcrquj jssk ç k hkturjzk bcs
khtg-rktcs. Fjm, jssk ç jvcauåîc `chjstk, ngìhngk gmpkrngka j nchsngìhngk-kmcr ikzjhbc sju
trkfka`c. Hîc scmcs ghbjpjhbjhtjs bk KZM. Tjhsj hk KZM ncmc um ngjhtgstk-jhejh`jgrc-
igaþscic kmcrcsc, bjskpkgxchkbc, gmpkrngka j ghbjpjhbjhtj< ngìhngk vëagbk j fck ç ijgtk bj
mkhjgrk bjskpkgxchkbk. K KZM ç umk nchsngìhngk jvcautgvk frga`khtj, j ncm um katc hívja bj
nchsngìhngk, quj tjm bj rjscavjr ks ncgsks ncmc hþs tkmfçm ikzjmcs „ j fck ngìhngk ç k ühgnk
mkhjgrk bj ikzì-ac.
Bjgxj bj akbc k gmkejm khtrcpcmþrignk bk KZM nkrrjekhbc umk prkhn`jtk j vjstghbc um
lkajnc frkhnc bj akfcrktþrgc ncm prctjtcrjs bj fcasc „ hîc ç gssc. Jm um sgstjmk kvkhåkbc bj
nchsngìhngk, fck ngìhngk, jvcauåîc fjm-sunjbgbk j k jxpacrkåîc j pcvckmjhtc bcs jstkbcs mkgs
aunrktgvcs, tcbcs sj iuhbjm ncmc umk ühgnk prjssîc mctgvkngchka ncmpajxk quj jmpurrk c
sgstjmk pkrk c kutckpjrijgåckmjhtc. K prjssîc jvcaungchërgk j c prcnjssc ghtjajntuka sj iuhbjm
pkrk sj tcrhkrjm um sþ, jm um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk j nchsngjhtj. Tjhsj hk
KZM ncmc umk "ncgsk-sjr-sgstjmk-nchsngìhngk" jm jvcauåîc (ncm ìhiksj hk pkakvrk "ncgsk")
jm vjz bj um "nkrk-vja`c-ncm-umk-achek-fkrfk-frkhnk-j-jspjssks-scfrkhnja`ks-jm-umk-
tühgnk -frkhnk" (umk tcbk pcbjrcsk vjrsîc bj hþs mjsmcs, quj prcmjtj hcs skavkr j bjrrctkr
hcsscs ghgmgecs, sj nchncrbkrmcs jm kbcrë-ac ncmc rjtcrhc).
▼ Ycnì lë sj pjreuhtcu pcr quj tcbcs cs bjusjs bcs `cmjhs pkrjnjm tjr um icrtj
qujrjr, hjnjssgbkbj, jxpjntktgvks cu bjsjlc bj sjrjm kbcrkbcs3 K cfsjssîc bj sjr kbcrkbc j
qujrjr cu prjngskr quj ks pjsscks pjqujhks "knrjbgtjm jm vcnì" bjvj sjr um rgsnc
cnupkngchka bk bgvghbkbj cu um prç-rjqugsgtc pkrk c trkfka`c. Ycnì hjm sjmprj sj
pjreuhtcu c quj, jxktkmjhtj, cs bjusjs ekh`km pcr sjrjm kbcrkbcs j "knrjbgtkbcs" j c
pcrquì bgssc „ njrtkmjhtj pkrjnj sjr jxtrkcr-bghkrgkmjht
jxtrkcr-bghkrgkmjhtjj gmpcrtkhtj pkrk jajs.
C iktc ç quj c kmcr, k ncmpkgxîc j k ùmgabkbj ghnchbgngchkgs hîc pcbjm tjr
rjqugsgtcs, hjm jec, hjm hjnjssgbkbjs, hjm bjsjlcs, hjm jxpjntktgvks. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj,
hîc nchiuhbk k KZM cu c N`jiîc ncm hjhùm bjus bk trgfc ùmkhk „ k suk hkturjzk
ncmc mkhgijstkåîc sjm jec, bc kmcr ghnchbgngchka, cs bjsqukagignk pkrk c trkfka`c.
Bjvj sjr bgiínga nchsjeugr quj ks pjsscks sj luhtjm k suk crekhgzkåîc j bjjm sju
bgh`jgrc j cfjbgìhngk, sj tubc c quj vcnì a`js bë jm trcnk ç k pjrmgssîc pkrk bjsjhvcavjr k
qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk, k suk prþprgk mkhjgrk j jm sju prþprgc tjmpc (quj ç k ühgnk
mkhjgrk pjak quka um ghbgvíbuc pcbj mja`crkr suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk). Zmk
crekhgzkåîc jspgrgtuka hîc pcbj cijrjnjr mkgs bc quj um jhncrklkmjhtc cnksgchka j hîc
jspjníignc k sjus mjmfrcs, sjm sj tcrhkr um ghgfgbcr bj sju prcerjssc. ◂
▼▼ Jg, tjh`c umk þtgmk gbjgk! Tcr mjgc bjstj c jhncrklc icrtjmjhtj k bjsjhvcavjr
suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk jm sju prþprgc nkmgh`c, tjmpc j auekr, jhtîc vcnì pcbjrgk
pcr ikvcr jhvgkr, bjz pcr njhtc bj suk rjhbk khuka, pkrk c jhbjrjåc bjhtrc bk nkpk bk
irjhtj bjstj agvrc3
J kpjhks pkrk cs mjus nkrcs j kmkbcs ajgtcrjs ikvcrgtcs, umk cijrtk ghtrcbutþrgk
ühgnk j jspjngka bj fòhus< Bjpcgs bj rjnjfjr cs bjz pcr njhtc ncmpajtcs, vcu ghnaugr um
agvrc kutcerkikbc
prþxgmc j um nchluhtc
khc - kfscautkmjhtj bj bczj jhvjacpjs bj bízgmc kutc jhbjrjåkbcs pkrk c
erëtgs!
Jspjrj, kghbk `ë mkgs< um fòhus jxtrk trgpac! Zku! Tcr mjgc bjstj prcmjtc
scajhjmjhtj kqug< ;) bjgxë-ac bcrmgr jm tcbcs cs sëfkbcs j bcmghecs, 6) huhnk tj ikzjr
sjrmújs cu prjekr, cu ikzjr vcnì uskr um tjrhc j erkvktk j >) pjrmgtgr k bjscfjbgìhngk
gagmgtkbk! Hcssk, nkrk, ncmpkrj jssj pknctj ncm cs quj k nchncrrìhngk cijrjnj! Zm
hjeþngc ikhtëstgnc pjak mjtkbj bc prjåc! ◂◂
▼Hîc bjspjrbgnj sju tjmpc cu bgh`jgrc - hîc `ë hjhùm jhbjrjåc bjhtrc bk nkpk bjstj
agvrc. Jstcu kpjhks mj bgvjrtghbc. Vgr bj sg mjsmc hîc ç kpjhks bgvjrtgbc, mks tkmfçm um
fcm rjmçbgc. Rcbc muhbc ecstk bj umk bcsj cnksgchka bj um fcm rjmçbgc, njrtc3
C pchtc ç< c prcnjssc bj jhncrklkr c nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka hîc sj prjstk k sjr
crekhgzkbc. Tjac nchtrërgc, qukhbc umk crekhgzkåîc jspgrgtuka icnkagzkbk sj tcrhk fjm-
sunjbgbk (rjnrutk j mkhtçm umk kmpak qukhtgbkbj bj mjmfrcs), jak ghjvgtkvjamjhtj sj
tcrhk pkrtj bc prcfajmk - ncmjåk k ghgfgr c nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka jm vjz bj ghnjhtgvë-ac.
Jmfcrk k jajvkåîc bk qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk rjqujgrk um prcnjssc ghbgvgbuka, k jajvkåîc
bj fchs sjhtgmjhtcs bjhtrc bj um jec sjeurc rjqujr um prcnjssc erupka.
erupka . Ncmc cs bcgs
prcnjsscs sîc ejrkamjhtj ghncmpktívjgs j bjstrutgvcs jhtrj sg, ç umk fck gbjgk sjr nakrc
scfrj quka prcnjssc mja`cr rjprjsjhtk c sju ghvjstgmjhtc pjsscka jm qukagbkbj bk
nchsngìhngk.. ◂
nchsngìhngk
K fusnk pjak vjrbkbj ktrkvçs bk fck ngìhngk ç umk rkzîc (jhtrj vërgks) pjak quka cs
fgcngjhtgstks ùmkhcs hîc sj kpkgxchkm acunkmjhtj pcr suks fkntçrgks. Zm kpjec
jxnjssgvkmjhtj icrtj bc jec jmcngchka äs fkntçrgks jm suk Taknk bj Tjtrg pcbj ikzjr ncm quj
vcnì sj ghtrcmjtk gmprubjhtjmjhtj j ncmprcmjtk k jxpjrgìhngk. K KZM hîc jst jstëë frghnkh
frghnkhbc
bc hc
akfcrktþrgc?? jstë ikzjhbc ngìhngk rjka j jxpjrgìhngks rjkgs quj kijtkm suk jvcauåîc.
akfcrktþrgc
Jstcu njrtc bj quj k KZM qujr quj cs ‑Mcngh`cs” ekh`jm ekh`jm,, mks bjvj bjgxkr knchtjnjr c
quj tgvjr bj knchtjnjr. Gssc hîc ç nruja cu ghnchsgstjhtj ncm k jhnkrhkåîc bc kmcr. K KZM hîc
tjm um ühgnc cssc-pjhskmjhtc mkavkbc jm tcbc c sju ncrpc-pjhskmjhtc. Ncmc k KZM hîc tj
knchn`jek j hjm tj nkhtk nkhåújs bj hghkr, (quj ( quj ikrgk vcnì sj sjhtgr jspjngka,
jspjngka, supjrgcr j
vkacrgzkbc - tubc xkrcpj pkrk c jec),
jec), hîc sgehgignk quj ç um tufkrîc-mjhtka ghbgijrjhtj j sjm
ncrkåîc quj hîc sj gmpcrtk c quj knchtjnj. K KZM jstë bkhbc k vcnì vcn ì k cpcrtuhgbkbj bj jvcaugr
k suk nchsngìhngk ktrkvçs bk bgsscauåîc ghtjhngchka bj sju jec? jec? njrtkmjhtj vcnì jhtjhbj quj
kagmjhtkr sju jec bkhbc-a`j nchsgbjrkåîc jspjngka sjrgk tjrrgvjamjhtj nchtrkprcbunjhtj. Zm
fcm ngjhtgstk pcbj sj prjcnupkr prciuhbkmjhtj ncm c quj knchtjnj - mks kghbk bjvj nchbuzgr
jxpjrgmjhtcs `chjstcs. Ycnì hîc pcbj jhekhkr k jvcauåîc.jvcauåîc. K aunrktgvgbkbj ç kvkagkbk pcr
rjsuatkbcs,, hîc pcr fcks ghtjhåújs, pcr umk tjcrgk frga`khtj cu pcr rjsuatkbcs prjijrgbcs.
rjsuatkbcs
K KZM ç umk nchsngìhngk cpknk quj jvcaugu pkrk umk frga`khtj nchsngìhngk-kmcr „ quj ç
ncmc k nchsngìhngk pcsgtgvk hkturkamjhtj jvcaug. Ks nrgkturks j sjrjs bj nchsngìhngk bj ghtjhåîc
hjektgvk (mkabcsk) pcbjm jvcaugr scmjhtj pkrk icråk-nchtrcaj-pcbjr
icråk-nchtrca j-pcbjr.. Gssc ç c mkgs bgstkhtj quj
c mka pcbj gr „ c jstkfjajngmjhtc bk icråk-nchtrcaj-pcbjr. Mghgmgzkr k jhtrcpgk ktrkvçs bc

nrjsngmjhtc cu jvcauåîc hc sjhtgbc hjektgvc ç jxtrjmkmjhtj agmgtkbc j rjaktgvkmjhtj ghütga jm
ncmpkrkåîc ncm ks vkhtkejhs cftgbks pcr umk nchsngìhngk jvcaughbc pcsgtgvkmjhtj pkrk k
jxprjssîc bj sg mjsmk ncmc kmcr.
kmcr. Hk TMV, icråk-nchtrcaj-pcbjr ç um jstgac bj vgbk „ um
mctgvkbcr prgmërgc. Jssj iktc bjvjrgk bgzjr k vcnì quj jxgstj mugtk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk
qukagbkbj, hjektgvgbkbj
klubkr k agmpkr j mkabkbj
jssk fkeuhåk ncrrjhbc
ç agmpkr k scatk
k sg jm. hcssk
mjsmc
mjsmc. Ycnì rjkagbkbj
hîc tjm kacnka. K ühgnkbj
`kfgagbkbj mkhjgrk bj
mja`crkr
hgheuçm. Rubc c quj pcbj ikzjr pjacs cutrcs ç bkr cpcrtuhgbkbj pkrk ikzjrjm pcr sg mjsmcs.
Hk jsncak prgmërgk bk TMV bc jspkåc-tjmpc >B, k icråk-nchtrcaj-pcbjr pcbj pkrjnjr sjr um
erkhbj hjeþngc. Tcbj pkrjnjr pkrk mugtcs, ncmc um mjgc supjrgcr pkrk kankhåkr c sunjssc
mktjrgka, j ekh`kr k üatgmk rcbkbk bc lcec "Vjg bk Ncaghk". Hc jhtkhtc, hk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, hc
jspkåc-nchsngìhngk, k icråk-nchtrcaj-pcbjr ç, hk mkgcr pkrtj bc tjmpc, umk gmpuasgchkbcrk bc
jec hc nurtc prkzc, quj ç um erkhbj hjeþngc scmjhtj hk vgzgh`khåk bk ngbkbj bcs khtg-rktcs,
chbj jajs tìm ghiauìhngk. Nchtubc, c hjektgvc pcbj jvjhtukamjhtj scfrjpulkr c pcsgtgvc ncmc
umk ghijnåîc fkntjrgkhk cu um næhnjr pcbj cprgmgr j, jvjhtukamjhtj, mktkr um ùmkhc
sjhngjhtj quj icg umk vjz prcbutgvc, skubëvja j icrtj.
K bcjhåk tjm suk iuhåîc - tkhtc bë ncmc tcmk. Agvrj krfítrgc bjvj ghnaugr k nkpkngbkbj bj
jsnca`jr mka. Jmfcrk umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk pcssk bgmghugr suk jhtrcpgk ktrkvçs bc
nrjsngmjhtc hk bgrjåîc hjektgvk, c nrjsngmjhtc hjektgvc,
hjektgvc, pcr nkusk bj agmgtkåújs hkturkgs, ç
um ghvjstgmjhtc rugm hc achec prkzc.
prkzc. Zm næhnjr iktka, sjm qujrjr, sjmprj knkfk sj mktkhbc
kssgm ncmc k sju `cspjbjgrc. C næhnjr hîc jstë ngjhtj bj quj suk ktgvgbkbj ç kutcbjstrutgvk,
pcrquj jstë prjsc hk krmkbga`k bj suk vgsîc pjqujhk, sjm pjrnjpåîc bc sgstjmk mkgcr. C
`cspjbjgrc, pcr cutrc akbc, vgvjhbc j sjhbc umk pkrtj bjssk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, bjvj tcmkr
nugbkbc pkrk hîc jhncrklkr, cu bjgxkr c næhnjr igrmkr pcsgåîc. Zmk jhtgbkbj nchsngjhtj quj
jsnca`j bgmghugr suk jhtrcpgk nrjsnjhbc hk bgrjåîc hjektgvk, ç ncmc um næhnjr - kutcagmgtkhtj j
kutcbjstrutgvc hc achec prkzc. C mka nchtçm ks sjmjhtjs bj suk prþprgk jstkehkåîc, sjhîc suk
bjstrugåîc. K mja`cr bjijsk pctjhngka bj um `cspjbjgrc ç c nch`jngmjhtc, k vjrbkbj j k
nchsngìhngk bk Ygsîc Kmpak.
^j vcnì icr nugbkbcsc j hîc tgrkr nchnausújs prjngpgtkbks, sjrë aunrktgvc pkrk hþs
nchsgbjrkrmcs k bghæmgnk bk nchsngìhngk ghtjrktgvk. Ncmc ç quj pkngigstks fchbcscs j
fjhjvcajhtjs scfrjvgvjm humk tjrrk sjm ajg3 J sj vcnì ncmjåkr ncm 74% bj pkngigstks, 0% bj
hîc-pkngigstks fësgncs j 6% bj jsnþrgk jecístk j prcpjhsk k vgcaìhngk, quj mjhtj, trkpknjgk,
rcufk j ikz ktç ncgsks pgcrjs3 [ukgs sîc ks tkxks hkturkgs bj scfrjvgvìhngk j nrjsngmjhtc, fjm
ncmc ks tkxks bj nchvjrsîc jhtrj jssjs erupcs3 Cs ghbgvíbucs jm tcbcs cs erupcs sîc bj geuka
tkmkh`c, icråk j ghtjageìhngk. Ncmc sj bkrë k bghæmgnk bjstk jxpjrgìhngk scf vërgks qukhtgbkbjs
j tgpcs bj ajg j kpagnkåújs bk ajg (ajmfrj-sj, cs kejhtjs bk ajg bjvjm sjr nkpkzjs bj sjrjm
vgcajhtcs). Ycu bjgxë-ac n`jekr k suk prþprgk sjhskåîc bjstk bghæmgnk, bks vkrgëvjgs jhvcavgbks,
fjm ncmc bj qukgs pcbjm sj cs prcvëvjgs rjsuatkbcs.
Ju hîc jspjrc quj vcnì bjbuzk ks rjspcstks ighkgs äs pjreuhtks prjnjbjhtjs - pjac mjhcs hîc
`clj. Ju sgmpajsmjhtj bjsjlc nrgkr kaeumk kprjngkåîc bc tgpc j bk ncmpajxgbkbj bks qujstújs
quj um jstubc bk bghæmgnk bk nchsngìhngk ghtjrktgvk bjvj kfcrbkr. C jxjmpac kngmk mka
krrkh`k k supjriíngj bj umk bgsngpaghk, quj cs sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk jm nrjsngmjhtc
prjngskrgkm jxpacrkr, pkrk kssjeurkr suk aunrktgvgbkbj nchtíhuk. Ncmprjjhbjr ncmc ks uhgbkbjs
ghbgvgbukbks j sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk mubkm, jm rjakåîc k ghtjhåîc ghtjrktgvk ghbgvgbuka, ç k
n`kvj bk KZM pkrk ctgmgzkr sju prþprgc nrjsngmjhtc, ktrkvçs bc prcnjssc bjighgbc
khtjrgcrmjhtj ncmc c ngnac bk nchsngìhngk.

Ajmfrj-sj bj hcssk bgsnussîc khtjrgcr hc Nkpítuac 62, Agvrc ;, bj quj k prjssîc jvcautgvk ç
bjrgvkbk, bcs kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhc j jxtjrhc bj umk jhtgbkbj. K nchnausîc bjssk bgsnussîc icg quj
c cfljtgvc jvcautgvc bk nchsngìhngk ç bgmghugr suk jhtrcpgk. Acec, pkrk k nchsngìhngk, k jvcauåîc
fjm-sunjbgbk, c kumjhtc bj qukagbkbj, c kutckpjrijgåckmjhtc, c nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka j c
kumjhtc k nkpkngbkbj bj ghtjrkegr ncm c kmcr, rjprjsjhtkm tcbcs k mjsmk ncgsk. Jssjs
ktrgfutcs, luhtkmjhtj ncm c kumjhtc bk iuhngchkagbkbj j nkpkngbkbj, quj sj knumuakm ncm
mkgs jhjregk bgspchívja pkrk ikzjr trkfka`c (bj hcssk bjighgåîc bj jhtrcpgk, prþxgmc kc mjgc bc
Nkpítuac 62 hc Agvrc ;), sîc krtjiktcs bj umk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk.
K pkrtgr bk agmgtkbk vgsîc bj pjqujhk pjrspjntgvk bk TMV, k iuhngchkagbkbj j nkpkngbkbj
kumjhtkbks quj cncrrjm hkturkamjhtj hk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, pcbjm sjr
jxpjrgmjhtkbks ncmc pcbjr pjsscka, kmcr ghnchbgngchka cu `kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka.
Jsqujåk c quj tj bgssjrkm khtjrgcrmjhtj< k KZM hîc jstë hc pkpja bj sju pkg cu suk mîj j
vcnì hîc jstë hc pkpja bj umk nrgkhåk.
nrgkhåk. K KZM hîc ç rjspchsëvja pcr nugbkr bc sju
nrjsngmjhtc - jak kpjhks tj bë k cpcrtuhgbkbj j rjspchskfgagbkbj bj nrjsnjr pcr sg mjsmc.
mjsmc. Hîc
ç c trkfka`c bk KZM nugbkr bj vcnì - icråë-ac k kprjhbjr j nrjsnjr, j mkhtì-ac icrk bj prcfajmks
cu ikzjr sj sjhtgr nchicrtëvja qukhbc ks ncgsks ignkm bgiínjgs. Kghbk kssgm, k KZM sj prjcnupk,
kmk j kprjngk tubc, pcrquj jssk ç k prcprgjbkbj iuhbkmjhtka bk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk -
mksKhîc ajvj jvcaugu
KZM gstc mugtc
k pjssckamjhtj.
pjssckamjhtj .
nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk ncm agvrj krfítrgc ncmc pkrtj bj sju prþprgc
prcnjssc bj jvcauåîc. C agvrj-krfítrgc tj bë k rjspchskfgagbkbj pkrk sju nrjsngmjhtc j pjrmgtj
quj vcnì jvcauk. ^jm agvrj krfítrgc, hîc `ë ncmc k nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk bgmghugr suk
jhtrcpgk (sj suk mîc jstë ajvkhtkbk, keukrbj, umk bgsnussîc scfrj agvrj krfítrgc, bjtjrmghgsmc,
ghnjrtjzk j kajktcrgjbkbj jm sgstjmks bgegtkgs jstë n`jekhbc hc Nkpítuac ;; bjstj agvrc). K KZM
nchigeurk tubc pkrk klubë-ak k tjr sunjssc j icrhjnj um akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV tcpc bj
agh`k, kfscautkmjhtj erëtgs j ncm ijjbfkno ghtjrktgvc. Kaçm bgssc, sjrjs bk HTMV sîc
bjsgehkbcs pkrk klubë-ac bj tcbks ks icrmks pjrmgtgbks pcr ajg. Jstjs sjrjs jstîc bgrjtkmjhtj
icnkbcs jm vcnì - pkrk pakhjlkr, ghnjhtgvkr j eugkr sju nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka - c nrjsngmjhtc bk
qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk.
Trcijsscrjs (ejrkamjhtj cs "Mcngh`cs" quj lë bcmghkrkm c akfgrghtc rktc-ùmkhc) äs vjzjs
vcatkm ä TMV pkrk klubkr k kpchtkr c nkmgh`c. Hc jhtkhtc, mugtks vjzjs nchsjeugmcs bgaugr,
bgstcrnjr
um mkhtcjbj sufvjrtjr k suk ghstruåîc
bcemk ejrkbc ütga, jhtjrrkhbc
pcr um sgstjmk bj nrjhåk ksjrvgbcr
vjrbkbjbcjssjhngka bj suk mjhskejm
jec j mkhgpuakbcr bc mjbc.scf
Ks ajgs j rjerks quj sîc ghstgtuíbks pjak KZM j kbmghgstrkbks pjac N`jiîc (ks nchbgåújs bc
jxpjrgmjhtc - k nuaturk bk HTMVH) icrhjnjm crbjm j prctjåîc pkrk vcnì hk HTMV H. Hcssc
^gstjmk (C^) ç prcljtkbc pkrk a`j bkr k mëxgmk cpcrtuhgbkbj pkrk tjr sunjssc hks nchbgåújs
bkbks. Äs vjzjs, jmfcrk sjlk rkrc, pcrquj k pcaghgzkåîc nruzkbk ç bjsjhncrklkbk, vcnì pcbj
jsnca`jr um sgstjmk bj rjkagbkbj (um bcs TMVo bjhtrc bk HTMVH, cu bj kaeum bcs cutrcs
HTMVh) katjrhktgvc (hîc C^) bjhtrc bc quka pcbj jvcaugr suk nchsngìhngk. Rubc c quj vcnì
prjngsk pkrk c sunjssc ç ncacnkbc k sjus pçs, tcbk k klubk quj vcnì pcbjrgk uskr aunrktgvkmjhtj
vcnì, mks vcnì tjm quj ikzjr ks jsnca`ks. Ycnì tjm quj jxjnutkr suk ghtjhåîc. K
jstë aë pkrk vcnì,
nchsngìhngk-ncgsk-ngjhtgstk-sjr-kmcr-nchsngìhngk KZM bjmchstrk suk ncmpkgxîc, kmcr j
nkrgh`c, bkhbc-a`j tcbks ks cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk nrjsnjr hk bgrjåîc bj suk jsnca`k.
C jqugaífrgc, k ùmgabkbj, k ncmpkgxîc, k kajergk, k pkz, k trgstjzk, c kmcr j c nkrgh`c, fjm
ncmc c bjsjlc bj jvcaugr, kprjhbjr j nrjsnjr, sîc cs ktrgfutcs hkturkgs bj umk nchsngìhngk
katkmjhtj jvcauíbk j ktjhtk. ^cmcs umk pkrtj ghbgvgbukbk bk nchsngìhngk mkgcr quj icg
rjstrghegbk (ks prctufjræhngks hks bcfrks bc ajhåca KZM), pkrk pksskr pjac mjsmc prcnjssc
jvcautgvc ncmc c tcbc. C vkacr bj nch`jnjr j ncmprjjhbjr ks crgejhs j cs prcnjsscs bk suk
jxgstìhngk, fjm ncmc jstkr ngjhtj bks cpåújs bgspchívjgs j krmkbga`ks quj sj jhnchtrkm bgkhtj
bj vcnì, ç þfvgc. ^kfjr c quj jstë ikzjhbc j pcrquì jstë ikzjhbc bjvjrgk nchtrgfugr
gmjhskmjhtj pkrk k suk nkpkngbkbj bj ikzjr c trkfka`c.
trkfka`c.
Jxgstj kghbk cutrk rkzîc pkrk KZM prcbuzgr j trkfka`kr ncm k nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks. Ä
mjbgbk quj hcssk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka jvcaug, nchtrgfuímcs pkrk k qukagbkbj bj tcbc c sgstjmk
bj nchsngìhngk bc quka ikzjmcs pkrtj. Kssgm, scmcs pkrtj ghtjerkhtj bc prcnjssc jvcautgvc bk
ZM. KZM ghvjstj jm ngìhngk `chjstk, mks hþs, cs rktcs "Mcngh`cs", pkekmcs um bgvgbjhbc
kbgngchka. Kc bgmghugr k jhtrcpgk bj hcssk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, tkmfçm bgmghuímcs k
jhtrcpgk bj tcbc c sgstjmk mkgcr bj nchsngìhngk. Hcssc nrjsngmjhtc ghbgvgbuka rjbuz k jhtrcpgk
bk KZM j klubk k jmpurrkr k KZM kc achec bj sju nkmgh`c jvcautgvc.
^cmcs aunrktgvcs pkrk kaçm bk hcssk nchtrgfugåîc pkrk cs rjsuatkbcs jxpjrgmjhtkgs. Ç pcr
gstc quj rjnjfjmcs mugtk klubk j jhncrklkmjhtc. Jmfcrk hþs rktcs mcngh`cs pcsskmcs
jvjhtukamjhtj sjr ghncrpcrkbcs hk crekhgzkåîc KZM ncmc pkrnjgrcs ghtjerkgs, ks jhtgbkbjs quj
jvcaujm pkrk c akbc hjektgvc jvjhtukamjhtj sîc rjngnakbks (tjm hcvk cpcrtuhgbkbj bj nrjsnjr
hk bgrjåîc pcsgtgvk) cu sîc sgmpajsmjhtj tjrmghkbks.
tjrmghkbks. Ju bgssj quj sjus fjhjiíngcs bj achec
prkzc jrkm pçssgmcs.
Tcr çquj
Ygsîc? umksprcfajmk
jhtgbkbjs ncmum.
tcmkrgkmKsk rctk hjektgvk3
fkntçrgks Tcrquj
bk Taknk bjsîc mícpjs
Tjtrg j hîcghicrmkåújs
rjnjfjm jhtjhbjm k scfrj
Erkhbjc
jxpjrgmjhtc bj quj ikzjm pkrtj3 Huhnk! Tcbjrgk nrgkr um vgçs hcs rjsuatkbcs. Trjngskmcs
jsnchbjr cs prctcncacs j c prcpþsgtc jxpjrgmjhtka bks fkntçrgks3 Hîc, pcrquj ks fkntçrgks hîc
sîc ncehgtgvks hc hívja bcs jxpjrgmjhtkbcrjs, hgheuçm sj prjcnupk ncm gssc.
^jeugr jm bgrjåîc kc ekh`c kpkrjhtj bj nurtc prkzc ç ncmc k mkgcrgk bks jhtgbkbjs
sjhngjhtjs, sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk, cu sjrjs (jm qukaqujr rjkagbkbj cu sgtukåîc) prcnjbjm sj
hîc tìm k qukagbkbj hjnjssërgk j hîc pcssujm k pjrspjntgvk, nkpkngbkbj cu ncmprjjhsîc pkrk
pjrnjfjr k Ygsîc Kmpak. Jstj ç um iktc sgmpajs bk jxgstìhngk. Ycnì nch`jnj kaeuçm cu qukaqujr
jhtgbkbj crekhgzkngchka quj jstë igxkbk hk vgsîc bj nurtc prkzc j hîc tjm pjrnjpåîc bk Ygsîc
Kmpak3 Jspjrj um mghutc, tjh`c mjbc bj ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj tjr ncacnkbc vcnì jm um accp
ghighgtc - huhnk vkg tjrmghkr jssk agstk. Ykmcs pjreuhtkr kc nchtrërgc. Ycnì nch`jnj kaeuçm
(kaçm bj vcnì j ju) cu qukaqujr jhtgbkbj crekhgzkngchka quj hîc jstë igxkbc hk vgsîc bj nurtc
prkzc
^jjkpcssug pjrnjpåîc
jxpjrgìhngk bk Ygsîc
ç scfrj Kmpak3pjrnjptgvk,
nchsngìhngk Kecrk sgm, cjssk ç umkbj
hümjrc agstk nurtk!
pkrtgngpkhtjs quj cftgvjrkm
umk vgsîc nakrk bk Ygsîc Kmpak pcbj mugtc fjm sjr umk mçtrgnk fck pkrk c prcerjssc bk
jxpjrgìhngk. Hcs ç pjrmgtgbc skfjr? tcrhkr-hcs nchsngjhtjs j cpjrkngchkgs bjhtrc bk Ygsîc
Kmpak, rjprjsjhtk umk pkrtj hkturka bc hcssc pctjhngka, quj bjvjríkmcs ikzjr um jsicråc pkrk
rjkagzkr ktrkvçs bc nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka.
Ycnì bjvjrgk pjrnjfjr quj hîc `ë katjrhktgvk, hk vgsîc mkgcr, kc nrjsngmjhtc bk qukagbkbj
bj suk nchsngìhngk,
nchsngìhngk, jxnjtc pjak jvjhtuka tjrmghkåîc. Tkrk kqujajs hk vgsîc jstrjgtk, jstk pkrtj bk
ghicrmkåîc sjrë bjsnchtkbk pcrquj hîc pcbj sjr bjbuzgbk bk pjqujhk vgsîc. Jhtjhbk gstc<
pjqujhks vgsújs bjvjm sjr bjrgvkbks bj vgsújs kmpaks? hîc iuhngchk hc sjhtgbc nchtrërgc. Ycnì
vì pcrquj hîc ç hjnjssërgc kcs jxpjrgmjhtkbcrjs jsnchbjr cs prctcncacs j c prcpþsgtc
jxpjrgmjhtka bks fkntçrgks cu bcs ùmkhcs3 Ygvjr kpjhks hk pjqujhk vgsîc ç gscakmjhtc
suigngjhtj pkrk kssjeurkr quj cs ùmkhcs hc pakhjtk Rjrrk j fkntçrgks hk paknk bj Tjtrg hîc
igqujm nchiuscs cu mctgvkbcs pcr ghicrmkåújs quj jstîc kaçm bk suk ncmprjjhsîc.
K nchsngìhngk ncmpajxk j kutc-ghtjrktgvk pcbj puxkr k sg mjsmk pkrk ngmk pjacs prþprgcs
nkbkråcs, bk mjsmk icrmk quj k nchsngìhngk frga`khtj sj kutc jhjregzk, j gmpuasgchk c prþprgc
bjsjhvcavgmjhtc. K ngìhngk bk KZM jstë icnkbk hk ncmprjjhsîc bcs prcnjsscs jvcautgvcs quj
kijtkm k nchsngìhngk, j tkmfçm jstë icnkbk jm tcrhkr jstjs prcnjsscs tîc jigngjhtjs j prcbutgvcs
c qukhtc pcssívja.
C quj ikzjmcs ncm k cpcrtuhgbkbj bj jvcaugr hcssk nchsngìhngk bjpjhbj ghtjgrkmjhtj bj
hþs. Ç hcssc agvrj-krfítrgc, hcssk kutc-ghtjrkåîc j hcssk ghtjrkåîc ncm cs cutrcs quj nrgk ks
pcssgfgagbkbjs bj kprjhbjr, c quj, pcr suk vjz, nrgk hcssc pctjhngka bj nrjsngmjhtc. Bjvgbc k
hcssk jhtrcpgk rjaktgvkmjhtj katk, scmcs kprjhbgzjs ajhtcs? nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, hcsscs ngnacs bj
kprjhbgzkbc j nrjsngmjhtc sîc prcljtkbcs pkrk knumuakr rjsuatkbcs scfrj müatgpacs pknctjs bj
jxpjrgìhngks..
jxpjrgìhngks
Kaeuhs bj hþs tcrhkm-sj kpëtgncs j níhgncs, pcrquj tjmcs quj nrjsnjr j kprjhbjr pcr nchtk
prþprgk. K KZM hîc ikrë gssc pcr hþs. Ignkmcs grrgtkbcs pcrquj scmcs jecnìhtrgncs j pcrquj
supjrkr umk ikhtksgk qujrgbk j hjnjssërgk, hîc ç hjm iënga, hjm bgvjrtgbc. ^gmpajsmjhtj hîc ç
lustc! KZM hîc grë hcs tcmkr hc ncac j nkhtkr bcnjs nkhåújs bj hghkr pkrk knkamkr hcssks
mjhtjs grkbks j jecs ghiakbcs. Tjhskmcs quj qujrjmcs, prjngskmcs j mjrjnjmcs jssj kpcgc -
c`, ncmc sjhtgmcs ikatk bjssj kpcgc! Mkmîj! Mkmîkj!! Mkkkkmkkkkîj!!!
Tkrjnjhbc nrgkhåks jstrkekbks, ikzjmcs fkrua`c j rjnakmkmcs scfrj hcssks cpåújs,
rjnuskmcs k lcekr c lcec, rjnuskmcs k pkrtgngpkr ktç quj c lcec sjlk mkgs bgvjrtgbc j kerkbëvja
pkrk
krk hþs.
hþs.Ncmc
hþs. sj hcsskquj
Ks nrgkhåks fgrrk icssj icråkr
sj rjnuskm cs pcbjrjs
k nrjsnjr qujmkhtìm
sjmprj jxgstjm kk sjhskåîc
tcrhkr c prcnjssc
bj quj ummkgs iënga
erkhbj
rjfuagåc j fcks bjsnuapks vîc icråkr k vgbk k sjr mkgs ncmpaknjhtj ncm jaks. Ignkm jmfurrkbks,
bjprgmgbks j jm sjeugbk ncm rkgvk, qukhbc cs sjus krrcekhtjs prctjstcs nkjm hc vkzgc.
Vjnuskr-sj k trkfka`kr hc sju nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, pcrquj k suk vgbk hîc ç bgvjrtgbk j n`jgk bj
kajergk, ç ncmc jspkhnkr um fjfì pkrk ikzì-ac pkrkr bj n`crkr - nchtrkprcbunjhtj j
ghnrgvjamjhtj jstüpgbc.
Hîc sjrgk fcm sj sjmprj `cuvjssj umk mîj j um pkg pkrk nugbkr bj vcnì, pkrk ikngagtkr ks
ncgsks pkrk vcnì3 Jstk ncgsk bj sjr kbuatc ç um mku hjeþngc! Zmk n`ktgnj! Cs kbuatcs prjngskm
bj crgjhtkåîc, nchicrtc j rjicråc, mkgs kghbk bc quj ks nrgkhåks, pcrquj ks pjhkagbkbjs j ks
nchsjquìhngks quj cncrrjm kc ncmjtjr jrrcs j kc ikzjr jrrkbc, sîc mkgs erkvjs qukhbc sj ç um
kbuatc.
Hîc▼Kprjsjhtjm-sj
`ë hjnjssgbkbj bjsjh`crks
sjhtgr-sjj kfkhbchkbc
sjh`crjs? kprcxgmjm-sj mkgs,jxgstjm
j scirjr sczgh`c, tjh`c um kncrbc
mugtks pkrk vcnìs!j
crekhgzkåújs
ghbgvíbucs quj ecstkrgkm bj bjsjmpjh`kr c pkpja bj mîj cu pkg pkrk c sju mjbc j suk
nkrìhngk jm vërgcs hívjgs. C hjeþngc ç c sjeughtj< sju jec nchsjeuj ighegr quj vcnì jstë
kagvgkbc bj kaeumk rjspch-skfgagbkbj kbuatk pkrk kbmghgstrkr j bgrgegr suk vgbk, fjm ncmc
kumjhtkr k qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. K sufstgtugåîc pktjrhka ekh`k kaeumk ghiauìhngk j
nchtrcaj scfrj vcnì, sjus rjnurscs j suks bjngsújs kc mjsmc tjmpc jm quj vcnì pjrbj
kaeumk pkrtj bc sju agvrj krfítrgc. Ikåk k suk jsnca`k< um kmgec, um nòhluej, um
jmprjekbcr, umk rjagegîc, umk gerjlk, umk ksscngkåîc, um pkrtgbc pcaítgnc, um naufj, um
erupc bj kpcgc, umk ekheuj, um erupc bj nkrgbkbj cu bj kssgstìhngk scngka - jstcu njrtc bj
quj vcnì pcbj jhnchtrkr umk cu mkgs pjsscks pkrk klubë-ac k nkrrjekr sjus ikrbcs.
Cs irkncs, sjhbc prjsks iënjgs, sjmprj pcbjm jhnchtrkr kaeuçm bgspcstc k cijrjnjr
klubk pcr um bjtjrmghkbc prjåc - kaeuçm cu kaeum erupc quj grë nugbkr bjajs j ikzì-acs sj
sjhtgrjm mja`cr. Rubc c ghbgvíbuc bjvj ikzjr ç trcnkr sju bgh`jgrc j um pjbkåc bj suk kamk
pjak gausîc bj quj grë skfjr ks rjspcstks j cftjr umk pkz bj jspírgtc kumjhtkbk, quj vjm
ncm k bjsnkrek gmkeghërgk bk rjspchskfgagbkbj pjsscka.

pjsscka. Cuåk jssj jec rchrchkr „ knkrgngj-
c, knkrgngj-c, knkrgngj-c. Jssks gausújs, prcprgkmjhtj prcpkekhbjkbks, sjmprj icrkm j
nchtghukm sjhbc fjst-sjaajrs. Mugtks bjaks sîc cfrgektþrgks bj kncrbc ncm cs pkbrújs bj
nkbk nuaturk.
K nchnausîc ç quj cs prjbkbcrjs j cs pkrksgtks pcbjm ekh`kr k vgbk ikngamjhtj
(bgh`jgrc, pcbjr j prjsuhåîc) ktrkvçs bk mkhgpuakåîc bcs mjbcs bkqujajs quj hîc tìm
ncmprjjhsîc bk Ygsîc Kmpak. Jssj iktc trkz ä tchk cutrc ktrgfutc bk gehcræhngk<
gehcræhngk< cs
gehcrkhtjs j mjbrcscs sîc sjmprj vuahjrëvjgs j ikngamjhtj mkhgpuakbcs.
mkhgpuakbcs. Mkhgpuakr cs
nrjhtjs, ghbjpjhbjhtjmjhtj bc quj knrjbgtkm, ç tîc iënga qukhtc kpjakr pkrk bjsjlcs,
hjnjssgbkbjs j mjbcs. Tjreuhtj k qukaqujr vjhbjbcr, pcaítgnc, kbvcekbc cu ncmjrngkhtj -
jajs vîc ekrkhtgr k vjrkngbkbj bjssk bjnakrkåîc. Rjr k ncrkejm j tcmkr c tjmpc, c jsicråc j
k rjspchskfgagbkbj pkrk nkpturkr j bcmkr k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj sîc ks ühgnks ncgsks quj
nch`jåc, quj pcbjm prctjeì-ac bj sjr bcmghkbc pjacs vgekrgstks quj jstîc vjhbjhbc k
Erkhbj Gausîc. Nugbkbc ncm c "Br. ^ghtk-sj Fjm"? suk píauak bk ijagngbkbj j suks
bjsnuapks pktjhtjkbks grîc bgsscavjr sju pcbjr pjsscka.
Hîc mj ghtjrprjtj mka< jhnchtrkr j utgagzkr klubk qukhbc vcnì prjngsk bjak ç umk ncgsk
mkrkvga`csk - fck pkrk tcbcs - mks tcrhkr-sj bjpjhbjhtj,
bjpjhbjhtj, vgngkbc j ghnkpkz bj nrjsnjr kaçm
bjak, ç kaec ncmpajtkmjhtj bgijrjhtj. K bjpjhbìhngk j k ghtjrbjpjhbìhngk pcbjm sjr ütjgs j
erktgignkhtjs bjsbj
nkrìhngk, mjbc, quj cgehcræhngk,
bjsjlcs, sju agvrj-krfítrgc hîc sjlk
gmkturgbkbj rjiçm
j suks j vcnì
nrjhåks. Jmhîc jstjlk
ejrka, prjscquj
kqujajs pcrjstîc
suk
prjscs hîc jstîc nchsngjhtjs bj quj jstîc prjscs - sîc iga`cs pjrpçtucs jm suk mkgcrgk
vghbc bks igajgrks bcs pjssckamjhtj gmpctjhtjs. Hîc nchiuhbk c pjssckamjhtj gmpctjhtj
(katk jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk) ncm cs mktjrgkamjhtj gmpctjhtjs? hîc jstîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj
rjakngchkbcs. Kssumgr rjspchskfgagbkbj pcr suk vgbk ç um fcm auekr pkrk ncmjåkr
ncgsk.
qukaqujr ncgsk.
^j vcnì hîc tjm c quj ç prjngsc, pkrk jhnchtrkr suks prþprgks rjspcstks j tcmkr nchtk bk
jvcauåîc bk prþprgk nchsngìhngk, cutrk pjssck ignkrë ijagz jm prjjhn`jr jssj vkzgc pcr um
prjåc,, quj ç rjkamjhtj mugtc mkgs chjrcsc bc quj pkrjnj. Ncmc nkanuakr c prjåc bj sjr
prjåc
pjec jm umk krmkbga`k bj nrjhåk, jm tjrmcs bj cpcrtuhgbkbjs pjrbgbks, jhtrcpgk ekh`k,
prcerjssc hîc ijgtc, mgsçrgk prcachekbk, cu tjmpc j jhjregk (umk vgbk) bjspjrbgåkbcs3
Nchtubc, vcnì njrtkmjhtj pjrnjfj, quj ç mugtc k sj pkekr pcr umk nurtk gausîc bj prkzjr.
Kaeuçm
mkgcrgk, bksgmkeghk
nuaturks3pcr
K quj ks brceksbc
mjhtkagbkbj rjnrjktgvks
‑sjhtgr-sjsîc kmpakmjhtj
fjm”, pcpuakrjs
uskhbc sjus hk hcssk, j hk
sgstjmks-bj-nrjhåks
quj rjnchicrtkm c jec j suprgmjm c mjbc, icrmkm k fksj scfrj k quka k mkgcrgk bks
nuaturks ç nchstruíbk. Zskr brceks rjnrjktgvks ç sgmpajsmjhtj ikzjr ncm cs hcsscs ncrpcs c
quj ikzjmcs tcbcs cs bgks ncm ks hcssks mjhtjs - jsnkpkr bk rjkagbkbj ktrkvçs bj umk kåîc
jvksgvk njhtrkbk jm umk nrjhåk, jm tcrhc bk gehcræhngk j bc mjbc, j jvgtkhbc k
rjspchskfgagbkbj pjsscka pjac hcssc nrjsngmjhtc jm bgrjåîc ä nchsngìhngk-kmcr.
Nkfuakmcs kuak hc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkejm, k igm bj skgr pkrk nurtgr umk ikhtksgk
bj sjhtgr-sj fjm. K gausîc gmpuasgchkbk pjac jec jstë hk rkgz j hc hünajc bj hcssk
jxgstìhngk - jak bjighj hcssk rjkagbkbj bj pjqujhk vgsîc. Ncmc sjmprj, k mjhtj nchbuz j c
ncrpc sjeuj.
sjeuj. Zskr brceks rjnrjktgvks ç umk nchsjquìhngk bgrjtk bj umk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk gmkturk sj sjhtghbc prjsk pjak khsgjbkbj, pjak ghsjeurkhåk j pjac mjbc, quj ç
nrgkbc pcr suks prþprgks agmgtkåújs. Nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk qukagbkbj j usc bj brceks
jhncrklkm um kc cutrc.
Zmk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk qukagbkbj usk nrjhåk, hjekåîc j ciusnkåîc bc jec pkrk
jsnkpkr k khsgjbkbj, ghsjeurkhåk j kc mjbc. Cs ghbgvíbucs hk TMV uskm brceks rjnrjktgvks

pkrk ikzjr k mjsmk ncgsk. Ç surprjsk quj k nuaturk bks brceks ktrkgk prghngpkamjhtj lcvjhs,
quj tìm sgstjmks bj jhtrcpgk rjaktgvkmjhtj katk, fjm ncmc kbuatcs quj sj sjhtjm
irknksskbcs j ghkbjqukbcs3 Ncmc nuaturk j ncmc ghbgvíbucs, jxprjsskmcs k qukagbkbj bj
hcssk nchsngìhngk bj mugtks icrmks, mks sjmprj ncm kfscautk prjngsîc. ^cmcs c quj
scmcs. Nrjhåk, jec j ikhtksgk pcr bjhtrc „ brceks rjnrjktgvks pcr icrk „ bgijrjhtjs
mjtcbcacegks bj jsnkpj,
jsnkpj, mks jxprjssújs sjmja`khtjs bk mjsmk ikatk bj qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk.
Tkrk jagmghkr c kfusc bks brceks, umk nuaturk bjvj jajvkr suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk
ncajtgvk. Gssc sþ pcbj sjr rjkagzkbc hc hívja ghbgvgbuka
ghbgvgbuka.. [ukaqujr mja`crgk ijgtk pcr
ghbgvíbucs bjhtrc bk nuaturk jajvk c hívja bk qukagbkbj bc tcbc j ncmjåk k rjscavjr c
prcfajmk.. Ycnì bjvj rjscavjr cs prcfajmks bj suk nuaturk pjssckamjhtj. Hgheuçm pcbj
prcfajmk
ikzjr gssc mkgs bc quj vcnì.
vcnì. Knrjbgtkr quj gstc ç um prcfajmk quj cutrk pjssck tjm quj
rjscavjr, mkgs bc quj vcnì mjsmc, ikz ncm quj vcnì sj tcrhj pkrtj bc prcfajmk.
prcfajmk. Ycnì hîc
pcbj ikzjr hkbk kaçm bj mja`crkr k sg. Ijagzmjhtj, jstk ühgnk rjkagzkåîc nchstgtug k suk
nchtrgfugåîc gbjka. ◂
Nrjsnjr ç bgiínga. Äs vjzjs ignkmcs tîc jhvcatcs hc mjbc, bjsjlcs, nkrìhngks j hjnjssgbkbjs
bc hcsscj jec,
prþprgk quj gehcræhngk.
tjrrívja hîc tjhtkmcs, cu hcssj
"Vëpgbc, prjcnupkmcs ncm hkbk
jhigj kqug, vcnì pcbjksjhîc sjr hcs hjstk
jsnchbjr jsnchbjr, bj hcssk
ikhtksgk", bgz
um jec ütga. Zik, fjm k tjmpc! C pjqujhc ùmkhc bjskmpkrkbc, jhnca`gbc, trjmjhbc,
mgsjrëvja j ghijagz - prjsc jm um nkhtgh`c bj suk mjhtj, pcr suk ikhtksgk bc sgstjmk-nrjhåk-
mjbc-jec. Ç bkí quj vjm k pkrtj trgstjzk bc kmcr.
Tkrk pgcrkr ks ncgsks, jhqukhtc jssj sjr ùmkhc nkrjhtj jstgvjr hc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc
TMV, c pcfrj nkmkrkbk gmkeghk quj suk jxgstìhngk j fjm-jstkr bjrgvkm bj j sîc kpcgkbcs, pcr
um mkehíignc irkhec bj fcrrkn`k (vjlk c Nkpítuac 6; bc Agvrc ;). Tcr jstk rkzîc, mugtks vjzjs
jaj sj rjnusk (kpjhks jhqukhtc jstë hk TMV) k uskr k klubk quj ç icnkbk, nccrbjhkbk j prcljtkbk
bk pkrtj HTMVH bc C^ pkrk k TMV, pkrk kpcgkr suk jvcauåîc bjhtrc bk rjkagbkbj kmcrcsk j
scagbërgk hk quka jaj rjkamjhtj jxgstj.
jxgstj. Zmk vgbk eugkbk pjac mjbc, vgvgbk bj bjhtrc bk nchn`k
bk ikhtksgk prctjtcrk bc jec,
jec, ç mugtks vjzjs jxgejhtj, ncmpagnkbk, bcacrcsk, kechgzkhtjmjhtj
supjrigngka j hîc mugtc bgvjrtgbk cu n`jgk bj kajergk, kmcr j pkz. Tcfrj rkpkz - kfrkåkbc ncm sju
irkhec hk jsnurgbîc hîc gaumghkbk? tjhtkhbc supjrkr cs tjmpcs bgiínjgs quj sju jec hjnjssgtkbc
nrgcu sjm skfjr.
Nrjsngmjhtc rjqujr um jsicråc icnkbc j jstj ghijagz rktc-ùmkhc hîc tjm c tjmpc cu
jhjregk hjnjssërgcs pcrquj jstë prjcnupkbc jm mkhtjr suks gausújs. Ghijagzmjhtj, k
mkxgmgzkåîc bc sjhtgr-sj fjm (prghngpkamjhtj knkrgngkhbc c jec) j k mghgmgzkåîc bk bcr
(nchstrugr j mkhtjr umk fck ikhtksgk quj iuhngchj) ç mkgs bc quj um trkfka`c jm tjmpc
ghtjerka. ^j jstj sjr hîc jsnkpkr bjstk krmkbga`k, grë ncm c tjmpc (ncm k gbkbj), knkfkr jm umk
pjrsjeugåîc sjm igm j kutcpjrpjtukhtj bj suk prþprgk nkubk, quj cu ktghej um jstkbc
kncmcbkbc jstëvja, cu nchstkhtjmjhtj pjrbj tjrrjhc. K jspjrkhåk ç quj um bgk kncrbkrë j
pjrnjfjrë, quj `ë mkgs hk suk jxgstìhngk bc quj kpjhks vgvjr, j quj k qujstîc ç k qukagbkbj, hîc
c nchicrtc cu pcbjr.
pcbjr.
^j vcnì nch`jnj kaeuçm jm umk sgtukåîc ncmc jstk, pcr ikvcr, sjlk ejhtga, jmpëtgnc j
prjstktgvc ncm jajs. Icrkm pjecs jm umk krmkbga`k (mugtcs hksnjrkm jm nktgvjgrc j hîc
nch`jnjm hkbk mkgs) j mjrjnjm k suk pkngìhngk j ncmpkgxîc. Jssjs rktcs bj akfgrghtcs hîc sîc
furrcs „ kpjhks jstîc nchiuscs j njecs pcr sjus sgstjmks bj nrjhåk.
nrjhåk. C quj vcnì bjvj ikzjr pkrk
klubkr3 Kmj-cs j bjgxj jstkrjm „ knkfkrîc jvjhtukamjhtj bjsncfrghbc (jxpagnkr mugtks vjzjs
knkfk nchiuhbghbc kghbk mkgs). Kpjhks kmj-cs j bjgxj jstkrjm - j jvcauk suk nchsngìhngk hk
pcssívja. Bjstk icrmk, sj scagngtkbc, vcnì pcbj kpchtkr cpcrtuhgbkbjs j cpåújs
mkgcr jxtjhsîc pcssívja.
hîc vgstks bj umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs jqugagfrkbk j mjhcs bgrgegbk pjac jec, sjrvgr ncmc um fcm
jxjmpac j icrhjnjr ghnjhtgvc ktrkvçs bk prcvk vgvk bj quj c sunjssc ç pcssívja.
pcssívja . Gssc ç tubc c quj
vcnì pcbj ikzjr pkrk klubkr.
▤▤▤
;4 (22)
[uka ç c Tchtc3 (Tkrk [uj Rubc Gstc3)
þs, nrgkåújs bk KZM, scmcs k ichtj bj suk ijagngbkbj j trgstjzk. Jvcauímcs hcssc
H
pjbkåc bj nchsngìhngk fësgnc pjak rjbuåîc bj suk jhtrcpgk j kumjhtc bj suk qukagbkbj. Ä
mjbgbk quj bjgxkmcs nkgr ks gausújs bc jec, hcs tcrhkmcs mkgs ncmc k KZM „ k ghncrpcrkåîc
bc kmcr j bc nugbkbc. Jstj ç hcssc cfljtgvc j prcpþsgtc
prcpþsgtc.. Ncmjåkmcs jstk vgkejm ncmc um
pjbkåc ghbgvgbukagzkbc bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka ncm ncmpajxgbkbj, mjmþrgk, j nkpkngbkbj bj
prcnjsskmjhtc suigngjhtjs pkrk jvcaugr k hþs mjsmcs, k pkrtgr bj umk nchsngìhngk rjaktgvkmjhtj
cpknk bj katk jhtrcpgk, pkrk umk ghncrpcrkåîc bc kmcr frga`khtj j bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk. Hcs tjrmcs
mkgs sgmpajs pcssívjgs, sjeugrjmcs cs pksscs jvcaungchërgcs bk KZC-KZM.
Tkrk ktghegr gstc, hcs icrkm bkbcs bcgs ktrgfutcs. ‑Trgmjgrc”, scmcs ghbgvgbukagzkbcs ä
mjbgbk j pksskmcs k jxgstgr „ um pjqujhc pjbkngh`c bc `cacerkmk KZM „ umk suf-rctghk cu
cfljtc bjighgbc rcbkhbc sju prþprgc pjbkåc bj jspkåc-mjhtj bjhtrc bc RFN „ umk pkrtj bc
irkntka bj jvcauåîc-nchsngìhngk bk Ygsîc Kmpak quj nchtçm c pkbrîc bc tcbc.
tcbc. ‑^jeuhbc”, hcs ç
bkbcKagvrj krfítrgc
jvcauåîc bj bj icrmk
hcssc quj k jvcauåîc
irkemjhtc pjsscka (nrjsngmjhtc)
bj nchsngìhngksjlk pcssívja.
ç bgrjtk j jxnausgvkmjhtj fksjkbk hks
jsnca`ks ghbgvgbukgs quj ikzjmcs.
ikzjmcs. Jxgstgmcs, cpjrkmcs, ghtjrkegmcs j jvcauímcs
ghbgvgbukamjhtj (hcs mcbgignkmcs pkrk cnupkr jstkbcs mkgs fkgxcs bj jhtrcpgk) tubc bjhtrc bk
gmjhsk mjhtj bgegtka quj ç nchsngìhngk.
Iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj, scmcs nchsngìhngk
nchsngìhngk.. K jvcauåîc bj hcssk uhgbkbj ghbgvgbuka bj
nchsngìhngk ç c pchtc (c pcrquì bk hcssk jxgstìhngk). Ç kssgm quj crekhgsmc nchsngìhngk bk
ncgsk-mjhtj-bgegtka-KZM scfrjvgvj j nrjsnj. Ç kssgm quj c jncssgstjmk-jhjregk-nchsngìhngk-
iuhbkmjhtka jvcaug, rjbuz suk jhtrcpgk j jvgtk jstkehkåîc, rjerjssîc (kumjhtc bk jhtrcpgk) j
bgsscauåîc (mcrtj).
C Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka rjqujr quj sgstjmks jm jvcauåîc, hc achec prkzc, nrjsåkm cu
mcrrkm. Rjhtkr pjrmkhjnjr mkreghkamjhtj vgëvja, jqugagfrkbc jm um jstkbc hîc jstëvja jhtrj
cs bcgs kç jhtrcpgk
rjbuzgr pçssgmk mçbgk,
jstrktçegk. C bj
bjhtrc prjåc
um jvjhtuka bj hîc jmprjekr
sgstjmk nchsngìhngk nchtghukmjhtj
ç pjrmgtgr jsicråc
quj k jhtrcpgk pkrk
kumjhtj,
kssjeurkhbc kssgm umk jvjhtuka bjsghtjerkåîc. Ycnì ç pkrtj bj tka sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk. Ycnì
ç pkrtj bj jstrktçegk bjaj pkrk scfrjvgvjr ktrkvçs bc nrjsngmjhtc j jvcauåîc nchtíhucs. Ycnì ç
jaj. Jaj ç vcnì.
vcnì. Rubc C [uj Ç, ç bc Zhc. Zm crekhgsmc bj nchsngìhngk. Zm jncssgstjmk
kutcnchsngjhtj jhjreçtgnc. Rcbcs vgvjm cu mcrrjm, tjm ìxgtc cu ika`km, jm nchluhtc.
Tcr quj um3 Tcr quj hîc umk mkhkbk bj KZMcsskurcs trcvckhbc ktrkvçs bks pakhíngjs
mjhtkgs bj jxgstìhngk quksj ghighgtk3 Tcrquj um ç c suigngjhtj pkrk bjsjhvcavjr umk ‑Fge
‑Fge RCJ”
RCJ”
ncmpajtkmjhtj kmpak (pjak hcssk pjrspjntgvk)? kaçm bgstc, ncmc um ngjhtgstk, kprjngc k nchjxîc
jhtrj vjrbkbj iuhbkmjhtka j sgmpagngbkbj jajekhtj, jvgtkhbc kssgm ncmpagnkåújs bjshjnjssërgks
quj hîc kbgngchkm hkbk. Zmk KZM ighgtk, mks kpkrjhtjmjhtj ghighgtk ç c suigngjhtj. C quj
jxgstj kaçm bk KZM ighgtk j uhgtërgk pcbj sjr ghbgrjtkmjhtj mugtc gmpcrtkhtj pkrk hcssk
jxgstìhngk, mks kghbk kssgm ignk kaçm j ç, pcrtkhtc, grrjajvkhtj pkrk k rjkagbkbj mkgcr quj
pcbjmcs ncmprjjhbjr, qujr sjlk jm tjcrgk cu hk prëtgnk.
Ncmprjjhbj kecrk pcrquì cs jxpjrgmjhtcs jm jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk sîc gmpcrtkhtjs pkrk
k KZM3 Kecrk vì pcr quj ç vgtkamjhtj gmpcrtkhtj pkrk vcnì, pkrk mgm j pkrk qukaqujr cutrc
pjbkåc bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk quj vcnì kprjhbk, nrjsåk j mja`crj k qukagbkbj bj suk
nchsngìhngk33 Jstkmcs tcbcs luhtcs hgstc? tcbcs scmcs pkrtj bc tcbc. C tcbc prcspjrk ktrkvçs bks
nchsngìhngk
nchtrgfugåújs bj suks pkrtjs. Nrjsåk cu sj kutcbjstruk „ jstk ç k jsnca`k sgmpajs j k vjrbkbj
iuhbkmjhtka tkhtc hk pjqujhk ncmc hk Kmpak Ygsîc. Ycnì ghbgvgbukamjhtj, lustc kecrk, hjstj
mghutc, cu ç pkrtj sj
vkg jvjhtukamjhtj bctcrhkr
prcfajmk
umkcu pkrtj
icråk bkcu
vgtka scauåîc<
mcrtka ^ju
pkrkprcerjssc numuaktgvc,
vcnì mjsmc, cu cs
pkrk tcbcs k ikatk bjaj,j
bjmkgs
pkrk c crekhgsmc bj nchsngìhngk vgvk quj `cspjbk suk jxgstìhngk.
@ë um pchtc j um prcpþsgtc pkrk suk jxgstìhngk
jxgstìhngk.. Ycnì tjm umk mgssîc. [uj suk
nchsngìhngk tjh`k pctjhngka pkrk jvcaugr, bjmkhbk quj vcnì tjh`k agvrj krfítrgc. K igm bj quj
pcssk tjr sunjssc, k KZM prjngsk pjrmgtgr quj vcnì ika`j. Jak hîc tjm jsnca`k. Tkrk scfrjvgvjr,
vcnì prjngsk krrgsnkr k mcrtj „ c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka hîc vkg, hjm pcbj iuhngchkr bj
hjhùmk cutrk icrmk. K ghgngktgvk bjvj sjr suk j kpjhks suk. ^ju nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka hîc ç
umk ktgvgbkbj jm erupc „ ç umk trkhsicrmkåîc pjsscka nchsjeugbk kpjhks jm tjrmcs pjssckgs.
Hjhùm erupc cu ksscngkåîc pcbj fkgxkr k jhtrcpgk (kumjhtkr k qukagbkbj) bj suk nchsngìhngk
pjsscka hk mkgs íhigmk qukhtgbkbj.
Nkbk nchtrgfugåîc ghbgvgbuka, kghbk quj pjqujhk, ç vgtka pkrk k skübj, fjm-jstkr j
nchtghugbkbj bc tcbc. Ycnì ç c nchtrgfughtj j fjhjigngërgc bk suk nchtrgfugåîc tkhtc hk pjqujhk
vgsîc ncmc hk Ygsîc Kmpak. K rjkagbkbj suprjmk ç um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk vgvk, cu um
crekhgsmc bj nchsngìhngk bc quka vcnì ç umk pkrtj. Yjr k Ygsîc Kmpak pcbj sjr
ghtjajntukamjhtj ktghegbc, pjac jhtjhbgmjhtc bk igacscigk j ngìhngk bk nchsngìhngk, j bc ncmc j
pcr quj c sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk iuhngchk. Nchtrgfugr pkrk k skübj bk Ygsîc Kmpak vkg
hjnjssgtkr mkgs bc quj um jsicråc ghtjajntuka.
▼Icg trkzgbc k mgh`k ktjhåîc quj kaeuhs bcs tgpcs tjnhþigacs hk kubgìhngk bj ajgturk lë
ktghegu c agmgtj ncm tcbk jstk igacsþignk, chtcacegk, jpgstjmcacegk j mjtkiísgnk. [ujrjm
skfjr qukhbc vkmcs n`jekr ks ncgsks gmpcrtkhtjs „ k ngìhngk rjka agh`k burk quj rjkamjhtj
gmpcrtk. Tkngìhngk, nkrcs grmîcs bj rcupk ghicrmka< K igacscigk bjvj prgmjgrc bjsjhvcavjr
c nchtjxtc, khtjs quj k ngìhngk pcssk jijtgvkmjhtj bjsjhvcavjr c nchtjübc. Nchtjübc sjm
nchtjxtc sj pghtk jm um nkhtc bk pjqujhk vgsîc. Ç kí quj k ngìhngk trkbgngchka jstë kecrk, j
ç pcr gstc quj suk prcnurk pcr umk tjcrgk uhgignkbk jstë jstkehkbk. Tkrk jsnkpkr bc Bgsnc bj
Tjtrg TMV, vcnì prjngsk jvjhtukamjhtj vgr k jhtjhbjr, quj ç mkgs quj um nchluhtc-bj-
rjerks (NbV), mkgs quj umk mëqughk sjm mjhtj. ◂
Ycnì jstë hjstj nkmgh`c-nrjsngmjhtc qujr skgfk cu hîc „ um nkmgh`c quj icg kfjrtc pjak
KZC-KZM „ c nkmgh`c bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. K TMV ç hkbk mkgs quj um kmfgjhtj
vgrtuka jspjngkamjhtj nrgkbc pkrk ikngagtkr sju (j bcs cutrcs) prcerjssc jvcaungchërgc? nchsgbjrj-c
ncmc tjrkpgk jm erupc pkrk nchsngìhngks pcunc aumghcsks. Jxpagnkrjg ncmc gstc iuhngchk jm
bjtka`js, hks ^jåújs 2 j :.
Hcssc cfljtgvc3 Hcssc prcpþsgtc3 Tcr quj bjvjríkmcs hcs prjcnupkr3 ^j scmcs nrgkåújs bk
KZM j jak ç (ncmpkrkbk nchcsnc) k jpítcmj bk nchsngìhngk kpjrijgåckbk, pcrquj jstkmcs
rjvcavjhbc pcr kí ncmc umk nkmfkbk prç-jsnc-akrjs kutcnjhtrkbcs eugkbcs pjac jec,
ncmpajtkmjhtj pjrbgbcs, hc mjgc
pcbjmcs jstkr ncm-trgfughbc bj umk
bj icrmk uhgvjrsgbkbj
sgehgignkhtj kvkhåkbk kbgngchka
pkrk jvcauåîc bj jvcauåîc supjrgcr3
bk KZM3 TcrNcmc
quj k
KZM prjngsk bj hþs „ pkrk sj bgvjrtgr3 ^jrë quj scmcs k vjrsîc jm nkrfchc bc ‑Bchojy Oche”
cu bc ‑Oghe ci t`j @gaa”, ncm vjrsîc bj rjkagbkbj vgrtuka `cacerëignk >B3 ^jrë quj jstk gbjgk tj
bgvjrtj tkhtc qukhtc k mgm3
Hîc sj prjcnupj ncm gstc. Jstks qujstújs sîc c rjsuatkbc bj nkgr jm cutrk krmkbga`k
khtrcpcmþrignk. Rjmc quj tjh`k krmkbc pkrk vcnì nkgr hjstk, pcr tjr mj rjijrgbc k hcssk
nchsngìhngk rjaktgvkmjhtj k nchsngìhngk bk KZM. Hîc tjmcs ncmc klubkr k agheukejm pcr quj
prjngskmcs nchsgbjrkr
(jvcaugr). Kssgm, k hþs
ikakmcs mjsmcs
ncmc ncmcj ghbgvíbucs
sj KZM k igm
hþs icssjmcs bj sjpkrkbcs
sjrjs nchnjfjr j(‑Tkrk
ghgngkrquj
k kutcmja`crgk
k KZM vkg
prjngskr bj hþs”3). Hîc ç jstj c nksc. ^cmcs k KZM, j k KZM ç hþs hþs..
Rjh`k jm mjhtj quj k KZM jxgstj j jvcaug pcrquj bgijrjhngk jstkbcs ühgncs bjhtrc bj suk
uhgngbkbj „ nrgkhbc bukagbkbjs cu mubkhåks rjaktgvks kc sju ju uhgicrmj „ crekhgzkhbc suk
pctjhngkagbkbj pkrk jsprjmjr k jhtrcpgk pkrk icrk bj sju sgstjmk. Bukagbkbjs sj tcrhkm nçauaks
bj rjkagbkbj kcs zga`újs, bks qukgs RFN (C Erkhbj Ncmputkbcr) icg nrgkbc, j hþs icmcs
ghbgvgbukagzkbcs. ^cmcs pkrtj j pkrnjak bk KZM „ umk nchsngìhngk bgegtka njauakr, quj
jvjhtukamjhtj bjighgu c sufnchluhtc jspkåc-tjmpc, quj prcvì k jstruturk nkuska pkrk hcssk
jxpjrgìhngk iísgnk, bjighj hcssc uhgvjrsc iísgnc j hcssc sgstjmk ejrka bj rjkagbkbj acnka (C^). (K
^jåîc 2 icrhjnj k fksj aþegnk quj ajvk k jstk nchnausîc j k ^jåîc : jxpagnk ncmc iuhngchk).
^j vcnì ç n`jekbc jm irksjs nurtks bj jijgtc, ncm k ichtj, tjhtj jstks< ‑^cmcs um ncm
KZM”. ‑KZM ç k Ichtj Ühgnk, c Nrgkbcr bj Rubc C [uj Ç”. ‑KZM ç kmcr”. Jstcu njrtc bj
quj pcbjrë pjhskr jm mugtks cutrks, mks jaks sîc irjqujhtjmjhtj jhekhkbcrks jm suk frjvgbkbj
j usukamjhtj nrgkbks pkrk jhtrjekr gmpkntc jmcngchka. Jstj tgpc bj irksj ç mja`cr uskbc pkrk
sjrvgr k bjmkecegk j hîc ikz fck ncmuhgnkåîc. Vjsgstk k trkhsicrmkr nch`jngmjhtc jm sacekhs.
▼Bk mjsmk icrmk, rjsgstk k tjhtktgvk bcs usuërgcs bj sacekhs pkrk bjsagzkr mugtc
psjubcnch`jngmjhtc pkrk bjhtrc bk mjhtj. ^jm sacekhs, pcaítgncs sjrgkm icråkbcs k
jxprjsskr pjhskmjhtcs rjkgs, jm vjz bj kpjhks ktgrkr uhs hcs cutrcs ncm muhgåîc bj irksjs
ijgtks. Nchsjeuj gmkeghkr um pcaítgnc sjm irksjs bj jijgtc nkrrjekbks bj jmcåújs? pcbj
gmkeghkr um pcaítgnc sjm hkbk pkrk bgzjr3
Rjh`k jm mjhtj quj um pcaítgnc, ncmc qukaqujr cutrc mkrqujtjgrc, jstë ghtjrjsskbc hk
mkhgpuakåîc bj cpghgîc j ncmpcrtkmjhtc, hîc jm ncmuhgnkr ghicrmkåîc. Jm ejrka, hîc
fusquj pjak vjrbkbj hc ncherjssc, skaks bj luaekmjhtc cu jm prcpkekhbk, ktrës bj um
ajgtcrga cu püapgtc, cu hk RY. Ghbjpjhbjhtj bj quka pcssk sjr k míbgk, sj c pkajstrkhtj (cu
jsnrgtcr) tjm um prcbutc cu pchtc bj vgstk quj jstë tjhtkhbc vjhbjr, jaj jstë ikzjhbc
mkrojtghe pkrk nkpturkr suk cpghgîc, hîc tjhtkhbc bkr ghicrmkåîc pkrk sju fjhjiíngc. Ncmc
sjmprj, njtgngsmc bj mjhtj kfjrtk kpagnkbc k sjus prþprgcs bkbcs rjscavj c prcfajmk, mks
vcnì prjngsk gr aë icrk j cftjr bkbcs, khtjs quj nchnausújs tjhtktgvks pcsskm sj tcrhkr rjkgs.
◂
^cmcs pkrtj ghtjerka bc sgstjmk mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk. Hîc bjgxj sjus sjhtgbcs ghktcs
bj kutc gmpcrtæhngk tj kutcrgzkrjm k bjsnkrtkr c iktc bj scmcs kpjhks umk pkrtj mjhcr bjstj
sgstjmk. ^jr umk pjqujhk pkrtj bc tcbc hîc bgz hkbk scfrj gmpcrtæhngk rjaktgvk? sjm qukaqujr
büvgbk, k hcåîc bj gmpcrtæhngk rjaktgvk bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk ç umk ghvjhåîc bj
um jec nkrjhtj.
Huhnk grgkmcs sjqujr pjhskr jm krrkhnkr icrk hcssc nþach j khus pcrquj jajs hîc pcbjm,
qujr ghbgvgbukamjhtj cu jm ncmfghkåîc, ghgngkr j mkhtjr nchvjrskåújs pcagbks ä mjsk. Jstk hîc
ç k iuhåîc bjajs. Kaeuhs pcbjrgkm nchsgbjrk-acs ncmc pkrtjs ghbjsjlëvjgs, mks gstc sjrgk
jstüpgbc. ûk iuhåîc ç tîc gmpcrtkhtj j nrítgnk ncmc k iuhåîc bks cutrks pkrtjs bc hcssc sgstjmk
iísgnc. Jajs sîc umk pkrtj ghtjerka bj hþs. ^cmcs umk pkrtj ghtjerka bk KZM. Hîc jxgstj
lustgignktgvk pkrk sj sjhtgr, qujr sjlk jspjngka cu hîc jspjngka, pcr nkusk bk pkrtj quj vcnì
rjprjsjhtk.
Nchsgbjrj quîc gmpcrtkhtj ç quj nçauaks, tjngbcs, þreîcs j cutrks pkrtjs bc ncmpajxc sgstjmk
fgcaþegnc
prcpþsgtc, quj
sjm n`kmkmcs hcssc
sj prjcnupkr ncm ncrpc, jxjnutjm
c quj vîc ekh`krsuks
ncmmgssújs ghbgvgbukgs
gstc. J sj j prjjhn`km
c sju iíekbc, ncrkåîc cusjuk
fkntçrgk hc ghtjstghc, jm umk bgspcsgåîc pkrk prjeugåk j kutc gmpcrtæhngk, ejrkbk pcr hîc jstkr k
pkr bk vgsîc kmpak, nchnauíssj quj sju jsicråc nchstkhtj nkusk mugtc prcfajmk j bjngbgssj
vkekfuhbjkr3 Yjlk c pchtc< ^j nkbk pkrtj hîc prjjhn`j sju prcpþsgtc, c ^gstjmk ghtjgrc scirj j
tkavjz mcrrk. ^ju rjakngchkmjhtc ncm c tcbc bk nchsngìhngk ç kssgm. Kghbk quj c nch`jngmjhtc
(ghicrmkåîc) prcspjrj hk sjpkrktgvgbkbj, k skfjbcrgk vì k sg prþprgk ncmc pkrtj bj um tcbc.
Ykmcs vjr kaeuhs jxjmpacs bj jhtgbkbjs quj hîc sj rjakngchkm ncm c tcbc, quj hîc
jhtjhbjm c sgstjmk mkgs kmpac quj ks sustjhtkm „ quj vgvjm bjhtrc bj umk vgsîc jstrjgtk. Hc
rjghc bk fgcacegk tjmcs cs næhnjrjs mkagehcs, pkrksgtks quj bjstrcjm sjus `cspjbjgrcs j pjsscks
quj, jm umk gmgtkåîc fjm nchvghnjhtj bj um næhnjr cu pkrksgtk, kfuskm bj sju hgn`c hc
sgstjmk (jncaþegnc) mkgs kmpac bj qukaqujr icrmk pcssívja, fusnkhbc kpjhks mkxgmgzkr sju
ekh`c pjsscka hc nurtc prkzc.
Hc rjghc bk nchsngìhngk, umk vjz mkgs, sîc pjsscks quj pkrjnjm tjr bgignuabkbjs jm
nkptkr k Ygsîc Kmpak. Tjrnjfj k nchsgstìhngk jm ncmpcrtkmjhtc kqug, quj hcs bgz kaec scfrj
hþs mjsmcs3 ^j ks pjsscks ncmprjjhbjssjm k Ygsîc Kmpak, kpjhks bjhtrc bj sju sgstjmk
iísgnc, lë sjrgk þfvgc j ekh`krgk sju mkgcr rjspjgtc pcssívja. Grgkm hkturkamjhtj vjr k sg mjsmks
k tcbcs cs cutrcs (ùmkhcs cu cutrcs) ncmc pkrnjgrcs ncmpajtcs jm umk jxpjrgìhngk bj
jxgstìhngk ncmpkrtga`kbk.
^j c næhnjr, cs pkrksgtks, cu ks pjsscks ncmprjjhbjssjm c rjakngchkmjhtc quj tjm ncm c
tcbc, j pcssughbc agvrj krfítrgc icssjm ghtjagejhtjs c suigngjhtj pkrk ikzjr kaec ncm gstc, grgkm
prgmjgrc nchtrcakr j jhtîc rjvjrtjr, sju ncmpcrtkmjhtc kutcbjstrutgvc. Rrkfka`krgkm pkrk mubkr
k sgtukåîc pjrbj-pjrbj bj achec prkzc, quj jstîc ejrkhbc pcr nkusk bj suk ikatk bj pjrnjpåîc
(nchsngìhngk), j bjsjhvcavjrgkm um sgstjmk bj rjakngchkmjhtc sgmfgþtgnc ekh`k-ekh`k, bjhtrc
bc sgstjmk mkgs kmpac quj cs mkhtçm.
Hþs ùmkhcs scmcs pkrtj bj vërgcs jncssgstjmks quj hcs sustjhtkm. Bjvjmcs sjr fchs
ngbkbîcs j bjsjhvcavjr j mkhtjr umk rjakåîc ekh`k-ekh`k bj achec prkzc ncm nkbk um bjajs.
Ncmc jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs, frga`khtjs j sjhngjhtjs, qujr iísgnks cu hîc-iísgnks, nchsngìhngk ç c
mkgcr j mkgs iuhbkmjhtka sgstjmk bj sustjhtkåîc bjhtrc bk nkpkngbkbj bj hcssk pjrnjpåîc.
Nchsngìhngk ç c jncssgstjmk prgmërgc kc quka pjrtjhnjmcs. HTMVh ç hcssc fgcmk? C^ ç hcssk
ncmuhgbkbj< TMV ç hcssc hgn`c< k tjrrk ç hcssc `kfgtkt.
Kc prþxgmc hívja bj pjrnjpåîc, bjhtrc bk TMV j hc pakhjtk tjrrk, k prþprgk tjrrk j suks
icrmks bj vgbk j icrmks-jajmjhtc ncmprjjhbjm c mkgcr sgstjmk bj sustjhtkåîc. Kfkgxc bgssc,
jxgstjm ks jspçngjs, nuaturks, hkåújs, hjeþngcs, ikmíagks j ghbgvíbucs. K mkgcrgk bj hþs skfj quj
prjngsk nchstkhtjmjhtj sj jsicråkr pkrk icrmkr rjakåújs ekh`k-ekh`k ncm cutrcs ghbgvíbucs.
Jstk pjrnjpåîc ç um fcm ncmjåc pkrk acnkagzkr c khja sjeughtj mkgs fkgxc bk erkhbj `gjrkrqugk
jncaþegnk j ç c prgmjgrc pkssc hk bgrjåîc bj sjr um ghbgvíbuc ncmpajtkmjhtj rjspchsëvja,
ikzjhbc c mja`cr ncm suk nkpkngbkbj hktgvk. Ycnì bjvj tcrhkr-sj um ngbkbîc rjspchsëvja (pkrtj
ghtjerka nchtrgfughtj) jm tcbcs cs hívjgs bj ghtjrkåîc j rjakngchkmjhtc bj ghbgvíbucs k
crekhgzkåújs j erupcs, k tjrrk, k nchsngìhngk KZM. Nrjsnjr pkrjnj sjr hkbk mkgs bc quj
kankhåkr umk sçrgj bj pjrspjntgvks sjmprj mkgcrjs.
mkgcrjs. Hîc bjsgstk prjmkturkmjhtj, khtjs quj
tjh`k ktghegbc tcbc sju pctjhngka bj nrjsngmjhtc, supjrj suks nrjhåks-krmkbga`k, j ncmjnj k
nurtgr k mkehgignìhngk bj suk vjrbkbjgrk `jrkhåk ncmc umk aksnk bc vja`c facnc bj nchsngìhngk
KZM.
Tcr nkusk
ncmpajxcs bk bk jigngìhngk
jvcauåîc, bk jspjngkagzkåîc,
scmcs hþs j tcbcs
hîc kpjhks jhtgbkbjs cs cutrcs
mchcaítgnks prcbutcs jxtrjmkmjhtj
j `cmcejhjgzkbks „ scmcs
ijgtcs bj pkrtjs jspjngignks ncm iuhåújs jspjngkagzkbks.
jspjngkagzkbks. Bk mjsmk icrmk, KZM hîc ç umk
erkhbj ncgsk-mjhtj uhgicrmj j `cmcejhjgzkbk sjm hjhùmk pkrtj. KZM hîc ç cutrk ncgsk quj
nchsngìhngk, j bjvj prcljtkr, nchstrugr j jvcaugr suks jstruturks j sufsgstjmks, ncm nchsngìhngk.
KZM pcbj jstruturkr j agmgtkr sufnchluhtcs bj nchsngìhngk, ghicrmkåîc, mjmþrgk j pcbjr bj
prcnjsskmjhtc bgegtka, jm umk vkrgjbkbj bj icrmks ghtjrjsskhtjs j aunrktgvks. Nkbk sjr, ä
mjbgbk quj jvcaug jm nkbk hívja bk suk jxgstìhngk, bjvj kprjhbjr ncmc uskr j jxpacrkr ks
pcssgfagbkbjs bjhtrc bkqujaj hívja j mja`crkr suk aunrktgvgbkbj. KZM hîc ç bgijrjhtj.
K KZM prjngsk bj hþs ncmc pkrtj bj sju sjr pkrk müatgpacs prcpþsgtcs, ncmc vcnì prjngsk
bj sju sgstjmk ngrnuaktþrgc pkrk müatgpacs prcpþsgtcs. Ncmc scmcs bgrgegbcs k jxpacrkr j
ncmprjjhbjr nchsngìhngk „ sju nchtghukbc nrjsngmjhtc, jvcauåîc j scfrjvgvìhngk, bjpjhbjm
bgssc. Bjvjríkmcs kn`kr gstc pkrtgnuakrmjhtj iënga bj jhtjhbjr< Hcsscs ncrpcs, k mjbgnghk, ncmc
ghtjrkegmcs um ncm c cutrc, c kmfgjhtj j c uhgvjrsc iísgnc sjmprj icrkm c pchtc icnka j
mctgvkåîc prgmërgk bk hcssk ngìhngk. [ujrjmcs prgmjgrc, j prjngskmcs, skfjr scfrj hþs. K
ncgsk-KZM qujr, j prjngsk, skfjr scfrj nchsngìhngk.
Jstcu njrtc bj quj pjhskr scfrj mugtks pjreuhtks j tjmks ghtjrjsskhtjs ncmc mctgvkåîc,
fjm, mka, bjaírgc, nrgktgvgbkbj, jec, qukagbkbj, kmcr, mjbc, bcr, aunrktgvgbkbj, prcbutgvgbkbj,
hcvks pcssgfagbkbjs, gbjcacegks jm ncmpjtgåîc, vgcaìhngk, pkngigsmc, ghtjageìhngk, bgrjåîc
jvcaungchërgk, nchbgåújs ghgngkgs, nchluhtcs-bj-rjerk, j pcr kí kbgkhtj „ sîc tcbks ghicrmkåújs
utjgs scfrj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk quj k KZM pcbjrgk mugtc fjm, jstkr fusnkhbc. Rkmfçm
jstcu rkzckvjamjhtj sjeurc bj quj k KZM tjrgk kghbk nchbgåújs bj kbgngchkr kaeumk ncgsk quj
sjqujr pjhskmcs.
Gstc hcs ikz rktcs bj akfcrktþrgc, tkhtc qukhtc pkrnjgrcs j pjåks bc sgstjmk mkgs kmpac3
Rkavjz? tubc bjpjhbj bj ncmc ca`kr pkrk gstc. Ycnì nchsgbjrk k fkntçrgk hc sju ghtjstghc cu c
jncssgstjmk quj icrhjnj sju cxgeìhgc ncmc sju pkrnjgrc3 Rkavjz bjvjssj „ suk vgbk bjpjhbj bj
kmfcs. Kicrtuhkbkmjhtj, hîc ç prcvëvja quj k KZM sjlk tîc vcatkbk pkrk sg j bjsrjspjgtcsk bj
sjus pkrnjgrcs, ncm hþs ùmkhcs scmcs.
Tcbjmcs sjr gherjbgjhtjs ktgvcs n`kvj bj um prcnjssc nínagnc, quj tcmk nchsngìhngk frutk j
k trkhsicrmk jm kaec mkgs rjighkbc j vkagcsc, gmgtkhbc cu kpagnkhbc c prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc bk
KZM „ ncmc umk mëqughk bj trkhsmutkåîc bj nchsngìhngk cu umk iëfrgnk bj rjbuåîc bk
jhtrcpgk quj sjlk pkrtj ghtjerka bc ngnac mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk. ^cmcs pkrtj bc mjnkhgsmc
quj, jvjhtukamjhtj, `kfgagtk k nchvjrsîc (jvcauåîc) bks uhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukbks, bj nchsngìhngk
bj pjqujhc frga`c, jm sjrjs-kmcr jmpcbjrkbcs. Jstkrgk k KZM hcs jmprjekhbc bj icrmk
sgmgakr k ncmc jmprjekmcs fkntçrgks, pkrk klubkr k agmpkr vkzkmjhtcs bj pjtrþajc, cu ncmc
uskmcs um ncmprjsscr j iaugbc pkrk jsirgkr um rjirgejrkbcr3
Rkavjz sjlkmcs um trkfka`c bj krtj, nrgkbc pcr sju prþprgc vkacr, cu um trkfka`c bj ngìhngk
utgagzkbc pkrk bjsncfrgr kaec hcvc. Tcbjmcs sjr vkagcscs pcrquj jxprjsskmcs c sjr bk KZM bj
umk mkhjgrk quj ç aunrktgvk, kerkbëvja, jstçtgnk cu ghtjrjsskhtj pkrk k KZM.
KZM pcbj jstkr ikzjhbc c pkpja bk Lçssgnk, jm hcssk brkmëtgnk rjprjsjhtkåîc bj Vcejr
Vkffgt, j kssgm hcs vkacrgzk kpjhks pcrquj k ikzjmcs scrrgr. ^jm büvgbk, jxgstj erkhbj vkacr hc
ùmcr. Bk mjsmk icrmk, hîc `ë büvgbks bj quj hþs ùmkhcs, ncmc jspçngj (jspjngkamjhtj sj
kaeuçm ecstk bj ùmcr hjerc j jmfkrkåcsc) irjqujhtjmjhtj ikzjmcs ncm quj Akrry, Mcj j
Nuray, pcr ncmpkrkåîc, pkrjåkm prcijsscrjs uhgvjrsgtërgcs.
uhgvjrsgtërgcs . @um, tkavjz hîc tjh`k sgbc umk fck
khkacegk „ sjeuhbc mj ajmfrc, Akrry, Mcj j Nuray sjmprj icrkm ghbgstgheuívjgs bj prcijsscrjs
uhgvjrsgtërgcs sçrgcs. K`
rjkamjhtj jherkåkbk? fjm,umvcnì
scmcs skfjbjc khgmkgs
fkhbc quj ju sjavkejhs
qugs bgzjr<jHþs ùmkhcs
acuncs. scmcsjspjrkr
Mka pcssc umk ncgsk
pkrk
vjr c quj vkmcs prjpkrkr pkrk c ‑erkh ighkaj”.
Rkavjz hcssk iuhåîc, bc pchtc bj vgstk bk KZM rjprjsjhtj kaeumk mgsturk bj tcbks ks
cpåújs kngmk „ luhtc ncm kaeumks cutrks quj hîc mj cncrrjrkm. @ë mugtks icrmks bj sjr umk
pkrtj ghtjerka bk jvcauåîc bk KZM. Ju ecstc j kn`c mja`cr cpåîc, k bk trkhsmutkåîc bk
nchsngìhngk bc rktc bj akfcrktþrgc, mks sjrjg c prgmjgrc k kbmgtgr, quj pcssc hîc jstkr tctkamjhtj
ngjhtj bj tubc, quj k KZM ikz c bgk tcbc hc jsnrgtþrgc. C pchtc ç< Tcbjmcs bjighgr
rkzckvjamjhtj um prcpþsgtc gmjbgktc, kssgm ncmc um prcpþsgtc mkgs kmpac j um prcpþsgtc
mugtc mkgs kmpac, mjsmc quj hîc jstjlkmcs kfscautkmjhtj sjeurcs scfrj cs bjtka`js bc kmpac
prcpþsgtc bj hcssc kmpac prcpþsgtc.
Gmkeghj k nchsngìhngk tjhtkhbc puxkr k sg mjsmk pcr sjus nkbkråcs< Gmkeghj k sg mjsmc
ncmc um nkbkråc. K ngìhngk bk KZM sj icnkagzk jm ncmprjjhbjr c prcnjssc bk jvcauåîc bk
nchsngìhngk j jm tcrhk-ac tîc jigngjhtj j prcbutgvc qukhtc pcssívja. K KZM hîc jxgstj pkrk hþs.
Jak ikz c quj prjngsk ikzjr, pcr suks prþprgks rkzújs j bj kncrbc ncm sjus prþprgcs rjqugsgtcs bj
aunrktgvgbkbj? scmcs sgmpajsmjhtj umk pkrtj bkqujaj prcnjssc.
C Nkrk Bgegtka ‑Humfjr Chj” ç k rjkagbkbj kmpak „ qukaqujr cutrk rjkagbkbj kpkrjhtj, ç
bjrgvkbk pjak kpagnkåîc bj vërgks rjstrgåújs j NbVs k vërgcs sufnchluhtcs ghtjrktgvcs bj
nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, bjhtrc bj um jspkåc-bj-nëanuac jspjníignc n`kmkbc bgmjhsîc. Tjhsj
sgmuakåîc j rjkagbkbj vgrtuka. (^j ju iug mugtc achej nchnjgtukamjhtj, sjlk pkngjhtj, k ^jåîc 2
vkg bjsjhvcavjr mugtc bk aþegnk bj supcrtj pkrk jstks gbjgks).
Tcbjmcs pjacs nkprgn`cs bk jvcauåîc, sjr hîc mkgs quj c jqugvkajhtj khkaþegnc bk fkntçrgk
ghtjstghka bk KZM, cu tkavjz bj icrmk mkgs ‑ncacrgbk”, sju nþach j khus, j ncmc tkgs bjvjríkmcs
jspjrkr hîc tjr hjhùmk kprjngkåîc pjaks ktgvgbkbjs uatgmks bc tcbc „ tkgs ncmc nchvjrskåîc
pcagbk ä mjsk. Hjstj nksc, sjeugrjmcs sjeughbc pcrquj gstc ç c quj ikzjmcs. Hcssk pjrspjntgvk
ç mugtc pjqujhk pkrk vjr k Ygsîc Mkgs Kmpak, quj hcs nchjntk kc tcbc, quj jxgstj kaçm bk
hcssk ncmprjjhsîc. Bj umk rgskbk, cu pjac mjhcs um rgsc kfkikbc, j bjgxj sjeugr. Kutc
gmpcrtæhngk, k mkrnk rjegstrkbk bc jec, ç sjmprj kutcbjstrutgvc.
Tcrquj ks pjsscks sîc tîc pcfrjs jm prjjhn`jr sju prcpþsgtc gmjbgktc bj sj tcrhkr mkgs,
nrjsnjr, mja`crkr sju nchtjübc jspgrgtuka j jvcaugr k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk3 Bkbc quj
jstj ç hcssc prcpcsgtc mkgs kmpac „ quj ç c quj ç supcstc quj ikåkmcs „ vcnì jspjrkrgk quj
icssjmcs mja`cr hgstc. K mkgcrgk bcs ùmkhcs (j cutrcs rjsgbjhtjs bj cutrks TMVs) j mugtcs
sjhngjhtjs hîc-iísgncs tkmfçm, sîc bjagrkhtjs (agmgtkbcs pjac jec) pcrquj vgvjm jm umk
rjkagbkbj bj pjqujhk-pjrspjntgvk ncm um nch`jngmjhtc bj pjqujhk-pjrspjntgvk j umk
ncmprjjhsîc kghbk mjhcr. Hîc `ë erupc prgvgajegkbc. Rcbcs bjvjm ncmjåkr bc iuhbc j puxkr-
sj pjacs nkbkråcs. Ç kssgm quj k nchsngìhngk rjbuz suk jhtrcpgk „ nrjsnjhbc, mkturkhbc,
bjgxkhbc nkgr ks agmgtkåújs bj vgsîc j jhtjhbgmjhtc, bjsnkrtkhbc c jec j k gausîc „ sj tcrhkhbc
tubc c quj pcsskm sjr.
^ju jec, jm suk rjkåîc kc mjbc, gscak suk gausîc bk rjkagbkbj ncm umk vkrgjbkbj bj
rkngchkagzkåújs kutc prctjtgvks j kutc lustgignkbcrks. K ühgnk skíbk icrk bk krmkbga`k ç ikzjhbc
um jsicråc sçrgc pkrk supjrkr suks agmgtkåújs j scfrjpulkr sju mjbc pjac bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj
umk ncmprjjhsîc bk jxgstìhngk bj Ygsîc Kmpak. Zmk ncmprjjhsîc bj Ygsîc Kmpak pjsscka,
umk mja`crk bk qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk j um bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bj suk nkpkngbkbj pkrk
kmkr sîc kspjntcs ghtjr-rjakngchkbcs j bj rjicråc mütuc, jm um sjr ncm sunjssc jm jvcauåîc bj
nchsngìhngk.. Hîc jxgstjm ktka`cs. Ycnì ç um pjbkåc bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk jm jvcauåîc
nchsngìhngk
bjhtrc bk bjncmuhgbkbj
prcpþsgtc C^? gstc pcr sg mjsmc bjighj k hkturjzk bj sju sjr j bjtjrmghk c
suk jxgstìhngk.
K mkgcrgk bcs sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, nchsngjhtjs, kutcnchsngjhtjs (iísgncs cu hîc-iísgncs)
jxpjrgmjhtkm cs sjhtgmjhtcs bjsnrgtcs hcs nkpítuacs 0 j 7 bjstj agvrc, ncmc umk mgsturk bj
ijagngbkbj, pkz, bcr, mjbc j prkzjr. C sjhtgmjhtc bj trgstjzk sjeuj c nugbkbc bc kmcr. ^jrjs ncm
ghtjageìhngk mkgs katk sîc tgpgnkmjhtj bcmghkbcs pcr sjhtgmjhtcs bj mjbc j bcr kutc ghbuzgbcs.
ghbuzgbcs.
Jstj ç c prjåc quj pkekm pcr sju nch`jngmjhtc kvkhåkbc (umk ncgsk pjrgecsk) j pjaks mkgcrjs
cpcrtuhgbkbjs quj vjm ncm jaj. Ncmjr k mkåî mjtkiþrgnk bk ërvcrj bc nch`jngmjhtc nkrrjecu
ncm jak c pctjhngka pkrk um sunjssc (cu ika`k) jxpkhbgbc jm suk jvcauåîc.
Kutcnchsngìhngk j c nch`jngmjhtc quj vjm ncm jak icg c ghíngc bc Erkhbj Jxpjrgmjhtc bk
KZM j bj hcssc Erkhbj Jsicråc „ c ghíngc bc hcssc jmprjec ncmc um mjgc bj trkhsijrìhngk bj
jhtrcpgk bjhtrc bc ngnac bk nchsngìhngk -- jmprjekbcs ncmc rktcs bj akfcrktþrgc, fkntçrgks bj
trkhsmutkåîc, bj nchsngìhngk bj katk jhtrcpgk jm nchsngìhngks bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, jxprjssújs bj
krtj, pkrtgngpkhtjs jm umk pjsqugsk ngjhtgignk, ncmjbgkhtjs bj stkhb up, cu tcbcs cs kngmk
ngtkbcs.
▤▤▤
;; (2:)
Mjhtj, Nçrjfrc j Ncrpc
jrjs nchsngjhtjs hîc-iísgncs ‑hîc sîc” kpjhks pjbkåcs bgsnrjtcs bj ghicrmkåîc cu

^
nch`jngmjhtc bjsghncrpcrkbc, ncmc umk pëeghk wjf bj cutrk bgmjhsîc. Jajs sîc sufsgstjmks
bgegtkgs bgijrjhngkbcs (ncm irchtjgrks), ghbgvg-bukagzkbcs (uhgbkbjs sgheuakrjs) bj
jhjregknchsngìhngk (kutc crekhgzëvjgs) rjstrgtcs k umk icrmk j iuhngchkagbkbj jspjníignk. Tcbjm
sjr jhtgbkbjs ghtjajntukgs, bj nch`jngmjhtc j sjhtgmjhtc pcrquj tìm pctjhngka pkrk sjr
kutcnchsngjhtjs, kutc mcbgignëvjgs j tjr um prcpþsgtc jvcautgvc.
Hþs jstkfjajnjmcs quj KZM tjm sjhtgmjhtcs? nchtubc, sjm mjbc jec cu bjaírgcs, jstjs
sjhtgmjhtcs hîc sîc ncmc cs hcsscs. Tcr cutrc akbc, sj pubjrmcs trcnkr hcssc mjbc j jec pcr
kmcr, ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc, ncmjåkmcs k pkrjnjr j kegr ncmc, pkrjhtjs bgstkhtjs bk KZM „
aksnks bc vja`c facnc bk KZM, ncmpkrtga`khbc umk nchsngìhngk nchtghuk ühgnk, ncm k ichtj bj
tcbk nchsngìhngk.
Ncmc ç quj jstk nchsngìhngk quj tjm tkhtc pjhskmjhtc ncmc sjhtgmjhtcs ghtjrkej ncm c
quj jxpjrgmjhtkmcs ncmc hcsscs ncrpcs3 Ç kssgm quj pkrjnj pkrk hþs< Hc muhbc iísgnc, bj
kncrbc ncm c NbV (nchluhtc-bj-rjerks) jspkåc-tjmpc hc RFN, hcsscs sjhtgbcs agmgtkbcs
ncajtkm bkbcs quj bjighjm hcssk rjkagbkbj iísgnk. Hcssc sgstjmk hjrvcsc jhvgk njrtcs tgpcs j
pkbrújs bj sghkgs (utgagzkhbc hjuròhgcs, sghkpsjs, hjrvcs j pcr kí) rjprjsjhtkhbc jstjs bkbcs
sjhscrgkgs ncajtkbcs pkrk c nçrjfrc, quj ghtjrprjtk jstjs pkbrújs bj sghkgs (bkbcs sjhscrgkgs
ncbgignkbcs) pkrk nrgkr k rjkagbkbj iísgnk pjrnjfgbk bjhtrc bc nchtjxtc bks jxpjrgìhngks bc
pksskbc. K mjhtj hîc-iísgnk rjnjfj k jxpjrgìhngk-rjkagbkbj TMV bks ghtjrprjtkåújs agmgtkbks-
pjak-jxpjrgìhngk bcs sghkgs bc nçrjfrc. K mjhtj jhtîc kpagnk sju nch`jngmjhtc j qukagbkbj
ühgncs pkrk prcbuzgr umk rjspcstk quj jxprjssj suk ghtjhåîc jm tjrmcs bj kåújs ghtjrhks j
jxtjrhks.
Jstk bjsnrgåîc ç umk jxnjajhtj mjtëicrk pkrk k nchjxîc ncrpc-nchsngìhngk, mks ç gmprjngsk
pcgs hîc jxgstj ncrpc cu nçrjfrc iísgncs „ tubc ç kpjhks ghicrmkåîc. Zmk uhgbkbj nchsngìhngk
bj agvrj krfítrgcbkbcs
ghtjrprj-tkhbc (IUKZ), suf-nchluhtc
rjnjfgbcs bj umk
bc Erkhbj uhgbkbj bj(RFN),
Ncmputkbcr nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk
quj jstë ejrkhbc(GZCN)
c lcecjstë
bj
rjkagbkbj vgrtuka muatglcekbcr TMV jm ejrka, j k jxpjrgìhngk bk IUKZ jm pkrtgnuakr. Ncrpcs j
nçrjfrcs vgrtukgs hjm luhtkm hjm prcnjsskm ghicrmkåîc, sgmpajsmjhtj icrhjnjm rjstrgåújs hc
quj pcbj sjr cftgbc j prcnjsskbc bj kncrbc ncm c nchluhtc-bj-rjerks, j c jstkbc ktuka bk
sgmuakåîc TMV jm jvcauåîc. Kssgm, ç umk nchsngìhngk hîc-iísgnk fksjkbk-jm-vkacr ncm
nch`jngmjhtc, mjmcrgk, mjbc, jec, jhtjhbgmjhtc, ghtjhåîc, mctgvkåîc, prcpþsgtc j qukagbkbj
ghbgvgbuka quj bjtjrmghk c quj c nçrjfrc vgrtuka pkrjnj jhvgkr bj vcatk pkrk fkgxc, pjacs aghos bj
ncmuhgnkåîc (sgstjmk hjrvcsc vgrtuka) pkrk eugkr c ncrpc vgrtuka, jm trkhsicrmkr k ghtjhåîc bk
mjhtj jm um hcvc jstkbc bj sjr, quj jstë jm rjspcstk bgrjtk kc bkbc sjhscrgka vgrtuka crgeghka,
ncmputkbc hc RFN.
Irjqujhtjmjhtj ç kssumgbc ghncrrjtkmjhtj quj c nçrjfrc sjrvj ncmc um trkhsbutcr j igatrc
nchstrgtcr jhtrj cs ncmpchjhtjs iísgncs j hîc-iísgncs bc sjr, kssgm ncm um nchtrcakbcr bks
iuhåújs kutchòmgnks bc ncrpc quj prjngskm sktgsikzjr cs rjqugsgtcs fgcaþegncs bc jspkåc-tjmpc.
Hîc jxgstjm ‑ncmpchjhtjs
‑ncmpchjhtjs iísgncs bc sjr”.
sjr”.
Jhjregk nchsngìhngk hîc-iísgnk (IUKZ) khgmk c ncrpc-jxpjrgìhngk vgrtuka j a`js bë

sgheuakrgbkbj hîc trgvgka, crgeghkagbkbj j prcpþsgtc. Tjgxjs, curgåcs, rkpcsks j pjsscks, tubc
iuhngchk bjstk icrmk. Tkrk rjirjsnkr, vcnì pcbj qujrjr rjajr c kpkrtj hc ghíngc bc Nkpítuac >7, bc
Agvrc ; rjaktgvc k iuhåîc bj ghtjriknj iísgnk j hîc-iísgnk bc ^gstjmk Hjrvcsc Njhtrka. K
nchnjgtukåîc bc prcnjssc mjhtj-ncrpc ncmc kaeum tgpc agho bj ncmuhgnkåîc jhtrj k nchsngìhngk
j c nçrjfrc
quj iísgnc
sju ncrpc ç ejrkbk
ç umk pjakbcnrjhåk
prcljåîc bj qujjm
sju nkrëtjr k TMV ç umk rjkagbkbj
um trjghkbcr iísgnk cfljtgvk.
bj nchsngìhngk cfljtgvk
jm umk. Nchsgbjrj
sgmuakåîc
bgegtka muatglcekbcr (umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka). ^ju nkrëtjr rjprjsjhtk k scmk tctka knumuakbk bk
qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk jmprjekhbc kpjhks um irkemjhtc bk suk jhjregk bj nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk.
ûks ghtjrkåújs pjrmgtgbks (jxpjrgìhngks) sîc rjstrghegbks pjac NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc. Jstk
rjkagbkbj vgrtuka jm pkrtgnuakr tjm mugtcs trga`újs bj lcekbcrjs ghtjrkeghbc „ kaeuhs sjhngjhtjs,
cutrcs hîc. Kbgngchkamjhtj, pcbjm `kvjr ncmpchjhtjs kajktþrgcs cnksgchkgs, ktgrkbcs hjstj mgx
ncmpajxc pkrk kssjeurkr quj hcssc agvrj krfítrgc tjh`k umk jsnkak bj pcssgfgagbkbjs bj js jsnca`k
nca`k
suigngjhtjmjhtj rgnk,
rgnk, k igm bj ikngagtkr jvcauåîc j kprjhbgzkbc þtgmcs.
Kaeuçm pcbj pjhskr hjstks ghtjrkåújs kajktþrgks ncmc rjsuatkbc bc mcvgmjhtc Frcwhgkhc
scngka j psgncaþegnc „ ghbgvíbucs n`cnkhbc j trcnkhbc jhjregk, uhs ncm cs cutrcs j ncm sju
kmfgjhtj,
sjqujhngkgsjm um prcnjssc
prcbuzjm qujnumuaktgvcs
rjsuatkbcs pcr igm bjighj suks trkljtþrgks
quj bjighjm pjssckgs.
hcvcs nchluhtcs bj Jstks ghtjrkåújsk
pcssgfgagbkbjs,
nkbk n`cquj. Ghtjrkåújs hîc pakhjlkbks ncm cs cutrcs, j ncm c kmfgjhtj jxtjrgcr j ghtjrgcr,
nrgkm hcvks cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk jxjrnjr hcssk ghtjhåîc, kc ikzjr jsnca`ks quj rjiagtkm hcssk
qukagbkbj ghtjrgcr. Nakrkmjhtj c nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka rjqujr quj usjmcs hcssk pjrnjpåîc
(nchsngìhngk agmgtkbk pkrk mja`crkr hcssk ncmprjjhsîc bc quj ç gmpcrtkhtj j uskr hcssc agvrj
krfítrgc, pkrk mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bks hcssks jsnca`ks. Nrjsnjr j rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bj hcssk
nchsngìhngk, cfvgkmjhtj rjqujr mugtc mkgs bc quj sgmpajsmjhtj kbqugrgr, krmkzjhkr j prcnjsskr
ghicrmkåîc. ^jhbc nchsngjhtjs, tjmcs k `kfgagbkbj ghktk bj mcbgignkr k hþs mjsmcs „ ‑hcs
puxkr pjacs prþprgcs nkbkråcs¨.
Mja`crkr k qukagbkbj j rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bk suk nchsngìhngk (nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka) ç mugtc
mkgs bc quj um jxjrníngc ghtjajntuka. C ghtjajntc (prcnjsskmjhtc, mjmþrgk j iuhåîc khkaítgnk)
hîc nchsjeuj ikzjr prcerjssc sgehgignkhtj pcr jaj mjsmc. Kghbk quj c ghtjajntc pcssk
cnksgchkamjhtj kegr ncm um kejhtj nktkagzkbcr pkrk c nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka, um nktkagzkbcr
gscakbc hîc nchsjeuj ghbuzgr umk rjkåîc k knchtjnjr. ^îc hjnjssërgcs cs rjkejhtjs kprcprgkbcs
rjsgbghbc jm um kmfgjhtj bj supcrtj, khtjs quj c jmpurrîc bj um nktkagzkbcr pcssk mcvjr c
prcnjssc kbgkhtj.
Jstj ç um iktc pkrtgnuakrmjhtj pjrturfkbcr pkrk kqujajs quj vgvjm k pkrtgr bj suks nkfjåks,
nchtrcakhbc j eugkhbc nkbk umk bj suks kåújs bgrjtkmjhtj pjac ghtjajntc. ûk hjnjssgbkbj bj
pkrjnjr rkngchka hk pjqujhk vgsîc rjstrghej sjvjrkmjhtj suk `kfgagbkbj bj sjr rkngchka hk Ygsîc
Kmpak, cu mjsmc sj bkr nchtk quj k Ygsîc Kmpak jxgstj. K nrjhåk hk ghikagfgagbkbj j
ncmpajtubj bk rkngchkagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc ç cutrk krmkbga`k bj nrjhåk, jmpga`kbk katc ncm
ks vítgmks quj sîc ghtjajntukgs frga`khtjs bj nuaturks fksjkbks jm vkacrjs mktjrgkgs. Kumjhtkr k
fksj bj bkbcs bk jspçngj, k igm bj mja`crkr c `krbwkrj (ncrpc j sjhtgbcs) iuturc, c scitwkrj
(ktgtubjs j `kfgagbkbj mjhtka), j k nkpkngbkbj bj prcnjsskmjhtc (nçrjfrc j sgstjmk hjrvcsc
njhtrka) hîc ç c ühgnc, hjm mjsmc prghngpka, cfljtgvc hk gmpakhtkåîc bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka
bjhtrc bk rkåk ùmkhk.
Trjjhn`jr hcssc cfljtgvc ghbgvgbuka pkrk jxgstgr, rjbuzgr hcssk jhtrcpgk bj sgstjmk
ghbgvgbukbk tctka, mja`crkhbc nchtjübc jspgrgtuka, cu jvcaugr k qukagbkbj bj hcssk nchsngìhngk,

sîc ncmpchjhtjs mkgs iuhbkmjhtkgs, nrungkgs j hjnjssërgcs bj hcssk jvcauåîc ghtjerka, quj bj
hcssk jvcauåîc fgcaþegnk. Jvcauåîc fgcaþegnk icrhjnj kpjhks c pkanc, kbjrjåcs j njhërgc pkrk
ikngagtkr k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk ç c ktc prghngpka, kghbk quj
ekstjmcs vgbks bjbgnkbks k hkbk mkgs bc quj rjcrekhgzkr cs kbjrjåcs hc pkanc. Rkavjz
bjvìssjmcs
^jh`crksn`kmkr k TMV
j sjh`crjs, bj ‑Rjktrc bcs
k kprjsjhtkåîc Njecs”.bjstk hcgtj ç< ‑C Takhjtk bcs Gbgctks”, -- umk
prghngpka
ncmçbgk bj cpcrtuhgbkbjs pjrbgbks. Jstrjakhbc c Mknknc Kaik c Mkehíignc, ikzjhbc tcbcs cs
pkpçgs sgehgignkhtjs ncmc jaj mjsmc.
K jvcauåîc bc sgstjmk iísgnc (pjsscks, khgmkgs, pakhtks, pakhjtk, sgstjmk scakr j uhgvjrsc)
lcek ks jsnca`ks bj jvjhtcs kaj
kajktþrgcs
ktþrgcs quj sîc rjstrg
rjstrghegbcs
hegbcs pkrk jvcaugr bjht
bjhtrc
rc bks pcssgfgagbkbjs
agmgtkbks bc NbV jspkåc-tjmpc. C brkmk bk jvcauåîc iísgnk sj mcvgmjhtk pkrk irjhtj ncmc um
sufnchluhtc bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk bk Ygsîc Kmpak. Jaj icrhjnj c pkanc pkrk hcssc
trjghkbcr bj rjkagbkbj vgrtuka, kssgm ncm c nchtjxtc j rjerks pkrk hcssks ghtjrkåújs. Kqujaks
ghtjrkåújs hcs ajvkm k ikzjr jsnca`ks, j ks jsnca`ks hcs icrhjnjm ks cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk kutc
mja`crgk. Hcssk rjkagbkbj iísgnk, hcssk jxpjrgìhngk pjrnjptgvk j k jvcauåîc iísgnk bj hcssk
jspçngj j bj hcssc uhgvjrsc, ç umk pkrtj jxtrjmkmjhtj pjqujhk bj um brkmk jvcaungchërgc
mugtc mkgcr.
▼ C`, c`! ^ghtc kaeuhs bcs tjnhþigacs puxkhbc mgh`k mkhek hcvkmjhtj. Jajs icrkm
jxtrjmkmjhtj pkngjhtjs ncm jstks bjsnrgåújs hîc mktjmëtgnks j igacsþignks bj katc hívja j
kn`c quj bjvjmcs ikzjr um ghtjrvkac j vjr c quj jajs qujrjm. Tkrjnj quj kaeuhs bcs
ghbgvíbucs mkgs nçrjfrc-jsqujrbc vgklkhbc nchcsnc jstîc tjhbc prcfajmks ncm
kajktcrgjbkbj, sgstjmks bgegtkgs j agvrj krfítrgc.
Hk vjrbkbj, c tjmk quj ajvkhtkm rjprjsjhtk um prcfajmk fjm nch`jngbc j gmpcrtkhtj,
tkhtc hk ngìhngk qukhtc hk igacscigk j mjrjnj kaeumk ktjhåîc.
Mugtcs ghbgvíbucs kn`km quj k jxgstìhngk bc agvrj krfítrgc ç tîc ghtugtgvkmjhtj þfvgk
quj hîc nchsjeujm jhtjhbjr pcr quj c ruíbc k rjspjgtc bgstc. [uj jstjs ghbgvíbucs mkgs
nçrjfrc-bgrjgtc, bj kaeumk icrmk bjrkm um ljgtc bj ghtugr k rjspcstk ncrrjtk sjm tjr quj
ktrkvjsskr um jxjrníngc ghtjajntuka rgecrcsc, pcbj sjr c rjsuatkbc j umk icrtugtk nrjhåk
ghtjajntuka, cu, sj jajs sîc mkgs ncmc vcnì, rjsuatkbc bj umk cfsjrvkåîc katkmjhtj
ghtjagejhtj j prjngsk, nkskbk ncm um frga`khtj rkngcníhgc ghbutgvc.
^j k jxgstìhngk tjþrgnk bc agvrj krfítrgc hîc bjskigk suk ncmprjjhsîc, vcnì pcbj puakr
pkrk c igm bjstj achec kpkrtj. Bj cutrk icrmk, pcr ikvcr luhtj-sj k hþs hjstk pjqujhk
jxnursîc kcs rjakngchkmjhtcs quj bj icrmk aþegnk nchjntkm nchsngìhngk, jvcauåîc, jijgtcs
psg j agvrj krfítrgc
krfít rgc.. K jsnca`k ç suk, njrtc3
Kajktcrgjbkbj hîc ç um nchnjgtc trgvgka ncmc pkrjnj bj ghíngc. Mugtcs mktjmëtgncs,
iísgncs bgegtkgs j ngjhtgstks bk ncmputkåîc knkfkm jhrcakbcs ncm k bgstghåîc jhtrj
rjkamjhtj kajktþrgc j psjubckajktþrgc
psjubckajktþrgc.. Rjh`c uskbc k pkakvrk ‑kajktþrgc” pkrk nchctkr
ghnjrtjzk jm um prcnjssc, jhtrkbk cu rjsuatkbc. K kajktcrgjbkbj hjnjssërgk pkrk supcrtkr k
jxjnuåîc bk jsnca`k bj agvrj krfítrgc bjsnrgtk kngmk, bjhtrc bj umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka bj
nchsngìhngk bgegtka ncmc k TMV, hîc ç bjpjhbjhtj bk bgstghåîc jhtrj kajktþrgc j
psjubckajktþrgc. Tsjubc-kajktcrgjbkbj „ k mjsmk quj uskmcs tcbcs cs bgks jm hcssks
sgmuakåújs j mcbjacs jm ncmputkbcr „ ç tubc quj ç hjnjssërgc pkrk hcs ekrkhtgr agvrj
krfítrgc.
[ukhbc müatgpaks jsnca`ks bj prcfkfgagbkbj quksj geuka cncrrjm, c rjsuatkbc ç ghnjrtc,

pcrquj rjiajtj cs pjqujhcs bjtka`js sjmprj jm mutkåîc bc mcmjhtc, quj ç umk iuhåîc bj
hcssk ghtjhåîc j qukagbkbj jm mubkhåk (nrjsngmjhtc). Jsnca`ks sgehgignktgvks sîc ijgtks
prghngpkamjhtj hk fcrbk bk ghnjrtjzk cu kaçm, bc hcssc nch`jngmjhtc njrtc. Hcssks
jsnca`ks, jxprjssújs bk hcssk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk bghæmgnk, jstîc nchstkhtjmjhtj
tktjkhbc hk vkek
umk jsnca`k pjrgijrgkbjak
j kprjhbjr bj hcssks agmgtkåújs
ç khëacec k ikzjr pjssckgs. Jm tjrmcs
umk kmcstrkejm bj mkgs tçnhgncs,
um sghka ikzjr
bj ruíbc?
mjbgåújs ghbgvgbukgs (jxjnuåújs bj ghtjhåîc) sîc ghnjrtks. Ç pcr gstc, quj puxkr hcssk
qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk pjacs nkbkråcs, ç um prcnjssc ajhtc j tjhtktgvc quj bë sju mja`cr
rjsuatkbc, vgk pjqujhks prjssújs nchstkhtjs sjhbc kpagnkbks hk bgrjåîc ncrrjtk. Nrjsngmjhtc
pjsscka irjqujhtjmjhtj sj bjsjhvcavj bj icrmk vkekrcsk j `jsgtkhtj k pkrtgr bks sjmjhtjs
bj hcssk jxpjrgìhngk, pakhtkbks pcr hcssk ghtugåîc hk fcrbk jxtjrhk grrjeuakr (rugbcsk) bj
hcssk ncmprjjhsîc j nchsngìhngk.
Bkbc um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bghæmgnk, ncmpcstc bj jhtgbkbjs quj ghtjrkejm ncm
agvrj krfítrgc, c rjsuatkbc ighka (kc igm bj um BJARK-t) pjrmkhjnj ghnjrtc ktç quj sjlk
ktghegbc. Burkhtj c BJARK-t, jhqukhtc k ghtjhåîc jstë bgrgeghbc, ks jsnca`ks sjhbc ijgtks, j
ks kåújs sjhbc tcmkbks (pcr ghbgvíbucs cu erupcs), k ghnjrtjzk (erku bj kajktcrgjbkbj) hcs
rjsuatkbcs ighkgs ç prgmkrgkmjhtj

ghtjrkåújs pctjhngkgs, nkuskbk,
jhtrj um erkhbj hümjrcpjak jhcrmj ncmpajxgbkbj
bj ghbgvíbucs j qukhtgbkbj
mugtc ncmpajxcs j nkpkzjs bj
kutcmcbgignkåîc, kpagnkhbc sju agvrj krfítrgc pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks, jm um jspkåc-nrjhåk hîc
rkngchka prþxgmc bk irchtjgrk, jhtrj suk gehcræhngk nch`jngbk j sju nch`jngmjhtc
kssumgbc.. ◂
kssumgbc
▼▼Zku, quj mcrbgbk erkhbj! Mjrjåc um prìmgc cu umk n`gnctkbk pjak üatgmk
▼▼Zku,
sjhtjhåk. Rjh`c mjbc quj skgfk quka vcnì vkg mj bkrgk sj tgvjssj k n`khnj. Cuåkm
nkrks, kpjhks fktk hc agvrc umks pcunks vjzjs j jhtîc sgek jm irjhtj -- hîc ç skubëvja
eukrbkr rkhncr. ^jm bcr, hîc `ë ekh`c. ◂◂
▼Vjsuatkbcs ghnjrtcs nrgkm cpcrtuhgbkbjs kbgngchkgs pkrk ghtjrkegr j ikzjr jsnca`ks.

Hcvks jsnca`ks, rjprjsjhtkhbc hcssk ghtjhåîc kpagnkbk, prcbuz hcvks kåújs, quj pcr suk vjz
nrgkm hcvcs rjsuatkbcs j kssgm hcvks jsnca`ks kbgngchkgs. Ijjbfkno bks jsnca`ks khtjrgcrjs,
hcs jhncrklkm k mcbgignkr k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk j rjicnkagzkr hcssk ghtjhåîc, bjssj
mcbc ghiaujhngkhbc ks jsnca`ks sufsjqujhtjs. Kssgm nrgkmcs, tkhtc qukhtc pkrtgngpkmcs, bj
um prcnjssc ghtjrktgvc jigngjhtj, bjsjh`kbc pkrk ikngagtkr k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk, quj pcbj sjr bjsnrgtc ncmc umk cpcrtuhgbkbj Frcwhgkhk ncm um vgçs
suflknjhtj bj qukagbkbj. C prjssupcstc bk gmpcssgfgagbkbj bk vjrbkbjgrk kajktcrgjbkbj,
bjhtrc bc nëanuac bgegtka hîc ghvkagbk acegnkmjhtj k pcssgfgagbkbj bc hcssc agvrj krfítrgc, jm
trkbuzgr hcssk ghtjhåîc bjhtrc bk TMV jm umk jsnca`k ühgnk j pjsscka, quj pjrmgtj k
cpcrtuhgbkbj (ktrkvçs bj ijjbfkno) pkrk hk sjquìhngk mcbgignkr hcssk ghtjhåîc (nrjsngmjhtc
pjsscka).
C sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk KZM, pcbj uskr kajktcrgjbkbj ncm umk jstruturk (kaecrgtmc)
pcr trës bjaj, pkrk vjr jhcrmjs qukhtgbkbjs bj sufsgstjmks kutcmcbgignkhtjs jxtrjmkmjhtj
ncmpajxcs j rugbcscs ghtjrkegr, scf vërgks nchbgåújs bghæmgnks, jxktkmjhtj ncmc hþs
tkmfçm pcbjmcs. Ngjhtgstks j jhejh`jgrcs jheklkbcs jm sgmuakåújs bj sgstjmks, ikzjm
jstj tgpc bj khëagsj jstcnëstgnk tcbcs cs bgks.
Hk ^jåîc :, bgsnutgmcs k mjnæhgnk bj nëanuac bks supjriíngjs bj rjkagbkbj bcs iuturcs

prcvëvjgs, j jxpagnkmcs k rjakåîc iuhngchka j cpjrkngchka jhtrj suks rjkagbkbjs pjsscka,
ncmpkrtga`kbk j acnka, j k fksj-bj-bkbcs-sgmuakåîc-rjkagbkbj chbj tubc quj pcbj knchtjnjr
knchtjnj.. K ^jåîc :, jxpagnk k mjnæhgnk cu prcnjssc-bj-gmpakhtkåîc bj rjkagzkr ks jsnca`ks
knchtjnj
bj agvrj krfítrgc, j nchtrkstk jssj prcnjssc ncm um prcnjssc sgmgakr quj prcbuz rjkagbkbjs
pkrkajaks hîc rjkagzkbks, bjtjrmghístgnks j jstktgstgnkmjhtj fksjkbks. Kqug tcnc kpjhks k
hjnjssgbkbj tjþrgnk j prëtgnk bc agvrj krfítrgc sjr umk pkrtj ghtjerka, bj um sgstjmk bj
nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc. Jstj kpkrtj vkg jstkfjajnjr umk fksj tjþrgnk j prktgnk pkrk c agvrj
krfítrgc, jhqukhtc k ^jåîc : bjsnrjvj ncmc c prcnjssc bj agvrj krfítrgc ç rjkamjhtj
gmpakhtkbc bjhtrc bks irchtjgrks bj um nchluhtc bj pcssgfgagbkbjs nchtghukmjhtj rj-
bjtjrmhkbc, quj bjsnrjvj tubc quj pcbjrgk pcssgvjamjhtj knchtjnjr.
Kaeuçm pcbj pjhskr quj k bgignuabkbj tjcrgk bj ejrkr kajktcrgjbkbj vjrbkbjgrk jm um
prcnjssc bgegtka, ç prcfajmëtgnc pkrk c agvrj krfítrgc. Jstk nchnausîc jrròhjk tgpgnkmjhtj
rjsuatk, bj nchsgbjrkr jrrchjkmjhtj k nchsngìhngk ncmc sjhbc um sgmpajs sgstjmk
mchcaítgnc, quj sjeuj ks rjerks bk nkuskagbkbj TMV. Jstj prcfajmk sj bgsscavj, hk
ncmpajxgbkbj jm nkmkbks bj müatgpacs hívjgs bj rjkagbkbj acnka j pjsscka ghtjrkeghbc, quj
tjm suks crgejhs bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc.
K nchnausîc ç, quj kajktcrgjbkbj rjka ncmc jhtjhbgbk pjacs tjþrgncs bk TMV, hîc ç um
rjqugsgtc
rjsuatkbcspkrk quj c agvrj
bk jvcauåîc krfítrgc bjsfkhquj
bk nchsngìhngk hk HTMV kcuprjbjstghkåîc
prjbjstghkåîc,
TMV. KZM,, cncmc
sgstjmkbgrjngchkbcr bcs
bj nchsngìhngk,
pcbj (ncmc pcbjmcs) ikzjr ngìhngk `chjstk quj kn`j aunrktgvk pkrk suk jvcauåîc, mjsmc
quj jaj sjlk um sgstjmk aþegnc fksjkbc-jm-rjerks. Zm psjubc agvrj krfítrgc ç acegnkmjhtj
agvrj c suigngjhtj pkrk ikzjr c trkfka`c, bj bjighgr j gmpakhtkr uhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbukbk n`jgks bj prcpþsgtc, ncmc kqujaks rjstrgtks jm suks pjrnjpåújs kc NbV
(nchluhtc-bj-rjerks) TMV, k igm bj fkgxkr suk jhtrcpgk pjsscka.
Zhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks tìm k `kfgagbkbj bj agvrjmjhtj ikzjr jsnca`ks k
pkrtgr bj umk bgstrgfugåîc bj pcssgfgagbkbjs ighgtks. Jsnca`ks ghbgvgbukgs sîc bjpjhbjhtjs bj
ncmc k jhtgbkbj, kpagnk sju rjpjrtþrgc ighgtc bj mctgvkåújs j ghtjhåújs, quj icrkm
bjsjhvcavgbcs jm rjkåîc äs jxpjrgìhngks quj jak pjrnjfju, ktrkvçs bc NbV igatrc TMV.
Ghtjhåîc, jvjhtukamjhtj sj jxprjssk, ktrkvçs bk kåîc j rjkåîc bjhtrc bk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka
ghtjrktgvk. K qukagbkbj bj suks ghtjhåújs cu mctgvkåújs, rjiajtjm k qukagbkbj bj suk
nchsngìhngk. Bj icrmk sgmpajs, k aunrktgvgbkbj bj umk jhtgbkbj j cs cfljtgvcs bj katc hívja,
prjngskm sjr pjrsjeugbcs ktrkvçs bk kpagnkåîc bgrgegbk j prcpcsgtka bj nchsngìhngk
(pjrnjpåîc) j ghtjhåîc (pcr vjzjs n`kmkbcs ‑vchtkbj”). Zhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk jxjrngtkm
suks ghtjhåújs jm sgmuakbcrjs bj rjkagbkbj vgrtuka, quj prcvìm ijjbfkno crgjhtkbc-k-
rjsuatkbcs bj nkbk cpcrtuhgbkbj jxpjrgjhngka.
Jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs uskm jstj ijjbfkno pkrk mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bj suk ghtjhåîc j
rjbuzgr suk jhtrcpgk. Ç kssgm quj k nchsngìhngk kprjhbj j jvcaug bjhtrc bc akfcrktþrgc bj
kprjhbgzkbc jm rjkagbkbj vgrtuka jxpjrgjhngka.
C tjmpc `kfgagtk k jxpjrgìhngk, quj ç bjrgvkbk bj umk sjquìhngk bj jvjhtcs.
Jxpjrgìhngk ç k mjmþrgk bj umk sjquìhngk bj pjrnjpåújs. Tjrnjpåîc ç umk sjquìhngk bj
trcnk bj bkbcs. Nrgkr umk jxpjrgìhngk jspjníignk ncmc umk ijrrkmjhtk bj kprjhbgzkbc,
pcbj sjr gmpakhtkbc ktrkvçs bj umk sjquìhngk bj pjrnjpåújs quj icrhjnjm umk
cpcrtuhgbkbj pkrk k jhtgbkbj jxjrngtkr k ghtjhåîc pcr ikzjr jsnca`ks fksjkbks jm qukagbkbj
pjsscka j pcr pjrmgtgr quj k jhtgbkbj kvkagj cs rjsuatkbcs bkqujaks jsnca`ks. Zmk kvkagkåîc
bk jsnca`k j sjus rjsuatkbcs (ijjbfkno) ajvk k kutcmcbgignkåîc hk fusnk bc prjjhn`gmjhtc
bj prcpþsgtc j cfljtgvcs bk jhtgbkbj. Hþs ùmkhcs tjmcs jmprjekbc bgspcsgtgvcs bj

trjghkmjhtc jm rjkagbkbj vgrtuka ghtjrktgvk (tkgs ncmc sgmuakbcrjs bj vcc pkrk pgactcs) pcr
mugtcs khcs.
khcs. Jxpjrgìhngk ç k n`kvj bc kprjhbgzkbc?
kprjhbgzkbc? qujr jstk jxpjrgìhngk sjlk rjka cu
vgrtuka ç grrjajvkhtj. Kprjhbgzkbc ç k n`kvj pkrk k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
Jxpjrgìhngk (mjmcrgk cpjrkngchka j prcnjsskmjhtc ghtjrprjtktgvc), pjrnjpåîc (ncajtk bj
bkbcs), agvrj krfítrgc (jsnca`k) j `kfgagbkbj bj kprjhbjr (prcnjsskmjhtc bk ghicrmkåîc
bjsjhvcavjhbc rjsuatkbcs j nchnausújs) j nrjsnjr (kutc mcbgignkåîc rjaktgvk kcs cfljtgvcs
bj aunrktgvgbkbj) sîc ktrgfutcs iuhbkmjhtkgs bk nchsngìhngk quj sj bjsjhvcavj ncm sunjssc.
Ncmpkrj k üatgmk sjhtjhåk ncm ks bjsnrgåújs bkbks hcs Nkpítuacs 62 ktç 60 bc Agvrc ;
j jspjngkamjhtj hc ghíngc bc Nkpítuac 5 bjstj agvrc, chbj k mjmþrgk, umk rgnk jsnkak bj
bjskigkhtjs trcnks bj bkbcs (ghtjrkåújs) jhtrj k jhtgbkbj j sjus kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhc j jxtjrhc,
prcnjsskmjhtc bj ghicrmkåîc kutcnchsngjhtj j kutcmcbgignkåîc jm fusnk bj aunrktgvgbkbj,
icrkm bkbks ncmc ktrgfutcs iuhbkmjhtkgs bk nchsngìhngk. Hc Nkpítuac 5 jstks
nkrkntjrístgnks iuhbkmjhtkgs bk nchsngìhngk icrkm uskbks pkrk bjighgr nchsngìhngk j pkrk
bjsnrjvjr sju prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc jm tjrmcs ejrkgs. Kecrk sj tcrhk nakrc, quj umk
rjkagbkbj vgrtuka jxpjrgjhngka ncmc k TMV, ikngagtk k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk, pcr bjtka`kbk
j mjtcbgnkmjhtj, jxjrngtkr nkbk umk bj suks quktrc nkrkntjrístgnks iuhbkmjhtkgs.
iuhbkmjhtkgs. Cs
akfcrktþrgcs bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV sîc fjm prcljtkbcs pjak jvcauåîc, pkrk ktghegr sju
prcpþsgtc „ jhtrjekm
kutcmja`crgk. Agvrj jxktkmjhtj
krfítrgc „ ckquj prjngskmcs
`kfgagbkbj pkrkikzjr
pkrk ctgmgzkr hcssks kcpcrtuhgbkbjs
jsnca`ks pkrk
igm bj jijtukr
kutcmcbgignkåîc hk fusnk bk aunrktgvgbkbj jvcaungchërgk „ ç pkrtj bk bjighgåîc bk prþprgk
nchsngìhngk.
Agvrj krfítrgc hîc ç umk nchbgåîc jxtjrhk quj prjngsk sjr kpagnkbk k nchsngìhngk, jaj ç
iuhbkmjhtka ä jxgstìhngk bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Agvrj krfítrgc ç um ktrgfutc hjnjssërgc bk
nchsngìhngk jvcaughbc ncm sunjssc. Bkbc quj k nchsngìhngk jxgstj, jak prjngsk sjr `kfgagtkbk
pjak mjmþrgk, nkpkngbkbj bj prcnjsskmjhtc bj ghicrmkåîc (ghtjageìhngk), c
ncmpkrtga`kmjhtc ghtjrktgvc bj bkbcs j pcr ikzjr jsnca`ks ncm agvrj krfítrgc, k sjrvgåc bk
jvcauåîc aunrktgvk. Kssgm, k qujstîc bc agvrj krfítrgc sj rjbuz k pjreuhtk scfrj sj vcnì ç
nchsngjhtj, j sj ç, sj k suk nchsngìhngk ç pkrtj bj um sgstjmk ghtjrktgvc ncmpajxc bj
nchsngìhngk3 ^j jstks icrjm rjspchbgbks bj icrmk kigrmktgvk jhtîc suk nchsngìhngk, j c
sgstjmk bc quka jak ç pkrtj, prjngskm jstkr jvcaughbc nchtrk kaeumk mjbgbk bj aunrktgvgbkbj,
pcrquj jstj ç um rjqugsgtc bj tcbcs cs sgstjmks ghtjrktgvcs kutcmcbgignkhtjs. Rkgs sgstjmks
hîc pcbjm jvcaugr hk bgrjåîc bj mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj sjm agvrj krfítrgc pkrk ikzjr ks
jsnca`ks rjqujrgbks.
Jvcauåîc rjqujr jsnca`ks jhtrj katjrhktgvks. Tkrk quj k jvcauåîc jxgstk ncmc um
prcnjssc rjka, ks jsnca`ks prjngskm sjr agvrjs. Tsjubc agvrj ç agvrj c suigngjhtj, bjhtrc bj um
sufsgstjmk bgrgegbc pcr ijjbfkno, ghtjrktgvc j suigngjhtjmjhtj ncmpajxc, pkrk quj c
Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka sjlk jijtgvc bjhtrc bkqujaj sufsgstjmk.
Tkrk gaustrkr mju pchtc, pcrjg vcnì pkrk trkfka`kr. Nchtjmpaj k nchsngìhngk bj um
mkrgsnc cu bj umk kfja`k. K sjeugr, ncmpkrj kqujak nchsngìhngk ncm k nchsngìhngk bj umk
iuturk ejrkåîc bj ncmputkbcrjs. Tjak erkåk bj Bjus, erkhbjs fcaks bj icec! Ycnì
ncmpajtcu k tkrjik jm kpjhks kaeuhs sjeuhbcs! Trjngsc bgzjr, jstcu icrtjmjhtj
gmprjssgchkbc, k prciuhbgbkbj j vjacngbkbj bk suk ncegtkåîc ç vjrbkbjgrkmjhtj mkrnkhtj „
ghbufgtkvjamjhtj, um ijhòmjhc quj vkaj jstubkr pcr sg sþ. Ycnì agstcu tcbks ks bgijrjhåks j
sgmgakrgbkbjs iuhngchkgs3 Tjrnjfju ncmc k agstk bj bgijrjhåks iuhngchkgs ignk nkbk vjz
mjhcr ä mjbgbk quj pchbjrk scfrj cs iuhbkmjhtcs bk nchsngìhngk j bj suk qukagbkbj3 Hks
ërjks bk ghtjhåîc, prcnjssc j jstruturk jxgstjm vkstks bgijrjhåks, mks jstks tìm mjhcs k vjr
ncm ks prcprgjbkbjs fësgnks bk nchsngìhngk j bc agvrj krfítrgc, bc quj ncm mjnkhgsmcs
pkrtgnuakrjs j icrmks bj gmpajmjhtkåîc bj nchsngìhngk.
Kecrk, jxkmghj c agvrj krfítrgc bkqujaj mkrgsnc cu kfja`k. Mkrgsncs j kfja`ks tkmfçm
tìm mugtks jsnca`ks j bjngsújs bgërgks pkrk ikzjr „ j vîc vgvjr cu mcrrjr, jvcaugr cu
rjerjbgr, pjac rjsuatkbc numuaktgvc bkqujaks jsnca`ks, kssgm ncmc hþs. [uîc prjvgsívjgs
sîc cs mkrgsncs3 ûspjgtc quj ks kåújs bjagfjrkbks ghbgvgbukgs bjaj jstjlkm jspka`kbks
scfrj umk jsnkak jstktístgnk quj rjprjsjhtk c jspkåc-bjngsîc bj suk jspçngj. @umkhcs bj
icrmk sgmgakr jxjrnjm agvrj krfítrgc bjhtrc bj sju prþprgc jspkåc-bjngsîc. C tkmkh`c j
ncmpajxgbkbj bkqujaj jspkåc-bjngsîc (pkrk k jspçngj cu ghbgvíbuc) bjpjhbj bk nkpkngbkbj
j qukagbkbj (jhtrcpgk) bk nchsngìhngk quj a`j bë supcrtj. Tkrk umk bkbk nkpkngbkbj
iuhbkmjhtka, mjhcr jhtrcpgk bë supcrtj k um mkgs kmpac, mkgs ncmpajxc, jspkåc bj
bjngsîc. Nkpkngbkbj mkgs katk tkmfçm supcrtk k pctjhngkagbkbj bj jhtrcpgk mjhcr.
Hc nksc bj jstkr gmkeghkhbc, k nkpkngbkbj bk nchsngìhngk ùmkhk ç gmjhsk,gmjhsk, nchtubc
jxjrngtkmcs kpjhks umk irkåîc ghighgtjsgmka bjak. Hcssc pctjhngka vkg hk jsnkak mugtc kaçm
bj sjus sch`cs mkgs acuncs.
acuncs. Bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, k pkrtj bjstj pctjhngka quj tjmcs
ghtjhngchkamjhtj rjkagzkbc, tgpgnkmjhtj supcrtk pcunc mkgs quj k tjbgcsk hcvjak quj
n`kmkmcs ‑vgbk rjka”.
Jstë mkgs
bjngsîc njrtc<kmpac
^jrjs ncm
ncm umk
qukagbkbj
akrek bj nchsngìhngk
jsnkak mkgsbjkatkagvrj
bj jsnca`ks iuhngchkm
krfítrgc jm um jspkåc
„ vgvjm bj
jm umk
rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak, bj umk jsnkak supjrgcr. K rjkagbkbj hk quka k pjrnjpåîc-nchsngìhngk
bjajs iuhngchk ç um supjr-nchluhtc bk rjkagbkbj, jxpjrgmjhtkbk pjak nchsngìhngk ncm
jhtrcpgk mkgs katk. Jstk ç umk nchnausîc þfvgk qukhbc sj ncmpkrk ncm um mkrgsnc, j mugtc
mjhcs þfvgk qukhbc sj ncmpkrk ncm um sjr ncm nchsngìhngk bj qukagbkbj
jxnjpngchkamjhtj katk, kghbk quj cs ekps rjaktgvcs pcsskm sjr bc mjsmc tkmkh`c.
K mkgcrgk bj hþs tjm pcunk pjrnjpåîc bk akreurk j prciuhbgbkbj bj hcssk gehcræhngk.
Ycnì jstë hjnjsskrgkmjhtj ghnchsngjhtj bc quj jstë ghnchsngjhtj. Kaeuhs pcbjm ktç mjsmc
sjhtgr-sj kerkbjngbcs pjac jsqujngmjhtc mgsjrgncrbgcsc nchnjbgbc, pcr jstj iktc þfvgc bk
jxgstìhngk sjhngjhtj. Nchtubc, mj bjgxj ajmfrk-ac quj k gehcræhngk ç ijagngbkbj, kpjhks k
sjrvgåc bj mkhtjr um ijagz j gaubgbc jec. jec. Jm tcbks ks ngrnuhstæhngks, gehcræhngk (j ks
nrjhåks quj jak ejrk) ç umk rjstrgåîc scfrj k vgsîc, um agmgtkbcr bk nchsngìhngk j
pjrnjpåîc, umk pkrjbj bj prgsîc quj prjvghj k nchsngìhngk bj sj jxpkhbgr kaçm bj suk
irchtjgrk ktuka, j um erkhbj bjstrugbcr bj pctjhngka.
Ju bjtjntc um ca`kr bj prjcnupkåîc nchstjrhkbk. ^gm, cs ekps bjtjntkbcs kngmk sîc
kprcxgmkbkmjhtj cs mjsmcs, mks vjlk, rjakxj j tgrj jstks rueks jhtrj ks scfrkhnja`ks, hîc
kbgkhtk sj prjcnupkr scfrj c quj vcnì hîc nch`jnj „ cs mkrgsncs tkmfçm hîc
ncmprjjhbjm. J tcbcs skfjm, mkrgsncs sîc tîc ijagzjs qukhtc mkrgsncs.
Ygsújs kmpaks sîc ghjrjhtjmjhtj bgiínjgs bj vjr bk pjrspjntgvk bk pjqujhk vgsîc. Aë
achej, ghjspjrkbkmjhtj, mubkhåks bj pkrkbgemk icrk-bk-nkgxk sîc sjmprj hjnjssërgks. C`
hîc, hîc pkrjåk tîc bjskhgmkbc „ hîc ç gmpcssívja, kpjhks bjskigkbcr. C iktc bj quj
trkhsnjhbjr k nrjhåk j jxpkhbgr suk nchsngìhngk ç bgiínga bj ktghegr, hîc ç kaec rugm. Bj iktc,
ç umk nkrkntjrístgnk hjnjssërgk bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk ncm sunjssc.
^jm büvgbk, vcnì vì vgrtubj jm rjstrghegr c quj kqujajs jstüpgbcs mkrgsncs pcbjm
jxpjrgmjhtkr j ncm c quj pcsskm agbkr j kprjhbjr. [ukaqujr cutrk ncgsk, cu pksskrgk
bgrjtkmjhtj pcr ngmk bks nkfjåks bjajs, cu cs bjgxkrgk jxtrjmkmjhtj nchiuscs. C qukhtc
vcnì ecstkrgk bj sjr ksskatkbc hk prkgk pcr umk `crbk bj Mkrgsncs Tsíqugncs Ghijrhkgs,
tjhtkhbc jxpacrkr tubc hc pakhjtk, ghnausgvj uhs kcs cutrcs3 Cs rjqugsgtcs ghjecngëvjgs bk
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk pkrk ekh`kr sju nkmgh`c j puxkr vcnì pcr sjus prþprgcs nkbkråcs,
sîc kfscautkmjhtj hjnjssërgcs pkrk kssjeurkr quj qukagbkbj, pcbjr j rjspchskfgagbkbj,
tjh`km cpcrtuhgbkbj bj sj bjsjhvcavjr jm nchluhtc.
Ycnì hîc sjhtj um gmjhsc kagvgc jm skfjr, quj `ë um sgstjmk bj mçrgtc kutc
jqugagfrëvja, quj mkhtçmbj kqujaks

Nkrkmfk, c pjhskmjhtc bjsnkrkbks
um fkhbc nchn`ks
bj mkrgsncs bupakskssgstghbc
sjavkejhs, jm sju auekr
sjrgjs kprcprgkbc3
nòmgnks hk
RY, fjfjhbc njrvjlk, j ktrkvjsskhbc nkmpcs bj kaek urfkhcs, jm fusnk bj ‑ikst iccb” mj
ikz sjhtgr krrjpgcs jm tcbk k jspgh`k.
^jrë quj cs mkrgsncs j kfja`ks kprjhbjm (mcbgignkm suks kåújs j ghtjhåújs ktrkvçs bk
jxpjrgìhngk)3 Nakrc quj jajs pcbjm kprjhbjr. Zskr mjmþrgk, prcnjsskmjhtc j ijjbfkno
pkrk ktghegr kutc mcbgignkåîc (jm rjkåîc kcs kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhcs j jxtjrhcs) jstë hc ncrkåîc
bj hcssk bjighgåîc bj nchsngìhngk. Nchsngìhngk tjm k nkpkngbkbj hkturka bj kprjhbjr.
Kprjhbjr ç kutcmcbgignkåîc prcpcsgtka nrgkbk pjac jxjrníngc bj agvrj krfítrgc quj utgagzk
mjmþrgk, prcnjsskmjhtc j ijjbfkno bjhtrc bj um kmfgjhtj ncmpajxc j ghtjrktgvc.
Kprjhbgzkbc, jvcauåîc j nrjsngmjhtc „ rjbuåîc nchstkhtj bk jhtrcpgk „ ç gmpcssívja sjm k
nchbgåîc, c ktrgfutc iuhngchka quj n`kmkmcs agvrj krfítrgc. Ycnì lë ncmjåk k vjr quj c
agvrj krfítrgc, kprjhbgzkbc j cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj nrjsngmjhtc jvcaungchërgc, sîc ktrgfutcs
hjnjssërgcs j hkturkgs,
Nchsngìhngk bj umk
hîc pcbj nchsngìhngk
jxgstgr ghbgvgbukbkbjjmikzjr
sjm k `kfgagbkbj jvcauåîc3
jsnca`ks kutcbjtjrmghkbks j
kutcmcbgignkhtjs. ^jm agvrj krfítrgc, hîc jxgstj nchsngìhngk. ^jm nchsngìhngk, hîc jxgstj
agvrj krfítrgc. Nchsngìhngk j agvrj krfítrgc hîc pcbjm sjr sjpkrkbcs „ jajs sîc kpjhks
bgijrjhtjs kspjntc bk mjsmk ncgsk. Yjrjmcs quj ç hcssc nchnjgtc bj nkuskagbkbj jstrjgtc,
sjm prghnípgc j njhtrkbc hk TMV, kncpakbc k hcssk më ncmprjjhsîc bks prcprgjbkbjs bk
nchsngìhngk j bk rjkagbkbj, quj jhekhkm j ajvkm ngjhtgstks j igaþscics k knrjbgtkr quj agvrj
krfítrgc ç acegnkmjhtj sjpkrëvja bk nchsngìhngk.
C nchnjgtc bj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc sjm agvrj krfítrgc, ç um jrrc j umk nchstruåîc
tjþrgnk gaþegnk j ghncrrjtk, quj sj kutc bjstrþg jm jstëtgnk, ikatk bj sgehgignkbc j
bjtjrmghgsmc. C hîc ghtjhngchka, mks usukamjhtj gmpaíngtc, prjssupcstc bj nchsngìhngk
mcrtk (sjm bgrjåîc, sjm nrjsngmjhtc, sjm jvcauåîc, sjm prcpþsgtc, hîc vgvjhtj) nrgk um
rkac nchnjgtuka, um fjnc igacsþignc sjm skíbk. Zm mcbjac bj rjkagbkbj bjtjrmghístgnc sþ
pcbj acegnkmjhtj nkåkr suk prþprgk nkabk. Kghbk quj sjlk kutcnchsgstjhtj, hîc ajvk k auekr
hjhùm j hîc prcbuz rjsuatkbc ütga, pcrquj sjus prjssupcstcs bj pjqujhk vgsîc gmpaíngtcs,
sîc iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj ika`cs hk Ygsîc Kmpak chbj k nchsngìhngk vgvj, nrjsnj j jvcaug.
Ykmcs ca`kr pkrk c agvrj krfítrgc bj umk pjrspjntgvk jvcaungchërgk. Nchsgbjrj quj k
jvcauåîc, pcbj kumjhtkr k nkpkngbkbj bj um ghbgvíbuc cu jspçngj, scmjhtj bjhtrc bcs
agmgtjs bk nkpkngbkbj hkturka bkqujaj ghbgvíbuc cu jspçngj. Zm agvrj krfítrgc hjnjssgtk
kpjhks sjr agvrj c suigngjhtj, pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks bjhtrc bj sju prþprgc sgstjmk aþegnc j
jspkåc bj bjngsîc. Bjhtrc bj sju sgstjmk bj rjkagbkbj acnka, umk jhtgbkbj sjhngjhtj prjngsk
sjr agvrj, pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks quj kijtjm bgrjtkmjhtj suks jsnca`ks iuturks. Hctj quj
kmfgjhtjs ghtjrktgvcs ncmpajxcs, ghtjhåîc, mjmþrgk, pcbjr bj prcnjsskmjhtc, ijjbfkno j
kutcmcbgignkåîc, sîc mjnkhgsmcs `kfgagtkbcrjs tkhtc bj agvrj krfítrgc ncmc bj nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk.
Agvrj krfítrgc j nchsngìhngk jvcaujm jm nchluhtc ncmc kspjntcs mutukmjhtj rjicråkhtjs bk
mjsmk ncgsk-sgstjmk KZM. Agvrj krfítrgc jvcaug ncmc um ktrgfutc hkturka j hjnjssërgc bk
nchsngìhngk vgvk.
^cmjhtj sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk quj jvcaujm umk gmpajmjhtkåîc prëtgnk bj agvrj
krfítrgc, pcbjm nchtghukr k prcerjbgr hk bgrjåîc bj kaeumk mjbgbk bj mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj

pjsscka. ^jm umk mjbgbk bj aunrktgvgbkbj numuaktgvk (kutc mja`crgk), hîc pcbj `kvjr
jvcauåîc cu prcerjssc. Nchsngìhngk mcrtk lkmkgs jvcaugrgk cu ikrgk prcerjssc? hîc rjkagzkrgk
hkbk, hjm mjsmc jxgstgrgk. ^þ k Acegnk bk vgsîc jstrjgtk sjm ghíngc (vjlk c Nkpítuac ;0,
Agvrc ;) pcbj ekrkhtgr jxgstìhngk tjþrgnk k um sgstjmk bjtjrmghístgnc mcrtc bj nchsngìhngk,
quj vjm bj mja`cr

ncmprjjhbj auekr hjhùm j vkg
ks crgejhs pkrk auekr hjhùm,
j prcprgjbkbjs mks umk
bk nchsngìhngk, sj bëvgsîc
nchtkmkgs
quj kmpak qujj
‑mcrtc”
‑hîc jxgstjhtj” sîc acegnkmjhtj jqugvkajhtjs qukhbc kpagnkbcs k nchsngìhngk.
Nchsngìhngk ghtjerkbk ncm agvrj krfítrgc, ç ncmc c crekhgsmc KZM bjvj jvcaugr k igm
bj jvcaugr jm kfscautc. Agvrj krfítrgc ç ghjrjhtj kc hcssc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks ecvjrhkbcr. Ç
k hkturjzk bk nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc (bj qukaqujr ncgsk jm jvcauåîc) ikzjr jsnca`ks
jspjngignks, bcs fga`újs bj pcssgfgagbkbjs bgspchívjgs. Vjsuatkbcs rjiajtjm ghtjrkåîc
ncmpajxk mkssgvk, sjmprj-mubkhbc kutc mcbgignëvjgs ngnacs bj ijjbfkno, j sîc
numuaktgvcs. Kprjhbgzkbc tjm auekr rjaktgvc ks jsnca`ks ijgtks. Ca`j jm vcatk „ jssj
jsqujmk rjprjsjhtk k hkturjzk iuhbkmjhtka bks jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs, ghbgvgbukgs j ncajtgvks.
[uj tcbks ks jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs pkrjnjm rjiajtgr ks prcprgjbkbjs iuhbkmjhtkgs j prcnjsscs
bk nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc, ç um pchtc bj bkbc gmpcrtkhtj k nchsgbjrkr.
Zm sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk nchtjhbc mugtks uhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukbks, ç sgmgakr k um ncrpc
ijgtc
hgheuçmbj nçauaks, cu k hc
jm pkrtgnuakr umknchtrcaj.
ghtjrhjtJsnca`ks
ncmpcstksîcbjijgtks,
fga`újs bj ncmputkbcrjs
pknctjs bj ghicrmkåîcghbgvgbukgs
vîc kqug cu„
kag, rjsuatkbcs sîc kerjekbcs bj um fga`îc bj bjngsújs ghbjpjhbjhtjs j ghtjrbjpjhbjhtjs.
Jstjs rjsuatkbcs bgrjngchkm bjngsújs kbgngchkgs, quj bgrjngchkm mkgs rjsuatkbcs. Hjhùm
ghbgvíbuc pakhjlk, nchtrcak cu bgrgej gstc. Gstc mubk j jvcaug pcr sg mjsmc bj kncrbc ncm
suk nkpkngbkbj, sju kmfgjhtj j ks rjstrgåújs kpagnkbks. Bjngsújs ghbgvgbukgs bj nkbk nçauak,
usuërgc bj ghtjrhjt cu uhgbkbj-bj-nchsngìhngk, sîc ijgtks bj kncrbc ncm sju prþprgc
ghtjrjssj gmjbgktc „ ncmc qujr quj jssj ghtjrjssj sjlk pjrnjfgbc hkqujaj mcmjhtc. Agvrj
krfítrgc ç ghjrjhtj k nkbk nçauak, usuërgc bj ghtjrhjt cu uhgbkbj ghbgvgbukbk bj nchsngìhngk.
C jspkåc bj bjngsîc pcbj sjr rjaktgvkmjhtj pjqujhc hc hívja njauakr, mks jaj ç sjhngjhtj,
sjhngjhtj,
tkmfçm jxgstj um jspkåc bj bjngsîc ighgtc pkrk supcrtkr k jxgstìhngk j iuhngchkmjhtc
bkqujak sjhngìhngk.
Nchsngìhngk j agvrj krfítrgc khbkm luhtcs ncmc ghkakr j jxkakr, ncmc mkmíijrcs j
sjxukagbkbj, ncmc ekagh`ks j cvcs. Ncmc hksngmjhtc, vgbk j mcrtj, nchsngìhngk j agvrj
krfítrgc vîc rjprjsjhtkr umk ncmfghkåîc prëtgnk bj ktrgfutcs hjnjssërgcs pkrk c
iuhngchkmjhtc jqugagfrkbc bj um sgstjmk jvcauåîc rjka (hîc tjþrgnc).
Hcssc agvrj krfítrgc hîc prjngsk vgr bj kaeumk nchsgbjrkåîc tjþrgnk cu prcnjssc
ghbjpjhbjhtj „ jaj ç sgmpajsmjhtj pkrtj bc sgstjmk, ghjrjhtj k jxgstìhngk j kc prcnjssc bj
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. C nchluhtc-bj-rjerks quj bjighj hcssk rjkagbkbj acnka bjvj
hjnjsskrgkmjhtj jxprjsskr agvrj krfítrgc pcrquj ç ncmc, umk nchsngìhngk quj jvcaug ikzjhbc
jsnca`ks, cpjrk. ^j kaeuçm nchnjfj c agvrj krfítrgc ncmc sjhbc tjcrgnkmjhtj bjrgvkbc bj
kaeum prcnjssc kajktþrgc ghbjpjhbjhtj, umk krmkbga`k aþegnk ngrnuakr ç nrgkbk. Ajmfrj-sj
bc Nkpítuac ;0 hc Agvrc ;, chbj bgsnutgmcs k nrjhåk bk TMV, bj quj tubc prjngsk sjr
nkuskbc pcr kaec mkgs (chbj hjhùm ghíngc ç kbmgtgbc). Jstk nrjhåk acegnkmjhtj hcs icråk k
nchtkfgagzkr umk jxgstìhngk ghbjpjhbjhtj bc cvc, khtjs quj pcsskmcs pjrmgtgr k
pcssgfgagbkbj bk ekagh`k „ cu vgnj-vjrsk. Kssgm, c quj vjgc prgmjgrc, k ekagh`k cu c cvc3 K
qujstîc nkrrjek hjak mjsmk, c prjssupcstc bj umk nkuskagbkbj, quj jagmghk k pcssgfgagbkbj
bj umk rjspcstk aþegnk j nchstrutgvk. Bj umk pjrspjntgvk mkgcr, k rjspcstk ç þfvgk< Jstë
nakrc quj hjm um hjm cutrc vjgc prgmjgrc „ jajs jvcauírkm luhtcs „ kssgm ncmc
nchsngìhngk j agvrj krfítrgc.
K kpkrìhngk bj prcfajmk aþegnc, ç nrgkbk pjak pjreuhtk gaþegnk. Hîc sjlk kprgsgchkbc hk
gmprcbutgvk qujstîc bk ekagh`k j bc cvc, chbj k aþegnk pjrsjeuj c prþprgc rkfc. Tcbj
pkrjnjr um erkhbj mgstçrgc, mks ç sþ umk qujstîc mka crgjhtkbk, fksjkbk jm pcfrj
jhtjhbgmjhtccfljtgvk
nkuskagbkbj bcs rjqugsgtcs aþegncs
bj vgsîc jstrjgtk (vjrbcs ghgngcs,
Nkpítuac j Agvrc
;0 hc pjak ;).
kpagnkåîc ghkprcprgkbk, bk
Ngjhtgstks, igaþscics j tjþacecs bjvjrgkm rjsgstgr k prcnurkr um prcnjssc quj nrgk agvrj
krfítrgc, cu bj icrmk jqugvkajhtj, jagmghk c bjtjrmghgsmc. Jssj fkabj tjm um iurc. Agvrj
krfítrgc hîc tjm quj sjr nchstruíbc bj pjåks mjhcrjs, cu bjrgvkbc ktrkvçs bj um prcnjssc
khkaítgnc nchtrcakbc „ gstc rjprjsjhtk um típgnc mka-jhtjhbgbc bk vgsîc jstrjgtk hk TMV,
fksjkbc jm hk nrjhåk jm um prcnjssc nkuska quj hîc pcbj supcrtkr bj icrmk aþegnk cs
ghíngcs. Ekagh`ks khtjs bcs cvcs3 Cvcs khtjs bks ekagh`ks3 Tjrnjfj quj k aþegnk ika`k ikz
jstks qujstújs pkrjnjrjm prciuhbks jm vjz bj jstupgbks3 Ç umk aþegnk sgmgakrmjhtj ika`k
quj bë supcrtj kc nchnjgtc bc bjtjrmghgsmc jvcnkhbc umk nkuskagbkbj j pjqujhk vgsîc quj
ç bjsprcvgbk bj umk kprjngkåîc bk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak quj ç fksjkbk jm umk nchsngìhngk
jm jvcauåîc bghæmgnk.
Jhtîc, c quj vjgc prgmjgrc „ k nchsngìhngk cu c agvrj krfítrgc3 Nchnauímcs k pkrtgr bk
aþegnk bj vgsîc jstrjgtk,
nchtjmpcræhjks< Mjhtj,quj hjhùmk
ç hkbk kaçmjxgstj3 K gstciísgnc
bc nçrjfrc sj scmk
j bkk fgcquímgnk,
pcsgåîc bk ngìhngk j igacscigkç
tcbk rjkagbkbj
iísgnk j tcbk ghicrmkåîc ç tjcrgnkmjhtj nch`jnívja j jvjhtukamjhtj prjvgsívja. [uj jstks
nrjhåks, vîc nchtrk bkbcs nugbkbcskmjhtj ncajtkbcs bk jxpjrgìhngk bgërgk, sjhbc
ghnchsgstjhtj jhtrj jajs j hîc tjhbc fcm sjhsc ngjhtgignc, knkfk nchvjhgjhtjmjhtj gehcrkbc,
pkrk knkamkr ks jxgeìhngks bk nkuskagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc, jm pkrtgnuakr, j bc bcemk
ngjhtíignc jm ejrka.
Ncm umk mjhtj kfjrtk j vgsîc irjsnk, hîc ç bgiínga vjr quj k mkgcrgk bcs ngjhtgstks, j
igaþscics tkmfçm pkrk hîc cs jsqujnjr, tjm jmprjekbc nrjhåks nuaturkgs j prcigssgchkgs,
pkrk sj ncacnkr jm um ‑nkhtc” ghtjajntuka. [uj c agvrj krfítrgc j k nchsngìhngk bjvkm
jvcaugr jm nchluhtc, ncmc um ktrgfutc hjnjssërgc j hkturka bj qukaqujr icrmk-jhjregk
sjhngjhtj jm jvcauåîc, ç umk tjsj quj rjscavj mugtcs bcs prcfajmks bjstknkbcs bk ngìhngk
j igacscigk. Kpagquj jstj nchnjgtc pkrk umk icrmk-jhjregk bgegtka suigngjhtjmjhtj ncmpajxk
ncmc k KZC j vcnì cftjrë k KZM, j vcnì „ luhtc ncm umk ekrkhtgk pcr tcbk k vgbk bj
sjrvgåcs bk nrjn`j j prç-jsncak hk TMV.
Ycnì skfj, c quj ç bgtc scfrj khgmkgs jhnurrkakbcs sjrjm jspjngkamjhtj pjrgecscs<
Nkbk pkakvrk ç vjrbkbj j sjrgk hjeagejhtj bk mgh`k pkrtj hîc kajrtkr. Rjh`k nugbkbc, suk
nrjbgfgagbkbj pjsscka j prcigssgchka pcbj sjr sjavkejmjhtj ktknkbk, j fjm mknùnkbk, pcr
um bcemk tjhkz j pjrvjrsc. Bj iktc, mugtks crekhgzkåújs j ghstgtugåújs knkbìmgnks, ncm
þtgmks rjputkåújs k mkhtjr, tjm bcemks bj eukrbk pktrua`khbc sjus ncrrjbcrjs. Jstks
vja`ks, mkavkbks, ghtgmgbkbcrks, pcaítgnks j pcbjrcsks nrgkturks, icrkm nchigkbks ncm k
tkrjik bj kpagnkr umk ncrrjåîc nchnjgtuka bk quka, tcbcs quj sîc gmpcrtkhtjs pcbjm sj
creua`kr. Hc muhbc rjka j bj katk jhtrcpgk bk TMV chbj pcbjrjs jec-pcaítgncs mchgtcrkm
quksj tcbk hukhnj bk ktgvgbkbj bgërgk, vcnì prjngsk kprjhbjr k kpagnkr nkiuhçs mugtc sukvjs,
ncåk-acs ktrës bks crja`ks j sjmprj nkrrjekr fgsncgtc kbgngchka jm sju fcasc. Rkavjz
ncmfktjr icec ncm icec sjlk umk fck gbjgk jm kaeumks ngrnuhstkhngks, mks ncmfktjr jec
ncm jec jm um ncmfktj bj bcemk, ç sjmprj um bjskstrj pkrk tcbcs cs jhvcavgbcs.
Hcssks agmgtkåújs nchnjgtukgs irjqujhtjmjhtj ejrkm nchtrkbgåújs aþegnks. Mjhtj-
mktçrgk, bukagbkbj chbk-pkrtínuak j pkrjs jhtrjakåkbcs nkjm tcbcs, hjstk mjsmk njstk bj
nkuskagbkbj-nchiusk. K Ygsîc Kmpak jxprjssk k vjrbkbjgrk hkturjzk bk rjkagbkbj, jhqukhtc
k pjqujhk vgsîc jxprjssk k gausîc ncmpkrtga`kbk bj um erupc bj nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks,
mktrgnuakbks hc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV (jstj nchnjgtc ç mkgs bjtka`kbc hks ^jåújs
2 j :). Cs nchiagtcs j pkrkbcxcs quj vcnì vì, hîc sîc rjkgs j hîc jxgstjm hk Ygsîc Kmpak.
Nchiagtcs aþegncs
prjssupcstcs j pkrkbcxcs,
jrròhjcs pkrjnjm
bk ngìhngk bk pjqujhkjxgstgr
vgsîc. bjhtrc bk vgsîc jstrjgtk, pcr nkusk bj
Zm khëacec< c mëegnc prcigssgchka kpjhks pkrjnj ncrtkr k erkngcsk kssgstjhtj kc mjgc.
Ekstkr suks hcgtjs sj prjcnupkhbc scfrj k kpkrjhtj gmpcssgfgagbkbj bc pkrkbcxc bk mcåk
(ncmc mcåks pcbjm sjr sjrrkbks kc mjgc j jhtîc uhgbks bj hcvc) j krqugtjtkr tjcrgks
ncmpajxks, scfrj k mgnrc iusîc bcs tjngbcs, ç ejrkamjhtj gmprcbutgvc j huhnk ajvkrë k umk
scauåîc sktgsiktþrgk, pcrquj cs prjssupcstcs ncrrjtcs j þfvgcs (mks ju vg ncm mjus prþprgcs
ca`cs) quj c mëegnc (suk nuaturk) tj ajvcu knrjbgtkr sîc, bj iktc, jrrkbcs.
[ukhbc hcssk nrjhåk ngjhtgignk hk nkuskagbkbj bk TMV, ika`k brkmktgnkmjhtj khtj
hcsscs ca`cs, tjhbjmcs k nchstrugr jakfcrkbks jstruturks tjþrgnks pkrk mkhtjr hcssk nrjhåk,
j skavkr c bcemk skerkbc bk ngìhngk cfljtgvk trkbgngchka. Vjsgstk kc gmpuasc bj tcrhkr c
agvrj krfítrgc cu k psg, mkgs ncmpagnkbcs bc quj rjkamjhtj sîc. Hîc ç c nksc bj vcnì tjr
umk nchsngìhngk, mks sgm bj sjr umk.
Bjtjrmghgsmc
trkfka`ëvja fksjkbkçjmigacscignkmjhtj gmprcbutgvc,
chgsngìhngk cu prcnjsscs umk pcssgfgagbkbj
pjrijgtkmjhtj tjcrgnkmjhtj
bjighgbcs pkrk hîc
tubc jm tcbc
auekr. Hîc `ë bkbcs rjkgs bj supcrtj j ejrkamjhtj ç fksjkbc jm bcemks rjagegcscs (bjus
nch`jnj tubc) cu prjssupcstcs jrròhjcs bk vgsîc jstrjgtk (bcemk ngjhtgignc „ k ngìhngk skfj,
cu pcbj skfjr, tubc).
^jm agvrj krfítrgc, nchsngìhngk hîc ç nchsngìhngk „ jak ç mjrkmjhtj um prcnjssc sjm
prcpþsgtc. Ç tjcrgnkmjhtj gmpcssívja, tgrkr k umgbkbj bk keuk agqugbk, cu c irgc (rjaktgvc k
tjmpjrkturk pkbrîc bk skak) bc ejac. Nchsngìhngk sjm agvrj krfítrgc sjrgk ncmc ejac qujhtj
cu keuk agqugbk sjnk. C nchnjgtc bj nchsngìhngk sjm agvrj krfítrgc, nrgk umk ghnchsgstìhngk
aþegnk. Tcrquj hþs, bk vgsîc agmgtkbk bk TMV hîc kprjngkmcs k hkturjzk bk nchsngìhngk,
sjpkrkmcs c nchnjgtc bj agvrj krfítrgc bk nchsngìhngk j tjhtkmcs bkr k jaj umk nkuskagbkbj
ühgnk, umk fksj tjþrgnk ghbjpjhbjhtj. C rjsuatkbc, ç quj tjrmghkmcs nkåkhbc hcssk prþprgk
nkubk aþegnk, tgrkhbc nchnausújs nchtrërgks kc quj mcstrk hcssks jxpjrgìhngks bgërgks ncmc
nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukgs.
Tcr nkusk bj hcssk pjrspjntgvk bj vgsîc jstrjgtk, prcljtkmcs hcssc sjhsc TMV bj
nch`jngmjhtc ighgtc, jm um prjssupcstc tjþrgnc bj chgsngìhngk, c quka jagmghk c agvrj
krfítrgc j rjbuz k nchsngìhngk, k um prcfajmk bk iísgnk khkaítgnk cu bj ncmputkbcr hk TMV.
Bjpcgs bgstc ignkmcs ktcakbcs j sjm hjhùm auekr pkrk gr. Hjhùm nrjsngmjhtc, jsnca`k,
ghtjhåîc, jvcauåîc, hjhùmk nchsngìhngk pjsscka, prcpþsgtc cu pchtc. Bjtjrmghgsmc
ecvjrhk k tjrrk bc nch`jngmjhtc mcrtc j agmgtkbc. Zm jncssgstjmk ncmpajxc bj
nchsngìhngk bjsjh`kbc pjak jvcauåîc pkrk sjr sgmuatkhjkmjhtj, icrk bj nchtrcaj j
jqugagfrkbc, j jm nchtíhuc jstkbc bj rjbjighgr jaj mjsmc bjgxk k chgsngìhngk ncmc
tjcrgnkmjhtj gmpcssívja.
C cvc hîc pcbj acegnkmjhtj jxgstgr sjm umk ekagh`k khtjrgcr, j k ekagh`k hîc pcbj
jxgstgr sjm um cvc khtjrgcr „ nchtubc, ç acegnkmjhtj (bkbcs cs prjssupcstcs gmpaíngtcs)
gmpcssívja pkrk qukaqujr bcs bcgs jxgstgr. Jm tjrmcs bk ekagh`ks j cvcs, jstk nchnausîc ç
tîc fcfk ncmc ç aþegnk. Tcbjrgk sjr bgtc quj jstk nchnausîc ç acnkamjhtj aþegnk, bjhtrc bc
jspkåc rjstrgtc bj scauåîc, chbj cs prjssupcstcs sj mkhtçm. Jm tjrmcs bj nchsngìhngk, agvrj
krfítrgc, j bjtjrmghgsmc, um prcnjssc sgmgakrmjhtj ika`c pkrjnj icrhjnjr umk scauåîc

knjgtëvja, pkrk mugtcs tjnhþigacs, quj hîc jhnchtrkm um mjgc aþegnc, pkrk bjrgvkr c agvrj
krfítrgc jm sjpkrkbc bk nkuskagbkbj acnka bk TMV.
Ykmcs nchvjrskr um mcmjhtc scfrj k gmpajmjhtkåîc bc agvrj krfítrgc jm umk
rjkagbkbj acnka. Ajmfrj-sj quj umk rjkagbkbj acnka ç umk bgmjhsîc ühgnk bj jxgstìhngk j
ghtjrkåîcacnka
krfítrgc „ um sufnchluhtc
prjngsj ncmputkngchka
sjr ejrkbc „ bjhtrc bgegtka
pcr umk nchsngìhngk bc sgstjmk
mkgs bk KZM. [ujhîc
iuhbkmjhtka, umhjek
agvrjk
jijtgvgbkbj cu iuhngchkagbkbj bkqujaj agvrj krfítrgc kc hívja acnka. Zm sgstjmk bgegtka pcbj
ktjhbjr tcbcs cs rjqugsgtcs bj um agvrj krfítrgc acnka jm iuhngchkmjhtc, cpjrkhbc bjhtrc bj
um sufnchluhtc rjstrgtc bc sgstjmk bgegtka. Bk pjrspjntgvk acnka, c agvrj krfítrgc pkrk
jxprjsskr k vcnì mjsmc (jxjrngtkr suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk), pjaks jsnca`ks k pkrtgr bj
umk jsnkak ighgtk bj pcssgfgagbkbjs bgsnrjtks, quj jxgstjm bjhtrc bj sju jspkåc bj bjngsîc, ç
pjrnjfgbk, jijtgvk j rjka. [uj jstj prcnjssc jbunkngchka kutcmcbgignkhtj, sjlk bjrgvkbc bj
um sgstjmk kaecrítmgnc bgegtka mkgs ncmpajxc, hîc gmpcrtk pkrk k jignëngk bc prcnjssc
acnka bj ikzjr-jsnca`ks quj `kfgagtk jvcauåîc, nrjsngmjhtc j kprjhbgzkbcs ühgncs bjhtrc bc
sgstjmk acnka.
Nkbk jhtgbkbj nchsngjhtj jstë jxjrngtkhbc sju agvrj krfítrgc, pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks bjhtrc
bj suk prþprgk rjkagbkbj agmgtkbk. Nkbk um skfj pcunc cu hkbk bkqugac quj jstë kbgkhtj.
Tjhsj scfrjjhtgbkbj
[ujr umk c agvrj krfítrgc bj nkbk cu
sjlk frga`khtj jhtgbkbj,
cpknk,jm tjrmcsjm
fksjkbk bj rjqugsgtcs cpjrkngchkgs
nkrfchc, sgaíngc, prëtgncs.
cu nçauaks-bj-
rjkagbkbj, jak prjngsk ikzjr jsnca`ks ühgnks, fksjkbks-hk-ghtjhåîc bjhtrc bj sju jspkåc bj
bjngsîc cpjrktgvc ighgtc, k igm bj jhnchtrkr icrmks mkgs aunrktgvks bj jxgstgr j ikzjr
hjeþngcs. Zm agvrj krfítrgc cpjrkngchka ç fksjkbc jm mjmþrgk, nkpkngbkbj bj
prcnjsskmjhtc j jhtrkbks bj bkbcs pksskbks j prjsjhtjs (jxpjrgìhngk) jspjníignks. Bkbcs bj
jxpjrgìhngk sîc rjnca`gbcs kc achec bc tjmpc, pjak pjrnjpåîc bk jhtgbkbj, bj sjus
kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhcs j jxtjrhcs. Tjhsj hc agvrj krfítrgc, ncmc um bgspcsgtgvc jvcaungchërgc
prëtgnc bj nchsngìhngk, mkgs bc quj ncmc um prcnjssc tjþrgnc pkrk irustrkr c bjtjrmghgsmc
ncm kajktcrgjbkbj vjrbkbjgrk.
Agvrj krfítrgc iuhngchka, k qukaqujr quj sjlk c hívja bj kpagnkåîc, rjqujr hîc mkgs quj k
`kfgagbkbj prëtgnk bj ikzjr jsnca`ks fksjkbks hk ghtjhåîc, chbj k ghtjhåîc ç umk iuhåîc bk
qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk ikzjhbc jsnca`ks. ^j tka mjnkhgsmc, pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks aunrktgvks
kc hívja acnka (tkavjz fksjkbc jm umk kvkagkåîc bks jsnca`ks pksskbks), pubjr sjr krrkhlkbc,
k nchsngìhngk pcbj prcvjr c ghstrumjhtc pkrk suk prþprgk jvcauåîc.
Kc hívja acnka, chbj k kåîc ç tcmkbk, c jspkåc bj bjngsîc bj umk jhtgbkbj, ç bjighgbc
pcr um nchluhtc ighgtc bj jsnca`ks bgsnrjtks. Kpagnkåújs tjþrgnks bj kajktcrgjbkbj kc hívja
mkgs katc (nchsngìhngk jvcaughbc pkrk sjr nkpkz bj ca`kr pkrk cs bjtka`js bj sju prþprgc
prcnjssc, cu k ghvjhåîc bj um pjrijgtc cu suigngjhtjmjhtj fcm ejrkbcr-bj-hümjrcs-
kajktþrgcs), hîc sîc rjajvkhtjs kc prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc gmjhskmjhtj ncmpajxc, ghtjrktgvc
j kutcmcbgignkhtj, quj sj pkssk bjhtrc bj rjkagbkbjs acnkgs, tkgs ncmc k TMV. ◂
▼▼ Ykmcs ikzjr cutrk pkusk nurtk. Jstcu bjtjntkhbc kaeuhs ca`cs jmfkåkhbc j
kaeumks nkfjåks krrjkhbc ghnchtrcakvjamjhtj hks igajgrks bj trës. Rcbcs bj pç kecrk!
^gm, jstcu ikakhbc bj vcnì tkmfçm „ ajvkhtj-sj „ j krrkstj kqujak nkbjgrk pkrk trkz!
Jstë njrtc,
mghutc… ktçigquj
tcbcs bj pç! Kacheuj-sj,
jstkrjm bj pç. Ykmcsjrek
Lkoj,csajvkhtj-sj,
frkåcs... vcnì
ç gstc.
tjmKecrk sþ mkgs
bj luhtkr-sj um
k hþs.
mghutc… ktç tcbcs jstkrjm bj pç. Ykmcs Lkoj, ajvkhtj sj, vcnì tjm bj luhtkr sj k hþs.
Kecrk vkmcs skatkr vgecrcskmjhtj scfrj um pç, jhqukhtc ikzjm suk mja`cr gmgtkåîc
bc ergtc bc Rkrzkh. Tuak, puak, puak... ergtkhbc mkgs icrtj, mkgs icrtj. Ç gstc Lkoj, vcnì
mj bjgxk creua`csc.
Hîc sj prjcnupj
prjcnu pj ncm c quj ks pjsscks k suk vcatk vîc pjhskr „ vcnì jstë pprjstjs
rjstjs k
a`js bkr umk erkhbj cpcrtuhgbkbj-kprjhbgzkbc pkrk prktgnkr k ncmpkgxîc. Kssgm quj
vcnì tjh`k ncmpajtkbc suk pkrtj bj puakr j ergtkr, bjgxj nkgr bcgs nufcs bj ejac hk suk
nkmgsk,
tkmfçm.j[ukhbc
sj vcnìjaks
jstgvjr vjstghbc
tgvjrjm jspcrtjsjhtj-sj.
bjrrjtgbc, jxtrjmc, pch`k umk hk suk rcupk bj fkgxc
Zku! Ycnì hîc sj sjhtgu þtgmc3!
Jstk ç k tçnhgnk pktjhtjkbk bj kncrbkr bc Rgc Rcm „ ncm ekrkhtgk bj iuhngchkr
sjmprj. Hk vjrbkbj, sj vcnì ncmprkr jstj agvrc ncm sju prþprgc bgh`jgrc, pcbjrë tjr
mgh`k pjrmgssîc grrjstrgtk pkrk uskr jstk tçnhgnk sjmprj quj qugsjr „ um bcs mugtcs
fjhjiíngcs bj pcssugr umk Fge RCJ quj tj kbgngchk pcr nkusk bj suk skfgk jsnca`k bj
mktjrgka bj ajgturk. Jstkmcs quksj tjrmghkbcs kqug, kssgm quj keujhtj um pcunc mkgs
j pcbjrë kprjhbjr kaec ütga. Hîc ca`j pkrk mgm kssgm... huhnk sj skfj, pcbj
knchtjnjr. ◂◂
▼ Nch`jngmjhtc pjrijgtc (k cmhgsngìhngk hjnjssërgk pkrk supcrtkr um prcnjssc
bjtjrmghgstk)
rjkgs, hîc pcbj jvcaugr,
kutc mcbgignëvjgs pcrqujquj
j ghtjrktgvcs, hîc sjlkm
ç umkerkhbjs
pcssgfgagbkbj prëtgnk bjhtrc
j ncmpajxcs. bj sgstjmks
Bk pjrspjntgvk bk
jvcauåîc, um bjtjrmghgsmc jstkehkbc hîc ç aunrktgvc pkrk c sgstjmk. Kutcmja`crgk,
kprjhbgzkbc j nrjsngmjhtc sgehgignktgvc bgrgegbc-k-cfljtgvcs, sîc aunrktgvcs pkrk c sgstjmk „
j jajs, pcr bjighgåîc, hîc pcbjm jxgstgr jm um sgstjmk bjtjrmghístgnc. Vjsuatkbcs kajktþrgcs
sjm sgehgignkbc, bcs prcnjsscs kajktþrgcs sjm sgehgignkbc, hîc pcbjm prcbuzgr aunrktgvgbkbj
numuaktgvk. Rka ^gstjmk hîc pcbj bkr supcrtj ks prcprgjbkbjs j qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk,
ncmc ks jxpjrgmjhtkmcs. Zm sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc ncmc c hcssc, hîc pcbj
sjr supcrtkbc qujr sjlk pcr um sgstjmk tctkamjhtj kajktþrgc, cu tctkamjhtj bjtjrmghístgnc,
pcr quj hîc pcbj `kvjr aunrktgvgbkbj numuaktgvk jm hjhùm bjajs.
Ycnì ncmjåk k vjr k nchjxîc jhtrj agvrj krfítrgc j hcsscs bcgs prjssupcstcs fësgncs
(nchsngìhngk j jvcauåîc „ vjlk c Nkpgtuac 62 bc Agvrc ;)3 Bkbc c buc bghæmgnc bk
nchsngìhngk j jvcauåîc ncmc cs bjsnrjvjmcs, agvrj krfítrgc rjsuatk ncmc um rjsuatkbc
aþegnc hjnjssërgc.
nchtkfgagzkbc. AgvrjHîc ç um
krfítrgc, gherjbgjhtj
ç kpjhks kbgngchka
c rjsuatkbc quj bjbkkaeumk
bk jhjregk icrmkj bc
nchsngìhngk prjngsk sjr
prcnjssc
jvcaungchërgc, bjsagzkhbc luhtcs pkrk k nkmk, pkrk um lufgacsc mcmjhtc bj nrgkåîc quj
kghbk hîc tjrmghcu. Bjstk uhgîc, tcbk k rjkagbkbj j jxgstìhngk iaug. Hcsscs bcgs prjssupcstcs
fësgncs hîc kpjhks pjrmgtjm j bîc nchtk bc agvrj krfítrgc, mks bj icrmk aþegnk c jxgejm j
jhtîc c nrgkm, k pkrtgr bj ghtjrkåîc sghçregnk bj sunjssc.
Cmhgsngìhngk tjþrgnk hîc tjm qukaqujr sgehgignkbc bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk
rjka jm jvcauåîc. Tcrquj sgstjmks rjkgs vìm k jxgstìhngk ktrkvçs bj jvcauåîc aunrktgvk,
kqujajs quj hîc tjm um prcljtc, nchluhtc-bj-rjerks cu prcnjssc jstruturka pkrk jvcaugr hk
bgrjåîc bj sjr mkgs j mkgs ütga j aunrktgvc pkrk jajs mjsmcs, hîc n`jekm k auekr kaeum? hîc
nrjsnjm cu sj tcrhkm mkgs. Jm vjz bgstc, jajs ignkm ktcakbcs jm um prcnjssc bjsicnkbc,
sjm sjhtgbc, hîc eugkbc j hîc aunrktgvc (qujr sjlk kajktþrgc cu bjtjrmghístgnc) quj hîc pcbj
bj vjrbkbj huhnk sj icrmktkr jm um sgstjmk rjka. Jajs hîc sj tcrhkm. Tjrmkhjnjm hkbks
ncm katk jhtrcpgk cu rjprjsjhtkm prcnjsscs ghjrtjs sjm sgehgignkbc. Jvcauåîc hîc pcbj
ikzì-acs prcerjbgr hk bgrjåîc bj mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj. Ncmc rjljgtcs bk jvcauåîc, sj vîc,
mcrrjm j bjskpkrjnjm sjm `kfgagbkbj pkrk mkhtjr umk jxgstìhngk ncjrjhtj.
Jxgstìhngk ghncjrjhtj, hîc pcbj pjrsgstgr cu nchvjregr pkrk um sgstjmk quj iuhngchj. Tcr
bjighgåîc jajs prjngskm sj bgsscavjr tîc prchtkmjhtj ncmc sj icrmkrkm. Zm sgstjmk bj
nchsngìhngk jvcaug (kumjhtk suk aunrktgvgbkbj), pjak rjbuåîc bj suk jhtrcpgk. Tcr bjighgåîc,
kajktcrgjbkbj j bjtjrmghgsmc hîc pcbjm tjr cfljtgvcs bj achec prkzc, rkzîc, prcpþsgtc cu
aunrktgvgbkbj „ hjhùm sgstjmk bj sunjssc, rjka j iuhngchkhbc (bghæmgnc) pcbj sjr ejrkbc
scf Rcbk
jstks nchbgåújs.
k rjkagbkbj, tîc achej qukhtc pcsskmcs nch`jnjr, pjacs bkbcs quj ncajtkmcs ktç
kqug, sj jhnkgxk hk icrmk bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc, quj cfvgkmjhtj tjm
rjerks, icnc j prcpþsgtc. Nrjsnjr hk bgrjåîc bj mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj, pjrmjgk tcbk k
jxgstìhngk. Hîc `ë ghbgnkåîc bj quj k jxgstìhngk sjlk hjm kajktþrgk, hjm sjm aunrktgvgbkbj
prcpcsgtka bghæmgnk, nchtubc, jxgstj umk prjpchbjræhngk bj ngrnuhstkhngks jvgbjhngkgs jm
nchtrërgc. ^j vcnì hîc tjm jxpjrgìhngk bk TMV ncmc sjhbc n`jgk bj prcpþsgtc j tjhbc cs
ktrgfutcs bk nchsngìhngk „ mjsmc quj vcnì sjlk tctkamjhtj sjm nch`jngmjhtc bc sju
prcpþsgtc mkgcr j ncmpajtkmjhtj sjm nchigkhåk hk suk ghtugåîc j nch`jngmjhtc sufljtgvc „
kghbk kssgm, vcnì hîc pcbj jhnchtrkr hjhùm ghbgnkbcr kpchtkhbc pkrk umk rjkagbkbj
kajktþrgk, jstëtgnk cu bjtjrmghístgnk.
Ghtjrprjtkr gehcræhngk bj prcpþsgtc, ncmc ikatk bj prcpþsgtc ç um jrrc aþegnc. C
jxgstjhngkagsmc ijz jstj jrrc pcrquj, kghbk quj nakrkmjhtj tjh`k vgstc ks agmgtkåújs
ghnkpkngtkhtjs bj mugtcs
suk prþprgk nrjhåk bcs sgstjmks
bj vgsîc bj nrjhåk
jstrjgtk jm bk pjqujhkuhgvjrska.
umk nkuskagbkbj vgsîc, icg ^jm
ghëfgahjhùm
jm trkhsnjhbjr
ncmjåc
(ncmprjjhsîc bk nchsngìhngk j bj hcssk nchjxîc ncm jak) j sjm ighka (prcpþsgtc
jvcaungchërgc bk nchsngìhngk), cs jxgstjhngkagstks icrkm bjgxkbcs ä bjrgvk j sjm ajmj.
Nchsngìhngk j agvrj krfítrgc sîc bk mjsmk rkgz jvcaungchërgk. Ncmc c trchnc j cs eka`cs
bk mjsmk ërvcrj, jajs prjngskm nrjsnjr luhtcs „ ghsjpkrkvjamjhtj uhgbcs j jvcaughbc
jxgtcskmjhtj ncmc umk jhtgbkbj. C sgstjmk bj agvrj krfítrgc j jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk
iuhngchk, pcrquj icg bjsjh`kbc (jvcaugu) pkrk iuhngchkr. Ks rjerks bc lcec bj sunjssc
jvcaungchërgc c bjighjm jm jxgstìhngk j mkhtçm suk ghtjergbkbj.
Ncm rjspjgtc ks erkhbjs sgmuakåújs bgegtkgs fksjkbks-hk-TMV (lcecs bj eujrrk cu
mcbjakejm mjtjcrcaþegnk, pcr jxjmpac), ks pjsscks quj nchstrcjm j uskm jstks
sgmuakåújs, hîc skfjm ncmc sjrîc cs rjsuatkbcs? sj scufjssjm, hîc `kvjrgk hjnjssgbkbj bj
bjsjhvcavjr cu rcbkr mcbjacs jm ncmputkbcr. ^jrë quj ncm KZM bjvjrgk sjr bgijrjhtj3 K
ncmpajxgbkbj bjstks sgmuakåújs, kssgm ncmc k kajktcrgjbkbj mcbjakbk, ç c quj tcrhk cs
rjsuatkbcs (skíbk) gmprjvgsívjgs (pkrk um bkbc nchluhtc bj vkacrjs bj jhtrkbk) j ütjgs.
Ykmcs hcs bgvjrtgr j tjhsgchkr um pcunc hcsscs nçrjfrcs. Gmkeghj quj kaeumk
sgmuakåîc, usj fga`újs j fga`újs bj rjbjs hjurkgs, Aþegnk Iuzzy j mugtc bj cutrks iuhåújs
hîc aghjkrjs, gmprjngsks j kutcmcbgignkhtjs, quj kghbk hjm ghvjhtkmcs. [uj sjlk um fga`îc,
bj fga`îc, bj fga`îc bj vjzjs mkgs ghtjrktgvc, jhtrj sjus cfljtcs, quj qukaqujr quj pcssk
pcssgvjamjhtj gmkeghkr. Bjgxj nkbk cfljtc tjr kacnkbk suk prþprgk j ühgnk mjmþrgk,
nkpkngbkbj bj prcnjsskmjhtc j nchluhtc bj kaecrgtmcs bj aunrktgvgbkbj muatgnkmkbks
(cfljtgvcs bj sgstjmk j cfljtgvcs pjssckgs), kaeuhs bcs qukgs sîc kutc mcbgignëvjgs. Rkavjz
nkbk cfljtc ghtjrklk jm icrmks mugtc ncmpajxks j nchbgngchkgs (ncm kaeumk ghnjrtjzk cu
kmfgeugbkbj ktgrkbk kag bjhtrc) ncm nkbk cutrc cfljtc. Rkmfçm, bjgxj fga`újs j fga`újs bj
skíbks ghtjrmjbgkrgks bk sgmuakåîc, kutcmktgnkmjhtj mcbgignkr ks jhtrkbks bjak hk bgrjåîc
bj um erkhbj prcpþsgtc (ekh`kr k eujrrk cu prjvjr c tjmpc), j vcnì vkg tjr k mkgs pjqujhk
ikrpk bj umk aksnk bj umk scmfrk bj um pjqujhc jspkåc bj nëanuac (bgmjhsîc bj
rjkagbkbj) bjhtrc bc RFN.
K sjeugr, mubj c hümjrc kajktþrgc j sjmjgj j vkrgj tcbcs cs vkacrjs bj jhtrkbk quj sîc
jspjrkbcs, pkrk tjr kaeumk vkrgkåîc ghtríhsjnk cu kmfgeugbkbj. Tcbjrgk tkmfçm qujrjr
mcbgignkr kaeumks bks bgstrgfugåújs quj bjighjm ks prcprgjbkbjs cpjrkngchkgs bj ktgvgbkbj
jstktístgnk jspjngignk, ä mjbgbk quj k sgmuakåîc rcbk k igm bj nrgkr sgtukåújs jspjngignks cu
nchbgåújs bj ghtjrjssj. Gmpakhtkr tcbks jstks mubkhåks bj umk icrmk sgstjmëtgnk j
ghtjagejhtj, burkhtjum
ncajtgvcs icrmkrîc mugtks ghtjrkåújs
nchluhtc (ncmc
jstktístgnc khkagsj pkrkmçtrgnk)
jspjngkamjhtj j tkavjz, cs rjsuatkbcs
sgehgignktgvc.
Rkavjz k sgmuakåîc rcbj pcr tkhtc tjmpc, quj jak vkg pkrjnjr ncmc sjhbc pkrk sjmprj,
pkrk cs cfljtcs ghbgvgbukgs quj rjegstrkm c tjmpc, pjak nchtkejm bj sju prþprgc ngnac bj
prcnjsskmjhtc. Nchsgbjrj quj mugtcs bcs cfljtcs, pcbjm jxgfgr cs quktrc ktrgfutcs bk
nchsngìhngk, j tjr knjssc agmgtkbc kcs bkbcs uhs bcs cutrcs. Jajs pcbjm pksskr bkbcs pkrk aë
j pkrk në ghtjrkeghbc (ikzjhbc jsnca`ks bj agvrj krfítrgc) ncm nkbk um bcs cutrcs bj kncrbc
ncm sjus cfljtgvcs, kaecrgtmcs bjighgbcrjs kutc mcbgignkbcs, j bjhtrc bcs agmgtjs bc sju
nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bjighgbcr bj rjkagbkbj-ncmpkrtga`kbk. Zm cfljtgvc bj katc-hívja pcbj
sjr, pcr jxjmpac, fkgxkr k jhtrcpgk bj sju jspkåc bj nëanuac ghbgvgbuka jstkfjajngbc.
Nchtjmpaj ks vkhtkejhs pkrk k KZM, bj tjr um nchluhtc ghtjgrc bj TMVs sjmjkbks bj
icrmk ghbjpjhbjhtj.
Gstc ç kpjhks c ncmjåc? jstj lcec pcbj sjeugr j sjeugr. Rjh`c njrtjzk quj suk
gmkeghkåîc pcbj sufgr jstk
ghtjrkåîc sgehgignktgvk. sgmuakåîc
Ju kpjhks `gpctçtgnk,
qujrgk pkrk hívjgs
bkr k pkrtgbk mkgskkatcs
j klubk-ac bj ncmpajxgbkbj
gmkeghkr c mkgs cpkncj
frga`c bk crgejm bc agvrj krfítrgc, hjnjssërgc pkrk bkr supcrtj k um prcnjssc bj ikzjr
jsnca`ks aunrktgvc bjhtrc bj umk rjkagbkbj acnka agmgtkbk.
Agvrj krfítrgc ç pkrtj bc lcec bk jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk hc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc
TMV. K ghtjrkåîc bk jvcauåîc bj nchsngìhngk bj agvrj krfítrgc sþ hjnjssgtk sjr um prcnjssc
prëtgnc „ umk mkhjgrk iuhngchka bj bjrgvkr jvcauåîc aunrktgvk j nchvjrejhtj bk jxpjrgìhngk
acnka. Agvrj krfítrgc hîc hjnjssgtk bj umk fksj tjþrgnk sjpkrkbk? pkrk hþs jaj ç umk
mjtcbcacegk prëtgnk pkrk nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk (rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bk
nchsngìhngk) jm rjkagbkbjs acnkgs. Tkrk um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk acnka tka ncmc k TMV,
um psjubc agvrj krfítrgc acnkamjhtj bjrgvkbc, quj supcrtk quj supcrtk jsnca`k eugkbk pjak
ghtjhåîc j ijjbfkno, bjhtrc c jspkåc bj bjngsîc bgspchívja bj nkbk ghbgvíbuc, ç hjnjssërgc j
suigngjhtj.
Jm hcssks erkhbjs sgmuakåújs, uskmcs prcnjsscs sgmgakrjs pkrk ekh`kr bgsnjrhgmjhtc j
nch`jngmjhtc, jmprjekhbc hümjrcs psjubckajktþrgcs pkrk kbgngchkr um sjhtgbc bj
rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpac ks sgmuakåújs. Jstk kajktcrgjbkbj hk vjrbkbj kbgngchk prjngsîc k
hcsscs nëanuacs, pcrquj bjhtrc bk hcssk rjkagbkbj, tkhtc cs sjrjs sjhngjhtjs quj ikzjm
jsnca`ks ncmc cs cfljtcs ghkhgmkbcs quj sjeujm ks rjerks, jstîc jheklkbcs jm prcnjsscs
quj nchtçm mugtk ghnjrtjzk hkturka j kmfgeugbkbj. Knrjbgtkmcs quj uskmcs kajktcrgjbkbj
jm hcssks sgmuakåújs pkrk ncmpjhskr pcr hcssk gehcræhngk, pkrk prjjhn`jr cs bjtka`js quj
hîc pcbjmcs jxprjsskr ikngamjhtj bj icrmk khkaítgnk. C quj hîc pjrnjfjmcs ç quj hcssk
gehcræhngk, ç mugtc mkgs prciuhbk j iuhbkmjhtka bc quj suspjgtkmcs. Tjhskmcs, pcr nkusk
bk hcssk pjrspjntgvk bj vgsîc agmgtkbk j bk nrjhåk jm umk nkuskagbkbj sjm ghíngcs, quj
‑nch`jngmjhtc pjrijgtc” ç tjcrgnkmjhtj pcssívja bj cftjr, j quj jaj grgk hjnjsskrgkmjhtj
prcbuzgr bjtjrmghgsmc. Zmk mja`cr ncmprjjhsîc bk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, kpchtk pkrk icrk bk
gmpcssgfgagbkbj prëtgnk j tjþrgnk bc nch`jngmjhtc pjrijgtc cu ncmpajtc bjhtrc bj um
sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc. Zm mcbjac bj igbjagbkbj mkgs katk, bjvj nchtjr
kajktcrgjbkbj.
K Mjnæhgnk [uæhtgnk ghncmcbcu mugtcs ngjhtgstks (ghnausgvj Kafjrt Jghstjgh) pcrquj

pkrjngk pcstuakr umk fksj jstktístgnk pkrk hcssk rjkagbkbj. Tkrjngk þfvgc quj sjrjs
sjhngjhtjs jrkm mkgs iuhbkmjhtkgs j rjkgs, sþagbcs j nchigëvjgs bc quj pcbjrgk sjr ktrgfuíbc
umk rjprjsjhtkåîc jstktístgnk. Nchtubc, qukhbc jhtjhbjmcs k hkturjzk bgegtka bk
nchsngìhngk, bjsncfrgmcs quj k TMV jxgstj bjhtrc bj um sufjspkåc bj nëanuac (bgmjhsîc
bk rjkagbkbj)
rjerks bc RFN, quj
ncmpkrtga`kbc skfjmcs
bjighjquj
ks ghtjrkegmcs
pjrnjpåújs igsgnkmjhtj bj kncrbc bgegtka
bj hcssk nchsngìhngk ncm umghbgvgbukbk,
nchluhtc-bj-j
kprjngkmcs k hkturjzk ghtjrktgvk bk ghtjhåîc, bc agvrj krfítrgc j bj ikzjr jsnca`ks quj ajvkm
k rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk jm sgstjmks ncmpajxcs, hîc ç bj tcbc surprjjhbjhtj, quj hcssk
pjrnjpåîc bk jxgstìhngk iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj mktjmëtgnk-bgegtka fksjkbk-jm-rjerks, bjvjrgk
mcstrkr jstktístgnk hk suk fksj. K surprjsk bjvjrgk sjr, sj qukaqujr cutrk ncgsk quj hîc
jhtgbkbjs bgegtkgs, qukhtgzkbks j jstktístgnks icssjm jhnchtrkbks hc hívja mkgs iuhbkmjhtka
bk hcssk rjkagbkbj. Kc hívja bc bjtka`j iísgnc chbj ç kssumgbc quj k mjnæhgnk quæhtgnk ç
kpagnkbk, jstkmcs agbkhbc ncm cs pgxjas ghbgvgbukgs bk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka iísgnk quj
n`kmkmcs akr. [uj jstjs pgxjas tjrmghjm pcr sjr rjprjsjhtkåújs jstktístgnks, bc pctjhngka
pkrk jxgstìhngk hk TMV jspjrkhbc k tcmkbk bj umk mjbgåîc, ncajtk bj ghicrmkåîc pjak
nchsngìhngk pkrk ncakpskr suk iuhåîc bj chbk jm um rjsuatkbc cfljtgvc igsgnkmjhtj
mjhsurëvja, ç prjngskmjhtj c quj prjvì k ‑My Fge RCJ”.
RCJ”.
Knkfkmcs
hjnjssërgk pkrk kbj kprjhbjr
jvcauåîc bk quj c agvrj krfítrgc,
nchsngìhngk. tkmfçm
C akfcrktþrgc ç umk jxprjssîc
bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV çbk nchbgåîc
bjighgbc jm
jxgstìhngk ütga, pcr sju nchluhtc-bj-rjerks quj bjtjrmghk pjrnjpåîc, nchsngìhngk j
nkuskagbkbj. (Nkuskagbkbj bjighj ks rjakåújs aþegnks j ghtjrkåújs pjrmgssívjgs jhtrj vërgcs
cfljtcs bjhtrc bj umk rjkagbkbj acnka cu bkbk bgmjhsîc). C NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc TMV
rjstrghej k nchsngìhngk bkqujaks uhgbkbjs ghbgvgbukbks jm pkrtgnuakr, quj jstîc pkrtgngpkhbc
bk TMV pkrk jxpjrgmjhtkr, kpjhks c quj c nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bjtjrmghj sjr kprcprgkbc
pkrk c iuhngchkmjhtc jigngjhtj bkqujak rjkagbkbj pkrtgnuakr. Kssgm c NbV TMV kpkrjnj
pkrk bjighgr j bjagmgtkr um nch`jngmjhtc agmgtkbc bjhtrc bk TMV.
K gausîc bc bjtjrmghgsmc, ç k gausîc bj quj jstj NbV rjprjsjhtk tcbk k rjkagbkbj j hîc
kpjhks c jspkåc bj nëanuac, rjkagbkbj cu bgmjhsîc acnka bj mknrc jxgstìhngk, quj n`kmkmcs
TMV. Tjak pjrspjntgvk bk TMV, hcssks agmgtkåújs j c nchluhtc-bj-rjerks jspkåc-tjmpc
acnka quj bjighjm hcssk nkuskagbkbj, lcekm jm jqugpj pkrk prcbuzgr k gausîc bj
bjtjrmghgsmc, k igm bj icrhjnjr um kmfgjhtj þtgmc bj kprjhbgzkbc, ktrkvçs bk jxpjrgìhngk.
Kprjhbgzkbc jigngjhtj rjqujr jstruturk bjighgbk
bjighgbk.. Zm sgstjmk sjm jstruturk hîc tjm
pctjhngka pkrk nrjsngmjhtc aunrktgvc. Rcbcs skfjm quj ikatk bj jstruturk ç k khtítjsj bc
bjsjhvcavgmjhtc ncm sunjssc bj nrgkhåks. Jstruturk, pcr suk hkturjzk, gmpújm agmgtjs cu
prcvì rjstrgåújs. Ctgmgzkr hcssks cpcrtuhgbkbjs jvcaungchërgks rjqujr ks rjstrgåújs bc NbV
TMV. K kpkrìhngk bj umk nkuskagbkbj bjtjrmghístgnk, ç rjsuatkbc bj umk ncmprjjhsîc
agmgtkbk, jxtrkpcakhbc ks rjstrgåújs bj umk jstruturk acnka gmpcstk, scfrj tcbk k jxgstìhngk.
Tcr prcljtc, nch`jngmjhtc bk vgsîc jstrjgtk pkrjnj (bc pchtc bj vgstk bk TMV) sjr
bjtjrmghístgnc „ umk nchnausîc jrròhjk fksjkbk hc sunjssc bk ngìhngk, jm bjsncfrgr mkgs j
mkgs scfrj c NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc quj bjighj k nkuskagbkbj acnka TMV. Nchtubc, `ë mkgs
scfrj k jxpjrgìhngk bk TMV quj c NbV quj bjighj ks pcssívjgs ghtjrkåújs bjhtrc bjak.
Trjngskmcs bkr nchtk bc jxpjrgmjhtkbcr, tkhtc qukhtc bks rjstrgåújs ä jxpjrgìhngk. K TMV
ç umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka quj ç bjsjh`kbk pkrk prcbuzgr um njrtc tgpc bj jxpjrgìhngk
rjstrghegbk, pkrk c fjhjiíngc bj suks uhgbkbjs ghtjrktgvks bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks.
Nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk ç c jajmjhtc ktgvc quj jxpjrgmjhtk k cpcrtuhgbkbj bj jxjrngtkr suk
ghtjhåîc, ä mjbgbk quj ghtjrkej ncm mkssk, jhjregk j tjmpc vgrtukgs, kaçm bj cutrks
uhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk, quj tkmfçm pcssujm agvrj krfítrgc.
Kpjhks qukhbc mjhtj j nchsngìhngk sîc kssumgbks ncmc sjhbc hkbk mkgs quj
ijhòmjhcs iísgncs njrjfrkgs bk TMV, quj jak ncmjåk k pkrjnjr tctkamjhtj bjtjrmghístgnk,
pkrk kaeuhs igaþscics j ngjhtgstks. Jstjs nkrks knrjbgtkm quj suk nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk ç
ncmpajtkmjhtj
sju bjrgvkbk
kmfgjhtj iísgnc. Hîc bj umpkapgtj
ç um fgc-ncmputkbcr (nçrjfrc) ciísgnc
rugm, nchsgbjrkhbc pchtcncmpajxc, qujquka
bj vgstk bc ghtjrkej ncm
jaj surej.
Ju supcrtc k hcåîc bj quj cs ncmputkbcrjs pcbjm bjsjhvcavjr nchsngìhngk, mks jstj hîc ç
c rkngchka pcr trës bjstj prjssupcstc jm pkrtgnuakr. C prjssupcstc bj umk nchsngìhngk
igsgnkmjhtj-fksjkbk ç um rjqugsgtc aþegnc bk vgsîc jstrjgtk „ jaj ç ijgtc pkrk mkhtjr k nrjhåk
bj quj k rjkagbkbj hîc sjlk cutrk quj iísgnk „ k bk hcssk nkuskagbkbj uhgvjrska.
Nchsngìhngk quj ç jxpjrgmjhtkbk bjhtrc bc sgmuakbcr bj trjghkmjhtc TMV pcbj
pkrjnjr jstkr njhtrkbk hc nçrjfrc, mks jstk nchjxîc ç scmjhtj umk scmfrk hk pkrjbj bk
nkvjrhk bk TMV. Nchsngìhngk ç c mjgc ghvgsívja scfrj c quka suk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk
iautuk „ mugtc ncmc c pjgxj quj hîc nchsjeuj pjrnjfjr k gmutëvja keuk jm quj hkbk
(Nkpgtuac 6> bc Agvrc ;). K jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk sjeuj um prcpcsgtc, aþegnk j
nkuskagbkbj mkgcrjs, quj prcvjjm k n`kvj pkrk umk ncmprjjhsîc mja`cr j mkgs prcbutgvk,
tkhtc bk vgsîc jstrjgtk ncmc bk kmpak. Zmk rjkagbkbj bj Ygsîc Kmpak hîc-iísgnk fksjkbk-
jm-nchsngìhngk
fcm sjhtgbc bjhtrc`kfgagtk
bj umkk jsnkak ncmpajtk
sgmpajs bk jhcssk
ghtjerkbk jxpjrgìhngk
ncjrjhtj jstruturkùmkhk
tjþrgnk. knumuakbk k ikzjr
C mcbjac bj rjkagbkbj trkbgngchka iísgnc bk pjqujhk vgsîc nrgk tkhtcs pkrkbcxcs j
prcfajmks bj Ygsîc Kmpak, ncmc cijrjnj scauåújs bj vgsîc jstrjgtk. Tcr ncmpkrkåîc, um
mcbjac bjtjrmghístgnc bj rjkagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc iísgnk nrgk pkrkbcxcs j prcfajmks
kbgngchkgs bj Ygsîc Kmpak jhqukhtc cijrjnj pcunks, sj kaeumk, scauåújs hcvks. Jstjs
pkrkbcxcs j prcfajmks, sîc trkbgngchkamjhtj trktkbcs pjac nkmgh`c bj jstgnkr vja`cs
sgstjmks bj nrjhåk j jstkfjajnjr hcvcs. Ncmc sjmprj, nrjhåks sîc uskbks pkrk kagvgkr k
khsgjbkbj bk gehcræhngk j ikzjr hcssc nch`jngmjhtc pkrjnjr mkgs ncmpajtc bc quj ç. Cs
mcbjacs bj rjkagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc iísgnk hîc tìm tgbc `kfgagbkbj pkrk prcbuzgr umk
pjqujhk ‑RCJ” quj uhgigquj hcssk ncmprjjhsîc bc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bc jspkåc-tjmpc
quj bjighj k nkuskagbkbj TMV, mugtc mjhcs bj prcbuzgr umk ‑Fge RCJ” sktgsiktþrgk, quj
hîc kpjhks jxpagquj ncmpajtkmjhtj k nkuskagbkbj jspkåc-tjmpc bk pjqujhk vgsîc, mks quj
tkmfçm jxpagquj k jxpjrgìhngk ùmkhk mkgcr.
Bkbk k hkturjzk bgegtka kaecrítmgnk bc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bc jspkåc-tjmpc, umk
pjqujhk RCJ pcbj hjm mjsmc jxgstgr, nchtubc, umk Fge RCJ quj rjscavk prciuhbkmjhtj
cs prcfajmks nchtjmpcræhjcs bk igacsþignk, bk mjtkigsgnk j bk iísgnk, tcbcs kc mjsmc
tjmpc bjhtrc bj umk mjsmk j kfrkhejhtj tjcrgk, prjngsk jxgstgr pcrquj jstkmcs kqug j
scmcs c quj scmcs. Hcssk jxgstìhngk j k hkturjzk ùmkhk jxgfjm pkbrújs uhgvjrskgs
nakrcs, quj nchtçm mugtc mkgs nchsgstìhngk j bgrjåîc bc quj kajktcrgjbkbj „ um iktc quj
bjvj tjr umk jxpagnkåîc `caístgnk j ncmprjjhsgvk hc sju kmkec. Tcrquj hcssk jxgstìhngk ç
scfrj hþs, scfrj qujm, c quj j pcrquj scmcs, sjeurkmjhtj k jxpagnkåîc bjvj jstkr knjssívja
k hþs. Nchtubc, ktç quj igquj nakrc quj umk khëagsj hîc mktjmëtgnk j aþegnk bks crgejhs bc
agvrj krfítrgc, nchsngìhngk, jspgrgtukagbkbj cu jvjhtcs pkrkhcrmkgs, pcbjrgk pctjhngkamjhtj
rjprjsjhtkr ngìhngk prjngsk j `chjstk, jstk jxpagnkåîc ignkrë pkrk sjmprj icrk bc sju kankhnj.
Kaeuhs pcbjm sjhtgr quj igacscigk j mjtkiísgnk hîc rjprjsjhtjm prcfajmks rjkgs cu
ajeítgmcs, pcrquj suks scauåújs ignkm icrk bk ngìhngk j sjlkm, pcrtkhtc, gmpcssívjgs bj
ajeítgmcs, pcrquj suks scauåújs ignkm icrk bk ngìhngk j sjlkm, pcrtkhtc, gmpcssívjgs bj
rjscavjr khkagtgnkmjhtj. Fjstjgrk. Jstjs prcfajmks tkmfçm njbjm scf nch`jngmjhtc
prjngsc, tkhtc qukhtc qukaqujr cutrc. K bgignuabkbj hîc ç quj scauåújs ngjhtgignks aþegnks
sjlkm gmpcssívjgs. K bgignuabkbj ç quj ngìhngk fksjkbk-jm-nrjhåks kutcagmgtkhtjs
ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj tcrhk gmpcssívja ncmprjjhbjr k rjspcstk ncrrjtk.
Ngìhngk tjm k mgssîc bj pjrsjeugr tcbc c nch`jngmjhtc ajvkhbc ktç umk ncmprjjhsîc
mja`cr j mkgs aunrktgvk bc muhbc hkturka „ hîc kpjhks bk iktgk quj nkg bjhtrc bc nchtjübc
bj sjus utjgs
scauåújs sgstjmks bj scfrj
ç tubc nrjhåk trkbgngchkgs.
c quj Bjsncfrgr ç.vjrbkbj
k ngìhngk rjkamjhtj iuhbkmjhtka
Tkrk jhnchtrkr j bjsjhvcavjr
vjrbkbj, ç prjngsc gr
chbj qujr quj jak ajvj. Ghbgvíbucs bj mjhtj ijn`kbk j njecs pjak nrjhåk, quj vgklkm c
nkmgh`c bj mjhcr rjsgstìhngk j cftçm suk rjspjgtkfgagbkbj, bc supcrtj ks nrjhåks mkhtgbks
jm ncmum pcr sjus pkrjs, jsnca`jm k sjeurkhåk bk mkhkbk scfrj k `kfgagbkbj bj bjsncfrgr
k Erkhbj Yjrbj. Tkrk mkhtjr jstk rjspjgtkfgagbkbj j ks rjncmpjhsks quj vìm ncm jak, jstjs
ghbgvíbucs bjsgstjm bk `kfgagbkbj bj ncmprjjhbjr, c quj ç nrgtgnkmjhtj gmpcrtkhtj pkrk
jajs j pkrk suks prcigssújs. Zmk `gstþrgk trgstj bj ijrgbks kutc ghiagegbks, quj ç tîc ncmum,
quj bjighj k hcrmkagbkbj j jstkfjajnj um pkbrîc pkrk c sunjssc prcigssgchka.
Nchsngìhngk jxgstj jm mugtks icrmks j mugtcs hívjgs, nkpkngbkbjs j jsnkaks „ nkbk umk
nchstruíbk scfrj j jstjhbgbk bks cutrks, ktrkvçs bk rjpjtgåîc bj um prcnjssc gtjrktgvc
sgmpajs ncm sju nkmgh`c hk bgrjåîc bk aunrktgvgbkbj mja`crkbk. C rjsuatkbc ç umk nksnktk
bj nrgktgvgbkbj jvcaungchërgk, quj kerjssgvkmjhtj jxpacrk tcbks ks icrmks, nchigeurkåújs j
ghncrpcrkåújs, qujpkbrîc
aunrktgvgbkbj. Jstj sgstjmks bj jnchsngìhngk
ncmpajxc pcsskm
jhjregnkmjhtj vgvc bjjxpacrkr pkrkjmmja`crkr
nchsngìhngk jvcauåîc, suk
çc
quj mjtkicrgnkmjhtj hcs rjijrgmcs ncmc irkntka bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Ç bk hkturjzk
bc prcnjssc irkntka, ejrkr vgsújs mchstrucskmjhtj kmpaks, kpagnkhbc rjnursgvkmjhtj umks
pcunks rjerks j prjssupcstcs fësgncs.
Ç um jrrc pkrk umk jhtgbkbj bjhtrc bjstk vkstk rjkagbkbj irkntka, knrjbgtkr quj suk
prþprgk j pjqujhghk rjkagbkbj acnka, sufnchluhtc bj um jncssgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk mugtc
mkgcr, ç C Zhc, C Ühgnc, c njhtrc, c pghënuac bk jxprjssîc nrgktgvk. Ghbgvíbucs ncm vgsújs
jstrjgtks, hîc vjjm hkbk mkgs quj k sg mjsmcs, jmjreghbc bks pcssgfgagbkbjs bk jxgstìhngk.
Rka vgsîc agmgtkbk, prcbuz hîc scmjhtj um bjtjrmghgsmc icrk bj auekr, mks rcufk sju
prcprgjtërgc, bc nch`jngmjhtc quj jaj prjngsk pkrk rjkagzkr sju pctjhngka pjsscka.
^cmjhtj umk tjcrgk ika`k j bjsjspjrkbk (nuaturka, scngka, tjcaþegnk cu ngjhtgignk), sjhtgrë
hjnjssgbkbj bj hjekr k jxgstìhngk bj iktcs, quj jak hîc pcbj jxpagnkr. Cs iktcs bk ngìhngk,
nchsngìhngk, agvrj krfítrgc, jvjhtcs pkrkhcrmkgs j c jspgrgtc ùmkhc sîc bjgxkbcs akrekbcs,
pcr tcbc akbc? kfrk sjus ca`cs, jxpacrj-cs pcr vcnì mjsmc?
mjsmc? hîc sîc sjerjbcs, hjm sîc
bgiínjgs bj jhnchtrkr, umk vjz quj suk mjhtj jstjlk kfjrtk pkrk ks pcssgfgagbkbjs.
Ykmcs ikzjr umk nchjxîc rëpgbk jhtrj agvrj krfítrgc j ijhòmjhcs T^G. ^îc kmfcs pkrtj
bj hcssk rjkagbkbj, pcrquj sîc ktrgfutcs hkturkgs bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Agvrj krfítrgc bjvj ikzjr
pkrtj bk jxpjrgìhngk bk hcssk pjqujhk vgsîc, pcrquj scmcs nchsngìhngk ncm k mgssîc bj
jvcaugr, j hîc pcbjmcs ikzjr gstc sjm k `kfgagbkbj bj ikzjr jsnca`ks agvrjs. C agvrj krfítrgc
ghjrjhtj k nchsngìhngk, prjngsk sjr ncmpajtkmjhtj cpjrkngchka hk TMV cu c akfcrktþrgc bj
kprjhbgzkbc hîc tjrgk `kfgagbkbj, bj bkr supcrtj kc kprjhbgzkbc. Geukamjhtj, jijgtcs psg
prjngskm sjr akrekmjhtj rjstrgtcs hk TMV cu k jijtgvgbkbj bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc
rkpgbkmjhtj sj bjejhjrkrgk.
bjejhjrkrgk. C prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç c mjnkhgsmc mkhtçm jstj
jqugaífrgc nrjsngmjhtc-ctgmgzkåîc pkrtgnuakr.
Rubc tjm sju prcpþsgtc. Zmk nkuskagbkbj bjtjrmghístgnk acnka, rjiajtghbc c nchluhtc-bj-
rjerks bk TMV, ç rjqujrgbk pkrk suprgr k jstruturk ejrka hk quka hcssk jxpjrgìhngk, pcssk sjr
aunrktgvkmjhtj bjighgbk j ncrrjhtjmjhtj ejrkbk. Zmk cpcrtuhgbkbj jbunkngchka jijtgvk, quj
jhncrklk k nchsngìhngk k jvcaugr, prjngsk jheklkr agvrj krfítrgc j agmgtkr psg-sçrgk äqujajs quj
vîc prcvkvjamjhtj usë-ak hk fusnk bk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, j prcvjr k jstruturk bj umk
nkuskagbkbj fksjkbk-jm-rjerks, kpkrjhtjmjhtj cfljtgvk pkrk rkngchkagzkr k jxpjrgìhngk.
Ykmcs bjighgr cs jijgtcs psg, suk rjakåîc ncm nchsngìhngk j qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk
mkgs nugbkbcskmjhtj, kssgm ncmc ghtrcbuzgr c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg hcs Nkpítuacs ;> j
;2 bjstj agvrc.ncacrgbk,
frga`khtjmjhtj Hc hívja jxpjrgjhngka,
ktrkghbc gmkeghj
kqujajs quj c ijhòmjhc
tjm kaeum pctjhngkapsg,pkrkncmc umk iacr
aunrktgvkmjhtj
ncmprjjhbj-ak, j bjpcgs ncmc umk jrvk bkhgh`k jspgh`csk, kssustkbcrk cu rgbínuak pkrk k
mkgcrgk bcs cutrcs. Mugtcs pcbjm mkhjlkr umk scmfrk bc sju pcbjr, mks scmjhtj kqujajs
quj c ncmprjjhbjm prciuhbkmjhtj, pcbjm jijtgvkmjhtj usë-ac ncmc trkmpcagm pkrk
rjbuzgr bj icrmk sgehgignktgvk, suk jhtrcpgk pjsscka j k jhtrcpgk bc sgstjmk, bc quka sîc
pkrtj.
Ykmcs sjr mkgs jspjníigncs pkrk bjighgr ‑jijgtc psg” ncmc ijhòmjhc hîc nkuska (icrk bk
nkuskagbkbj TMV) quj ç ktrgfuívja k cpjrkåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Bjstk bjighgåîc mkgs tçnhgnk,
vkmcs jxpacrkr kaeumks vcatks sjmæhtgnks. Tcbjrgk sjr kreumjhtkbc quj agvrj krfítrgc ç um
jijgtc psg pcrquj tkhtc um ncmc cutrc sîc ktrgfutcs iuhbkmjhtkgs j ghtjrbjpjhbjhtjs bk
nchsngìhngk. Bj icrmk sgmgakr, bjsnrjvjhbc cu bjighghbc nchsngìhngk sgmpajsmjhtj ncmc
‑psg”, pcbj sjr supcrtkbc j umk pjrspjntgvk nchnjgtuka ejrka. Zm jijgtc agvrj krfítrgc, ç um
jijgtc psg, quj ç um jijgtc bk nchsngìhngk.
Nchsngìhngk ç c sgstjmk bj jhjregk, bc quka hcssk rjkagbkbj ç nrgkbk. Tkrk hþs,
nchsngìhngk ç k rkgz bj tcbk k rjkagbkbj.
rjkagbkbj. C quj n`kmkmcs jijgtcs psg j agvrj krfítrgc sîc
jxprjssújs bgrjtks, bcs ktrgfutcs iuhbkmjhtkgs bkqujaj sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk, k j bj ncmc
kqujaj sgstjmk cpjrk j jvcaug.
^j qujr skfjr sj tjm agvrj krfítrgc, sgmpajsmjhtj sj pjreuhtj, sj ç cu hîc nchsngjhtj. ^j
k rjspcstk icr ‑sgm” vcnì tjm agvrj krfítrgc? sj k rjspcstk icr ‑hîc”, vcnì prcvkvjamjhtj ç
um kbvcekbc j nchiuhbgu ‑nchsngjhtj” (ktjhtc, bjspjrtc) ncm ‑nchsngìhngk” (kqujak quj
pcr vjzjs bþg). ^j bjpcgs bj nchsuatkr c bgngchërgc, k rjspcstk kghbk icr ‑hîc”, vcnì bjvj sjr
um kbvcekbc quj icg jajgtc pkrk um nkrec gmpcrtkhtj hc ecvjrhc, cu um gmprjssgchkhtj
prcijsscr (tkavjz rjgtcr) jm umk uhgvjrsgbkbj prghngpka. Jm qukaqujr nksc bjstjs, kfkgxj c
agvrj fjm vkekrcccskmjhtj „ sjlk nugbkbcsc pkrk hîc sj ijrgr „ j n`kmj suk mîj pkrk vgr
fusnk-ac. Jak prcvkvjamjhtj lë jstë mugtc prjcnupkbk.
Rubc ç nchsngìhngk. Nchsngìhngk ç tubc.tubc. Hîc pjhsj hk HMTV j TMV ncm auekrjs
sjpkrkbcs ncm nkmgh`cs mjhtkgs igxcs jhtrj jajs< jstj ç um nchnjgtc kaeumks vjzjs
nchvjhgjhtj, mks jhekhkbcr. C prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, ncmc pkrtj bc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks
TMV, prcvì k jstruturk hjnjssërgk ä TMV gmpchbc agmgtjs. Ycnì hîc pcbj nchstrugr umk
pchtj iísgnk cu hîc-iísgnk jhtrj k TMV j k HTMV. K pchtj iísgnk hîc pcbj sjr scagbkmjhtj
nchjntkbk k HMTV, j k pchtj hîc iísgnk hîc pcbj sjr scagbkmjhtj nchjntkbk k TMV. Ycnì
lë ç k pchtj, pcr gssc hîc pcbj nchstrugr umk pkrk jxtjrgcr bj sg mjsmc. J hgheuçm pcbj
nchstrugr umk quj vcnì pcssk uskr. ûk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka TMV ç pjsscka, kssgm ncmc
ç k nchjxîc bjak ncm k HTMV.
Ycnì ç umk uhgbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk kaunghkhbc umk rjkagbkbj iísgnk
(pjrnjfjhbc umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka iísgnk). Ncmc tka, pcbj, bjhtrc bcs agmgtjs bj suk
qukagbkbj j `kfgagbkbj, jxpjrgmjhtkr j kpagnkr agvrj krfítrgc j jijgtcs psg, pcrquj vcnì ç
nchsngìhngk.. Nchtubc, vcnì hîc pcbj ikzjr suk kaunghkåîc (rjkagbkbj iísgnk vgrtuka) jxnjbjr
nchsngìhngk
cs agmgtjs j iuhngchkr icrk bj sju nchluhtc bj rjerks bjighgbcr.
Gstc hîc ç tîc sgmpajs, jajekhtj j bgrjtc ncmc umk tgejak bj pubgm bj kmjgxks3 K`, vjlc
quj huhnk jxpjrgmjhtcu umk tgejak bj pubgm bj kmjgxks. Ycnì tjm scrtj. Ks buks
prþxgmks sjåújs, vîc bjsjhvcavjr k rjnjgtk j nczgh`kr um actj bjagngcsc, k pkrtgr bc zjrc.
Zmk vjz mkgs skatkmcs kbgkhtj bk hcssk `gstþrgk j bjmcs umk jspgkbk sjm
ncmprcvkåújs, hc quj ignk kbgkhtj. Nchtubc, vcnì vkg bjsncfrgr c bjsjhvcavgmjhtc aþegnc
quj ajvk k jstks kigrmkåújs pcunc usukgs, rjsgbj prgmkrgkmjhtj hk ^jåîc 2, quj lë jstë kag
vgrkhbc k jsqughk.
jxpjrgìhngk, Kaçm TMVs,
ks müatgpaks bgstc, hks ^jåújs 2acnkgs.
j rjkagbkbjs j :, vkmcs bgsnutgr k hkturjzk j mjnæhgnk bk
Tkrk sumkrgzkr, agvrj krfítrgc ç umk pkrtj hkturka j hjnjssërgk bk nchsngìhngk. ^jm jaj
hîc `ë aunrktgvgbkbj, kprjhbgzkbc cu nrjsngmjhtc „ k prþprgk nchsngìhngk sj bgsscavj. Ca`j
jm vcatk „ icrk j bjhtrc bj vcnì mjsmc „ cs bkbcs sîc nakrcs. Jxgstj prcpþsgtc j bgrjåîc
pkrk tubc
tubc.. Rcbk jxgstìhngk ç um jstkbc bj nchtghuk jvcauåîc fksjkbk-hc-aunrc. Hcssk
rjkagbkbj ç erkhbj, ncmpajxk j ghtjrktgvk. Nch`jngmjhtc pjrijgtc ajvkhbc kc bjtjrmghgsmc,
ç ncmc c nchnjgtc bj keuk agqugbk sjnk< umk gmpcssgfgagbkbj prktgnk hksngbk j umk
ncmprjjhsîc ghncmpajtk. Ncmc vgstc pjak pjqujhk vgsîc, c bjtjrmghgsmc pcbj pkrjnjr
ngjhtgignkmjhtj aþegnc, kssgm ncmc k tjcrgnkmjhtj ghjvgtëvja, ä mjbgbk quj sj kprcxgmj c
agmgtj bc nch`jngmjhtc pjrijgtc bjhtrc bk TMV. Nchtubc, bk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, vjmcs
kpjhks umk jstruturk acnka, rjqujrgbk pkrk supcrtkr k ncjrìhngk bk jxpjrgìhngk, bjhtrc bc
pjqujhc sufnchluhtc bk rjkagbkbj n`kmkbk TMV. Bjtjrmghgsmc, ç umk gausîc bk rjkagbkbj-
vgrtuka fksjkbk-jm-rjerks acnka, prcljtkbk bjhtrc bc RFN, pkrk c prcpþsgtc bj ctgmgzkr k
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk, k bjhtrc bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV.
Bjtjrmghgsmc, knrjbgtk quj vcnì ç um ncrpc fksjkbc-jm-rjerks kaunghkhbc umk
nchsngìhngk ncm agvrj-krfítrgc, qukhbc bj iktc vcnì ç umk nchsngìhngk ncm agvrj krfítrgc
kaunghkhbc um ncrpc fksjkbc-jm-rjerks.
fksjkbc-jm-rjerks. Zmk vjz quj vjlk k Ygsîc Kmpak (igm bk ^jåîc
:), jhtjhbjrë quj cs bjtjrmghgstks pcr bjighgåîc, prjngskm sjr ghnchsngjhtjs „ um pkrkbcxc
kpkrjhtj, quj ç iënga bj vjrgignkr pjak khkagsj aþegnk.
^j ncmc ju, vcnì huhnk igncu kncrbkbc tkrbj, sj prjcnupkhbc scfrj k gmpcssgfgagbkbj
bk vjrbkbjgrk kajktcrgjbkbj jm sgstjmks bgegtkgs, j c quj, sj ç quj gssc tjm kaec k vjr ncm
prjbjstghkåîc j agvrj krfítrgc, bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka, hîc prjngsk bjstj
kpkrtj. Nchtubc, sj c ajr bj qukaqujr icrmk, jstjlk njrtc bj pjbgr k suk mîj umk jstrjak
bcurkbk jxtrk „ nakrc gstc, kssumghbc quj jak hîc tj vgu kpagnkhbc k tçnhgnk bj kncrbkr,
pktjhtjkbk bc Rgc Rcm.
^j tubc quj kprjhbju, bjstk bgsnussîc mkgs bc quj jsctçrgnk, ç quj um sgstjmk bj
nchsngìhngk bgegtka, pcbj ejrkr c agvrj krfítrgc quj hjnjssgtkmcs pkrk rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bj
hcssk nchsngìhngk pjsscka, vcnì pjecu tubc. ûigngjhtj lë icg bgtc< jstj pchtc jm pkrtgnuakr,
kghbk quj vgtkamjhtj gmpcrtkhtj pkrk mugtcs igaþscics j ngjhtgstks, jstë icrk bc nkmgh`c
nrítgnc pkrk k ncmprjjhsîc bk Ygsîc Kmpak, pkrk k mkgcrgk bj hþs. Zik, lë mj sghtc mkgs
agvrj. ◂
Kecrk quj k mjtkbj jsqujrbk bcs nçrjfrcs bj hcssc kmgecs-n`jekbcs-jm-tjnhcacegk jstë

ncmpajtkmjhtj cnupkbk, k ghtjrnchjxîc bc agvrj krfítrgc, bcs jijgtcs psg j bk nchsngìhngk „ j ncm
k ghjspjrkbk ikatk bj bjtjrmghgsmc hk kmpak vgsîc bgegtka „ pjhsc quj pcbj sjr bj fjhjiíngc pkrk
hþs sufgr mkgs um bjerku pkrk vgsîc kmpak bk vgsîc kmpak. Tcrquj k mkgcrgk bj hþs, jstjvj
gmjrsk hk jxpcsgåîc tjþrgnk bjtka`kbk bc agvrj krfítrgc pjak üatgmk mjgk `crk, kecrk ç um þtgmc
mcmjhtc pkrk tcmkr umk vgsîc mkgs akrek bj chbj jstkmcs, j bc pkpja quj hcssk nchsngìhngk
ghbgvgbuka rjprjsjhtk, hc brkmk jvcaungchërgc mkgs kmpac. C prþxgmc nkpítuac ikz jxktkmjhtj
gstc, kaçm bc mkgs, ignkrë ijagz bj skfjr quj jaj tkmfçm ç frjvj j hîc nchtçm kpkrtjs.
Hc kpkrtj khtjrgcr scfrj agvrj krfítrgc, jstgvjmcs hcs krrgsnkhbc k bgstjhsújs-njrjfrkgs, k igm
bj akhåkr um pcunc bk ghirkjstruturk bk ngìhngk bk nchsngìhngk. Rjhbc acerkbc gstc, kecrk
pcbjmcs rjakxkr. Chbj pcssívja, jvgtc krrkstkr ‑My Fge RCJ” pcr nkpghzkgs nchnjgtukgs, mks
kaeumks vjzjs rgecr aþegnc j bjtka`js bc prcnjssc sîc hjnjssërgcs, pkrk supcrtkr umk
ncmprjjhsîc ejrka. Kghbk quj ncmpkrtga`kr kaeuhs bcs bjtka`js mkgs tçnhgncs j tjþrgncs bk ‑My
Fge RCJ”
mgrkbk sjlk gmpcrtkhtj
hk Ygsîc Kmpak. j hjnjssërgc, jstk trgacegk jstë icnkagzkbk prgmkrgkmjhtj, jm umk
Bj iktc, qukaqujr hcvc frkåc mkgcr bk ngìhngk bjvj ncmjåkr sju bjsbcfrkmjhtc ncmc umk
khëagsj bk vgsîc kmpak, bj-ngmk-pkrk-fkgxc, bcs bkbcs pjrtghjhtjs. Hcvcs pkrkbgemks
ngjhtíigncs, ejrkamjhtj ncmjåkm jm um kmpac hívja nchnjgtuka j jvjhtukamjhtj sj mcvjm, kc
achec bc tjmpc, hk bgrjåîc bks kpagnkåújs mkgs jspjngignks. Rka prcnjssc bj ngmk pkrk fkgxc,
irjqujhtjmjhtj ncmjåk ncm k bjsncfjrtk bj um rjakngchkmjhtc mkgs ejrka, jhtrj jvjhtcs cu
cfljtcs ncmuhs. Rgpgnkmjhtj, cs vja`cs pkrkbgemks sj tcrhkm nkscs jspjngkgs bc hcvc „
kpagnëvjgs scf njrtks nchbgåújs.
K iuhbkåîc nchnjgtuka fësgnk bjvj sjr nakrkmjhtj kssjhtkbk ncmpajtkmjhtj kssgmgakbk khtjs
quj kfcrbkejhs ngjhtgignks mkgs trkbgngchkgs j bj-fkgxc-pkrk-ngmk pcsskm sjr nchstruíbks scfrj
jaks. ^cmjhtj bjpcgs quj cs ngjhtgstks ktghegrkm um njrtc hívja míhgmc bj jhtjhbgmjhtc fësgnc,
pcbjm ncmjåkr k nkanuakr bj icrmk aunrktgvk j jxpjrgmjhtkr sju nkmgh`c, hk bgrjåîc bj um
nch`jngmjhtc mkgs prciuhbc j prcbutgvc.
Kfcrbkr umk hcvk ncmprjjhsîc bk rjkagbkbj, pcr umk kpagnkåîc bj-fkgxc-pkrk-ngmk bks
ijrrkmjhtks nch`jngbks bk iísgnk, ç ncmc tjhtkr pgnkr umk irchbcsk krvcrj ncm um mkrtjagh`c bj
pchtk ighk. Kagës sjrgk umk pgnkåîc fjm mkåkhtj, pcrquj cs prjssupcstcs bk iísgnk, ejrkamjhtj
sîc jhrkgzkbcs prciuhbkmjhtj hk nkuskagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc. K akrek j kigkbk akmghk bj umk
mjhtj sjm rjstrgåújs (scatk) acegnkmjhtj icnkagzkbk, hk vgsîc mkgs kmpak bj nkusk j jijgtc, ç
umk ijrrkmjhtk mugtc mja`cr pkrk ktknkr icrtjs ërvcrjs chtcaþegnks.
chtcaþegnks. Ncmc sjmprj, kfcrbkejm
kprcprgkbk gmpakhtkbk ncm ijrrkmjhtks kbjqukbks, bj icrmk mugtc prchtk jhnchtrk sunjssc.
C pchtc ç< k mjhskejm püfagnk bk ‑My Fge RCJ”, jstë icnkbk hc bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bk
nchnjgtukåîc iuhbkmjhtka, scfrj k quka k iuturk ngìhngk mkgs trkbgngchka, jstkrë fksjkbk um bgk.
Yjlk, hîc jsnrjvg ‑My Fge RCJ” pkrk irustrkr j tcrturkr cs tjnhþigacs, ncm ejhjrkagbkbjs
ghnkanuaëvjgs? c tjmpc pkrk jxjnutkr nëanuacs sgmpajsmjhtj kghbk hîc n`jecu.
n`jecu. Hjstj pchtc bk
rjvcauåîc nchnjgtuka kprjsjhtkbk kqug, tcbcs pcbjm sj luhtkr k lcrhkbk. Ngjhtgstks hîc tjm
hjhùmk vkhtkejm pkrtgnuakr, scfrj hîc ngjhtgstks, bjsbj quj ju sjlk nugbkbcsc pkrk hîc ncacnkr
hjhùmk bks mgh`ks bjsnrgåújs jm tjnhc-lkreîc, cu sjlk tkmfçm mugtc tjnhc-mkåkhtj. Bj iktc,
hk agh`k bj irjhtj bk bjsncfjrtk, kqujajs quj uskm mkgs sju nçrjfrc bgrjgtc, cu mja`cr kghbk, cs
quj uskm ‑tcbc c nçrjfrc” tjm umk bjngbgbk vkhtkejm pkrk skatkr hcvcs pkrkbgemks, jm um
ühgnc puac.
Kaeumk pkngìhngk ç hjnjssërgk. Tjac igm bk ^jåîc 9, My Fge RCJ tjrë icrhjngbc umk Rjcrgk
Bj Rubc acegnkmjhtj nchsgstjhtj j rkngchka, bjsjhvcavgbc c hcvc pkrkbgemk hjnjssërgc pkrk
supcrtkr jstk tjcrgk, nchstruíbc umk iuhbkåîc ngjhtgignk sþagbk, scfrj k quka iuturks jxpacrkåújs
ngjhtíignks pcsskm sjr nchstruíbks, j jxpagnkbc ks ghtjriknjs j nchjxújs jhtrj c hcvc
nch`jngmjhtc bjrgvkbc j ks fksjs bj bkbcs, bk jxpjrgìhngk ngjhtgignk j pjsscka jxgstjhtjs. Rjrë
jhnkgxkbc k iísgnk, rjbgmgbc k igacscigk j jxpagnkbc mugtcs ijhòmjhcs püfagncs j prgvkbcs. Zmk
jxpcsgåîc nchnjgtuka kmpak, bj ngmk pkrk fkgxc, bcs iuhbkmjhtcs bk Vjkagbkbj bk Ygsîc Kmpak,
ç bj chbj jstj trjm bjvj pkrtgr. J sj j qukhbc c trjm-nçrjfrc bk ‑Fge
‑Fge RCJ” nchnjgtuka, ncmjåkr
k sj mcvjr j pjekr vjacngbkbj, jaj pcbj fjm ghgngkr c ncmjåc bj umk ngìhngk bk Fge RCJ
ghbjpjhbjhtj j prcaíignk, ngìhngk scngka j igacscigk, quj ncmjåkrîc k akhåkr rkízjs gmjbgktkmjhtj,
j vkekrcskmjhtj prcbuzgr irutcs kc achec bc tjmpc, k nkbk vjz mkgs katcs hívjgs bj
jspjngigngbkbj. Ç kssgm quj k ngìhngk sj mcvj bc nchnjgtc pkrk k kpagnkåîc „ mugtc ajhtkmjhtj,
j ncm jajhnc bj mga`krjs. Ghnrjmjhtc pcr ghnrjmjhtc, bjsncfjrtk pcr bjsncfjrtk „ qukhtc mkgs
pjsscks sj jhvcavkm, j kpagqujm c pcbjr bj suks mjhtjs, mkgs rkpgbkmjhtj c trjm ekh`k
vjacngbkbj.
Zmkfrga`khtjs,
mjhtjs vjz quj ckfjrtks
tjrrjhcjjstë rjvcavgbc
nurgcsks j k iuhbkåîc
ncmjåkm pcstk,
k nchstrugr k `gstþrgk
scfrj hcs mcstrk
jaks. Kssgm, ncmcquj mugtksk
sjmprj,
fcak jvjhtukamjhtj rjtcrhk kc sju nkmpc. Rkavjz suk nkrrjgrk cu nkmgh`c bj nrjsngmjhtc
pjsscka, `kfgagbkbj cu ghtugåîc, vîc mctgvë-ac k kpagnkr jstks hcvks ncmprjjhsújs j pkrkbgemks,
pkrk c quj qujr quj sjlk quj ncmkhbj suk ktjhåîc pjsscka j prcigssgchka. ^j um hümjrc
sgehgignkhtj bj ajgtcrjs jstgvjr kssgm mcvgbc, c tjmpc pkrk um nëanuac j jxpjrgmjhtkåîc, püfagnc
j prgvkbc (bjsjhvcavjr j kpagnkr ks bjtka`kbks gmpagnkåújs aþegnks bjstk ‑Fge ‑Fge RCJ”),
RCJ”), n`jekrë
mkgs rëpgbc bc quj jspjrjmcs. Nchtubc, pcr prcljtc jvcaungchërgc, mcvgmjhtc hk bgrjåîc bj
mubkhåks prciuhbks jm pkrkbgemks akrekmjhtj mkhtgbcs, jm ejrka prcergbj bj icrmk ajhtk j
ncm nugbkbc bjagfjrkbc. Tkngìhngk sjrë sjmprj umk vgrtubj hjnjssërgk.
Tcrquj k jxpjrgìhngk bj nchsngìhngk ç jssjhngkamjhtj pjsscka, k mjhskejm prgvkbk bk ‑My
Fge RCJ” ç pkrk vcnì, nkríssgmc ajgtcr „ sgm, jxktkmjhtj pkrk vcnì. C pcbjr pkrk jijtukr
mubkhåk pcsgtgvk sgehgignktgvk, hîc jstë hcs ecvjrhcs cu prcigssújs, hjm ncm k ngìhngk j
tjnhcacegk quj jak ejrk. C pcbjr rjka pcr trës bc prcerjssc j nrjsngmjhtc sgehgignkhtj, jm
qukaqujr hívja bj kerjekåîc cu crekhgzkåîc, ç k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbuka
bgrjngchkhbc k kåîc. Jajvkr k qukagbkbj pcbj sjr ktghegbc scmjhtj pjak jvcauåîc pjsscka
kutcbgrgegbk, bj nkbk ghbgvíbuc. Nakrkmjhtj, k mjhskejm prgvkbk bk ‑Fge ‑Fge RCJ” ç cijrjngbk
pkrk sju usc j fjhjiíngc pjsscka. ^ju vkacr pctjhngka hîc jstë hks pkakvrks, cu hks gbjgks,
kprjsjhtkbks. C pctjhngka bc vkacr bjak ç k pcssgfgagbkbj bj pcsgtgvkmjhtj ghiaujhngkr c pctjhngka
bc sju vkacr „ um pctjhngka quj ç prciuhbc j kaçm bk jstgmkåîc.
jstgmkåîc.
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C Trjsgbjhtj bk Jmprjsk, j Hcssk
Trcvëvja Gmpcrtæhngk Vjaktgvk

^jrë bj klubk pkrk hcssk ncmprjjhsîc ejrka bk Ygsîc Kmpak, sj pubjrmcs jhqukbrkr
umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs prjngsk j ùmgabj scfrj k hkturjzk bj hcssk rjkagbkbj, j hcssc auekr hjak.
Kaeuhs quj pcr suks prþprgks rkzújs, hîc jhnchtrkrkm umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak bjhtrc bk igacscigk
j rjagegújs trkbgngchkgs, irjqujhtjmjhtj pcstuakm kaeumk ncgsk hîc nch`jnívja, tka ncmc k
‑Mjhtj bj Bjus”, ncmc ^tjp`jh @kwoghe sj rjijrj kc tjrmc hc igm bj sju agvrc, Zmk Frjvj
@gstþrgk bc Rjmpc.
Rjmpc. Mjsmc kaec quj ç tîc jxpkhsgvc, kfjrtc j místgnc, ncm k Mjhtj bj Bjus,
usukamjhtj rjprjsjhtk kpjhks umk pjrspjntgvk bj pjqujhk vgsîc bk KZM, pcrquj ç bjrgvkbk bj
umk bgmghutgvk pjqujhk vgsîc bj bjus, c nrgkbcr j khgmkbcr bj hcssc uhgvjrsc iísgnc.
Ykmcs rjvjr ncmc c hcssc uhgvjrsc sj rjakngchk k rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak. Hc Nkpítuac >> bc
Agvrc ;, kssghkakmcs quj hcssc uhgvjrsc cnupk kpjhks umk mghüsnuak iktgk bj tcbc c jspkåc-
rjkagbkbj-iísgnk bgspchívja bjhtrc bj hcssk prþprgk bgmjhsîc bj jspkåc-tjmpc. Bk mjsmk icrmk,
vjrjmcs hcs Nkpítuacs 5:, 0; j 06 bc Agvrc >, quj hcssk rjkagbkbj acnka rjprjsjhtk kpjhks um
frkåc bks mugtks rjkagbkbjs bgvjrejhtjs prcvëvjgs. Ajmfrj-sj quj `ë mugtks rjkagbkbjs
ghbjpjhbjhtjs bc tgpc TMV quj jxgstjm bjhtrc bk HTMVH, k quka ç jak mjsmk, kpjhks umk bj
vërgcs sgstjmks bj rjkagbkbj mkgs, cu mjhcs, ghbjpjhbjhtjs (umk bks HTMVh). C pchtc ç< Hcssc
uhgvjrsc TMV ikvcrgtc hîc jstë jxktkmjhtj hc njhtrc bk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak.
kmpak. Bj iktc, suk
sgehgignæhngk ejrka rjaktgvk pkrjnjrgk sjr quksj ghighgtjsgmka, qukhbc ncmpkrkbk kc tkmkh`c
frutc bj ‑Rubc C [uj Ç”.
KZM ç kssgm, c `cmjm hc ncmkhbc bk bgrjtcrgk j c Cigngka Jxjnutgvc N`jij (NJC,
prjsgbjhtj) bk ‑MCE Ncrp
Ncrp.”.” (ncrpcrkåîc Mjhtj bj Bjus), kssgm ncmc c ç tkmfçm c prþprgc
jxpjrgmjhtc jvcaungchërgc ncmpajtc (sufstkhngk, rjsuatkbcs, nchnausújs j pcssgfgagbkbjs bj igm
jm kfjrtc „ tubc ncmfghkbc, j kc mjsmc tjmpc). Nchtghukhbc ncm jstk mjtëicrk ncrpcrktgvk
fjm-sckhtj, c N`jiîc ç c ejrjhtj bk bgvgsîc ‑H”, bjbgnkbc k um sufnchluhtc jspjngignc bcs
mcbjacs bj bjsjhvcavgmjhtc jvcaungchërgcs, nchtjhbc mugtks TMVs. Kvkhåkhbc mkgs kfkgxc hk
nkbjgk bj ncmkhbc, jvjhtukamjhtj sj n`jek k uhs pcuncs kssgstjhtjs j sjus klubkhtjs quj jstîc
cnupkbcs ncm hcssc kmkbc C^ j sjus `kfgtkhtjs. Hcssc uhgvjrsc iísgnc ç um sufnchluhtc bc
C^.
Bkbc quj um cu mkgs bjstjs kssgstjhtjs bj fkgxc-hívja bgrjtkmjhtj cnupkbcs ncm k
kbmghgstrkåîc bc C^, sj kpagquj pkrk c trkfka`c bj ‑Bjus bk TMV”, jhtîc KZM sjrgk k Mjhtj
bj Bjus bj bjus, bj bjus. ^gm, jstcu kpjhks mj bgvjrtghbc kqug, mks vcnì nkptcu c pchtc.
^j k bgvgsîc bc N`jiîc ç jspjngkamjhtj aunrktgvk, tkavjz jaj sjlk prcmcvgbc k vgnj-prjsgbjhtj
lühgcr um bgk, j sjr
sjrëë prjmg
prjmgkbc
kbc ncm um jspkåc prgvkbc chbj pcpcbjrë
bjrë js
jstkngchkr
tkngchkr k prþ
prþprgk
prgk mjhtj,
ncm cpåújs jm kåújs, chgsngìhngk sjm ca`kr j umks erkhbjs içrgks chbj jaj pcbjrë skgr, vcnì
skfj, skgr bk suk mjhtj (bupac sjhtgbc bj jhacuqujnjr, hc gheaìs) pcr pcunks sjmkhks. C quj sîc
vcnìs hjstk khkacegk pktçtgnk3 ^îc, mjus kmgecs, cs rjnrutks pjújs quj pkrjnjm (bc sju pchtc
bj vgstk) ikzjr tcbc c trkfka`c j rjnjfjr hjhùm nrçbgtc, lustc ncmc hk ‑vgbk rjka”. Rkavjz cftjr
nrçbgtc hîc sjlk tîc gmpcrtkhtj ncmc pcbjrgk ghgngkamjhtj pkrjnjr.
Jm um mcmjhtc ajvjmjhtj mjtkiþrgnc, vcnì pcbjrgk sj rjijrgr k KZM ncmc k Mjhtj bj

Bjus bj bjus bj bjus, mks k KZM ç tkmfçm tîc mkgcr quj gstc. MCE (Mjhtj bj Bjus) ç
kpjhks um n`kpçu quj, bc hcssc pchtc bj vgstk, KZM pkrjnj uskr, pcr nkusk bj hcssk
pjrspjntgvk bgmghutk, bcs nchnjgtcs bj rjkagbkbj j bjus. Jstk pjqujhghk pjrspjntgvk vjm
hkturkamjhtj, pcrquj (hþs mjsmcs, hcssk rjkagbkbj j `gstþrgk) scmcs mjrkmjhtj um mugtc,
mugtc, mugtc pjqujhghc pchtgh`c, jm umk vgsîc mugtc mkgs kmpak, quj jstë jak mjsmk,
jhrcakbk jm vcatk bj kaec mugtc mkgcr j mkgs sufagmj bc quj pcbjmcs gmkeghkr. Tjrbîc, mks
hîc ç prcvëvja quj jstjlkmcs hc njhtrc bjstk vgsîc mkgs kmpak? ks prcfkfgagbkbjs sîc nakrkmjhtj
nchtrk gssc. Hîc ç prcvëvja hjm quj jstjlkmcs hc njhtrc bj hcssc uhgvjrsc TMV, mugtc mjhcs
hc njhtrc bj hcssk rjkagbkbj mkgcr, mugtc, mugtc mjhcs hc njhtrc bk rjkagbkbj bc N`jiîc, j
mugtc, mugtc, mugtc mjhcs hc njhtrc bk rjkagbkbj bk KZM.
^jlk rjkagstk. Hþs (C^) scmcs gmpcrtkhtjs, kssgm ncmc mugtks cutrks agh`ks `gstþrgnks
rcbkhbc ktrkvçs bj cutrcs uhgvjrscs, jm mugtcs cutrcs sgstjmks bj rjkagbkbj, jspka`kbcs pcr
mugtks TMVs, quj rjsgbjm jm mugtks HTMVs, quj jxgstjm bjhtrc bj nkbk umk bks mugtks
mkhgijstkåújs bk KZM. Mugtc, mugtc, mugtc pjqujhghc, ç prcvkvjamjhtj kghbk um jxkejrc
uatrklkhtj, scfrj hcssk gmpcrtæhngk prcvëvja rjaktgvk kc tcbc. ^cmcs, pjaks prcfkfgagbkbjs
(jstktgstgnkmjhtj ikakhbc), pcssgvjamjhtj mugtc mjhcrjs quj gssc.
Mjsmcjmsjskfjr
vkhtkejm icrmcs
bgssc,mkgs gmpcrtkhtjs
j pcbj bc quj ks
`kvjr nchsgbjrëvjgs jstktístgnks (hîc
bjsvkhtkejhs ghbgnkm, hîc jm
ju j vcnì `ë pkrtgnuakr,
hjhùmk
nakrc, mks sjeurkmjhtj pkrk cs bjmkgs). Rka nch`jngmjhtc grgk nchstgtugr umk bjsvkhtkejm
sçrgk, sj jhncrklkssj jecs, k ghvjhtkr erkhbjs tjcrgks scfrj hcssk gmpcrtæhngk (ncmc jspçngj cu
ghbgvíbucs), quj pcbjrgkm, pcr suk vjz, hcs ajvkr k vjr tubc c mkgs (kaçm bj hþs mjsmcs) ncmc
rjaktgvkmjhtj pcunc gmpcrtkhtj j ghsgehgignkhtj. Kutc gmpcrtæhngk pcbj bkr crgejm k krrceæhngk
j hcs ajvkr k gehcrkr cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj mja`crkr k hþs mjsmcs. Nchvjhngbcs bc hcssc vkacr
jspjngka, pcbjríkmcs tjrmghkr ncm um bjsprjzc krrcekhtj pjak sgehgignæhngk bcs cutrcs, kssgm
ncmc umk ktgtubj bjsrjspjgtcsk kcs jncssgstjmks quj hcs sustjhtkm. Ycnì kn`k quj gstc pcbjrgk
knchtjnjr3 ^jrë quj cs ùmkhcs sîc nkpkzjs bjstj tgpc bj krrceæhngk njek3 Tkrk jstkr bc akbc
sjeurc, pjhsc quj bjvjríkmcs sjr nugbkbcscs hîc jhncrklkhbc jstks ktgtubjs pkrtgnuakrmjhtj
bgsiuhngchkgs, mjsmc quj rjprjsjhtjm vkacrjs trkbgngchkgs.
pkrkYcnì kn`k qujbkiugrjkagbkbj,

k bjsnrgåîc bjshjnjsskrgkmjhtj
quj sjeuj burc, rksnuh`khbc
hks prþxgmks bukskaeuhs bcsIug
sjåújs3 nchnjgtcs iuhbkmjhtkgs
nruja cu gmpaknëvja
jsvkzgkhbc jecs, jstcurkhbc fca`ks qujrgbks, prjssgchkhbc nchnjgtcs bgiínjgs j bjsnchnjrtkhtjs
scfrj vcnì bj tcbks ks bgrjåújs3 Jspjrc quj hîc sghtk bjstk mkhjgrk. Tkrk mgm, ks prjmgssks j
nchnausújs jhnchtrkbks hk ‑My Fge RCJ” sîc jmkhngpkbcrks, jmpcbjrkhtjs j bgvjrtgbks. Jspjrc
quj ks jstjlk kn`khbc ghtjrjsskhtjs j tkmfçm pctjhngkamjhtj ütjgs, j quj jstjlk jhncrklkbc k
pjrsjeugr umk jvcauåîc kutcbgrgegbk bj suk nchsngìhngk.
Jspjrc quj jstjlk sj bgvjrtghbc jhqukhtc kachek suk mjhtj jm tcrhc bjstks gbjgks, qujr jstjlk
jhnchtrkhbc sþagbk nchncrbæhngk ncm sjus bkbcs pjssckgs, cu icrmuakhbc nugbkbcskmjhtj umk
rjiutkåîc bj bjsnrçbgtc. Bgvjrsîc bj ncrkåîc ajvj, ç um gmpcrtkhtj ncmpchjhtj bc kprjhbgzkbc.
▤▤▤
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Ghnjrtjzk j Mkhgpuakåîc bc Iuturc Ncm
K Ghtjhåîc „ K Hkturjzk bc Ijhòmjhc Tsg

- Mjbgåîc j Ykagbkåîc „
Rcmkhbc c Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc
Bgsnutgmcs ncmc hþs j KZM jstkmcs rjakngchkbcs „ ncmc hcssk hkturjzk j prcpþsgtc,
sîc bjrgvkbcs bk hkturjzk j prcpþsgtc bc sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka jm jvcauåîc, quj
n`kmkmcs KZM. Ygmcs, quj scmcs pkrtj bj um crekhgsmc mkgcr bj nchsngìhngk, quj ç
bjpjhbjhtj (ncmc tcbcs cs sgstjmks ncmpajxcs jm jvcauåîc sîc) bj quj tcbks ks suks pkrtjs,
jmpurrjm luhtc pkrk kssjeurkr sju nrjsngmjhtc j jxgstìhngk nchtghukbcs.
Hjstj nkpítuac, mubkmcs bj mkrn`k j jxpacrkmcs k rjkagbkbj mkgcr, bj umk pjrspjntgvk
mkgs
psg j ùmkhk. Ykmcs
nrjsngmjhtc bkr umk
jspgrgtuka, ca`kbk
jstîc jm ncmc kk hcssk
rjakngchkbcs ghnjrtjzk, rjstrgåújs
jxpjrgìhngk hk äTMV
nchsngìhngk, ijhòmjhcs
j hk Ygsîc Kmpak.
Kqug vkmcs ikzjr jhnkgxkr, mugtc bks gbjgks quj tjmcs bgsnutgbc bj umk pjrspjntgvk mkgs
pjsscka.
Tjac títuac bjstj nkpgtuac, pkrjnjrgk quj umk ncagsîc ghjaëstgnk kajktþrgk hc jspkåc tþpgnc,
ncacu trìs tjmks irknkmjhtj rjakngchkbcs, quj bjvjrgkm sjr tþpgncs sjpkrkbcs. Bj iktc, jstjs trìs
tþpgncs sîc tîc jxtjhskmjhtj jhtrjakåkbcs, quj cs nchsgbjrkr jm nchluhtc, bjhtrc bj um
nchtjxtc ncmpkrtga`kbc, mja`crkrë k ncmprjjhsîc bj nkbk um.
Tkrk nrgkr umk jhtgbkbj cu sgstjmk ncm irchtjgrks, ç prjngsc gmpcr rjstrgåújs scfrj k icrmk-
jhjregk tkgs ncmc mkssk iísgnk cu nchsngìhngk hîc-iísgnk. Jstks rjstrgåújs bjighjm j mkhtçm k
jhtgbkbj. ^j k rjstrgåîc icr rjmcvgbk, k jhtgbkbj bjsghtjerkrë, bgssgpkrë cu bjsmktjrgkagzkrë.
bjsmktjrgkagzkrë.
Cfljtcs hîc nchsngjhtjs, hîc nrjsnjhtjs cu ghkhgmkbcs (bc pchtc bj vgstk bk TMV) tjhbjm k
ignkr
iuhbchcbgspchívja
jstkbc qujrjmcvk
sîc bjgxkbcs k mjhcs
rjstrgåújs quj cu
ghtjrhks umkjxtjrhks
jhjregk (nkuskhbc
sjlk kpagnkbk, cu kaeumkmubkhåk
mcvgmjhtc, jhjregk bj
bj
jstkbc, bjejhjrkåîc, bjncmpcsgåîc, bjsmktjrgkagzkåîc cu sufagmkåîc). K jhtrcpgk bcs cfljtcs
ghkhgmkbcs, sj bjgxkbk pcr jak mjsmk, tjhbj k kumjhtkr „ iktc jxprjsskbc pjak sjeuhbk ajg bk
tjrmcbghæmgnk (vjlk scfrj jhtrcpgk hc kpkrtj prþxgmc kc mjgc bc Nkpítuac 62 bc Agvrc;). K
sjeuhbk ajg bk tjrmcbghæmgnk rjsuatk bc iktc bj quj prcnjsscs iísgncs hkturkgs sîc grrjvjrsívjgs, j
prcnurkm c mkgs fkgxc jstkbc bj jhjregk bgspchívja „ ç um krtjiktc hkturka bk iuhngchkagbkbj bc
jspkåc-tjmpc.
K nrgkåîc bj umk jhtgbkbj nchsngjhtj sjeuj ks mjsmks rjerks bk nrgkåîc bj qukaqujr
jhtgbkbj, jxnjtc quj jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs tìm k `kfgagbkbj bj mcbgignkr k sg mjsmks ncm
ghtjhåîc bj agvrj krfítrgc. Vjstrgåújs jxtjrhks sîc gmpcstks ä um sufnchluhtc bj jhjregk
pctjhngka bj nchsngìhngk, pkrk icrmkr umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, quj ç umk jhtgbkbj
sjhngjhtj ghbgvgbuka. Vjstrg-åújs kbgngchkgs jxtjrhks, sîc gmpcstks hks ghtjrkåújs j pjrnjpåújs
bkqujak nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk (tkgs ncmc c nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bc jspkåc-tjmpc TMV), k igm
bj nrgkr um kmfgjhtj quj ikngagtj c prcerjssc jvcaungchërgc. Nchtu-bc, ncm cs ktrgfutcs bk
nchsngìhngk umk jhtgbkbj sjhngjhtj, pcbj nrgkr suks prþprgks rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks. Ks rjstrgåújs
ghtjrhks quj umk jhtgbkbj sjhngjhtj tgpgnkmjhtj sj gmpújm, grë ghjvgtkvjamjhtj, agmgtkr c
pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc bkqujak jhtgbkbj. Kaeumks bks rjstrgåújs kutc gmpcstks,
gmpcstks, pcbjm pkrjnjr
sjrvgr k um prcpþsgtc tjmpcrërgc, j kaeumks sîc cfvgkmjhtj mkgs bgsiuhngchkgs (hîc aunrktgvks)
quj cutrks, mks tcbks prjngskm sjr jvjhtukamjhtj rjmcvgbks pjak jjhtgbkbj
htgbkbj,, sj jak qugsjr ktghegr
sju pctjhngka ncmpajtc.
Kbgngchkr ghnjrtjzk j mghgmgzkr rjstrgåújs bjhtrc bj umk bkbk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka, sjmprj ejrk
pctjhngka mkgs kmpac pkrk ks jhtgbkbjs bjhtrc bkqujak rjkagbkbj, pcrquj mkgcr agfjrbkbj j
jsnca`ks kbgngchkgs, bîc supcrtj k um nchluhtc mkgs vkrgkbc bj rjsuatkbcs pctjhngkgs. [ukhbc
scmcs pjecs jm umk nrjhåk krmkbga`k (tjmcs umk nrjhåk), nrgkmcs umk rjstrgåîc ghtjrhk
kbgngchka quj agmgtk mkgs k nkpkngbkbj j iuhåîc bk hcssk nchsngìhngk. Nrgkr cu mkhtjr rjstrgåújs
ghtjrhks hîc aunrktgvks, quj agmgtkm suk nchsngìhngk pjsscka, rjqujr jhjregk (crekhgzkåîc
bgsiuhngchka) j kumjhtk k jhtrcpgk bk suk nchsngìhngk.
Kghbk quj rjstrgåújs, pcsskm nchigeurkr um sgstjmk pkrk um igm jspjngignc, ejrkamjhtj
agmgtkm k jhjregk pctjhngka bc sgstjmk. Vjstrgåújs ghtjrhks bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk,
quj agmgtkm nrjsngmjhtc j aunrktgvgbkbj, rjprjsjhtkm umk crekhgzkåîc bgegtka suf þtgmk cu
ghgfgbcrk bj rjsuatkbc. Jhjregk crekhgzkngchka ç ekstk, mks cs rjsuatkbcs sîc nchtrkprcbunjhtjs
(bgsiuhngchkgs j hîc
rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks aunrktgvcs
kutc gmpcstkspkrk
jm ctjrmcs
sgstjmk
bjcu facqujgkm
jhjregk aunrktgvgbkbj
pctjhngka bgegtka, cuiuturk). Tjhsj
sghjregk, scfrj ks
hjektgvk.
Kbgngchkr rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks hîc aunrktgvks (nrjhåk, mjbc j jec) k suk nchsngìhngk ç khëacec
k jspka`kr tglcacs j facncs bj nchnrjtc jm umk rcbcvgk. K rcbcvgk icg ijgtk pkrk jmprjekr
rjstrgåújs jxtjrhks aunrktgvks (tcbc c trëijec nchighkbc k umk jstrkbk jigngjhtj j nchvjhgjhtj bj
um tgpc jspjngignc j acnkagzkåîc), jhqukhtc jhn`j-ak bj cfstënuacs rjprjsjhtk kbgåîc bj
rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks bgsiuhngchkgs, quj rjbuzjm k iuhngchkagbkbj j jigngìhngk.
K jhjregk bk nchsngìhngk, tjm c pctjhngka bj crekhgzkr k sg mjsmk mkgs jijtgvkmjhtj „ pkrk
bjsjhvcavjr pjrnjpåîc mkgs frga`khtj, ejrkr j nrgktgvkmjhtj uskr ncmprjjhsîc, sjhtgmjhtc,
nugbkbc, kmcr j jsicråc mjhtka bgrgegbc, bj umk mkhjgrk quj sjlk ütga j klubj k sg j ks cutrks
nchsngìhngks, quj sj jsicråkm pkrk jvcaugr. Nkbk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, ejrk sju prþprgc j
ühgnc nkmgh`c, hk bgrjåîc bj kumjhtkr cu bgmghugr suk aunrktgvgbkbj, kghbk kssgm, sîc tcbks
jxprjssújs
mkgcr bj quj rjiajtjm c çprcnjssc
nchsngìhngk, j prcpþsgtc
rjkagzkbk ktrkvçs bc
bj tcbc.
tcbc. Mja`cr qukagbkbj
kutcmja`crgks bjhtrcbjbj suks
sghçregnks um sgstjmk
pkrtjs
ghbgvgbukbks. Vjbuåîc bj jhtrcpgk ç c hcmj bc lcec, bjhtrc bj tcbks ks bgmjhsújs bc irkntka bj
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk,
nchsngìhngk, chbj qujr quj k jvcauåîc jstjlk cncrrjhbc. Chbj qujr quj k jvcauåîc
hîc jstjlk cncrrjhbc, kqujak pcråîc bc irkntka bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk jstë jstkehkbk,
bjtjrgcrkhbc cu mcrrjhbc.
K jhtrcpgk bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk (ghnaughbc sufsgstjmks ghbgvgbukagzkbcs)
rjprjsjhtk ghbgspchgfgagbkbj bk jhjregk bk nchsngìhngk, pkrk rjkagzkr trkfka`c. C trkfka`c
prgmërgc bk nchsngìhngk ç crekhgzkr k sg mjsmk mkgs jijtgvkmjhtj, kssumgr suk prþprgk
jvcauåîc j, kumjhtkr suk aunrktgvgbkbj ejrka ktrkvçs bk kutcmcbgignkåîc (nrjsngmjhtc).
(nrjsngmjhtc). Jstkbcs
mkgs katcs bj jhtrcpgk bjhtrc bk nchsngìhngk rjprjsjhtkm crekhgzkåîc hîc aunrktgvk<
bjscrekhgzkåîc, mjbcs, nrjhåks, cpkngbkbj, pctjhngka bgmghuíbc, jecnjhtrgsmc j ghkfgagbkbj bj
ncmprjjhbjr ghtjr-rjakåújs ncmpajxks cu Ygsújs Kmpaks. Jhtrcpgks mkgs katks rjsuatkm jm
sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk tjhbc mjhcs pctìhngk, quj pcssk sjr kpagnkbk pkrk scfrjpulkr k ghçrngk
bk gehcræhngk j bgsiuhngchkagbkbj bc jec. Hîc rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bk nchsngìhngk rjsuatk jm um
bjspjrbíngc bj pctjhngka.
[ukhtc mjhcs rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks bgsiuhngchkgs (tkgs ncmc mjbc, jec, hjnjssgbkbjs cu
nrjhåks), quj pcsskm agmgtkr umk nchsngìhngk jm pkrtgnuakr, mjhcr suk jhtrcpgk ksscngkbk j mkgs
jijtgvkmjhtj jak pcbj pcpuakr cs jstkbcs mkgs aunrktgvcs, bgspchívjgs k jak. C gmpuasc cu bjsjlc
bj sjr ütga ä, j sj prjcnupkr cu nugbkr bcs cutrcs (kmcr), ç umk prcprgjbkbj ghktk bk
nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk.
jhtrcpgk. Zmk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk ç umk nchsngìhngk jijtgvk j
pcbjrcsk. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk rjprjsjhtk um
ghbgvíbuc jijtgvc, ncm nchsgbjrëvja pcbjr pjsscka.
K kutc rjmcåîc bj rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks kutc gmpcstks pcr jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs, prcvì
cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk rjbuzgr jhtrcpgk j kumjhtkr sghjregk, jhqukhtc, rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks rjmcvgbks
bj cfljtcs ghkhgmkbcs, prcvì cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk kumjhtc bj jhtrcpgk.
Vjstrgåújs vjm jm mugtks icrmks. Tcr jxjmpac, sj kaeuçm quj tjm `kfgagbkbj bj mkhgpuakr
jhjregk hîc iísgnk ç scagngtkbc k rjmcvjr (bgssgpkr cu bjsmktjrgkagzkr) um tumcr (nkrcåc
pjrnjptívja) bc ncrpc TMV bj umk pjssck, k jhjregk rjqujrgbk bjpjhbj bj, jhtrj cutrks ncgsks, c
erku kc quka c tumcr jstë nchjntkbc k rjkagbkbj TMV „ suk icråk bj sjr hk TMV.
TMV. (Jstk ‑icråk bj
sjr” quj sck mjgc gmktjrgka ç hk vjrbkbj fjm-bjighgbk hc Nkpítuac ;; bc agvrc >).
[ukhtgtktgvkmjhtj, ç umk jxpjntktgvk bc vkacr bc iuturc jvjhtc, hk supjriíngj bj rjkagbkbj
prcvëvja ksscngkbk „ umk bgsnussîc quj tjrjmcs jm bjtka`j hc Nkpítuac 5 bc Agvrc >. ^j c
ncrpc
bj um bc pcrtkbcr
tumcr j uhs
mkagehc, pcuncs bj
k jhjregk cutrcs, jstîcpcbj
rjmcåîc, mjbgkhkmjhtj kheustgkbcs
sjr rjaktgvkmjhtj (iënga kbjpcssgfgagbkbj
fkgxk scfrj ikzjr). Hjstk
sgtukåîc, kghbk jxgstj mugtk ghnjrtjzk hk TMV „ hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj pkrk qujm jstë
mkhgpuakhbc k jhjregk bc ncrpc hîc-iísgnc bj bjhtrc bk HTMV „ pkrk jstj, k hkturjzk bc nkrcåc
pcbj sjr pjrijgtkmjhtj nakrk.
^j pcr cutrc akbc, quktrc mçbgncs j mjtkbj bcs rjsgbjhtjs bc `cspgtka acnka lë ca`krkm k
tcmcerkigk, cu sjhtgrkm c nkrcåc, j jstîc rjaktgvkmjhtj njrtcs bj quj ç mkagehc, k jhjregk bj
rjmcåîc sjrë bj kaeumk icrmk mkgs katk. [ukhbc tcbcs cs kngmk, ajrjm c rjaktþrgc bk fgþpsgk
nchigrmkhbc um tumcr bj nrjsngmjhtc rëpgbc, ghnurëvja j bj mkagehgbkbj quksj sjmprj mcrtka,
k jhjregk rjqujrgbk nrjsnj. [ukhtc mkgs igrmjmjhtj, k jxgstìhngk bc tumcr mkagehc j prcvëvja
rjsuatkbc (erku bj njrtjzk nkuska), sjlk mkhtgbk j ncmpkrtga`kbk, hks mjhtjs j jxpjntktgvks bcs
sjrjs sjhngjhtjs bgehcs bj nrjhåk, mkgs katk j bjhsk k iuhåîc bj prcfkfgagbkbj sj tcrhk. K
ghnjrtjzk
mugtc mkgs bc bgiínga
rjsuatkbc
bj sjmubkr
bgssgpkpjak
j cmkhgpuakåîc
prcvëvja jvjhtc bj mcrrjr
bj jhjregk hk bjstj
HTMV næhnjr hk TMV, sj tcrhk
H. Kicrtuhkbkmjhtj, k
ghtjhåîc j ktgtubj (icnc mjhtka) bc pcrtkbcr, tjm c mkgcr gmpkntc pctjhngka.
Bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, jstk ktgtubj ç irjqujhtjmjhtj bgrgegbk pjac mjbc, kssgm ncm pjaks
cpghgújs j mjbcs bcs cutrcs.
cutrcs.
Kecrk,, pcr bjighgåîc, sjrë hjnjssërgc um mgakerj,
Kecrk mgakerj, chbj khtjs hjhùm jstkvk jhvcavgbc. C
nch`jngmjhtc nchigkhtj bcs mçbgncs, fksjkbc hc rjsuatkbc j bcs tjstjs j `gstþrgnc prjnjbjhtj
(jstktístgnks bj mcrtkagbkbj), hk rjkagbkbj kijtkm (rjbuzjm) k prcfkfgagbkbj bk rjkagzkåîc, bj
pcssgfgagbkbjs katjrhktgvks tkgs ncmc umk rjmgssîc jspchtæhjk, cu quj c tumcr sj tcrhj
fjhgehc.. Ncmc hk mjnæhgnk quæhtgnk, jxjnutkr umk mjbgåîc icråk c rjsuatkbc k tcmkr um
fjhgehc
jstkbc ncmpktívja ncm k nkuskagbkbj TMV (ncmpktívja ncm c nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bc jspkåc-
tjmpc TMV). Rgpgnkmjhtj, c jstkbc mkgs prcvëvja hk katurk bk mjbgåîc, ç tcmkbc (k mjhcs quj
jxgstk vërgcs
rjsuatkbcs jstkbcsiuturcs)
(jstkbcs bj geuka
qujprcfkfgagbkbj j jhtîc C
sîc mkgs prcvëvjgs. k jsnca`k ç kajktþrgk)
ghbgvíbuc jhtrjluhtc
ncm c tumcr, c nchluhtc bj
ncm sjus
kmgecs j kmkbcs, pcbj ghkbvjrtgbkmjhtj klubkr k bgrgegr c rjsuatkbc ktç um ighka ghijagz, ikzjhbc
ncm quj k prcfkfgagbkbj bj um rjsuatkbc iktka nrjsåk, j k prcfkfgagbkbj bj um rjsuatkbc hîc iktka
bgmghuk. Nugbkbc< vcnì pcbj ikngamjhtj sjr krrkstkbc, pkrk umk bkhåk iktka bj jxpjntktgvks,
scfrj kqujajs agekbcs k vcnì cu k suk nchbgåîc. K mja`cr `crk pkrk umk ghtjrvjhåîc, qujr sjlk
bk TMV cu bk HTMV, ç mugtc khtjs bc ‑iktka” vgrkr umk quksj ghjvgtkfgagbkbj.
C iuturc hîc ç um hjeþngc jhnjrrkbc.
jhnjrrkbc. KTMV ç umk rjkagbkbj ghtjrktgvk „ tjmcs agvrj
krfítrgc j `kfgagbkbj pctjhngka bj mkhgpuakr, cu pjac mjhcs icrtjmjhtj ghiaujhngkr, k
prcfkfgagbkbj bj quj qukaqujr jvjhtc pkrtgnuakr sj mkhgijstj hc iísgnc. Jxgstjm rjerks, j k
skfjbcrgk prjngsk sjr kpagnkbk pkrk uskr k jhjregk hîc-iísgnk „ `ë ncgsks, quj kaeuçm bjvjrgk cu
hîc ikzjr, kssgm ncmc ncgsks quj pcbj cu hîc ikzjr. Tcr jxjmpac,
jxjmpac, ç hjnjssërgc skfjr qukhbc
klubk sj tcrhk ghtjrijrìhngk.
ghtjrijrìhngk. Bkr klubk hk pjqujhk vgsîc mkgs gmjbgktk, pcbj ks vjzjs sjr
nchtrkprcbunjhtj bjhtrc bj umk pjrspjntgvk mkgcr, pcrquj bjskigcs bgiínjgs irjqujhtjmjhtj
rjprjsjhtkm erkhbjs cpcrtuhgbkbjs. [ukhbc kaeuçm rjmcvj c bjskigc, rjmcvj tkmfçm k
cpcrtuhgbkbj.
Mugtcs ignkrgkm surprjscs scfrj quîc jijtgvc, um ghbgvíbuc jxpjrgmjhtkbc j nch`jnjbcr
pcbj sjr, trkfka`khbc ncm k HTMV.HTMV. C pchtc ç< rjvjrtjr ajgs nkuskgs bc jspkåc-tjmpc (um
mgakerj) rjqujr mugtc mkgs jhjregk, bc quj mcbgignkr bgrjtkmjhtj c rjsuatkbc bj um jvjhtc
ghnjrtc.. Mkgs kbgkhtj vcu icrmkagzkr jstj nchnjgtc, hc quj n`kmc bj prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg.
ghnjrtc
Hîc cu
pcsgtgvc jstcu ikakhbc,
pcbjr scfrj
bk nrjhåk c pkrk
j iç, quj çmkhgijstkr
irjqujhtjmjhtj rjijrgbc,Jstjs
jijgtcs iísgncs. ncmc pcbjrsîcbcrjkgs,
jijgtcs pjhskmjhtc
mks sîc
tgpgnkmjhtj irkncs, ghnchsgstjhtjs j hîc nchigëvjgs. Jstcu ikakhbc scfrj bgrjtk j prjngskmjhtj
katjrkr c iuturc prcvëvja ncm c pcbjr ghtjhngchka bj umk mjhtj icnkagzkbk, nakrk j ncjrjhtj.
Tjhskmjhtc pcsgtgvc j ncacnkr jhjregk jm bjsjlcs cu prjnjs pcbj sjr ütga j jijtgvc, mks sjus
jijgtcs hîc sîc jm ejrka mugtc pctjhtjs cu prjvgsívjgs, pcrquj k jhjregk bk ghtjhåîc nchsngjhtj
quj cs supcrtk, tgpgnkmjhtj hîc ç fjm icnkagzkbk, ncjrjhtj cu pjrnjptgvk bcs tjmks mkgs kmpacs.
Jxgstjm pjsscks jxnjpngchkgs „ kaeumks vjzjs jm ngrnuhstkhngks jxnjpngchkgs „ quj tìm
uskbc jstks icrmks tgpgnkmjhtj pcunc pctjhtjs, vgecrcskmjhtj. Rjr jspjrkhåk bj, cu tjhtkr
prcljtkr nrjhåk cu iç, jm um rjsuatkbc mjhsurëvja tgpgnkmjhtj prcbuz (sj ç quj prcbuz kaec)
um irknc, bgiusc, gmprjvgsívja j bjsicnkbc jijgtc, bgrgegbc pcr jmcåújs j sjhtgmjhtcs nchiuscs,
jm vjz bj nch`jngmjhtc j jxpjrgìhngk prjngscs. Ç k bgijrjhåk jhtrj sjhtgr c mcrhc sukvj bc sca
ktrkvçs
qujgmj bj umk lkhjak,
furkncs ktrkvçsj bc
uskr
qujumk erkhbj
jstgvjr j pcbjrcsksjuajhtj
facqujkhbc pkrk pjrmgtgr
nkmgh`c. quj kqujak
Ç jxktkmjhtj mjsmknkacr
c mjsmc auz
rkbgkhtj bk auz scakr ktrkvçs bj um pjbkåc bj vgbrc hcs bcgs nkscs, mks bgijrjhtjs mçtcbcs bj
ghtjrkegr ncm k jhjregk bc sca prcbuzjm rjsuatkbcs mugtc bgijrjhtjs. Bj icrmk sgmgakr, sjm umk
ncjrìhngk icråkbk, um aksjr ç kpjhks auz vjrmja`k crbghërgk. K mjtcbcacegk quj
ghtjhngchkamjhtj jmprjek umk tçnhgnk bj mkhgpuakåîc bj jhjregk scigstgnkbk (ajhtjs þtgnks,
aksjr, cu pjrnjpåîc HTMV) pkrk icnkagzkr jhjregk kmfgjhtj, ç kqujak quj tjm c pcbjr bj
prcbuzgr jijgtcs brkmëtgncs j rjsuatkbcs nchigëvjgs. Rkgs tçnhgnks (prjngsks ajhtjs bj erkhbj
bgæmjtrc k prcvk bj jrrcs, cu k `kfgagbkbj bj mkhgpuakr jhjregk HTMV) ghncrpcrkm c
nch`jngmjhtc j jxpjrgìhngk knumuakbcs bj mugtks ejrkåújs j tgpgnkmjhtj rjqujrjm `kfgagbkbj j
rktgnk pkrk prcbuzgr j kpagnkr.
kpagnkr.
Jstk bgsnussîc, bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, ajvk mugtcs k um bj bcgs jxtrjmcs ghtjajntukgs. C
rgmjgrc j mkgs ncmum nchnaug quj sj um næhnjr nulk jxgstìhngk hîc ç vjrgignkbk (erkhbj
njrtjzk) ç kpjhks um næhnjr quj pcbj sjr nurkbc pjak icnkagzkåîc kprcprgkbk bk nchsngìhngk,
jhtîc tka ktgvgbkbj pcbj sjr fksjkbk jm kutc gausîc. Jstk hîc ç umk nchnausîc aþegnk. Jak pcbj
sjr umk nchnausîc rkzcëvja scf kaeumks nchbgåújs, mks hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj tcbks. Jm hjhùm
nksc ‑ç ikasc” sjeuj acegnkmjhtj bj ‑hîc vjrgignkbc”. Rjhbjmcs k puakr pkrk jstk nchnausîc
gaþegnk, pcr nkusk bj hcssks nrjhåks bcemëtgnks nuaturkgs j ngjhtgignks. Aþegnk rjqujr quj um
prcfajmk igsgnkmjhtj hîc vjrgignkbc tjh`k umk scauåîc vjrgignkbk. Nchtubc, vkmcs vjr kfkgxc
quj c prghnípgc bj ghnjrtjzk psg, rjqujr quj cs prcfajmks quj sîc igsgnkmjhtj vjrgignkbcs (tumcr
bj mkagehgbkbj nch`jngbk bc jxjmpac) bjvkm cu tjr umk scauåîc igsgnkmjhtj vjrgignëvja, cu
umk scauåîc hîc iísgnk hîc igsgnkmjhtj vjrgignëvja.
C sjeuhbc jxtrjmc,
jxtrjmc, mkgs gaþegnc quj c prgmjgrc, nchnaug quj ktç quj c næhnjr jstjlk
vjrgignkbc pcr mjbgåîc (jxnausgvkmjhtj hk TMV), hk vjrbkbj hîc jxgstj. Nakrkmjhtj, jxgstìhngk
iuhbkmjhtka hîc ç acegnkmjhtj bjpjhbjhtj bj jxjnutkr mjbgåújs iísgnks. Ç vjrbkbj quj ktç quj
c næhnjr sjlk vjrgignkbc pcr mjbgåîc hk TMV, hîc pcbj sjr prcvkbk suk jxgstìhngk hk TMV. Jstj
iktc, kghbk quj aþegnc, nkrrjek pcunk sgehgignæhngk prktgnk hk Ygsîc Kmpak cu hk jstrjgtk, pcrquj
bgijrjhtjs. Bk mjsmk icrmk, bgsscavjr um
jxgstìhngk j k prcvk bk jxgstìhngk sîc ncgsks mugtc bgijrjhtjs.
tumcr pjak mkhgpuakåîc bj jhjregk hîc iísgnk, j prcvkr quj c tumcr icg bgsscavgbc, sîc ncgsks
mugtc bgijrjhtjs. K prgmjgrk hîc ç bjpjhbjhtj acegnkmjhtj bk sjeuhbk, kghbk quj k sjeuhbk sjlk
bjpjhbjhtj bk prgmjgrk.
[uj hkbk pcssk sjr nchsgbjrkbc rjka cu sgehgignkhtj, ktç quj tjh`k sgbc cfljtgvkmjhtj
prcvkbc, ç umk pcsgåîc gaþegnk fksjkbk hc prjssupcstc quj k TMV nchstgtug tcbk k rjkagbkbj j
quj vcnì (suk
jxgstìhngk, sjlknchsngìhngk)
prcvkbk cu çvkagbkbk
um bjrgvktgvc bk mktçrgkbkiísgnk.
pjak nkuskagbkbj Jstkvgsîc<
pjqujhk nrjhåkk místgnk rjqujr
jxgstìhngk quj k
bk Ygsîc
Kmpak rjqujr vkagbkåîc pjak pjqujhk vgsîc.
vgsîc. K mjsmk vja`k `gstþrgk.
`gstþrgk. Jstk nrjhåk hîc ç sþ gaþegnk
j grrkngchka, mks tkmfçm agmgtkhtj. Trcvk cfljtgvk fksjkbk-hk-TMV ç vkagcsk jm kaeumks
ngrnuhstkhngks jspjngignks (jxpacrkr c NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc), j tctkamjhtj grrjajvkhtj jm cutrks
(jxpacrkr k nchsngìhngk j k rjkagbkbj mkgcr). Ikzjr bk cfljtgvgbkbj TMV um rjqugsgtc uhgvjrska,
fkhj cs ghíngcs aþegncs j icråk k TMV, k sjr k rjkagbkbj uhgvjrska. [ukhbc vcnì vì k TMV ncmc
umk rjkagbkbj uhgvjrska, tubc kqugac kaçm bk TMV bjskpkrjnj bgkhtj bj sjus ca`cs, ä mjbgbk
quj suk vgsîc sj nchtrkg pkrk pjrnjfjr jxnausgvkmjhtj k pjqujhk vgsîc.
Jvgbjhngk nchnrjtk (mks hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj mktjrgka) j um nugbkbcsc prcnjssc ngjhtgignc
sîc kfscautkmjhtj hjnjssërgcs. Rjh`k jm mjhtj quj nch`jngmjhtc rjstrgtc kpjhks k TMV, bjighj
kpjhks umk pjrnjpåîc agmgtkbk bk rjkagbkbj j hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj, k prþprgk rjkagbkbj.
C iktcncm
pkrjnjm ç, suk
cs jxgstìhngk
`kfgtkhtjs sj
bkjstjhbj kaçm bk
Takhcaæhbgk, mkhgijstkåîc
nrgtgnkhbc iísgnk hk
c nchnjgtc bj TMV. Mugtkspcrquj
umk jsijrk, pjssckshîc
sj
sjeuj (hîc ç bjrgvëvja bj cu nchnjfívja) suk ngìhngk, igacscigk cu rjkagbkbj fgbgmjhsgchkgs. ^jm
mjhtj kfjrtk j nkpkz vcnì ignk ktcakbc, pkrk sjmprj gehcrkhtj, hk Takhcaæhbgk. (Zmk rjijrìhngk
kc agvrc Takhcaæhbgk, j ncmc jhnchtrk-ac chaghj, kpkrjnj hc Nkpítuac 64 bc Agvrc ;).
Ycnì bjvj jstkr gmkeghkhbc, ncmc pcbj kprjhbjr k sjr sjhngjhtj j cpjrktgvc hk HTMV.
Tcbj pkrjnjr quksj gmpcssívja bk suk pjrspjntgvk, ktghegr nchsgstìhngk j nakrgbkbj aë, mks hîc ç.
Jsicråc nchstkhtj j ghvjstgekåîc nugbkbcsk, vîc jvjhtukamjhtj prcbuzgr rjsuatkbcs nakrcs j
nchsgstjhtjs pkrk qukaqujr um. Ks rjstrgåújs agmgtkhtjs, quj jstîc bjhtrc bc sju pcbjr rjmcvjr,
hîc sîc ncacnkbks scfrj suk nchsngìhngk pjac bjstghc, fgcacegk cu bj icrk. ^îc rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks
bj suk prþprgk nchstruåîc, nrgkbks pcr suks nrjhåks, jec j mjbc. ûk mjhtj hkturka, hîc agmgtk cu
rjstrghej suk jxpjrgìhngk HTMV< k mjhtj krtgigngka, nrgkbk pcr vcnì j suk nuaturk, nrgcu jstj
prcfajmk.
Kprjhbjr ncmc sjr sjhngjhtj hk HTMV hîc rjprjsjhtk umk `kfgagbkbj hcvk quj prjngsk sjr
bcmghkbk, jak sgmpajsmjhtj cncrrj jspchtkhjkmjhtj, bjpcgs quj ks rjstrgåújs kutc gmpcstks sîc
rjmcvgbks< ç um bjskprjhbgzkbc quj ç hjnjssërgc kqug. Gstc sck iënga, mks sj vcnì lë tjhtcu
qujfrkr pkbrújs bj pjhskmjhtc, prciuhbkmjhtj krrkgekbcs (`ëfgtcs bc sju hünajc), skfj quj gstc
hîc ç iënga. Nchtubc, bjskprjhbjr sjmprj njbj k jsicråc sçrgc j nchstkhtj.
Jhxjrekr umk gmkejm nakrk bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr grë, pkrk k mkgcrgk, rjqujrjr skgr bcs pkbrújs
`kfgtukgs bj pjhskmjhtc j nrjhåks nuaturkgs -- bjskprjhbjr cu jsnkpkr bj vja`cs pkbrújs, prjngsk
khtjnjbjr kc kprjhbgzkbc bj hcvcs. Hîc ç iënga scfrjpulkr `ëfgt
`ëfgtcs
cs agmgtkhtjs bk mjhtj, mks vvkaj
kaj
fjm c jsicråc.
jsicråc. Tkrk cs pcuncs quj tjh`km jxpjrgìhngk erkhbj ncm k rjkagbkbj mkgcr, ‑My Fge
RCJ” sjrë agbk ncmc sj icssj umk `gstþrgk scfrj Bgno, Lkhj j ^pct „ ikmgagkr, sgmpajs j þfvgc.
RCJ”
Tkrk cutrcs pcuncs, sjrë tîc gmpjhjtrëvja ncmc umk pkrjbj bj erkhgtc.
Rj jhncrklc icrtjmjhtj k pjhskr icrk bk nkgxk, hîc nchicrmj, k trkhsnjhbjr suk nuaturk, j
jxpkhbgr suk hcåîc bc pcssívja, kaçm bc quj ç ncmumjhtj tgbc ncmc knjgtëvja. Ncmc vcnì jstë
fjm ngjhtj, pjhskr erkhbjs pjhskmjhtcs jm auekrjs pjqujhcs, pcbj sjr um rgsnc scngka j
pjsscka. Jstj bjskigc hîc ç pkrk tcbcs
tcbcs,, mks sj vcnì lë vjgc (aju) tîc achej, mkgs bc quj
prcvkvjamjhtj, ç um bjskigc quj vcnì pcbj bkr nchtk ncm sunjssc.
▼ Jspjrc quj ktç kecrk tjh`k jxnjbgbc k fkrrjgrk bk nrjbgfgagbkbj bj mugtcs ajgtcrjs.
Jm tjnhc-lkreîc gstc sgehgignk quj kfusjg bcs ghbgnkbcrjs bj fjstjgrks. Tcssc sjhtgr c n`jgrc
bk iumkåk! Khtjs quj ju qujgmj ncmpajtkmjhtj sju supjr sjhsgtgvc j nuaturkamjhtj
nkagfrkbc,
pkrk vcnì bjtjntcr bj fjstjgrks,
ncmprjjhbjr ncmc k mj bjgxj bgvkekr
qukagbkbj, um jmcmjhtc
nchtjübc mkgs,
ghtjhsgbkbj bcspcrquj ç gmpcrtkhtj
sjus pjhskmjhtcs
kijtkm (tgpgnkmjhtj agmgtkm) ks cpåújs j cpcrtuhgbkbjs bc sju sjr. C nçtgnc bj mjhtj kfjrtk
jstë agvrj pkrk jxpacrkr qukaqujr ncgsk, jm qukaqujr auekr, ncm pkbrújs jxgejhtjs pkrk
nchvjrtjr suk jxpjrgìhngk jm nch`jngmjhtc (vjrbkbj). C nçtgnc bj mjhtj ijn`kbk, jstë
jhnakusurkbc pjacs agmgtjs, quj ncacnk jm sjus pjhskmjhtcs j `kfgagbkbjs. Icg pjec hc
sjeughtj bgajmk. Vjnjcsc bj jxnjbjr cs sjeurcs agmgtjs bj sju qujrgbc bcemk rjagegcsc,
pjsscka, nuaturka cu ngjhtíignc, jaj knrjbgtk quj ç iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj gmpcssívja jhnchtrkr
vjrbkbj, jm um muhbc sufljtgvc acunc j sjavkejm, quj jstë cfvgkmjhtj n`jgc bj tcacs j
mjhtgrcscs.
Nrjbc rjagegcsc j cfljtgvgbkbj ngjhtgignk (cs sjus jm pkrtgnuakr) pkrjnjm prcvjr um nçu,
agvrj bj tcacs j mjhtgrcscs chgprjsjhtjs, quj ncm ijagngbkbj ghbuzgrgkm tcbcs cs bjmkgs, k
sj luhtkr k sukssuks
Jhqukhtc igajgrks bj gaubgbcs
irchtjgrks j mkhgpuakbcrjs.
jstjlkm rgegbkmjhtj bjighgbks, pcr (hîc pcsskm sjr jxpkhbgbks
kaçm bj) suks nrjhåks agmgtkhtjs, hîc ç nkpkz bj kprjhbjr, nrjsnjr, jxpjrgmjhtkr cu jvcaugr
sju sjr, kc achec bc Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc. Jstj nkmgh`c, quj irjqujhtjmjhtj vkeujgk
pjaks tjrrks bc pkrkhcrmka, rjqujr umk ncmprjjhsîc iuhbkmjhtka (fksjkbk jm
jxpjrgìhngk) bk rjkagbkbj j nch`jngmjhtc bk vjrbkbj. Ç prjngsc sjr tkhtc nugbkbcsc ncmc
tjr ncrkejm.
Rka ghbgvíbuc agmgtkbc, usukamjhtj sjhtj quj jstë mkxgmgzkhbc sju pctjhngka ùmkhc,
bjbgnkhbc suks jhjregks k mkhgpuakåîc þtgmk bj cfljtcs ghtjajntukgs, sjrjs j
rjakngchkmjhtcs hk TMV. Huhnk tjvj umk jxpjrgìhngk cfljtgvkmjhtj vjrgignëvja (prcvkbk),
quj grgk hjnjsskrgkmjhtj (ngjhtgignkmjhtj) ghbgnkr, quj umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak jxgstj,
pcrquj jstj tgpc bj jxpjrgìhngk ç jhiëtgnc j bjighgbc bjhtrc bj sju sgstjmk bj nrjhåks, ncmc
kfscautkmjhtj gmpcssívja (sgtukåîc kutc rjijrjhngka tgpc fjnc sjm skíbk bk mjhtj ijn`kbk).
Ghbgvíbucs prjscs hk pjqujhk vgsîc, rjstrghejm sjajtgvkmjhtj, vjjm j ghtjrprjtkm suks
jxpjrgìhngks j ks bks cutrks pjsscks, pkrk kssjeurkr quj c quj sj knrjbgtk sjr gmpcssívja,
pkrjnj hîc knchtjnjr. Kghbk, hjekm k vkagbkbj bcs bkbcs cu jxpjrgìhngk bcs cutrcs (bj umk
rjkagbkbj mkgcr), kssumghbc quj sîc ghvjhtkbcs, gehcrkhtjs, mkhgpuaktgvcs cu bjagrkhtjs

(pcr bjighgåîc). Jstk ikn`kbk bj kvkagkåîc aþegnk j ngjhtgignk, jmfjfgbk hk trkbgåîc j hc
supcrtj bc ‑stktus quc”, ç uskbk pkrk jmfrua`kr k prjstgbgegtkåîc ghtjgrk, jm um mkhtc bj
rjspjgtkfgagbkbj prcigssgchka. Jstk aþegnk ngrnuakr pkrtgnuakrmjhtj rksk (hîc pcbj sjr
vjrbkbj, pcrquj hîc pcbj sjr vjrbkbj) ç hk sjquìhngk cijrjngbc, pjacs ngjhtgstks
nchvjhngchkgs, ncmc prcvk bj quj suks nrjhåks sîc hk vjrbkbj iktcs.
Gstc ç mkgs umk pcsgåîc jmcngchka bgrgegbk-pjac-jec, bc quj umk rjkamjhtj cfljtgvk.
Zm kreumjhtc rkngchka, rkrkmjhtj tjm jijgtc scfrj umk nrjhåk grrkngchka. Grchgnkmjhtj, cs
nçtgncs bj mjhtj-ijn`kbk ghtjrprjtkm nch`jngmjhtc ghtjrhkmjhtj bjrgvkbc, ncmc mjrk
nrjhåk, pcrquj hîc knrjbgtkm quj nch`jngmjhtc cfljtgvc (vjrbkbj), pcssk vgr bj umk
jxpjrgìhngk sufljtgvk.
K vgsîc bk rjkagbkbj uhgnkmjhtj-TMV, luhtc ncm suk pjqujhghk vgsîc bc pctjhngka bc
sju sjr j pjqujhcs nchluhtcs j sufnchluhtcs bj vjrbkbj ksscngkbk, sîc jm ejrka
nuaturkamjhtj fksjkbcs (jm jspjngka hc Cngbjhtj), ghtjajntukamjhtj lustgignkbcs j
scngkamjhtj supcrtkbcs pjak mjhtj ncajtgvk. K mjhtj ncajtgvk, bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, sjmprj
rjprjsjhtk c mjhcr bjhcmghkbcr ncmum, jm nchnjgtcs j ncmprjjhsîc. Ç rjaktgvkmjhtj
sjeurk, iënga, bj fkgxc rgsnc, hîc kmjkåkbcrk j hîc suljgtk kc rgbínuac khtj sjus pkrjs. Ç,
pcrtkhtc,
jmpcbjrkbkspkrtgnuakrmjhtj ktrkjhtj
j mktjrgkamjhtj pkrk mjhtjs tjmjrcsks, sufbjsjhvcavgbks, ghsjeurks, suf
icnkbks.
^j vcnì sj sjhtj bjsnchicrtëvja, kvkagkhbc ncmc jstk ncrrjhtj bj kbljtgvcs bk sjhtjhåk
khtjrgcr, sj kpagnk k vcnì, rjakxj. Mugtks pjsscks fcks bj qukagbkbj jxnjpngchka, jxgfjm
kaeumks bjstks nkrkntjrístgnks. C pchtc kqug ç rjnch`jnjr ks agmgtkåújs nchnjgtukgs
krfgtrërgks, bjshjnjssërgks j bjfgagtkhtjs, quj ncacnkmcs jm hcssk rjkagbkbj, hcssk
sgehgignæhngk j jm hþs mjsmcs.
^j vcnì ktghegu um katc stktus bjhtrc bk suk prcigssîc j jhtrj sjus pkrjs, cu ç rgnc,
pcbjrcsc j ikmcsc, jstks krmkbga`ks bc sunjssc, bgzjm kfscautkmjhtj hkbk scfrj k
qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk cu jvcauåîc bc sju sjr, ncmc vgstc bk vgsîc mkgs kmpak. C
mkgcr pjgxj (quj tjm mkgs pcbjr, hctcrgjbkbj j ikz c mkgcr ruíbc qukhbc puak hk ëeuk) hk
akeck bk ikzjhbk TMV pcbj jstkr jhtrj cs mjhcrjs pjgxjs, hc cnjkhc egekhtjsnc bk HTMV.
◂
Tcr nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bj qukaqujr jstkbc jm quj jstjlkmcs kecrk, jvcauímcs k qukagbkbj
bk hcssk nchsngìhngk. Tcbj ncmjåkr bj qukaqujr pchtc, mks c auekr þtgmc pkrk ncmjåkr, ç bj
chbj qujr quj jstjlk `clj.
^j vcnì, cu qukaqujr um quj nch`jåk tjm um ghtjrjssj jm nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka, mjsmc quj
hjnjssgtjm bc nchicrtc j sjeurkhåk bj umk mjhtj rjaktgvkmjhtj ijn`kbk, jxgstjm buks
katjrhktgvks vgëvjgs kc Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc< ikzjr fcks kåújs (Nkmgh`c bc ^jrvgåc) j
bjvcåîc ä mkgs katk jxprjssîc bj jspgrgtukagbkbj quj pcsskm ncmprjjhbjr (Nkmgh`c bk
Vjhbgåîc). Bjskicrtuhkbkmjhtj, kmfcs cs nkmgh`cs sîc bgiínjgs bj sjeugr hk nuaturk cngbjhtka,
chbj c prcerjssc mktjrgka j sunjssc, sîc vkacrjs scngkgs bcmghkhtjs.
▼ Ykmcs tcmkr um ghtjrvkac, khtjs quj kaeuhs qujgmjm k jmfrjkejm khkaítgnk „ jak
nchtghuk bjsagzkhbc bjstj ljgtc, pcr nkusk bk ikatk bj bkbcs pjssckgs bj qukagbkbj. Ycnì
bjvjrgk rkspkr gmjbgktkmjhtj, c rjsíbuc kbjrjhtj bj nrjhåk j psjubcnch`jngmjhtc ncrrcsgvc
bc mjnkhgsmc nçrjfrc-bgrjåîc. Gstc vkg rjscavjr pcr `crk, mks ajmfrj-sj bj rjpkrkr jstk
nchbgåîc (ikatk bj bkbcs bj katk qukagbkbj) kssgm quj pcssívja. ^j vcnì mkhtgvjr fkgxk
vjacngbkbj j jvgtkr puakr scfrj hcvcs nchnjgtcs bjskigkbcrjs, k igm bj n`jekr mkgs rëpgbc k
nchnausújs rjnchicrtkhtjs, bjvjrgk sjr sjeurc nchtghukr bjpcgs bjstj nurtc kpkrtj.
Zmk frjvj bjsnrgåîc bcs nkmgh`cs ncmuhs quj ajvkm k kutc rjkagzkåîc, jvcauåîc bk
nchsngìhngk cu nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka icrhjnjrë umk pjrspjntgvk ütga bc jhtrjakåkmjhtc bc
ijhòmjhc
bjsnkhsc j psg,
nurtcjspgrgtukagbkbj,
rjsirgkmjhtc bknch`jngmjhtc j vjrbkbj „ j bkr k hcsscs nçrjfrcs, um
ktgvgbkbj khkaítgnk.
Tcbjmcs bgvgbgr ks kfcrbkejhs pkrk jvcauåîc jspgrgtuka jm trìs nkmgh`cs geukgs mkgs
bgstghtcs quj sj klustkm k trìs tgpcs bj pjrschkagbkbjs bgijrjhtjs. Jvjhtukamjhtj tcbcs cs
trìs nchvjrejm, nkbk um nchtjhbc ks vjrbkbjs jssjhngkgs bcs bjmkgs. Nkbk nkmgh`c bj
nrjsngmjhtc bc fusnkbcr ghbgvgbuka pcbj nchtjr qukaqujr prcpcråîc bj nkbk um bcs trìs
nkmgh`cs mjhngchkbcs (nkmgh`c bc nch`jngmjhtc, bc sjrvgåc j bk jhtrjek), bj kfcrbkr k
jspgrgtukagbkbj k igm bj cftjr c mja`cr jhnkgxj k suk pjrschkagbkbj ghbgvgbuka.
^j c nchnjgtc bj prcnurkr nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka gmpkntk um akbc bjsnchicrtëvja cu
hjektgvc bj suks sjhsgfgagbkbjs kprjhbgbks, bjgxj-mj kpchtkr, quj c nchnjgtc bj nrjsngmjhtc
hk bgrjåîc bk mja`crgk bk qukagbkbj (rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk) bj suk nchsngìhngk, sgehgignk
jxktkmjhtj k mjsmk ncgsk.
Tcrquj cs trìs nkmgh`cs pkrk qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk tìm kpjacs pkrk tgpcs bj
pjrschkagbkbj bgijrjhtjs, ejrkamjhtj um bjajs vkg bcmghkr k kfcrbkejm ghbgvgbuka. Zm
ghbgvíbuc jsnca`j c nkmgh`c quj mkgs a`j kerkbj j bjpcgs kbgngchk kaec bcs cutrcs bcgs
ncmc ncmpajmjhtc. Zm jqugaífrgc geuka bcs trìs pcbjrgk sjr tjcrgnkmjhtj vkhtklcsc, mks
hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj mja`cr pkrk qukaqujr ghbgvíbuc jspjngignc. C prghngpka ç ctgmgzkr c
prcerjssc (nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka) ikzjhbc c jhnkgxj bc prcnjssc ncm k pjrschkagbkbj.
C Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc ç ncm irjquìhngk n`kmkbc ‑nkmgh`c bc eujrrjgrc” pcr
nkusk bk ncrkejm, bjtjrmghkåîc j autk nchstkhtj hjnjssërgcs pkrk ekh`kr nch`jngmjhtc
jspgrgtuka j bjrrctkr c jec pjac nchtrcaj bc prcnjssc bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Jaj rjqujr
nchsgbjrëvja nkpkngbkbj ghtjajntuka j ç mkgs kbjqukbc kc pjhskmjhtc aghjkr bk mjhtj
Cngbjhtka bc quj ks katjrhktgvks. Ç hc nkmgh`c bc nch`jngmjhtc quj vcnì kprjhbj, jm
prgmjgrk mîc, scfrj k rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak j ncmc mkhgpuakr jhjregk, pkrk cs n`kmkbcs
ijhòmjhcs pkrkhcrmkgs cu psg, trkfka`krjm k sjrvgåc bc nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka (sju j bcs
cutrcs).
Jstks `kfgagbkbjs pkrkhcrmkgs, sîc c rjsuatkbc hkturka bj umk nchsngìhngk bj jhtrcpgk
mkgs fkgxk ncm mkgs bgspchgfgagbkbj bj jhjregk, pkrk ikzjr trkfka`c. Ycnì pcbj ikzjr mkgs j
tjr mkgs pcbjr ncm umk nchsngìhngk bj jhtrcpgk mkgs fkgxk. Jstk jhjregk kbgngchka
bgspchívja pcbj (mks hîc tjm quj) sjr utgagzkbk pkrk mkhgijstkr jijgtcs pkrkhcrmkgs cu psg.
Kecrk pcbjmcs rjspchbjr k pjreuhtk< C quj c kmcr j cs ijhòmjhcs psg tjm um ncm c
cutrc3 Vjspcstk< K rjkagbkbj ighka ç nchsngìhngk njauakr (bgegtka). Nchsngìhngk hkturkamjhtj
jvcaug pkrk mkgs fkgxcs jstkbcs bj jhtrcpgk? jijgtcs psg j kmcr sîc kmfcs krtjiktcs bk fkgxk
jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk.
Hk Ygsîc Kmpak, c pkrkhcrmka ç pjrijgtkmjhtj hcrmka j bgspchívja pkrk (hîc ktgrkbc
scfrj) qukaqujr um quj kfkgxj suigngjhtjmjhtj suk jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk. Kmcr bjsnrjvj
ncmc umk fkgxk jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk ghtjrkej ncm cutrks jhtgbkbjs. Kmfcs kbvìm k
umk nchsngìhngk bj katk qukagbkbj „ quj, pkrk umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, ç jqugvkajhtj k
um
pcbjrghbgvíbuc katkmjhtj
bj qukagbkbj jspgrgtuka. Tkrk
bj nchsngìhngk. jhtgbkbjs
Rcbcs sjhngjhtjs,
sîc rjsuatkbcs pcbjr-psgj jsufsgstjmks
bj sgstjmks pcbjr-kmcrbjç
nchsngìhngk, jvcaughbc pkrk jstkbcs bj sjr ncm mkgs fkgxk jhtrcpgk.
C Nkmgh`c bc ^jrvgåc jhvcavj ikzjr c fjm, sjr bj klubk, sjrvgr cutrcs j bjvj vgr
ncrkåîc, hîc bc ghtjajntc (Mkbrj Rjrjsk vjm ä mjhtj ncmc jxjmpac fjm
sghnjrkmjhtj bc ncrkåîc,
nch`jngbc). Hjstj nkmgh`c, c jec ç trkhsnjhbgbc ktrkvçs bc icnc hks hjnjssgbkbjs bcs
cutrcs.
C Nkmgh`c bk Vjhbgåîc hjnjssgtk quj vcnì sj jhtrjeuj pkrk um nchnjgtc mkgs katc
(suprjmc)
c nkmgh`c jspgrgtuka
rjagegcsc bj sjr, cu
hkturka qujpkrk k jxprjssîc
trkhsnjhbj bcspjak
c jec mkgsbjbgnkåîc
pjrijgtcs jvkacrjs
bjvcåîcjspgrgtukgs.
kcs mkgsJstj
katcsç
vkacrjs j gbjkgs, j ktrkvçs bk jmuakåîc bj um fjm-kmkbc mjstrj, prcijsscr, euru cu bjus.
(Ca`j prþxgmc kc igm bc Nkpgtuac 6; bc Agvrc ; pkrk bgsnussîc kbgngchka bjstj tþpgnc). ◂
Ykmcs vcatkr c tjmk prghngpka. C jhtrjakåkmjhtc (ghtjrkåîc) bk ghnjrtjzk ncm k mjbgåîc bcs
jijgtcs psg ajvkm kc quj bjsnrgtgvkmjhtj n`kmkmcs bj prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg „ chbj k
ghnjrtjzk jvcavjhbc c jvjhtc pjrmgtj kc jvjhtc umk mkgcr sjajåîc bj rjsuatkbcs prcvëvjgs quj
pcbj sjr ikngamjhtj katjrkbc pjak kpagnkåîc bj umk mjhtj icnkagzkbk (fkgxc(fkgxc ruíbc „ pjqujhc
jec)) ncm umk ghtjhåîc nakrk. Kqug, psg (ncmc bjighgbc hc Nkpítuac ;7 bc Agvrc ;) sj rjijrj kc
jec
ijhòmjhc psíqugnc, pkrkhcrmka cu hîc nkuska.
C prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg tcrhk k mjbgåîc cfljtgvk ngjhtíignk bk pjricrmkhnj psg
rcfajmëtgnk,, mks scmjhtj bk pjrspjntgvk TMV.
rcfajmëtgnk TMV. Kssgm, quj jxgstkm cfsjrvkbcrjs jxtjrhcs pkrk
rjpcrtkr j mjbgr cs mgakerjs (rjbuåîc bk ghnjrtjzk scfrj vgcakåújs rjpcrtkbks pjak iísgnk
trkbgngchka bk TMV), ikz ncm quj cs mgakerjs bgmghukm „ j cs jhvcavgbcs hîc pcbjm sjr
knrjbgtkbcs ncmc cfljtgvcs j, pcrtkhtc, hîc pcbjm sjr knjgtcs.
Ykmcs jxpacrkr k kajktcrgjbkbj bj njrtcs jvjhtcs hkturkgs, rjakngchkbcs kc prghnípgc bk
ghnjrtjzk psg. Zmk nchsngìhngk (igsgnkmjhtj ghncrpcrkbk cu hîc) icnkagzkbk j bgrjngchkbk pcbj
ajvkr vkhtkejm, hk ghnjrtjzk cu kajktcrgjbkbj jm ghtjrkåújs iísgnks, sgtukåújs cu ijhòmjhcs, pcr
sutgamjhtj kpagnkr psgncnghjsgk (TN) cu suejstîc tjajpëtgnk, pkrk mkhgpuakr jvjhtcs hk bgrjåîc bj
um rjsuatkbc pkrtgnuakr. Cs rjsuatkbcs bjstk mkhgpuakåîc sgmpajsmjhtj pkrjnjrgkm hk TMV sjr
fck cu më scrtj, um rkgc ghtugtgvc skíbc bc hkbk, cu um vgçs kajktþrgc icrk bc jspjrkbc hk
bgstrgfugåîc jstktístgnk. Rkgs mkhgpuakåújs sîc irjqujhtjmjhtj rjijrgbks ncmc sghnrchgngbkbj.
sghnrchgngbkbj.
[ujr sjlkm jijtukbcs pjac ghbgvíbuc cu pjac sgstjmk mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk (quj tjm um
ghtjrjssj vjakbc hc sunjssc bj suk jvcauåîc), sîc tgpgnkmjhtj utjgs, rjaktgvkmjhtj ncmuhs j
usukamjhtj prcvìm jxktkmjhtj, c quj ç hjnjssërgc hc lustc mcmjhtc. Hîc nrgkm nchtrkbgåújs
hjm rjprjsjhtkm prcfajmks pkrk k nkuskagbkbj bjhtrc bk TMV, jhqukhtc `cuvjr ghnjrtjzk
suigngjhtj (ikatk bj prcvk cfljtgvk), pkrk jsnchbjr k ghiauìhngk pkrkhcrmka jxtjrhk j sktgsikzjr c
prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg.
^j kprjhbìssjmcs k ikzjr mja`cr usc bks crgjhtkåújs j kaívgcs quj hcs sîc bkbcs, nrjsnjr
hîc sjrgk tîc bgiínga.
bgiínga. Mugtcs pkgs prcvkvjamjhtj bgrgkm k mjsmk ncgsk, scfrj sjus kbcajsnjhtjs.
Kbcajsnjhtjs, kssgm ncmc sjus pkgs, gehcrkm tkhtc bjstks crgjhtkåújs jxtjrhks j mkhgpuakåújs
pcsgtgvks qukhtc pcssívja. Yì ncmc cs mjsmcs pkbrújs bj nrjsngmjhtc ghbgvgbuka sj rjpjtjm k
nkbk hívja3 Tkbrîc rjpjtgtgvc ç k hkturjzk bc sgstjmk irkntka irkntka.. C pkbrîc bj nchsngìhngk,
jvcaughbc hk bgrjåîc bj hívjgs j jsnkaks mkgs katks bj crekhgzkåîc (mja`cr qukagbkbj j mjhcr
jhtrcpgk), ç kpagnkbc jm mugtcs hívjgs j jsnkaks sgmua-tkhjkmjhtj. C quj vì ks nrgkhåks ikzjhbc,
ç rjiajxc bc quj vcnì jstë ikzjhbc, ç c quj cs ncmputkbcrjs ikrîc qukhbc sju `krbwkrj j
scitwkrj pjrmgtgrjm, ç c quj c N`jiîc jstë ikzjhbc, j k KZM tkmfçm. K nchsngìhngk hîc jvcaug
jm mga mkhjgrks bgijrjhtjs ghbjpjhbjhtjs? jvcaug bk mjsmk mkhjgrk jm mga icrmks bgijrjhtjs
jm vërgcs hívjgs bj ghtjrbjpjhbìhngk.
Cuåc pjreuhtkrjm< ‑Jstë qujrjhbc bgzjr, quj c pkrkhcrmka jstë jsnchbgbc prcpcsgtkamjhtj
bj hþs, pcr um prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk”3 Kfscautkmjhtj hîc! Tcbj pkrjnjr kssgm vgstc bk TMV,
mks bj iktc ç lustc c nchtrërgc. C pkrkhcrmka, hîc jstë jsnchbgbc pcr hkbk mkgs quj gehcræhngk j
agmgtkåújs. Ç vcnì quj jstë sj jsnchbjhbc bc pkrkhcrmka, kc pjrmgtgr quj suks nrjhåks j mjbcs
nrgjm umk ncrtghk bj iumkåk gmpjhjtrëvja, bj ciusnkmjhtc cfljtgvc.
C trkfka`c bc prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç mkhtjr k ghtjergbkbj bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc
TMV, hîc bj jsnchbjr c ijhòmjhc psg bj vcnì. ^j vcnì bjighgu c pkrkhcrmka ncmc icrk bk suk
rjkagbkbj, ç pcr gstc quj hîc jxgstj auekr aþegnc pkrk jaj, bjhtrc bj suk pjqujhk vgsîc.
Tcrquj cs rjsgbjhtjs bk TMV prjngskm bc prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg3 Ncmc jaj tj klubk, k
fkgxkr k jhtrcpgk bk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, bjhtrc bc jspkåc-tjmpc3 [ujfrkr ks rjerks bk
nkuskagbkbj cfljtgvk TMV grgk, hjstj mcmjhtc, ghtjrijrgr ncm c quj cs sjrjs quj jstîc
jhvcavgbcs aë, prjngskm rjkagzkr (mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk). Zm NbV jstë
jspjngignkmjhtj prcljtkbc pkrk nkbk akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc vgrtuka TMV, pkrk ctgmgzkr c
pctjhngka bj kprjhbgzkbc bcs `kfgtkhtjs típgncs bkqujak TMV. Lcekbcrjs mkgs kvkhåkbcs pcbjm
tjr knjssc k um NbV mkgs kmpac.
kmpac.
Ycnì pcbj jstkr gmkeghkhbc, ncmc c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg rjstrghej suk jxpjrgìhngk
pjsscka, j ncmc umk katk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk pcbj cu hîc, sjr uskbk pkrk suk vkhtkejm hks
ghtjrkåújs
cftgbk bk bc bgk k bgk,
HTMV bjhtrc bk
j kpagnkbk TMV. Vkrkmjhtj
bgrjtkmjhtj, umk ghicrmkåîc
pkrk ghvjhtkr hîc nkuska
cu bjsjhvcavjr cu pkrkhcrmka,
bgspcsgtgvcs ç
iísgncs,
pcrquj c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, grgk ejrkamjhtj prcgfgr jstj tgpc bj trkhsijrìhngk kfjrtk bj
ghicrmkåîc. Hîc ç prcvëvja quj umk scauåîc hcvk (ncmc ks ghstruåújs bjsnrjvjhbc ncm
nchstrugr um nghtc khtgerkvgbkbj tgpc Funo Vcejrs), pcbjrgk sjr jijtgvkmjhtj trkhsmgtgbc pkrk
um ghbgvíbuc bjhtrc bk TMV, bj umk ichtj jm bgmjhsîc mkgs katk. ^jrgk gmpcssívja pkrk tka
ghbgvíbuc jstkr tçnhgnk cu nchnjgtukamjhtj prjpkrkbc, k mjhcs quj k tjnhcacegk trkhsijrgbk,
rjprjsjhtkssj um pkssc mugtc pjqujhc, kaçm bc quj c rjnjptcr ktukamjhtj jhtjhbj. Gmkeghj
tjhtkr bjsnrjvjr k tjnhcacegk bj umk tjajvgsîc ncacrgbk, cu um n`gp mgnrcprcnjsskbcr, pkrk
Kajxkhbrj c Erkhbj cu Kajxkhbjr Erk`km Fjaa.
K gmpcssgfgagbkbj prëtgnk bj jstkr tjnhgnkmjhtj prjpkrkbc, ç kpjhks mjtkbj bc prcfajmk. C
rjnjptcr prjngskrgk bj umk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk mugtc katk, pkrk rjnjfjr umk trkhsmgssîc
nakrk, j tkgs quîc
gmpcrtkhbc pjsscks hîcjajs
ütjgs jstîc pkrtgnuakrmjhtj
pcbjrgkm ghtjrjsskbks
sjr hk TMV, jm ncgsks
pcrquj jstks ekbejtshîc
iísgncs j tjnhcacegk,
sîc rjajvkhtjs hîc
pkrk k
jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. J kghbk, jxgstj tcbc tgpc bj prcfajmk ncm pjåks j mktjrgkgs hîc
bgspchívjgs „ nchstrugr umk RY ncacrgbk cu um n`gp mgnrcprcnjsskbcr, ncm cs mktjrgkgs j
ijrrkmjhtks bgspchívjgs k qukaqujr bcs bcgs Kajxkhbrjs, tjrgk sgbc gmpcssívja, mjsmc sj jajs
tgvjssjm um sghka nakrc j icssjm fchs jm sjeugr ghstruåújs.
Ycnì hîc pcbj trkpknjkr jvcauåîc cu bkr k vcatk hc prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc.
jvcaungchërgc. Jaj bjighj k
jstruturk rkngchka bc sju sgstjmk? mghë-ac bjstrugrgk k ghtjergbkbj bc sgstjmk. Ghnjrtjzk psg, ç um
rjqugsgtc pkrk mkhtjr k ghtjergbkbj bc sgstjmk nkuska „ ç kpagnkbk k tcbcs cs hívjgs bc
jncssgstjmk nchsngìhngk-jvcauåîc, pkrk mkhtjr k nkuskagbkbj acnka bjhtrc bj nkbk bgmjhsîc.
bgmjhsîc.
Tcr cutrc akbc, um prcnjssc bj trkhsijrìhngk mkgs agmgtkbc, mks mugtc sgmgakr, iuhngchkhbc
ktrkvçs bk ghtugåîc ghbgvgbuka nchtghukmjhtj kagmjhtk ghvjhtcrjs j nrgkbcrjs, ncm tcbcs cs tgpcs
bj rjspcstks j ghspgrkåîc, quj hjnjssgtjm pkrk bkr c prþxgmc pkssc. Zmk pjssck prjpkrkbk
kbjqukbkmjhtj, jm nchtktc ncm suk ghtugåîc, grë irjqujhtjmjhtj rjnjfjr kaeum pchtc n`kvj cu
ncmprjjhsîc quj rjscavk um prcfajmk, scfrj c quka jstjlkm trkvkbcs, cu bj kaeumk icrmk
aufrgignkr c prcnjssc nrgktgvc. Bj hcvc, c pkssc prjngsk sjr pjqujhc, j bj kaeumk icrmk, c
rjnjptcr bjvj vgr ncm c prcnjssc ghtugtgvc prjpkrkbc, pkrk ncmprjjhbjr j gmpakhtkr k scauåîc.
C prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, tcrhk mugtc pcunc prcvëvja, quj ghicrmkåîc pkrkhcrmka vjh`k
k prcvjr umk scauåîc tgpc pkssc egekhtj ütga, pkrk um prcfajmk cfljtgvc TMV. Tjhsj hcs
rjqugsgtcs pkrk k ghnjrtjzk psg, ncmc umk rjstrgåîc quj agmgtk c tkmkh`c bj nkbk skatc, quj um
ghsge`t ç pjrmgtgbc bkr, jm qukaqujr bkbk ngrnuhstæhngk bjhtrc bk TMV „ cu, lë quj jstkmcs
hgstc, bjhtrc bj qukaqujr bgmjhsîc, sjlk iísgnk cu hîc-iísgnk.
K nchjxîc katkmjhtj igatrkbk j bj fkgxk akreurk bj fkhbk jhtrj HTMV j k ghtugåîc
ghbgvgbuka, ç bjsjh`kbk pkrk prjsjrvkr k ghnjrtjzk psg. Rkhtc um ghtjajntc prjpkrkbc ncmc umk
nchsngìhngk jvcauíbk, sîc hjnjssërgcs pkrk quj vcnì pcssk, prcpcsgtka j jijtgvkmjhtj, uskr suk
ghtugåîc ncmc ichtj bj ghsge`t.
Tjreuhtj k qukaqujr ghcvkbcr scaungchkbcr bj prcfajmks, scfrj k ichtj bj suks scauåújs
nrgktgvks, j vkg cuvgr scfrj suk nchjxîc hîc-aþegnk kcs rjnurscs bk HTMV, jxprjsskbks bj umk
icrmk quj ikåk sjhtgbc pkrk jaj.
jaj.
Zmk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk, mja`crk suk `kfgagbkbj bj vjr rjakåújs jhtrj bkbcs
nakrkmjhtj, quj hcrmkamjhtj ncajtkmcs j knjsskmcs hk TMV. Ncmprjjhbjr jstjs
rjakngchkmjhtcs prcvì umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, quj jhtrjek umk jhcrmj vkhtkejm prëtgnk pkrk
ghbgvíbucs bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk bjhtrc bk TMV, sjm vgcakr c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg. Ghtugåîc
ghbgvgbuka, ghsge`t, jpgikhgks krtístgnks j ngjhtgignks quj rjsuatkm jm nrgkåújs prëtgnks bjhtrc bk
TMV, bjvjm sjr ghtjerkbks ncm gbjgks quj ktukamjhtj lë rjsgbjm, hc pknctj bj jxpjrgìhngk
TMV bc ghbgvíbuc (tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj jstcnkbc hc nçrjfrc iísgnc). Ç k qukagbkbj j nkpkngbkbj bk
hcssk nchsngìhngk, quj hcs pjrmgtj vjr rjakngchkmjhtcs TMV, bj umk icrmk hcvk j nrgktgvk.
Tcrquj hjhùmk trkhsijrìhngk bj ghicrmkåîc hîc nkuska cu pkrkhcrmka, bk HTMV pkrk k TMV ç
hjnjssërgk, pkrk quj k nchsngìhngk bjsjhvcavk j mja`crj sjus ktrgfutcs hkturkgs, fkgxj suk
jhtrcpgk, cu sjlk nrgktgvk, ç quj c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç prjsjrvkbc.
Nchsngìhngk bj qukagbkbj, hîc kpjhks hcs bë `kfgagbkbj bj vjr rjakåújs nakrkmjhtj, mks
tkmfçm bj jhnchtrkr sgehgignkbc, gmpcrtæhngk, vkacr j bgrjåîc bcs bkbcs j jxpjrgìhngk quj
hcrmkamjhtj nca`jmcs hk TMV. Zmk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk ghtjrkej ncm k rjkagbkbj jm
um hívja mkgs katc j ncmpajtc bj ghtjerkåîc, j, sj mktrgnuakbc hc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc
TMV, ç nkpkz bj kpagnkr c quj jak kprjhbj bkqujak ghtjrkåîc jm iuturks ghtjrkåújs. @umkhcs,
kssgm ncmc cutrks
bj nchsngìhngk uhgbkbjs
ktrkvçs ghbgvgbukgsj bj
bj ghtjrkåújs nchsngìhngk,
ijjbfkno kprjhbjm
prcvgbc k bjsjhvcavjrbjsuk
pjacs akfcrktþrgcs qukagbkbj
kprjhbgzkbc
vgrtukgs TMV.
Jhejh`jgrcs jaçtrgncs jstubkm sgstjmks ncm bcgs tgpcs bj ijjbfkno. ^gstjmks ncm ijjbfkno
pcsgtgvc, sîc erkhbjs fcaks bj hjvj rcakhbc kfkgxc, jm umk sukvj ghnaghkbk j hjvkbk aktjrka bj
mchtkh`k. ^gstjmks ncm ijjbfkno hjektgvc sîc, bj icrmk sgmgakr, ncmc erkhbjs fcaks bj hjvj
rcakhbc mchtkh`k kngmk. K nkrkntjrístgnk j rjspcstk bc sgstjmk, ç rjprjsjhtkbk pjac tkmkh`c bk
fcak j k prciuhbgbkbj bk hjvj, jhqukhtc c jijgtc bc ijjbfkno j sju gmpkntc hc sgstjmk, ç
khëacec k ghnaghkåîc bk rkmpk. Vjaktgvc k mkhgpuakåîc bj jhjregk psg (rjcrekhgzkåîc ghtjhngchka
bcs fgts bjhtrc bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr), cu k trkhsijrìhngk bj ghicrmkåîc pkrkhcrmka, ks uhgbkbjs
ghbgvgbukbks bj nchsngìhngk jstîc jm um accp bj bjsjhvcavgmjhtc ncm ijjbfkno pcsgtgvc
(prcnjssc bj puxkr-cs-prþprgcs-nkbkråcs), pkrk jxpkhbgr j nrjsnjr kqujaks `kfgagbkbjs j
prcnjsscs, quj sîc gmpcrtkhtjs ä qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk. Jm nchtrkstj, ktgvgbkbjs iísgnks j
ghtjrkåújs quj hîc sîc gmpcrtkhtjs pkrk mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk (kghbk quj pkrjåkm
sjr jxtrjmkmjhtj gmpcrtkhtjs pjac jstrjgtc pchtc bj vgstk TMV), sîc mkhtgbks jm n`jquj pcr
um accp bj ijjbfkno hjektgvc, quj usk k rjstrgåîc bk ghnjrtjzk psg pkrk kmcrtjnjr ghtjrkåújs
gmprcbutgvks. Fcmfjkr c iísgnc, ncm trkhsijrìhngks bj ghicrmkåîc bc hîc-iísgnc ç prcgfgbc, k

mjhcs quj ks trkhsijrìhngks sjlkm suigngjhtjmjhtj vkeks (ijjbfkno hjektgvc), pkrk kssjeurkr
umk rjspcstk bc sgstjmk suigngjhtjmjhtj kmcrtjngbk.
C prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç hjnjssërgc pkrk mkhtjr j ctgmgzkr c prcpþsgtc bk rjkagbkbj mkgs
kmpak „ kumjhtkr k qukagbkbj j rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk.
jhtrcpgk. K rjstrgåîc bk ghnjrtjzk psg mkhtçm k TMV
icnkagzkbk j iuhngchkhbc hk bgrjåîc bc sju cfljtgvc, quj hîc ç ejrkr mja`crgks iísgnks hk TMV,
mks klubkr nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks k puxkr k sg mjsmks pcr sjus nkbkråcs. K ejrkåîc bj umk
TMV mkgs nchicrtëvja j igsgnkmjhtj prcbutgvk (ghnaughbc ngìhngk mja`cr) ç nakrkmjhtj c
prcfajmk prghngpka bjhtrc bk pjqujhk vgsîc acnka j, pcrtkhtc, pkrjnj sjr mugtc gmpcrtkhtj pjak
vgsîc bk TMV. Kghbk quj c prcerjssc iísgnc, tjh`k um pkpja hk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, pcr gmpkntkr
acnkamjhtj k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk, jaj ç kpjhks um ktcr mjhcr hk pjrgijrgk bc erkhbj
jncssgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk. Nchsngìhngk hîc jxgstj pkrk prcmcvjr jvcauåîc iísgnk bjhtrc bk
TMV? jvcauåîc iísgnk bjhtrc bk TMV jxgstj pkrk prcmcvjr k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk
K rjstrgåîc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, pjrmgtj k jhjregk bk crekhgzkåîc sjlk fcmfjkbk pkrk bjhtrc (c
jqugvkajhtj k suekr jhtrcpgk pkrk icrk), c quj ç gmpcrtkhtj (prcerjssc jspgrgtuka, ktrkvçs bc
jxjrníngc bk `kfgagbkbj bj vjr cs rjakngchkmjhtcs nakrkmjhtj j jhnchtrkr sgehgignkbc,
gmpcrtæhngk, vkacr j bgrjåîc, hk jxpjrgìhngk TMV) jhqukhtc jvgtk fcmfjkr jhjregk pkrk c quj
hîc ç gmpcrtkhtj (pcbjr, nchtrcaj, bcmghkåîc j prcerjssc iísgnc). K ghnjrtjzk psg, ç
sgmpajsmjhtj umk rjerk, umk rjstrgåîc hkturka, quj jvcaugu pkrk mja`crkr k aunrktgvgbkbj bc
ngnac bk nchsngìhngk. Tjhsj hk rjstrgåîc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, ncmc um mjnkhgsmc bj ijjbfkno
hjektgvc, quj ç hjnjssërgc pkrk ctgmgzkr k prcbutgvgbkbj bcs trjghkbcrjs vgrtukgs TMV.
C kpkrjhtj suftjriuegc, bj jsnchbjr cs ijhòmjhcs psg scf umk nkpk bj ghnjrtjzk, ç umk
gausîc nrgkbk pjak hkturjzk rubgmjhtkr bk nchsngìhngk ùmkhk. Hgheuçm grgk bjgxkr iknks, krmks
bj icec, mkn`kbcs, mkrtjacs, sjrrks, tjajichjs njauakrjs nkrcs cu um akptcp pcr kí, hc pakyercuhb
bj umk nrjn`j. Ks nrgkhåks pcbjrgkm kbcrkr gstc j sj bgvjrtgr mugtc, mks cs kbuatcs skfjm quj
nrgkhåks prjngskm nrjsnjr, khtjs quj pcsskm uskr prcbutgvkmjhtj (j hîc kutcbjstrutgvkmjhtj)
jstks ijrrkmjhtks. Hîc ç hjnjssërgc quj ks ijrrkmjhtks jstjlkm jsnchbgbks bks nrgkhåks, mks ks
nrgkhåks hîc pcbjm jstkr ngjhtjs bj ncmc jhnchtrkr ks ijrrkmjhtks, ktç quj tjh`km nkpkngbkbj
pkrk usk-aks prcbutgvkmjhtj. Kssgm mjbgbk quj ks nrgkhåks nrjsnjm, vërgks ijrrkmjhtks sj
tcrhkm hkturkamjhtj
sj tcrhkm bgspchívjgs
kbuatcs, tìm pcunc usck cu
jaks. Knrjbgtjpjaks
ghtjrjssj, cu hîc, mugtks nrgkhåks
ijrrkmjhtks bk psg. nchsngjhtjs, bjpcgs quj
Ztgagzkr cu bjmchstrkr
pcbjr bjhtrc bc muhbc vgrtuka bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc sj tcrhk grrjajvkhtj, k mjhcs quj
sjlk c pcbjr bj bkr um fcm jxjmpac j cijrjnjr klubk eugkbk.
C bjskpkrjngmjhtc bcs jijgtcs psg, qukhbc k ngìhngk cfljtgvk frga`k suks auzjs hk njhk
pkrkhcrmka, hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj ghbgnk irkubj. C rjqugsgtc pkrk trkfka`kr scmjhtj, bjhtrc bj um
jstrjgtkmjhtj bjighgbc sufnchluhtc bk rjkagbkbj iísgnk, j bj jxgfgr pjrijgtk rjpjtgfgagbkbj pkrk quj
tcbcs k vjlkm, ç umk fck mjtcbcacegk pkrk c bjsjhvcavgmjhtc bk ngìhngk, pcrquj bjhtrc bj um
bcmíhgc agmgtkbc, kqujajs rjqugsgtcs sjpkrkm umk vjrbkbj agmgtkbk bj umk ignåîc gagmgtkbk.
Nchtubc, jak ç umk mjbgbk bj sgehgignæhngk tctkamjhtj ghkprcprgkbk, qukhbc kpagnkbk k kaeuhs
kspjntcs bk ngìhngk bk nchsngìhngk, k ngìhngk bc sjr, k ngìhngk bk mjhtj, cu k ngìhngk bk HTMV.
Jm vjz bj vjr c rjqugsgtc bk ghnjrtjzk, ncmc ncfjrturk pkrk umk irkubj cu bjaírgc,
nchsgbjrj-c sjr um rjqugsgtc bc NbV jspkåc-tjmpc pkrk mkhtjr k ghtjergbkbj bk rjkagbkbj iísgnk,
quj prjngskmcs jxpjrgmjhtkr ä igm bj jstgmuakr hcssc nrjsngmjhtc. Mgsturkr mkåîs iísgnks ncm
akrkhlks hîc-iísgnks, sþ jhakmjgk ks ëeuks bk hcssk jxpjrgìhngk, j rjbuz k jijtgvgbkbj bc jspkåc-
tjmpc ncmc um akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc. Rjr hcssk jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtkmjhtj rjakngchkbk, ncm
hcssk rjspchskfgagbkbj pcr kqujak jxpjrgìhngk, j mkhtjr hcssks ghtjrkåújs bj icrmk bgrjtk j
`chjstk ncm cs cutrcs, ç pkrtj ghtjerka bj um þfvgc accp bj ijjbfkno, j ç c mkgcr cfljtgvc bj
prcljtc pkrk hcssk rjkagbkbj jspkåc-tjmpc TMV. Zm usc ghtjhngchka bgiuhbgbc bk psg, grgk mghkr
sjrgkmjhtj jstjs cfljtgvcs.
^j vcnì hîc jstë sjeurc, bj chbj jstcu tgrkhbc jstks kigrmkåújs, rjajgk c ghíngc bc kpkrtj
‑KZM< Ngjhtgstk Rrkfka`khbc” acnkagzkbc hc Nkpgtuac 7, j pjac mjhcs k sjeuhbk mjtkbj bc
kpkrtj bc Nkpgtuac ;; „ kmfcs hjstj agvrc. Yjrë quj k TMV icg jspjngkamjhtj bjsjh`kbk, pkrk
rjstrghegr cs jijgtcs psg k igm bj prcbuzgr um mja`cr kmfgjhtj bj kprjhbgzkbc. Jijgtcs psg bjhtrc
bk TMV sîc rjajekbcs k mkrejm sufljtgvk, chbj pcbjm sjr ikngamjhtj cfsnurjngbcs pjak
ghnjrtjzk. Jstj krrkhlc ç um rjqugsgtc bk hcssk rjkagbkbj, jhqukhtc c hívja mçbgc bj qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk sjlk tîc fkgxc.
fkgxc.
Ghbgvíbucs pcbjm jxpjrgmjhtkr j uskr c pkrkhcrmka, ä mjbgbk quj kfkgxkm k jhtrcpgk bj
suks nchsngìhngks c suigngjhtj, pkrk ekh`kr kqujak `kfgagbkbj, mks gstc hîc pcbj sj tcrhkr
knjssívja bj icrmk ejrka ktrkvçs bk ngìhngk cfljtgvk, sjm krrughkr c vkacr prgmërgc j utgagbkbj bk
TMV, ncmc sgmuakbcr bj trjghkmjhtc pkrk nchsngìhngks bj fkgxk qukagbkbj. Mks hîc sj
prjcnupj, c sgstjmk icg bjsjh`kbc pkrk prjvjhgr quj gstc knchtjåk, j c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg
ç kpjhks pkrtj bk jstrktçegk bj prjvjhåîc. ^j vcnì hîc tjm knjssc kc pcbjr pkrkhcrmka, j pjhsk
quj cs jijgtcs psg sîc um mchtj bj pcrnkrgks ... fjm, gstc ç prcvkvjamjhtj ncmc bjvjrgk sjr. Rka
vgsîc hîc nchstgtug umk ika`k, jrrc cu prcfajmk? jak sgmpajsmjhtj rjprjsjhtk um jstkbc
pkrtgnuakr bk ncmprjjhsîc jm bjsjhvcavgmjhtc „ ç sgmgakr k sgtukåîc bj tjr bczj khcs.
Hîc `ë hkbk jrrkbc jm tjr bczj khcs< bj iktc, ç umk hjnjssgbkbj kfscautk j um jstkbc
bjsjlëvja bj jstkr, sj jspjrk sj tcrhkr kbcajsnjhtj kaeum bgk. Ycnì hîc pcbj sjr kbcajsnjhtj sj
hîc pksscu pjacs ;6 khcs, j hîc pcbj sjr kbuatc sjm pksskr pjak kbcajsnìhngk. Hgheuçm skatk
kbgkhtj? tcbcs prjngskm ncmjåkr chbj qujr quj jstjlkm. Bj vjrbkbj, qukaqujr auekr quj vcnì
jstjlk ç um ikhtëstgnc pkrk ncmjåkr „ hîc jxgstjm kssjhtcs rughs hk nksk. Rcbcs bjvjm prcerjbgr
ncm suk prþprgk icråk, k sju prþprgc rgtmc. Ç sgmpajsmjhtj kssgm quj sj lcek c lcec „ hîc `ë
cutrk jsnca`k j hîc `ë cutrc lcec.
lcec.
^j vjz pcr cutrk, pkrjnj k vcnì quj ‑My Fge RCJ RCJ”” bj mkhjgrk ghtjagejhtj cu ghlustk, tj
aþegnc, nchsgbjrj c prghnípgc bj quj tcbcs cs sgstjmks bj ajg j lustgåk,
ncacnk nchtrk um nkhtc aþegnc,
sîc Kfksjkbcs
vjrbkbjjm<pcbj
k ühgnk
pcrncgsk qujsjr
vjzjs pcbj acegnkmjhtj, tjjmjhnurrkakr
bjskerkbëvja
bjskerkbëvja, jspjngkanchsgstjhtjmjhtj
sj ajvk k umkç knchnausîc
vjrbkbj.
bjsnchnjrtkhtj. ‑^jhtgr-sj fjm cu ajeka”, hîc ç umk icrmk nchigëvja bj bgsnjrhgr k vjrbkbj.
vjrbkbj.
Tkrk sjr prjngsk j nchigëvja, suk ghtugåîc prjngsk jstkr agvrj bc mjbc, vchtkbjs, hjnjssgbkbjs,
bjsjlcs, jxpjntktgvks j jec.
Jijgtcs psg, pcbjrjs pkrkhcrmkgs sîc pcr vjzjs pjhburkbcs ncmc njhcurks hk irjhtj bcs quj
sîc hcvcs hc Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc, pkrk bkr ghnjhtgvc, mks vgklkhtjs jxgtcscs bjstj
nkmgh`c, acec sj bîc nchtk quj `kfgagbkbjs pkrkhcrmkgs pcbjm tkmfçm sjr umk krmkbga`k
agmgtkhtj kc nch`jngmjhtc, sj sju jec sj tcrhk jhkmcrkbc bjajs. Zskr cu hjnjssgtkr mjtcbcacegk
ghkprcprgkbk jm qukaqujr ërjk bj jsicråc, tgpgnkmjhtj ajvk k fjncs sjm skíbk, hjhùm prcerjssc
j ikasks nchnausújs. Kaec bc nch`jngmjhtc, iktcs, ajgs, rjerks, jstruturk j ngìhngk (cfjbjnjhbc k
nkuskagbkbj bk HTMV), quj bjighjm k ktgvgbkbj pkrkhcrmka hîc pcbj sjr vgstc, jxpjrgmjhtkbc
cu ncmprjjhbgbc, ktç quj c cfsjrvkbcr nrjsåk j tjh`k nkpkngbkbj pkrk gssc, j nchsjqujh-
tjmjhtj huhnk grë jxgfgr rjpjtgfgagbkbj pjrijgtk pkrk quj tcbcs vjlkm.
[ukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk j kpagnkåújs bgrgegbks bj jhjregk bk nchsngìhngk, sîc pjssckgs jm
hkturjzk pcrquj k nchsngìhngk ç pjsscka. Tcrquj cs jijgtcs psg hîc sîc bk TMV, hgheuçm pcbj
icråk-acs k cfjbjnjr k nkuskagbkbj bk TMV, hjm pcbj jxpagnk-acs ncm suk nkuskagbkbj. K
pjrnjpåîc j nrjsngmjhtc pjsscka, quj `kfgagtk um ghbgvíbuc k jxgfgr kpagnkåújs pkrkhcrmkgs bj
nchsngìhngk nchtrcakbks, bjvjm sjr bjsjhvcavgbks k pkrtgr bk jxpjrgìhngk sufljtgvk bkqujaj
ghbgvíbuc. Tjsqugskbcrjs jstubkhbc jijgtcs psg hîc pcbjm prcbuzg-acs, rjprcbuzg-acs, hjm cs
nchtrcakr bj icrk? tîc pcunc pcbjm icråkr jijgtcs psg scfrj sg prþprgcs cu cutrcs, bj bjhtrc. Tcr
cutrc akbc, pcbjm ikngamjhtj rjtkrbë-acs, tcrhkhbc mkgs bgiínga j prcfajmëtgnc pkrk quj sjus
suljgtcs, bjmcstrjm jijgtcs psg.
Tkrk k ngìhngk igsgnkmjhtj icnkagzkbk bk ncrrjhtj prghngpka, jstk ikatk bj nchtrcaj iísgnc, ikz
ncm quj cs jstubc sçrgc bk psg sjlk quksj gmpcssívja. C rjqugsgtc ngjhtgignc trkbgngchka pkrk
nchtrcaj iísgnc lustc, scfrj umk jhtgbkbj ncmpajtkmjhtj hîc iísgnk tka ncmc k nchsngìhngk
(ghnaughbc sjus ktrgfutcs j krtjiktcs), k igm bj prcvkr suk jxgstìhngk iísgnk (c ühgnc tgpc bj
jxgstìhngk quj `ë, nakrc), prcbuz um jherkåkbc jxjmpac bj nrjhåk-krmkbga`k hîc-aþegnk ngrnuakr.
C kfsurbc bj krrkzckbc sjrgk mkgs jherkåkbc, hîc icssj jstk pcsgåîc supcrtkbk sjrgkmjhtj, pjak
mkgcrgk bcs jstubgcscs j ngjhtgstks. Cu tkavjz, sjlk pcr gstc mjsmc quj tjh`k tkhtk erkåk.
▼ Jhqukhtc jstkmcs hc tjmk bk ghskhgbkbj nuaturka j ngjhtgstks jherkåkbcs, vkmcs

prktgnkr um pcunc bj vgsîc rjmctk. Yjlc c quj pkrjnjm sjr trìs ngjhtgstks típgncs bj
uhgvjrsgbkbj, vjstgbcs jm kvjhtkgs bj akfcrktþrgc, jm pç jm umk pjqujhk skak ncm umk
mjsk bj mjtka. Hk mjsk jstë um mgnrcsnþpgc ghikhtga.
Tsgu, cuåk, j vcnì pcbj nakrkmjhtj cuvgr Nuray ikakhbc pkrk Akrry< ‑Rjh`c k rjspcstk!
Nchsjeug! Bjsncfrg! Cuåkm, hgheuçm pcbj prcvkr quj c hîc iísgnc ç iísgnc, jhtîc jaj hîc
pcbj jxgstgr”!
‑^ju gmfjnga”! bgz Akrry ncm þfvgc bjsprjzc jhqukhtc sjus bcgs bjbcs jstgnkbcs
kmjkåkm um ktkquj kcs ca`cs bj Nuray, ‑nakrc quj c hîc-iísgnc hîc ç iísgnc. Hîc ç supcstc
quj sjlk”!
‑@k, `k, `k, `k, `k, `k”! Vjspchbj Nuray ä mjbgbk quj, jspjrtkmjhtj facqujgk c ktkquj
kcs ca`cs, ncm c akbc bj suk mîc. ‑^j c hîc-iísgnc hîc ç iísgnc, jhtîc ncmc vcu jxkmghë-ac
ncm jstj mgnrcsnþpgc”3
‑Þtgmc pchtc”, bgz Mcj pjhsktgvkmjhtj. ‑C quj prjngskmcs, ç bj um mgnrcsnþpgc hîc-
iísgnc”.
fcascs jNuray j Akrry ca`km zcmfkbcrjs um pkrk c cutrc j ncmjåkm k prcnurkr jm sjus
scf k mjsk.
Mcj cs vì prcnurkr jm vîc pjac mgnrcsnþpgc hîc-iísgnc pcr kaeuhs mcmjhtcs khtjs bj
bgzjr, ‑Ycnìs bcgs nçrjfrcs bj mgh`cnk, hîc pcbjrgkm kn`kr um mgnrcsnþpgc hîc-iísgnc,
hjm sj trcpjåkssjm hjaj”! Nuray j Akrry gmjbgktkmjhtj ncmjåkm k uskr suks mîcs, pkrk
kpkapkr c n`îc vkzgc kc rjbcr bj sjus pçs, prcnurkhbc pjac mgnrcsnþpgc ghvgsívja.
Mcj sj mcvj rkpgbkmjhtj. Tjek Nuray j Akrry pjaks crja`ks j fktj suks nkfjåks, umk
nchtrk k cutrk. Cs trìs ncmjåkm k frgekr.
‑Lustc tgvj um jxkmj hîc-iísgnc ju mjsmc, j c bcutcr bgssj quj vcnìs bcgs jstkvkm
mugtc, mugtc bcjhtjs”! Ghtjrrcmpj Mcj, tjhtkhbc rjnkpturkr k ktjhåîc.
Akrry j Nuray sufgtkmjhtj pkrkm bj frgekr j ca`km pkrk Mcj ncm jxprjssîc sjrgkmjhtj
prjcnupkbk. ‑J quîc rugm ç gstc”(3), pjreuhtkm jm uhísschc.
^jeuj
iísgnc um sgajhngc
tkmfçm”! n`jgc bj
Ghtjrrcmpj sgehgignkbc
Akrry quj ç ncrtkbc
pkrk qujfrkr sufgtkmjhtj.
c prjcnupkbc ‑Ju ‑mks
sgaìhngc, tgvj um
bjujxkmj
tubc
njrtc”.
‑Jhtîc, icg gstc quj knchtjnju ncm sjus nçrjfrcs”, bgz Mcj skrnkstgnkmjhtj, ncmc sj
sufgtkmjhtj tgvjssj um erkhbj ghsge`t.

‑Kecrk, vcnìs bcgs vcatjm kc trkfka`c. Hîc vkmcs skgr bjstj akfcrktþrgc ktç quj
pcsskmcs prcvkr, quj pcbjmcs ajr ks mjhtjs uhs bcs cutrcs”.
‑Mks, ju hîc pcssc ajr hkbk mjsmc”, prctjstk Nuray.
‑^jm prcfajmk „ vcnì ç um ngjhtgstk acunc, hîc um grrgtkbc prcijsscr bj gheaìs”, bgz
Mcj jm tcm nchnausgvc.
Nuray j Akrry pkrkm pkrk um mcmjhtc bj rjiajxîc, kfscrvjhbc k kpkrjhtjmjhtj
prciuhbk j þfvgk vjrbkbj, bk kigrmkåîc bj Mcj. Acec tcbcs jstîc knjhkhbc jm
nchncrbæhngk.
ûfgtkmjhtj, Akrry puak scfrj k mjsk j kssumj umk pcsgåîc bj mjbgtkåîc trkbgngchka,
ikzjhbc nkrk bj erkhbj nchnjhtrkåîc, jhqukhtc Nuray j Mcj ca`km.
Jm uhs pcuncs sjeuhbcs Akrry bë um skatc, ignk jm pç hc mjgc bk mjsk j bgz kfktgbc,
‑Ignc tjhtkhbc j tjhtkhbc, mks tubc quj nchsgec ç um frkhnc, ... hk vjrbkbj ...,” jaj
nchtghuk bjpcgs bj umk pkusk rjiajtgbk, ‑... ju nkptc bcgs frkhncs”.
‑Erkhbj”! Bgz Mcj, ‑jstk ç tcbk k prcvk quj prjngskmcs, vkmcs skgr bkqug”!
‑Ju tkmfçm qujrc ikzjr! Ju tkmfçm qujrc ikzjr! Ç mgh`k vjz! Mgh`k vjz! Mgh`k vjz!
Mgh`k…” âkp! Zm icrtj tkpk bj Mcj, pkrk Nuray hc mjgc bk sjhtjhåk. ‑Yë j ikåk umk
tjhtktgvk, sju pktjtk”, bgz Mcj bj icrmk ghbuaejhtj.
Nuray gmgtk k nkrk bj nchnjhtrkåîc quj Akrry tgh`k ijgtc, vgrk suk nkfjåk pkrk um akbc, j
ncmjåk k eughn`kr j jstrjmjnjr ktç cs pçs.
âkp! âkp! âkp! Mcj bë jm Nuray, umk rëpgbk tríkbj bj tkpks ncm cs bcgs akbcs bk
mîc. ‑Co mjbgtkbcr, c quj icg quj vcnì nkptcu”3 Bgz Mcj ncm þfvgc njtgngsmc.
Nuray scrrg j ghn`k c pjgtc ncm creua`c. ‑Ju nkptjg mchtjs bj frkhncs! Mchtjs j mchtjs
bj frkhncs”!
Nuray sj vgrk j ca`k pkrk Akrry. ‑Ju nkptjg mugtc mkgs hkbks bc quj vcnì”! Ktgrk Nuray
prcvcnktgvkmjhtj.
‑K` nakrc”, bgz Akrry, jhqukhtc kekrrk c hkrgz bj Nuray j ncmjåk k tcrnj-ac.
âkp! âkp! Mcj kankhåk j jhtrjek, um burc rgncn`jtj bupac bj tkpks, hcs ngjhtgstks
frgeujhtcs. ‑Knkfjm lë ncm gstc”, crbjhk! ‑^cmcs supcstcs ajr kpjhks ks mjhtjs uhs bcs
cutrcs, hîcBjmksgkbc
knrjbgtkrë. sghtchgzkr sunjssc
k iknuabkbj tcbk! hcs
vkg knkfkr ^j bjmgtghbc”.
igzjrmcs um trkfka`c fcm bjmkgs, hgheuçm
Jajs sj jhtrjca`km ncm jxprjssújs scmfrgks, ä mjbgbk quj nkbk um pchbjrk scfrj c
íherjmj j cfvgc akbc hjektgvc, bc sunjssc prcigssgchka bjsjhirjkbc hjstj nkmpc bj
trkfka`c.
‑Rkhtk vjrbkbj ç pjrgecsk”! Bgz Mcj jhiktgnkmjhtj.
‑^gm”, nchncrbk Akrry ä mjbgbk quj skjm bk skak, ‑^j c rjgtcr bjsncfrj quj ç tîc
ghtjagejhtj qukhtc hþs, pcbj qujrjr hcssc trkfka`c pkrk jaj”. ◂
Tcr nkusk bj suk sufljtgvgbkbj j hkturjzk pjsscka, ç bgiínga pkrk pjsqugskbcrjs jhncrklkr,
bjighgr cu sgstjmëtgnk j cfljtgvkmjhtj jstubkr, jijgtcs pkrkhcrmkgs jm hívja prciuhbc. C
mëxgmc quj pcbjm jspjrkr ikzjr, ç cfsjrvkr j bcnumjhtkr suk jxgstìhngk „ kaec rjaktgvkmjhtj
sgmpajs,
Fcm quj tjm sgbcngjhtgignc
prctcncac ijgtc mugtc, pcr njhtjhks
cfljtgvc, rjqujrbjquj
pjsqugskbcrjs ngjhtíigncs nrjbjhngkbkbcs.
cs jxpjrgmjhtkbcrjs rjmcvkm tcbks ks
ghnjrtjzks pcssívjgs,
pcssívjgs, kssgm ghtjrijrghbc j agmgtkhbc, c jijgtc psg sjhbc jstubkbc. Chbj kaeumk
ghnjrtjzk ç pjrmgtgbk, mja`crjs rjsuatkbcs (bc pchtc bj vgstk bj kaeuçm bj bjhtrc) sîc
prcbuzgbcs. Bc pchtc bj vgstk bj qujm jstë icrk, scmjhtj rjsuatkbcs bj mjhcr nrçbgtc sîc
prcbuzgbcs. Jxgstj sjmprj, mugtc mkgs ejhtj bj icrk bc quj bj bjhtrc. (Kqug, bj bjhtrc sîc cs
jxpjrgmjhtkbcrjs j sjus suljgtcs? tcbcs cs bjmkgs sîc bj icrk).
Ygsukagzkbcrjs rjmctcs, pcr jxjmpac, hîc pcbjm prcbuzgr ictcerkigks bj katk rjscauåîc,
pjrijgtks pkrk sjus jxpjrgmjhtkbcrjs „ sjmprj `ë kaeumk ghnjrtjzk, j usukamjhtj (jm um
nchluhtc bj jxpjrgmjhtcs jm prciuhbgbkbj) pjac mjhcs kaeumk ghnchsgstìhngk. Ghnjrtjzk
kbgngchka nrjsnj rëpgbc, hk mjhtj bcs ghbgvíbucs, quj hîc jstîc pjssckamjhtj jm tctka nchtrcaj
bj sjus prctcncacs jxpjrgmjhtkgs? nrjsnj mkgs rkpgbkmjhtj kghbk hk mjhtj bkqujajs quj hîc
jstîc igsgnkmjhtj tjstjmuh`khbc c jvjhtc pkrkhcrmka (quj ajjm scfrj gssc, cuvjm, cu vjjm hk
RY). [ukhtk ghnjrtjzk ç hjnjssërgk3 ^cmjhtj c suigngjhtj pkrk kssjeurkr, quj k vkstk mkgcrgk bcs
ngbkbîcs bk TMV hîc tjh`km suks qujrgbks gausújs, pjrturfkbks icråcskmjhtj jm erku
sgehgignkhtj.
^j um jvjhtc pkrkhcrmka (vgsîc cu sch`c prjmchgtþrgc, pcr jxjmpac) icssj sjm ghnjrtjzk, k
qukhtgbkbj bj pjsscks quj pcbjrgkm cfljtgvkmjhtj vjrgignkr jstk bjmchstrkåîc pjrijgtk bk psg,
sjrgk sjmprj pjqujhk c suigngjhtj pkrk hîc prcbuzgr hjhùm gmpkntc burkbcurc hk scngjbkbj jm
ejrka. Kqujajs ghbgvíbucs quj hîc jstîc prchtcs kghbk, pkrk pjrnjfjr j ncmprjjhbjr k vjrbkbj
mkgcr rjprjsjhtkbk pjacs jvjhtcs pkrkhcrmkgs, hîc pcbj sjr icråkbk k jxpjrgmjhtkr kqugac ncm
quj hîc pcbjm agbkr prcbutgvkmjhtj. Hk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, prjngsk sjmprj `kvjr suigngjhtj
ghnjrtjzk, pkrk kssjeurkr quj k ghtjergbkbj nksuka pjrnjfgbk bk TMV (k gausîc bj quj k ühgnk
rjkagbkbj quj pcbj pcssgvjamjhtj jxgstgr bjvj sjr cfljtgvk j iísgnk), pcbj kbjqukbkmjhtj sjr
mkhtgbk pcr tcbcs quj hîc jstîc kghbk prchtcs jm tjrmcs bj bjsjhvca-vgmjhtc pkrk gr kaçm
bkqujak mkgs fësgnk vgsîc bj muhbc. Bk bgrjåîc cpcstk j bjhtrc bk pjqujhk vgsîc, k ghnjrtjzk
hkturka jhvcavjhbc um bkbc jvjhtc, cu sjquìhngk bj jvjhtcs, `kfgagtk j sgmpagignk k kpagnkåîc bk
nchsngìhngk icnkagzkbk pkrk ghiaujhngkr kqujaj jvjhtc sjm vgcakr c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg.
Tcr cutrc akbc, k jxpjrgìhngk cfljtgvk iísgnk ç prcljtkbk pkrk sjr mkhtgbk j ncmpkrtga`kbk jm
ncmum. Hcssk jxpjrgìhngk iísgnk,
iísgnk, icrmk umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka ghtjrktgvk,
ghtjrktgvk, jxgfghbc umk
nkuskagbkbj ncmum uhgicrmj,
uhgicrmj, bjighgbk pjac nchluhtc-bj-rjerks jspkåc-tjmpc.
jspkåc-tjmpc. K iísgnk bk TMV
ç kpjhks um sufnchluhtc bc NbV jspkåc-tjmpc (jstk gbjgk sjrë bjsjhvcavgbk jm bjtka`js hk
^jåîc 2 bjstj agvrc). Rcbcs pcbjm jxpjrgmjhtkr cs mjsmcs jijgtcs mjhsurëvjgs hk TMV?
nchtubc, c hjnjssërgc
rkgz bcs jijgtcs psg (bk(pjac prghnípgc
pjrspjntgvk bk ghnjrtjzk
ngjhtgignk psg),bkkTMV),
cfljtgvk ghnjrtjzk
hîcquj prjngsk rjsgbgr
ç kprjngkbk hk nkusk
pjacs ngjhtgstks
bk TMV,
TMV, nulk mjtcbcacegk rjqujr quj jagmghjm k ghnjrtjzk. ghnjrtjzk. K ghkfgagbkbj pkrk jagmghkr
ghnjrtjzk, irustrkrë c bjsjlc bcs ngjhtgstks, bj ncmprjjhbjr k mjnæhgnk nkuska mkgs prciuhbk, bc
ijhòmjhc psg.
Ngjhtgstks bk TMV, sîc nuaturkamjhtj ajvkbcs k ghtjrprjtkr c quj jxpjrgmjhtkm, bj umk
icrmk quj jstë jm nchschæhngk ncm suk nrjhåk, bj quj k nkuskagbkbj TMV prjngsk nchtjr tcbcs
cs pcssívjgs ijhòmjhcs. Hc mja`cr nksc, sj icrjm pkngjhtjs j nugbkbcscs, pcbjm bjmchstrkr
quj c ijhòmjhc psg mjrkmjhtj jxgstj, mks k mjnæhgnk nkuska j njrtk rjpjtgfgagbkbj sjeugrë k
ghncmprjjhbgbk. ûk tjhtktgvk bj bjsnrjvjr um ijhòmjhc, pjrtjhnjhtj k umk nkuskagbkbj mkgs
ejrka j mjhcs rjstrgtk, jm tjrmcs bj umk nkuskagbkbj mjhcs ejrka j mkgs rjstrgtk, ç iütga. K
Ygsîc Kmpak j k Erkhbj Vjkagbkbj, hîc pcbjm sjr ncmpajtkmjhtj nchtgbks bjhtc bk pjqujhk
vgsîc „ lustc. Gstc
mkgs kmpak.
kmpak kc nchtrërgc, k pjqujhk
hîc ç ngìhngk vgsîc j. rjkagbkbj
bj iceujtj.
iceujtj C pjqujhcbjvj sjr um sufnchluhtc
agmgtkbc, bjvj sjr umbjsufnchluhtc
umk rjkagbkbj
bc
erkhbj gagmgtkbc „ hîc pcbj sjr c nchtrërgc.
Vjqujrjr quj k rjkagbkbj bk Erkhbj Ygsîc sjlk bjsnrgtk jxnausgvkmjhtj jm tjrmcs bj umk
rjkagbkbj acnka ç umk gbjgk ghnrgvjamjhtj jstupgbk „ Mcj, Akrry j Nuray ncmprjjhbjrgkm, pjac
mjhcs gstc. Nchtubc, ç um iktc bgvjrtgbc quj mugtcs bcs ngjhtgstks bc muhbc, jstjlkm tctkamjhtj
pjrpajxcs ncm jstj nchnjgtc trgvgka. ^j hîc pcbjm igsgnkmjhtj bjighgr j nchtrcakr k nchsngìhngk j
cs jijgtcs psg, jhtîc jajs hîc pcbjm sjr vjrgignkbcs jxgstgr hjm ncmc jhtgbkbj ghbjpjhbjhtj,
hjm ncmc ijhòmjhc rjka. K nchsngìhngk ç vgstk ncmc umk kaunghkåîc bcs prcnjsscs iísgncs
fgcquímgncs, jhqukhtc cs jijgtcs psg sîc vgstcs ncmc kaunghkåîc bcs prcnjsscs psgncaþegncs. Tcr
knrjbgtkr quj c quj ç rjka, ç gausîc, j c quj ç gausîc ç rjka, cs ngjhtgstks sj jhnurrkakrkm jm um
pjqujhc nkhtc bj rjkagbkbj, quj hîc nchtçm ks rjspcstks quj jstîc prcnurkhbc. Tgcr kghbk, suk
bjighgåîc pkbrîc bj um gbgctk hîc ngjhtgignc, ç qukaqujr um quj hîc ncmpkrtga`j suk nrjhåk
místgnk hk skerkbk Vjkagbkbj Iísgnk Ühgnk. Kaeumks ncgsks huhnk mubkm. Jg, ca`j c akbc
pcsgtgvc? pjac mjhcs cs mçbgncs lë hîc mkgs hcs ikzjm skherkr ncm skheujssueks.
Ngìhngk bk TMV sjmprj ika`krë jm jxpagnkr c ijhòmjhc hîc-iísgnc ncmc ijhòmjhc iísgnc.
Ijhòmjhc T^G, pjac pchtc bj vgstk TMV, huhnk sjrë fjm-ncmpcrtkbc c suigngjhtj hjm
prciuhbkmjhtj ncmprjjhbgbc, ejrkhbc kssgm mugtk ghnjrtjzk hk mjhtj bks mkssks. C mgstçrgc
bj ncmc cu pcrquj k psg iuhngchk (cu mjsmc k jxgstìhngk bcs ijhòmjhcs psg), pkrjnj ignkr hîc-
rjscavgbc j ghscaüvja, ghbjpjhbjhtj bj qukhtks vjzjs sjlk bjtka`kbkmjhtj rjscavgbc j
bjmchstrkbc, pcr ghbgvíbucs ncm nch`jngmjhtc. ^j vcnì hîc ç um bkqujajs ghbgvíbucs, cu
jhvcavgbc ncm um, cu hîc nch`jnj fjm um pkrk knrjbgtkr ncmpajtkmjhtj hk ghtjageìhngk j
ghtjergbkbj bjaj, hîc pjek gstc kc hívja pjsscka bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj. ^jm jstubc pjsscka j
jxpjrgìhngk jm prgmjgrk mîc nugbkbcskmjhtj kvkagkbk, cs quj hîc tjh`km `kfgagbkbj bj mkhtjr
um njtgngsmc bj mjhtj kfjrtk, sîc icråkbcs pcr suks hjnjssgbkbjs-jec k knrjbgtkr hk rjkagbkbj
bcs jvjhtcs pkrkhcrmkgs, cu k bjsknrjbgtkr hgssc „ sjhbc kmfks pcsgåújs gaþegnks quj prcbuzjm
mugtc ikaktþrgc hîc ngjhtgignc.
K rjkagbkbj bcs jijgtcs psg prjngsk sjr pjssckamjhtj jxpjrgmjhtkbk pkrk sjr knjgtk cu
ncmprjjhbgbk. Kssgm, ncmpkrtga`kr umk pkrtj bc nch`jngmjhtc bj Ygsîc Kmpak cu Erkhbj
Yjrbkbj (ekh`c ktrkvçs bj jxpjrgìhngk jm prgmjgrk mîc bcs jijgtcs psg pcr pjsqugskbcrjs psg cu
qukaqujr cutrc), pjak pufagnkåîc bj bcnumjhtcs bj pjsqugsk, agvrcs, cu pjac usc bj míbgk bj
mkssk ç tctkamjhtj ghütga j ghjignkz. Cs rjsuatkbcs bk pjsqugsk psg, quj nchigrmkm k jxgstìhngk
bjssjs jijgtcs, huhnk sjrîc kmpakmjhtj knjgtcs cu knrjbgtkbcs, ghbjpjh-bjhtjmjhtj bj quîc
nugbkbcsk
tkgs cu prcigssgchkamjhtj
rjsuatkbcs, cs jxpjrgmjhtcs
nchiagtk bgrjtkmjhtj tjh`kmmkhtgbks
ncm cutrks nrjhåks sgbc nchbuzgbcs, pcrquj knrjbgtkr
mkgs prciuhbkmjhtj. jm
Tcr cutrc
akbc, qukhbc jijgtcs psg ngjhtgignkmjhtj kvkagkbcs sîc pkrtj bj suk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka
(jspjngkamjhtj qukhbc vcnì icg ktcr, hîc cfsjrvkbcr), jhtîc umk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak hîc ç
mkgs um tjmk pkrk nrjhåk, j vcnì skfj k vjrbkbj mjsmc quj hîc ncmprjjhbk c mjnkhgsmc pcr
trës bk vjrbkbj.
Cs quj jstîc prchtcs pkrk prcerjbgr kc prþxgmc hívja bj sjr, grîc bj kaeumk icrmk bjsncfrgr
k vjrbkbj, jhqukhtc kqujajs quj hîc jstîc prjpkrkbcs ignkrîc sjm pgstks, ktç quj kaeumk
jxpjrgìhngk bj nrjsngmjhtc kfrk suk mjhtj pkrk ks pcssgfgagbkbjs. Hgheuçm pcbj bjsjhvcavjr
umk prciuhbk ncmprjjhsîc pjsscka, k pkrtgr bk pjsqugsk cu bk jxpjrgìhngk bj cutrk pjssck. Jstj
prcnjssc bj kprjhbgzkbc jm pkrtgnuakr hîc ç prgmkrgkmjhtj ghtjajntuka, ncmc kprjhbjr nëanuac? ç
mkgs jxpjrgjhngka, ncmc umk nrgkhåk bj um khc kprjhbjhbc k khbkr.
Mugtkbkghnjrtjzk
jvcauåîc hufakhbc
nchsngìhngk bjhtrc cs
bc jijgtcs psg rjsuatk
C^. Jhqukhtc bks krmkbga`ks
pjrnjpåîc nchsngjhtj jbjqukagbkbj
nrjhåk, rjtkrbkhbc
pjrmkhjåkmk
irknk j fkgxk, cs jijgtcs psg pjrmkhjnjrîc jhvcatcs jm ghnjrtjzk, mgstjrgcscs j sjm nrjbgfgagbkbj.
[ukhbc k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk nrjsåk j k nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk frga`j, ktrkvçs bj hcssk
nuaturk, k kpagnkåîc cfljtgvk bcs jijgtcs psg, skgrë bks scmfrks j tcmkrë sju auekr bj bgrjgtc kc
akbc bk nchtjmpakåîc, ncmuhgnkåújs ncmpajxks vjrfkgs j sgmfþagnks j k ikfrgnkåîc bj
ijrrkmjhtks, ncmc nkpkngbkbjs ùmkhks ghktks.
^j um ngjhtgstk TMV jstë prcnurkhbc rjsuatkbcs jxpjrgmjhtkgs bj psg mjbgbcs pcr cutrc, j
hîc ijz jaj mjsmc c trkfka`c, pcbj gmkeghkr tcbc tgpc bj ghnjrtjzks bjhtrc bc jxpjrgmjhtc, j
ikngamjhtj bgspjhskr cs rjsuatkbcs ncmc ngìhngk rjakpsk. Kssgm ç rjaktgvkmjhtj iënga pkrk jaj
mkhtjr k nrjhåk, bj quj suk pjqujhk vgsîc (TMV kpjhks) pjrmkhjnj ghtkntk (k cpåîc sjm
nrjsngmjhtc, sjm pjhskr, sjm strjss). Hîc ç scfrjnkrrjekbc pjacs iktcs, hjm tjm bj sjr, pcr
nkusk bk gmpcssgfgagbkbj quj cs rjsuatkbcs rjaktkbcs sjlk um bkbc, jhqukhtc c pctjhngka bj
ghnjrtjzk njrnkhbc cs rjsuatkbcs, sj kegekhtk hk suk prþprgk mjhtj ngjhtgignk bgrgegbk-pcr-sjus-
prjssupcstcs.
Zmk erkhbj ghnjrtjzk hgvjakbk k um rjsuatkbc gmjbgktc ghktgheívja, ajvk k umk icrtj
nchvgnåîc jm ikvcr bj sustjhtkr k nrjhåk bk pjqujhk vgsîc, j rgbgnuakrgzkr k kpkrjhtjmjhtj
rjakpsk psjubcngìhngk, j ghçpngk bj prcbuzgr mjhsurkåîc psg pcsgtgvk, jm prgmjgrc auekr. Kghbk
quj um ngjhtgstk tjh`k prcvkbc kbjqukbk j ngjhtgignkmjhtj, bjhtrc bj rkzcëvja njrtjzk, k
jxgstìhngk bj kaeum jijgtc psg, hîc `kvjrë gmpkntc hk ncmuhgbkbj ngjhtíignk. K jxgstìhngk bj
umk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak, scmjhtj sj tcrhkrë kpkrjhtj, pkrk cs pcuncs bgrjtkmjhtj ksscngkbcs
ncm c jxpjrgmjhtc.
Mjrkmjhtj prcvkr, kaçm bj qukaqujr scmfrk bj büvgbk, k jxgstìhngk bj um ijhòmjhc psg
sgheuakr, bgiínga bj rjpjtgr, ghnjrtc j mgstjrgcsc, icrk bk irchtjgrk bk rjspjgtkfgagbkbj, hîc ç
suigngjhtj pkrk gmpkntkr k cpghgîc bj qukaqujr um hc njhtrc rkngchka. Mjsmc sj um pjsqugskbcr
psg, ncmjåkssj suk nkrrjgrk pkrtghbc bc njhtrc bk ngìhngk knjgtk, acec jstkrgk rjajekbc pkrk ‑k
mkrejm”, tkavjz sjm hjhùmk n`khnj bj vcatkr kc ‑rjspjgtkbc njhtrc”. [ujm prjngsk bjstj tgpc
bj ksscngkåújs ksskssghks bj nkrrjgrk3 ûrprjjhbj quj cs ngjhtgstks iulkm bk pjsqugsk psg, ncmc
sj icssj bk prkek3 Ycnì vì pcrquj kqujajs quj tjm ncrkejm j jhjregk pkrk ikzjr pjsqugsk psg,
hîc sîc tcmkbcs mugtc sjrgkmjhtj pcr hgheuçm icrk bj suk prþprgk irktjrhgbkbj, k mjhcs quj
ighlkm skfjr mugtc mjhcs, bc quj hk vjrbkbj skfjm3
Hjm tcbcs cs prcfajmks bk ngìhngk j bc nch`jngmjhtc (igacscigk, chtcacegk, jpgstjmcacegk j
iísgnk) hjnjsskrgkmjhtj tìm scauåújs ‑burks” cu tçnhgnks „ kaeuhs pcbjm sjr ncmprjjhbgbcs
kpjhks pcr umk
ncm c quka vcnì mjhtj
kpjhksjxpjrgjhtj, ncm umk
tjrë quj nchvgvjr. pjrspjntgvk
Khgmj-sj, mkgcr. Jstjvcnìs
jspjngkamjhtj ç cutrc iktc
tgpcs bkbk jxgstìhngk,
ngìhngk-burk<
K sgtukåîc hîc ç tîc sjm jspjrkhåk ncmc pkrjnj. ^cauåújs sutgs,
sutgs, kghbk quj ghknjssívjgs pkrk um
erupc-prcvk sgmuatkhjkmjhtj kajktþrgc bj ngìhngk-burk, pcbjm tjr scauåújs rjkgs, ngjhtíignks,
prcbutgvks j rjpjtívjgs, ncm rjsuatkbcs cfljtgvcs j mjhsurëvjgs.
mjhsurëvjgs. ^gm pcbjm „ vcnì kpjhks kghbk
hîc skfj ncmc.
Hîc prjngsk bkr mjgk vcatk, rjaktgvk äqugac quj suk mîj tj nchtcu scfrj k vgbk, j c quj
kprjhbju hk jsncak. Kpjhks kfrk ks pjrsgkhks um pcunc, pkrk pjrmgtgr um mkgcr nchluhtc bj
pcssgfgagbkbjs, j nchtghuj mkgs cu mjhcs hk mjsmk bgrjåîc. ‑My Fge RCJ” j ju qujrjmcs
jxpkhbgr sju muhbc, hîc c jxpacbgr „ jstkmcs mcstrkhbc k vcnì umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, quj
nchtçm suk pjqujhk vgsîc ikmgagkr ncm um sufnchluhtc. Vjakxj, rjspgrj iuhbc< Ycnì hîc jstë
kiuhbkhbc jm krjgk mcvjbgåk. Jstj scm bj suekr vghbc bk katurk bcs sjus tcrhczjacs ç c sju
mjbc tjhtkhbc
hjnjssërgk pkrk mkhtjr sju kpjrtc
skgr bk nkgxk pcr sgjmjsmc!
gmpjbg-ac bj prcerjbgr. Ncrkejm nkrc ajgtcr, ncrkejm ç
Zm bgspcsgtgvc cu scauåîc tjnhcaþegnk (hîc jxgstj), quj ktgrkssj k nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj bj
kaeuçm hk HTMV, sþ tcrhkrgk kqujak pjssck tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj jm ‑um ‑um jstrkh`c humk tjrrk
jstrkh`k”. ^ju jec, mjhtj cu ju-rkngchka, gmjbgktkmjhtj kpþs c rjtcrhc, mugtc prcvkvjamjhtj
jstrkh`k”.
hjekrgk k rjkagbkbj j vkagbkbj bk jxpjrgìhngk. ^jm umk mjhtj kfjrtk j um nchncmgtkhtj
nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka (jagmghkåîc bc mjbc, jec, j kpjecs mktjrgkgs, kssgm ncmc c bcmíhgc bk
jhjregk mjhtka), k scauåîc tçnhgnk sjrgk tctkamjhtj ghütga.
Bk mjsmk icrmk, bjmchstrkåújs bj ijhòmjhcs psg ejhuíhcs pkrk k pjssck mjbgkhk
(ngjhtgstk cu hîc), tjrgk pjqujhc vkacr kaçm bc jijgtc tjktrka j mkegnkmjhtj tjnhcaþegnc (k mjhcs
quj k pjssck icssj c suljgtc ncm vkhtkejm hk bjmchstrkåîc „ tgvjssj sju tumcr bgsscavgbc,
rjscavjssj sju prcfajmk). Jaj pcbjrgk jhtîc mubkr suks nrjhåks, sj icssj k tjstjmuh`k cu
jstgvjssj jhvcavgbc pjssckamjhtj (sj (sj icssj tjajpcrtkbc pkrk k N`ghk j bjgxkbc vcatkr pkrk nksk
pcr suk nchtk, pcr jxjmpac). Mks jhtîc j bkí3 ûks nrjhåks hîc sîc gmpcrtkhtjs! Ç sju
nch`jngmjhtc utgagzëvja, sju jstkbc (qukagbkbj) bj sjr, suk jvcauåîc jspgrgtuka quj ç gmpcrtkhtj
„ j hjhùmk bjstks ncgsks
ncgsk s gmpcrtkhtjs sjrgk kijtkbk.
C muhbc mkgcr hîc knrjbgtk hjaj (quj icg tjajpcrtkbc pkrk k N`ghk) j sjrë nchsgbjrkbc um
jhvcavgbc hîc nchigëvja,
nchigëvja, ncm umk gmkeghkåîc supjrktgvk (bjagrkhtj) ktç quj hjeuj suk
jxpjrgìhngk. Kfscautkmjhtj hkbk gmpcrtkhtj cu prcbutgvc, sjrgk ktghegbc kc pjrmgtgr tka
jxpjrgìhngk k jstk pjssck.
^j pjrbk bj nrjbgfgagbkbj, hjekåîc, nchiusîc, pkrkhcgk cu cutrk bgsiuhåîc mjhtka kssumgbk,
hîc icssj k skíbk, jak pcbjrgk tjr ijgtc bkhc sgehgignkhtj. K skfjbcrgk bgz, hîc bjmchstrj jijgtcs
psg „ hîc ç prcvëvja, quj nchsgekm hjhùm rjsuatkbc sgehgignkhtj bj achec prkzc, qujr hk
pjqujhk cu hk Kmpak Ygsîc. Kghbk mkgs, bjmchstrkåújs psg tìm c pctjhngka bj ikzjr mka k sg j
kcs cutrcs, jxpkhbghbc mjbc, jec j nrjhåks. Tkrjnjrgk quj c prghngpka vkacr bj tkgs
bjmchstrkåújs ç bgvjrtgr, surprjjhbjr j jhtrjtjr. Tcr cutrc akbc, sj kaeuçm bjsjlk sjr um
s`cwmkh, psg ç k ijrrkmjhtk, ktç quj c jec bgmghuk sju pcbjr.
K iuhåîc, bc prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, hîc ç hjekr k jxgstìhngk bk psg „ k rjkagbkbj bcs
jijgtcs psg ç kfscautkmjhtj njrtk, pkrk qukaqujr um quj sj gmpcrtj c suigngjhtj, pkrk bjsncfrgr
pcr sg prþprgc. Kqujajs quj hîc skfjm quj cs jijgtcs psg sîc rjkgs, sîc mjrkmjhtj gehcrkhtjs (cu
jm hjekåîc) bj ghicrmkåîc, quj ç kmpakmjhtj bgspchívja j bj jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka, quj ç
rjaktgvkmjhtj iënga bj cftjr (vjlk c Nkpítuac 6; bc agvrc ; pkrk vërgks rjijrìhngks). Kaeum
jsicråc sçrgc j um pcunc bj pjsqugsk, pcbjm rjscavjr c prcfajmk. Jhqukhtc ghbgvíbucs j
nuaturks njecs
nkuskagbkbj pjak
iísgnk , csnrjhåk,
jijgtcs jxgegrjm quj c ijhòmjhc
psg pjrmkhjnjrîc hîc-iísgnc,
bgsikråkbcs sjlk bgiínjgs
hk ghnjrtjzk, bjsnrgtcbjjmjstubkr,
tjrmcssjm
bk
nrjbgfgagbkbj, j rjajekbcs ks irkhlks bk ktgvgbkbj ùmkhk.
C prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg „ um krtjiktc hkturka bk ghtjriknj jhtrj iísgnc j hîc-iísgnc „
prgmkrgkmjhtj mksnkrk k mjnæhgnk nkuska, j hjek k jignëngk j pjrijgtk j rjpjtgfgagbkbj bcs jijgtcs
psg. Jhqukhtc cs jijgtcs psg qujfrkm, jsnkpkm, irustrkm j jsvkzgkm k ncrrjhtj nkuska skerkbk bj
TMV, c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg hufak kqujak qujfrk c suigngjhtj, pkrk pjrmgtgr quj c njhtrc bc
pjhskmjhtc, bjhtrc bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV, mkhtjh`k k gausîc bj jxnausgvgbkbj hk
nkuskagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc, umk gausîc quj ç hjnjssërgk, pkrk ctgmgzkr c pctjhngka bj
nrjsngmjhtc ghbgvgbuka hk TMV. Trcvjr um ghbgvíbuc ncm bjmksgkbc knjssc kc pcbjr ghtjrktgvc
j nkpkngbkbj, khtjs quj jstjlk kptc k mkhusjë-acs skfgkmjhtj, ç sjmprj nchtrkprcbunjhtj sj hîc
icr pjrgecsc. Tcbjr mjhtka ç ekh`c hkturka j utgamjhtj, ä mjbgbk quj k jhtrcpgk bk nchsngìhngk
bc ghbgvíbuc
^j vcnì çprjngsk
rjbuzgbk.
vjrgignkr k rjkagbkbj jm rjakåîc k qukagbkbj ejrka bj nchsngìhngk jhtrj
ùmkhcs, vjlk cs hctgngërgcs hcturhcs cu ajgk cs lcrhkgs< Hîc rjstkrë k mjhcr büvgbk, scfrj quka
ç c hívja ejrka bc kmcr ghnchbgngchka, pjrnjpåîc, jhtrcpgk mjhtka, qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk,
mjbc, jec, qujrjrjs, bjsjlcs, jxpjntktgvks j hjnjssgbkbjs, quj jstîc scatks scfrj k tjrrk. Bj mìs
k mìs j bj khc k khc, ks hctíngks (bc pchtc bj vgstk bk Ygsîc Mkgs Kmpak) sîc tcbks fksgnkmjhtj
ks mjsmks. ^þ cs hcmjs bks vítgmks j pjrpjtrkbcrjs mubkm, bj um bgk kc cutrc, pkrk prctjejr
cs ghcnjhtjs bj pjrnjfjr, k nchsgstìhngk jxtrjmkmjhtj rjpjtgtgvk, quj nakrkmjhtj kpchtk um
bjbc knusktþrgc, pkrk k qukagbkbj bcs ghbgvíbucs quj icrmkm hcssk nuaturk. [ujr jstjlkmcs hks
hctíngks cu hîc, scmcs tcbcs jxjmpacs jxnjajhtjs, j creua`cscs pkrtgngpkhtjs, bk hcssk nuaturk „
um fcm nksc, sj lkmkgs `cuvj um, bj jhnchtrkr um ghcnjhtj quj ç nuapkbc pcr ksscngkåîc.
Ygvjr hk suk nuaturk j hîc sjr bjak, ç jxnjpngchkamjhtj bgiínga.
bgiínga. ^cmcs jak, jak ç hþs „ tcbcs
jstîc ghtjerkamjhtj nchjntkbcs. Ecstj bgssc cu hîc, scmcs ghjekvjamjhtj pkrtj bc prcfajmk.
Kicrtuhkbkmjhtj, tkmfçm tjmcs c pctjhngka bj sjr pkrtj bk scauåîc. K fck hctíngk, ç quj
bjsjhvcavjhbc k qukagbkbj bk hcssk nchsngìhngk, pcbjmcs hcs tcrhkr umk pkrtj mugtc mjhcr bc
prcfajmk, j umk mugtc mkgcr pkrtj bk scauåîc.
scauåîc.
Bkbc c hívja jajmjhtkr hc quka c akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV jstë bjsjh`kbc pkrk
iuhngchkr, c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç, pcr jaj mjsmc, suigngjhtj pkrk kssjeurkr quj k
jxpjrgìhngk hc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV sjlk uhgicrmjmjhtj bgrjtk, sgmpagstk, sjeurk j
kmgeëvja ncm c usuërgc, pkrk ghgngkhtjs hc prcnjssc bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Jm ejrka, kghbk
quj jxgstkm kaeumks jxnjåújs, `kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka sçrgk bjvj sjr ekh`k ktrkvçs bj umk qujbk
sgehgignkhtj hk jhtrcpgk bk suk nchsngìhngk.
Tkrk gr kaçm bks mkhgpuakåújs supjrigngkgs bk jhjregk pkrkhcrmka, vcnì bjvj ktgvk j
prcpcsgtkamjhtj, mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. Hîc ç um tjmk bj tçnhgnk,
jhnkhtkmjhtc mëegnc cu bj sj kagkr ncm jhtgbkbjs pcbjrcsks< Ncmprjjhsîc, skfjbcrgk j
`kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka bjvjm sjr mjrjngbks ktrkvçs bj sju nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka.
jspgrgtuka.
Jm suk mkgcrgk, jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk tjm auekr, bjhtrc bj um sgstjmk kutc jqugagfrkbc j
kutcpcagngkbc. Trç jsncakrjs, huhnk rjnjfjm ijrrkmjhtks pcbjrcsks cu krmks, pkrk trkfka`kr cu
frghnkr. Knjssc ç hcrmkamjhtj bgspchívja, kpjhks äqujajs quj c mjrjnjrkm j pcbjm usë-ac
aunrktgvkmjhtj.. Hk ^jåîc :, vjrjmcs ncmc c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk ghtjrkej ncm iuturcs
aunrktgvkmjhtj
pcssívjgs j supjriíngjs bj rjkagbkbj prcvëvja, pkrk `kfgagtkr vcnì k kijtkr k prcfkfgagbkbj, bj quj
umk pcssgfgagbkbj iuturk sj rjkagzj cu hîc, jm suk rjkagbkbj iísgnk.
K ichtj j hkturjzk ngjhtíignk bk ajg bk ghnjrtjzk psg, hîc ç bgijrjhtj bk ichtj j hkturjzk
ngjhtgignk bk ajg
jspkåc-tjmpc. bk erkvgbkbj?
Kmfks kmfks
sîc rjiajxcs sîc kpjhks
bks rjstrgåújs rjsuatkbcs
ncacnkbks scfrjhkturkgs bc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks
k nchsngìhngk, k igm bj bjighgr
c akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc jm rjkagbkbj-vgrtuka (TMV), ncm c prcpþsgtc bj jvcaugr k
nchsngìhngk. Jijgtcs psg j ghnjrtjzk psg, hîc sîc mkgs místgncs cu krfgtrërgcs bc quj k
erkvgtkåîc.. ûk kpagnkåîc, mjnæhgnk j ghtjrkåújs sîc ncmprjjhsívjgs, rjeuakrjs j prjvgsívjgs,
erkvgtkåîc
ncmc ks þrfgtks bcs pakhjtks kc rjbcr bc sca.
K `kfgagbkbj bj kijtkr j nchtrcakr, um kmpac jspjntrc bj jvjhtcs pkrkhcrmkgs, jstë
bgspchívja pkrk tcbcs quj jstgvjrjm bgspcstcs k nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk
suigngjhtjmjhtj. Nchtubc, k `kfgagbkbj psg huhnk bjvjrgk sjr sju cfljtgvc ighka „ sj icr, suk
nkpkngbkbj bj mkhgpuakr c iísgnc ktrkvçs bc hîc-iísgnc sjrë sjvjrkmjhtj kutcagmgtkbk, j tkavjz
mjsmc kutcbjstrutgvk. Tcbjr psg, bjvjrgk sjr vgstc ncmc hkbk mkgs bc quj um fjhjiíngc
ncaktjrka, bj um nkmgh`c jijtgvc j fjm vgklkbc „ sj tcrhk
tcr hk hkturkamjhtj bgspchívja, ä mjbgbk quj
suk ncmprjjhsîc
kbqugrgr bk pkrkhcrmka
j uskr pcbjr Ygsîc Kmpak
trëssjpkrk
kprciuhbk
kprciuhbk.. Kbgngchkamjhtj,
icrk c pgcr vcnì kprjhbj
hkqujajs quj ecstkrgkm bj sjrquj bjsjlkr
pcbjrcscs,
mks hîc igzjrkm pcr mjrjnjr gssc. Jaj sjhskngchkagzk j trgvgkagzk k fusnk bk qukagbkbj hk
nchsngìhngk. Tcbj sjr umk erkhbj ijrrkmjhtk jbunkngchka, um bgspcsgtgvc vkagcsc pkrk klubkr cs
cutrcs jm ngrnuhstæhngks jspjngkgs, kssgm ncmc um jxkatkbcr bc jec quj rkpgbkmjhtj sj tcrhk
umk jhcrmj ichtj bj bgstrkåîc bc vkacr j icnc jspgrgtuka. Jsqujåk scfrj uskr c pcbjr pkrkhcrmka
bj cutrcs pkrk cftjr kaeumk ghicrmkåîc cu jijgtc quj vcnì qujr „ hîc vkg iuhngchkr, jstj ktka`c
knkfkrë sj tcrhkhbc um fjnc sjm skíbk. Ycnì lë tjm tubc quj prjngsk bjhtrc bj vcnì.
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Zmk Ca`kbk Mkgs bj Tjrtc Hc
Ijhòmjhc Tsg, hk HTMV j Ycnì

Hîc jxgstj kfrknkbkfrk bj ‑kecrk vcnì vì, j kecrk hîc vì” kqug „ scmjhtj pkrjnj kssgm,
pjak vgsîc agmgtkbk bk pjrspjntgvk kpjhks-TMV. Jm um hívja mkgs katc bj pjrnjpåîc, psg j
ghnjrtjzk-psg sîc nchnjgtcs ngjhtíigncs bgrjtcs, sufmjtgbcs k um hívja mkgs katc bj nkuskagbkbj.
Hîc knrjbgtkmcs mkgs quj c sca j k auk sîc puxkbcs pcr khlcs pjac nçu (jm bkbc mcmjhtc
icg umk tjcrgk jxtrjmkmjhtj pcpuakr, ncm icrtj supcrtj bks mjhtjs ngjhtíignks, igacsþignks j
tjcaþegnks mkgs frga`khtjs bc Cngbjhtj). Bj icrmk sgmgakr, hîc bjvjmcs skatkr pkrk k nchnausîc
bj quj c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç ijgtc kpagnkr, pcr jhtgbkbjs hîc-iísgnks puxkhbc ncrbújs k
pkrtgr bc pkhc bj iuhbc HTMV. Rkgs nchnjgtcs sgmpagstks j khtrcpcmcrignkmjhtj eugkbcs,
sjrvjm kpjhks pkrk ncmpagnkr k gehcræhngk crgeghka.
Tkrjnj quj, sjmprj quj hþs ùmkhcs scmcs nchirchtkbcs pcr hcssk gehcræhngk bj umk
icrmk erkhbj j quj hîc pcbj sjr hjekbk, tjhbjmcs k jxtrkpcakr umk lë supjrjstgnkbk vjrsîc bj
hcsscs vja`cs pkrkbgemks, jm umk scauåîc þfvgk quj supcrtj c ‑stktus quc”. Tkrk umk mjhcs
þfvgk, mks kghbk ghnòmcbk gehcræhngk, ncm irjquìhngk hcs vgrkmcs pkrk umk ngìhngk ikhtksmk,
scauåújs fksjkbks-jm-iç, cu sgmpajsmjhtj hjekmcs quj kqujajs bkbcs, quj bjmchstrkm hcssk
gehcræhngk, sjlkm rjkgs. Rka aþegnk ngrnuakr fksjkbk-jm-nrjhåk, nrgk sju prþprgc vþrtgnj
ghtjajntuka.
@clj, kn`kmcs mugtc jherkåkbk, k gbjgk bj khlcs mcmjhtc cs ncrpcs njajstjs pcr kí „ qujr
bgzjr rjkamjhtj, ncmc pcbgkm ks pjsscks sjr tîîîcc jstüpgbks!3 Hk vjrbkbj, jaks hîc sîc bj
icrmk hjhùmk jstupgbks? tgh`km kprcxgmkbkmjhtj k mjsmk nkpkngbkbj mjhtka quj tjmcs.
Mjrkmjhtj bkvkm ncfjrturk k suk gehcræhngk, ncm tjcrgks quj jstkvkm jm nchschæhngk ncm
suks nrjhåks nuaturkgs, pjssckgs, ngjhtgignks j rjagegcsks „ jxktkmjhtj ncmc hþs ikzjmcs. Khtjs
bj sjhtgr-sj mugtc prjsuhåcsc, scfrj k tcagnj bj khlcs nkrrjekbcrjs bj pakhjtks, bjvjrgk skfjr quj
k ngìhngk j igacscigk mcbjrhks uskm jxktkmjhtj cs mjsmcs bgspcsgtgvcs, ncm jxktkmjhtj c
mjsmc zjac, pkrk agbkr ncm cs bjskigcs ktukgs kc ncrkåîc bc sgstjmk bj nrjhåks bj hcssk nuaturk.
Bkqug k mugtcs khcs hcssk ngìhngk, igacscigk j tjcacegk agmgtkbks-pcr-nrjhåks icrhjnjrîc äs
iuturks ejrkåújs, fchs mctgvcs pkrk sknubgr ks nkfjåks j scrrgr jm bgvjrsîc jspkhtkbk, ‑[ujrc
bgzjr, rjkamjhtj, ncmc ks pjsscks pcbgkm sjr tîc jstupgbks”!3 Ghjvgtkvjamjhtj, hcssks hcåújs
sgehgignæhngk j ngìhngk ktukgs grîc um bgk pkrjnjr ghnrgvjamjhtj tcaks „ tkavjz kghbk hjstj sçnuac.
Ç um bj hcsscs mkgcrjs nchnjgtcs, knrjbgtkr quj hîc pcbíkmcs sjr tîc gehcrkhtjs j tîc icrk bj
nchtktc ncm k rjkagbkbj „ scmcs, bjpcgs bj tubc, jxnjpngchkamjhtj Ghtjagejhtjs j kvkhåkbcs,
ncmc vcnì skfj.
▼ ‑Gehcræhngk3 ^jm n`khnj! Hîc hþs! Hcssk ngìhngk lë bjmchstrcu nakrkmjhtj, frga`c j
rjkagzkåújs sjm pkrkajac, burkhtj c sçnuac pksskbc. Ighkamjhtj ncmprjjhbjmcs ncmc c
muhbc hkturka iuhngchk. Ycnì bjvj jstkr sj rjijrghbc kcs nkrks sjhtgmjhtkgs-mjaghbrcscs
fksjkbcs-jm-nrjhåks bc tjrnjgrc muhbc. Jajs pjrmkhjnjm akrekmjhtj gehcrkhtjs, mks
jvjhtukamjhtj, cu vkmcs prjngskr trkzì-acs kc hcssc hívja bj ncmprjjhsîc, cu nugbkr bjajs.
ûfmjtjr, jbunkr, mkhtjr cu jagmghkr nuaturks ghtjgrks bj nrgkhåks pjrpçtuks, pkrjnj sjr umk
tkrjik sjm kerkbjngmjhtcs, mks ç hcssk rjspchskfgagbkbj jvcaungchërgk „ hcssk ghjvgtëvja
nkrek k supcrtkr”.
‑Nrjgc quj agmgtkåújs fksjkbks-jm-nrjhåk j kutcgmpcstks hîc jxgstjm, mugtc mjhcs
quj grîc jvjhtukamjhtj hcs ikzjr pkrjnjr ghnrgvjamjhtj jstüpgbcs, ks iuturks ejrkåújs.
Gmpcssívja! Ncmpajtkmjhtj gmpcssívja! Ncmc jspçngj, hcs tcrhkmcs ghnrgvjamjhtj
ghtjagejhtjs j ngjhtgignkmjhtj kvkhåkbcs „ tcbcs skfjm bgstc. Ycnì bjvj sjr jstupgbc sj hîc
skfj”.
‑Jstcu sjeurc bj vcnì jstë pajhkmjhtj ngjhtj quj hþs, bk nuaturk Cngbjhtka, kecrk
skfjmcs, cu quksj skfjmcs, tubc c quj ç sgehgignkhtj. @ë kpjhks pcuncs bjtka`js
iuhbkmjhtkgs kghbk ikatkhbc „ j hcsscs frga`khtjs ngjhtgstks jstîc trkfka`khbc hjajs, mjsmc
jhqukhtc prjeugåcscs icaekbcs ncmc vcnì, ekstkm tjmpc ajhbc agvrcs ncmc jstj. Hîc vkg
bjmcrkr, tkavjz pcunks ejrkåújs, j tjrjmcs tcbk ghicrmkåîc gmpcrtkhtj scf hcssc nchtrcaj.
Nkrkmfk, k vgbk sjrë þtgmk jhtîc „ vcnì skfj, bjpcgs quj k ngìhngk jagmghkr tcbcs cs
prcfajmks. Zku! Mka pcssc jspjrkr! Jstkmcs tîc pjrtc… tîc pjrtc… kghbk… `clj,
nchicrmj cuvg hc hctgngërgc hcturhc, c prcerjssc ngjhtgignc pkrjnj tîc grrjajvkhtj... j tîc
bgstkhtj”.
Ks ktgtubjs j nrjhåks ejrkgs jxprjsskbks kngmk, sîc tkhtc ktukgs ncmc khtgeks. Ks
pjsscks tìm sj sjhtgbc kssgm, bjsbj quj k `gstþrgk ncmjåcu k sjr rjegstrkbk. J grîc, mugtc
prcvkvjamjhtj, nchtghukr k sjhtgr bjstk icrmk kghbk pcr um achec tjmpc. ^jrë quj um cu
mkgs bcs pkrëerkics prjnjbjhtjs, rjprjsjhtk kprcxgmkbkmjhtj suk nrjhåk njhtrka3 Nkvj
iuhbc j sjlk `chjstc.
`chjstc.
Lë hctcu ncmc k ghsjeurkhåk, gehcræhngk, krrceæhngk j jec, irjqujhtjmjhtj trkfka`km
jm jqugpj, pkrk ikzjr umk pgkbk pkrtgnuakrmjhtj `crrívja3 J quj jssk pgkbk, sjmprj knkfk
sjhbc ä suk nustk3 ◂
K mkgcrgk bj hþs pcbj pjhskr jm umk büzgk cu mkgs bj ghstkhngks (pjssckgs j `gstþrgnks),
chbj hþs ùmkhcs nrgkmcs jxpagnkåújs knjgtëvjgs (jm sju mcmjhtc), scfrj-jstgmkhbc vja`cs
pkrkbgemks ktç quj iurcs sj kfrghbc hjajs kpkrjnjm, quj hîc pcbjm sjr gehcrkbcs3 Lë
ktrgfuímcs
lë jmprjekmcsjijgtcs mgstjrgcscs
mugtks cutrks kcs khlcs, bjmòhgcs,
mjtëicrks cutrcs pkrk
hîc jspjníignks, ikhtksmks, ngìhngk ikhtksmkeþrgnk,
kåîc-k-bgstæhngk j ghtrcmjtgbcsj
ghvgsívjgs. K jxpagnkåîc mkgs iënga j jijtgvk bj tcbks, ç sgmpajsmjhtj hjekr quj cs bkbcs
nchiagtkhtjs jxgstjm. Jstjs sîc kpjhks uhs pcuncs, bcs bgspcsgtgvcs pkbrújs quj uskmcs, pkrk
agbkr ncm hcssk gehcræhngk j rjbuzgr hcssc mjbc bc bjsnch`jngbc. Cs uskmcs `clj hîc mjhcs,
jm hcssk vgbk prgvkbk j püfagnk „ hcs ikzjm sjhtgr mkgs hc nchtrcaj, j hcs bîc mjgcs bj
nchtrcakr cs cutrcs. Ghvjhtkr scauåújs nchicrtëvjgs pkrk mkhtjr k ghtjergbkbj bj hcsscs sgstjmks
bj nrjhåks ç sjmprj mkgs knjgtëvja pkrk hþs, bc quj kbmgtgr gehcræhngk j jhtîc ncm mjhtj kfjrtk
j nçtgnk, vgvjr ncm kqujak gehcræhngk ktç quj hcvcs pkrkbgemks cu hcvcs bkbcs kpkrjåkm.
Ygvjr erkngcskmjhtj ncm c bjsnch`jngbc ç um prcnjssc sgmpajs j hkturka hk kusìhngk bc
mjbc. Nchtubc, bkbc c mjbc akrekmjhtj jspka`kbc bc bjsnch`jngbc j bj hcvcs pkrkbgemks,
hîc ç bj surprjjhbjr quj mugtcs tjh`km kn`kbc, j sgekm kn`khbc, mkgs iënga j nchvjhgjhtj,
mkhgpuakr
tjrmghcacegkjstjs mjbcs kprciuhbkmjhtj
Irjubgkhk), igm bj nchtrcakrkssjhtkbcs
k jhjregk, ktç csj csscs
kåújs (mkgs
rjnurscs sufnchsngjhtjs,
bcs cutrcs.
cutrcs hk
. Hcssc mjbc
j jec icrhjnjm mkhcpaks prchtks, quj cs cutrcs pcbjm uskr pkrk hcs pcsgngchkr ncmc a`js
ghtjrjssj.
Jxgstjm mugtcs bgspcsgtgvcs quj pcbjm sjr uskbcs pkrk hjekr suk jxpjrgìhngk. C mkgs þfvgc
ç kpjhks gehcrkr, kajekr (knrjbgtkr) quj icg jhekhkbc (nuapkr cutrcs „ nchspgrkåújs jstîc sjmprj
hk mcbk), cu quj jstë scirjhbc bj ghskhgbkbj tjmpcrërgk, cu qukaqujr cutrk bgsiuhåîc mjhtka. ^j
icr rjagegcsc, pcbj nuapkr suk jxpjrgìhngk kc bjmòhgc cu fruxkrgk, cu tkavjz sj `cuvjr umk
pjqujhk pkrkhcgk jm suk nchstgtugåîc, pcbj jxpagnkr suk jxpjrgìhngk, ncmc rjsuatkbc bj kaeumk
ghtjagejhtj j bgkfþagnk mkhgpuakåîc `gphþtgnk, cu knrjbgtkr quj brceks bjvjm tjr sgbc
iurtgvkmjhtj ncacnkbks jm sju nkiç bk mkh`î. Jm sj trktkhbc bj lustgignktgvks, c quj qugsjr (cu
prjngskr) pkrk knrjbgtkr (k ikvcr cu nchtrk), suk nrgktgvgbkbj j mgcpgk ghbuzgbk pcbj prcbuzgr
pkrk ktjhbjr qukaqujr bjskigc. Jstk ç k hkturjzk bc jec
jec.. Ç tkmfçm k crgejm bk mkgcrgk, sjhîc k
tctkagbkbj, bks nrjhåks.
Hîc `ë vkhtkejm jm bjmchstrkr jijgtcs psg „ cs jijgtcs tjnhc-mëegncs jxgfgbcs, pcr kqujajs
jm bgrjtk pkrtgngpkåîc (quj hîc ghvjhtkrkm umk icrmk bj bjsnchtkr cu hjekr k jxpjrgìhngk) ç
ghütga. C mjsmc, ç mkgs cu mjhcs vjrbkbj pkrk ks jxpjrgìhngks psg hkturkgs, tkgs ncmc sch`cs
prjmchgtþrgcs cu ncmuhgnkåújs tjajpëtgnks, quj mga`újs bj pjsscks lë jxpjrgmjhtkrkm.
Ejrkamjhtj, jstks jxpjrgìhngks hîc ajvkm k auekr kaeum, j hîc sîc pkrtgnu-akrmjhtj gmpcrtkhtjs
hk TMV. Nchtubc, jaks irjqujhtjmjhtj sjrvjm ncmc nktkagzkbcr, pkrk icråkr umk kfjrturk bj
mjhtj suigngjhtj pkrk um vgsaumfrj bk rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak, cu pkrk knjhbjr k n`kmk bk
nurgcsgbkbj j pcbjm sjr gmjhskmjhtj vkagcsks, pkrk um ghbgvíbuc prchtc k bkr c prþxgmc pkssc.
Zm ghbgvíbuc hîc prchtc pkrk bkr c prþxgmc pkssc, usukamjhtj hîc tìm jstks jxpjrgìhngks.
jxpjrgìhngks.
Chbj jstë c vkacr, jm ikzjr ncm quj pjsscks quj hîc jstîc prchtks pkrk aunrkr ncm gstc, tjh`km
jstks jxpjrgìhngks3 Ikzjr gstc ejrkamjhtj nkusk mkgs strjss j nchiusîc quj gaumghkåîc, j hc igm
jm ejrka, rjbuz k nrjbg-fgagbkbj bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj, mkgs bc quj k rjkaåk. Trcerjssc
jvcaungchërgc rjka, mja`crgk rjka hk suk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, bjvj vgr bj bjhtrc pkrk icrk.
icrk.
^jeughbc hcssk bgsnussîc, scfrj c rjakngchkmjhtc jhtrj ijhòmjhcs psg j ghnjrtjzk, pkrjnjrgk
mkgs iënga tjajpcrtkr kaeuçm pkrk k N`ghk j bj vcatk (bc quj bjgxë-ac aë) pcr nkusk bk mkgcr
ghnjrtjzk jhvcavgbk jm prcvjr k tjajpcrtkåîc. ^jrgk kghbk mkgs iënga sj rjtcrhkssj ncm hkbk mkgs
quj suk mjmþrgk bk vgkejm, suk jxpjrgìhngk. Mjsmc sj rjtcrhkssj ncm umk mîc n`jgk bj
scuvjhgrjs ncmc jvgbìhngk, cutrcs pjhskrgkm quj ç mugtc iënga ncmprkr gstc jm umk aclk acnka
bj gmpcrtkbcs cu krmkr ks jvgbìhngks bj kaeum cutrc ljgtc. ^jrgkm ejrkamjhtj vgstcs ncmc
mjhtgrcscs cu bjagrkhtjs
K jvgbìhngk „ pjac
sjrgk vëagbk mjhcs pkrk
scmjhtj gstc, jajs
ç þfvgc.
„ j tkavjz uhs pcuncs cutrcs quj knrjbgtkssjm
hjajs tctka j gmpagngtkmjhtj. Rjrgkm umk jsnca`k. Tcbjrgkm sjr acuncs vkrrgbcs kcs ca`cs bj
quksj tcbc muhbc, kghbk quj sjeurcs jm sju nch`jngmjhtc bk vjrbkbj, cu nrjhbc quj jajs
prþprgcs quj sîc acuncs bjagrkhtjs, hjekhbc quj suk jxpjrgìhngk icssj hk vjrbkbj rjka
(ghskhgbkbj kajekbk). C Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc hîc ç pkrk c ikngamjhtj ghiaujhngëvja j
gmprjssgchëvja, c ghtjajntukamjhtj tímgbc, c mjbrcsc cu c ghsjeurc.ghsjeurc. Tjsscks ncm jstks
tjhbìhngks pjrmkhjnjrîc ghnjrtks j nchiusks j sîc prjsk iënga pkrk n`kraktîjs bk Hcvk Jrk, kssgm
ncmc fjm-ghtjhngchkbcs bjsnch`jnjbcrjs bk prþprgk gehcræhngk. Zmk mjhtj icrtj bj eujrrjgrc,
ghtjhåîc icnkbk, j ktgtubj sjm mjbc ncmfghkbcs ncm pkngìhngk bj ngjhtgstk pkrk jxpacrkr, katcs
pkbrújs khkaítgncs j nurgcsgbkbj iuhbkmjhtka sîc rjqugsgtcs pkrk þtgmcs rjsuatkbcs.
Ncmc luaekr sju prcerjssc j skhgbkbj, sj jstgvjr sjeughbc c Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc3
Trkemëtgnk
jxpjrgìhngksj psg
cfljtgvkmjhtj „ ca`khbc
(tjajpcrtj, nurk, vgkejm,cs vgsîc
rjsuatkbcs. Kvkagj
rjmctk, pkrk vjr sj tjajpëtgnk
cu ncmuhgnkåîc sju nch`jngmjhtc
ncm sjrjsj
iísgncs cu hîc-iísgncs), sîc sgehgignktgvcs j sgehgignkhtjs (hk Ygsîc Kmpak) pkrk vcnì j pkrk cs
cutrcs. Bjtjrmghj sj sju nch`jngmjhtc bk Ygsîc Kmpak, prcbuz rjsuatkbcs mjhsurëvjgs
nchsgstjhtjs jm tjrmcs bj qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk, j prciuhbgbkbj bk suk pjrnjpåîc bk

rjkagbkbj mkgcr (ghnaughbc k iísgnk). ^ju nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, j suk `kfgagbkbj bj klubkr cutrcs
k nrjsnjr jspgrg-tukamjhtj, bjvjrgk sjr þfvgk, j mjhsurëvja, pkrk vcnì j pkrk cs cutrcs.
Ycnì skfjrë, sjm qujstújs j sjm kmfgeugbkbj, sj jstë rjkamjhtj mkgs nch`jnjbcr, ejhtga,
ùmgabj, ncmpkssívja, bgspcstc k klubkr, jqugagfrkbc j icnkbc, hc quj vcnì nchtrgfug kcs cutrcs.
^j vcnì ç sëfgc, ncmprjjhsgvc, nchsgbjrkbc, pjrspgnkz, prciuhbc, j kmcrcsc, vcnì j tcbc muhbc
skfjrë quj hîc jstë acunc. Zm ghbgvíbuc katkmjhtj jvcauíbc rjsskatk bk muatgbîc, ncmc um
jajikhtj jm umk pjqujhk pakhtkåîc bj jrvga`ks.
jrvga`ks. Jstjs ghbgvíbucs, sîc kmkbcs j tgbcs hk mkgs
katk nchsgbjrkåîc, pcr tcbcs quj cs jhnchtrkm „ tìm um pcbjr ejhtga j katkmjhtj jijtgvc quj ç
sjm mjbc.
Cs quj hîc sîc sëfgcs, skfjrîc kpjhks sj um ghbgvíbuc pkrjnj sjr sëfgc, tjr nch`jngmjhtc,
sjr ejhtga, jqugagfrkbc, bj klubk, j hîc ghskhc. Ycnì skfjrë quj hîc jstë bjagrkhtj, sj suk
nkpkngbkbj pkrk kmkr, bkr, jxgfgr ùmgabkbj j ncmpkgxîc, jm ghtjrkåújs bgërgks jstë nrjsnjhbc
sgehgignktgvkmjhtj, ä mjbgbk quj sju jec, mjbc j kpjecs mktjrgkgs, jstjlkm bjnrjsnjhbc
sgehgignktgvk-mjhtj. Cs krtjiktcs bc nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, hîc sîc jsctçrgncs cu sutgs.
^j, pcr cutrc akbc, sju jstkbc jspgrgtuka ç jstkehkbc cu hîc-jxgstjhtj (bj fkgxk qukagbkbj „
bgrgegbc pjac jec) j vcnì ghtjrkej ncm pjsscks pjak mkhgpuakåîc, cu ks gmprjssgchkhbc pcr ighs
mktjrgkgs cu bj jec, jstë ika`khbc hcs jsicråcs pkrk mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk,
mjsmc quj jstjlk nchvjhnjhbc cs cutrcs bj sju sunjssc, cu bj tjr ekh`c kaeum nchtrcaj
agmgtkbc bcs jijgtcs psg.
Cs jijgtcs bj rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bj suk nchsngìhngk, jvjhtukamjhtj sj tcrhkm tîc þfvgcs
ncmc sjr ktrcpjakbc pcr um nkmgh`îc „ vcnì hîc tjrë bgignuabkbj jm bgsnjrhgr k bgijrjhåk (jhtrj
nrjsngmjhtc cu gausújs bj nrjsngmjhtc) scfrj sg mjsmc, sj (um erkhbj sj) vcnì rjkamjhtj qugsjr
skfjr k vjrbkbj. Kvkagkr cutrcs, pcbj sjr mkgs bgiínga bc quj kvkagkr k sg mjsmc, mks k vjrbkbj
jvjhtukamjhtj njbjrë k mjsmk khëagsj „ ç kpjhks mkgs bgiínga (kaeumks vjzjs) cftjr cs bkbcs
hjnjssërgcs scfrj kaeuçm, pcr nkusk bj suk agmgtkbk ncmprjjhsîc bj suks mctgvkåújs.
^j vcnì huhnk jxpjrgmjhtcu prcerjssc sgehgignkhtj jm rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bk suk nchsngìhngk,
pcbj hîc tjr gbjgk bc quj qujrc bgzjr, cu sj c quj bgec ikz sjhtgbc. Jstcu tjhtkhbc ncmuhgnkr cs
rjsuatkbcs bj mgh`k jxpjrgìhngk nakrkmjhtj, mks sjg quj ç fkstkhtj bgiínga pkrk qukaqujr um
ncmprjjhbjr, bj mkhjgrk
^j ks ghtjrkåújs, ghtjhsk,
bj um prciuhbk
prcijsscr cu pjsscka,
jspgrgtuka ncm sjm tjr jxpjrgìhngk
cutrcs, sgmgakr prþprgk.
sîc mkgs prjngskmjhtj bjsnrgtks
ncmc ‑mkrojtghe” bc quj klubkr bj vjrbkbj pjsscks, k mubkr sgehgignktgvkmjhtj suks vgbks, pjac
kumjhtc bj suks cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka, jhtîc ks bjsnrgåújs ‑acunc vkrrgbc
ncm kaunghkåújs cu ghgngkbcs tcacs”, pcbjm sjr ncrrjtks pkrk jstj prcijsscr j sjus sjeugbcrjs,
ghbjpjhbjhtj bj quîc rjka suks jxpjrgìhngks pkrkhcrmkgs sjlkm.
Ncmc kvkagkr cs cutrcs3 [ukhbc ca`k bj icrk, kaeuçm sjm skfjbcrgk, hîc pcbj jm ejrka
bgijrjhngkr jhtrj sëfgcs, j kqujajs quj sþ ikzjm mkrojtghe prþprgc bj icrmk jspjrtk. Ycnì
prjngsk sj jhvcavjr j pkrtgngpkr. Ncmc sjpkrkr vjrbkbjgrc bj ikasc3 Ycnì prjngsk jxpjrgmjhtkr
pjssckamjhtj k rjkagbkbj mkgcr. Trjngsk nchstrugr nch`jngmjhtc bj sju sjr jspgrgtuka bghæmgnc
(mubk j nrjsnj), j nchigkr jm suk `kfgagbkbj bj bjsncfrgr c quj ç vkagcsc j aunrktgvc pkrk vcnì.
Trjngsk nrjsnjr suk prþprgk skfjbcrgk. ^þ jhtîc pcbjrë kvkagkr c quj nchtjm erkhbj vkacr,
vjrbkbj j nch`jngmjhtc
quj bjspjrbgåk sju tjmpc,pkrk
cu vcnì
pgcr, (tj ikz rjnukr.
tj ikz prcerjbgr hk bgrjåîc
Kssgm, c tjstjbjbcsjus cfljtgvcs
pubgm jstë jmjspgrgtukgs) jc
jxpjrgmjhtë-
ac. Yjrbkbj pjsscka iaug scmjhtj bk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka. Rcbk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj j skfjbcrgk ç
vjrbkbj pjsscka. Kqujajs quj luaekm (c pubgm mjtkiþrgnc) bj icrk, sjm jxpjrgmjhtkr, sjm
jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka, (tgpgnkmjhtj eugkbcs pjak jmcåîc „ mjbc, gehcræhngk j bjsnchicrtc „ hc

pgcr bcs nkscs, jsnkrhjnjbcrjs kmkrecs j nçtgncs vgruajhtcs bj mjhtj ijn`kbk) sîc cs mkgs
cfvgkmjhtj bjagrkhtjs bj tcbcs, ncmc c gmpjrkbcr jm sju mugtc rjspjgtëvja j scngkamjhtj
knjgtëvja trklj hcvc. K bgijrjhåk sjhbc, hjstk sgtukåîc pkrtgnuakr, quj c gmpjrkbcr j sjus mkgs
ajkgs sübgtcs tcbcs uskm c mjsmc kaikgktj katkmjhtj rjncmjhbkbc.
@ë um rjqugsgtc, pkrk k ghnjrtjzk jhvcavjr ks mkhgijstkåújs bc hîc-iísgnc pkrk c iísgnc. Tcr
nkusk bc prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, vcnì ç scagngtkbc ekh`kr nch`jngmjhtc rjka bk HTMV,
ktrkvçs bj suk jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka j nrjsngmjhtc. Kssgm c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk psg ç um
rjqugsgtc iuhbkmjhtka, bj tcbcs cs akfcrktþrgcs bj kprjhbgzkbc jspkåc-tjmpc vgrtukgs TMV. K
rjstrgåîc bk ghnjrtjzk psg, hîc ç puhgtgvk j gmpcstk k vcnì, pcrquj ika`cu hc üatgmc tjstj bj
qukagbkbj, mks sgm umk nkrkntjrístgnk lë prcljtkbk bj suk rjkagbkbj acnka, quj tj icrhjnj þtgmks
cpcrtuhgbkbjs bj fkgxkr suk jhtrcpgk. Hîc autj nchtrk c prghnípgc bk ghnjrtjzk, hîc tjhtj bkr k
vcatk, cu bjsjlj quj icssj bj cutrk icrmk „ vcnì hjnjssgtk bjaj pkrk ncmpajtkr suk mgssîc
jigngjhtjmjhtj. ^j hîc c hjnjssgtkssj, jaj sj bgsscavjrgk.
Erkhbj Yjrbkbj hîc ç kaec quj kaeuçm mkgs pcssk ikzjr vcnì jhtjhbjr, mjsmc sj tj
mcstrkrjm jvjhtcs pkrkhcrmkgs c bgk ghtjgrc. Ycnì pcbj kprjhbjr iktcs scfrj jajs bcs cutrcs j
jsnca`jr knrjbgtkr cu hîc. Nchtubc, tjr nch`jngmjhtc rjka, uskr jstj nch`jngmjhtc ncmc
nktkagzkbcr pkrk k jvcauåîc bc sju sjr, mja`crkr k qukagbkbj j rjbuzgr k jhtrcpgk bj suk
nchsngìhngk, rjqujr quj vcnì sj jhvcavk, j ekh`j nch`jngmjhtc ktrkvçs bk jxpjrgìhngk, jxpjrgìhngk,
jxpjrgmjhtkåîc j nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka. Hîc `ë mkhjgrk iënga. Ycnì tjm bj ikzì-ac? hgheuçm
pcbj ikzjr pcr vcnì. Hîc bë pkrk jsnkpkr, cu bkr k vcatk hk vjrbkbj uhgvjrska, cu prghnípgcs
iuhbkmjhtkgs „ pcbj gehcrë-acs, mks scmjhtj kc nustc bc prcerjssc pjsscka j cpcrtuhgbkbjs
pjrbgbks.
Cs rjqugsgtcs pkrk nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka hc Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc kssgm ncmc pkrk
pjrnjpåîc j iuhngchkagbkbj hk HTMV sîc sgmgakrjs j rjakngchkbcs. Ç c kfkhbchc bc jec j
kpjecs mktjrgkgs, quj prcbuz ks mkgs katks rjakåújs sghka/ruíbc hjnjssërgks, pkrk sjr sjhngjhtj hk
HTMV (vjlk c Nkpítuac 2 hc Agvrc >). Nch`jngmjhtc jspgrgtuka j `kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka hîc
tìm bj cncrrjr luhtcs (ikzjr jstk nchjxîc bjpjhbj bc sju ghtjrjssj, icnc j ghtjhåîc) mks hc
Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc, ncm irjquìhngk jstîc jhtrjakåkbcs. Hcs Nkmgh`cs bc ^jrvgåc j bk
Jhtrjek, `kfgagbkbjs
`kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmkapkrkhcrmkgs pcbjm
hîc sîc akbcs cu bk
cpcstcs hîcmjsmk
sjr jhnchtrkbks.
mcjbk, mksNch`jngmjhtc
sgm ktgvgbkbjsjspgrgtuka
icrtjmjhtjj
rjakngchkbks, quj sj supcrtkm mutukmjhtj. @kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka, ç um sufprcbutc bgspchívja
bc Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc quj vcnì pcbj jsnca`jr gehcrkr.
gehcrkr.
▼ Kghbk quj qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk j `kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka ncm irjquìhngk

cncrrkm luhtks, ncmc ikmíagks j nrgkhåks, hîc sîc bjpjhbjhtjs aþegnks jhtrj sg, j kghbk quj
hcrmkamjhtj rjakngchkbks, umk pcbj cncrrjr ghbjpjhbjhtj bk cutrk. Tkrk sjr ncmpajtc,
bjvjrgk mjhngchkr quj jxgstjm cutrks icrmks mjhcs nchsgstjhtjs j nchtrcaëvjgs, bj ekh`kr
umk jspjníignk (jm cpcsgåîc kc knjssc ejrka k tcbks) `kfgagbkbj pkrkhcrmka, mks gstc hîc
jstë bgrjtkmjhtj hc nkmgh`c bk ncmprjjhsîc bk Fge RCJ, j nchsjqujhtjmjhtj hîc sjrë
bgsnutgbc. ◂
Icnkr, cu sjr kpjekbc, k `kfgagbkbjs pkrkhcrmkgs grë suspjhbjr, rjtkrbkr cu bjejhjrkr sju
prcerjssc jspgrgtuka, kssgm ncmc bjerkbkr ks prþprgks `kfgagbkbjs. C pctjhngka pkrk erkhbj mka-
usc, ç kutcncrrgeívja ncmc ç um ghtjrjssj jm ikzjr bjmchstrkåújs pkrkhcrmkgs, cu truqujs pkrk
ghbgvíbucs nurgcscs, cu bk ngìhngk. Hîc kpjhks ç umk pjrbk bj tjmpc (ncmc bjsnrgtc
prjvgkmjhtj), mks ç tkmfçm kutcagmgtkhtj „ um jhtrkvj ä suk jhjregk j prcerjssc pjsscka. Zm
fcm ktukbcr (prjngsc j nchsgstjhtj), pcbj ktukr scmjhtj jm sjus prþprgcs tjrmcs (c quj pcbj cu
hîc rjqujrjr ghnjrtjzk), j pcbj cu hîc pjrmkhjnjr um fcm ktukbcr (cu pjrmkhjnjr ghtjrjsskbc)
pcr achec tjmpc. Zm suljgtc kpjhks mkreghkamjhtj ghtjrjsskbc, tcrhk bgiínga pkrk um
jxpjrgmjhtkbcr prcbuzgr k prjngsîc, nchsgstìhngk j rjpjtgtgvgbkbj hjnjssërgks pkrk k ngìhngk
cfljtgvk. Jxgstjm jxnjåújs, k jstk rjerk bcs rjtcrhcs bjnrjsnjhtjs hcs jxpjrgmjhtcs
pkrkpsgncaþegncs, mks sîc rkrks.
Zm ktukbcr-psg bgiínga bj ejrjhngkr, hîc jstë hjnjsskrgkmjhtj jsnchbjhbc umk ikatk bj
`kfgagbkbj ncm grrgtkåîc nkprgn`csk. Jxpjrgmjhtkbcrjs nrgkm umk sgtukåîc bgiínga pkrk qukaqujr
um, rjqujrjhbc quj cs ijhòmjhcs hîc-iísgncs sjlkm (sj ncmpcrtjm ncmc) ijhòmjhcs iísgncs.
Rjhtkr nkpturkr (kprgsgchkr) ijhòmjhc um hîc-iísgnc jm umk ekrrkik iísgnk ç hc mja`cr bcs
nkscs, prcfajmëtgnc. Ajmfrk-sj bc Nuray j Akrry tjhtkhbc jhnchtrkr j jstubkr c hîc-iísgnc, ncm
um mgnrcsnþpgc iísgnc3 Hîc iuhngchk.
Cutrc prcfajmk rjakngchkbc, quj tcrhk hcssk khkagsj ngjhtgignk trkbgngchka bcs ijhòmjhcs psg
bgiínjgs bj rjkagzkr, ç k hjnjssgbkbj bj pjricrmkhnj (rjpjtívjgs j mjhsurëvjgs ncmc rjqujrgbc
pjac mçtcbc ngjhtíignc) quj tjhbjm k jhvcavjr (nutunkr) c jec bc suljgtc quj qujr (jstë bgspcstc
k) bjmchstrkr suk `kfgagbkbj. Zm bjsjlc cu hjnjssgbkbj bj ktukr, ejrkamjhtj kumjhtkrë c ruíbc,
c quj kfkgxk k tkxk sghka/ruíbc, quj prcbuz umk ika`k jm ktukr „ gmpctìhngk psg psgncaþegnk.
ssgm, cs mja`crjs ktukbcrjs (tkavjz cs ühgncs erkhbjs ktukbcrjs) sîc kqujajs quj hîc jstîc
krtgnuakrmjhtj ghtjrjsskbcs jm ktukr cu jstîc rjautkhtjs (hîc bgspcstcs) jm ktukr.
ktukr. Bj hcvc,
jxnjåújs k jstk rjerk bj ncmpjtìhngk hîc nccpjrktgvk, pcbjm jxgstgr bj tjmpcs jm tjmpcs, mks
sîc rkrks.
Ycnì pcbj sj tcrhkr um ngjhtgstk kvkhåkbc ajhbc j jstubkhbc agvrcs, mks hîc jspjrj
bjsjhvcavjr umk nchsngìhngk kvkhåkbk (sj tcrhkr jspgrgtukamjhtj kbjptc) jstubkhbc agvrcs, cu
ignkhbc jm vcatk bj um mjstrj jspgrgtuka< vcnì tjm quj sjr, vgvjr, jxpjrgmjhtkr j ghtjrkegr
sufljtgvkmjhtj ncm gstc. Hîc `ë prcnjssc iënga, ktka`c cu scauåîc tçnhgnk. Kåújs kpjhks bk TMV
(jstubkr ijhòmjhcs psg, sjeugr tçnhgnks bj mjbgtkåîc, ajr agvrcs, knrjbgtkr jm qukaqujr ncgsk),
hîc grîc tj kfrgr k HMTV, k mjhcs quj jxpjrgmjhtj nrjsngmjhtc jspgrgtuka j rjbuåîc bk jhtrcpgk
bj
HTMVsuk nchsngìhngk.
k sj nchicrmkrJ sjk icrmk,
tjhtkr jm suk jmjhtj
iuhåîc (ncmc um
prcprgjbkbjs bk `kfgtkhtj bk Takhcaæhbgk)
TMV (ngìhngk, icråkr k
igacscigk, rjkagbkbj
jspkåc-tjmpc >B), jstkrë, ncmc cs ngjhtgstks trkbgngchkgs ktukgs, ghijagz j bjsjspjrkhåkbkmjhtj
tjhtkhbc icråkr c prcvjrfgka nkmjac HTMV ktrkvçs bc ca`c bk keua`k TMV.
Ks jxpjrgìhngks quj prjngsk pkrk nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk kpkrjnjm tcbcs cs
bgks. C quj prjngsk pkrk kprjhbjr j jvcaugr sju sjr hîc-iísgnc hîc ç um sjerjbc quj jstë
jsnchbgbc bk vgstk. Ç sju jsicråc, bgrjåîc j ghtjhåîc quj bjtjrmghkm ncmc utgagzkr, kfrkåkr cu
jvgtkr ks cpcrtuhgbkbjs, jxpjrgìhngks j ghicrmkåújs bgspchívjgs. ^jr mjhtj-kfjrtk j bgspcstc k
jxpjrgmjhtkr pjssckamjhtj, kssgm ncmc ncacnkr jsicråc nchsgbjrëvja ç k ühgnk icrmk bj ikzjr
prcerjssc sçrgc, kc achec bc Nkmgh`c bc Nch`jngmjhtc. Tcr sjr irjqujhtjmjhtj sufljtgvk (hîc
mktjrgka bc quka k ngìhngk erupka ç trkbgngc-hkamjhtj ijgtk) k jxpjrgmjhtkåîc rjqujr
ncmprcmgssc bj nchtghukr trkfka`khbc j kprjhbjhbc, ktç quj tjh`k bjsjhvcavgbc nch`jngmjhtc
j ncmprjjhsîc
Trcerjssc suigngjhtjs,
sufstkhng
sufstkhngka pkrk prcbuzgrsufstkhngka
ka rjqujr ncmprcmgssc rjsuatkbcs„ ncmc
cfljtgvcs quj pcsskm
c ncmprcmgssc sjr vkagbkbcs.
hjnjssërgc pkrk gr
bk jsncak ktç k uhgvjrsgbkbj, ncmc c ncmprcmgssc pkrk sj tcrhkr um musgnc bj tkajhtc. Rcbcs
pcbjm ikzjr, mks hjm tcbcs grîc ikzjr.
▼ Hjstj pchtc sjrgk ütga k vcnì bjsjhvcavjr um sjhtgbc mkgs nchnrjtc bk HTMV. Jstj
nurtc kpkrtj cijrjnjrë umk bjsnrgåîc bk HTMVH j sjus `kfgtkhtjs, quj pcbjm klubë-ac k vjr
k HTMV bjhtrc bj umk pjrspjntgvk mkgcr j mkgs sþagbk.
Ks icrmks bj vgbk hk HTMVH pkrjnjm sjr mugtc mkgs vkrgkbks j kfuhbkhtjs bc quj sîc
hk TMV. Hjm tcbks ks jhtgbkbjs `kfgtkhbc k HTMVH sîc sjhngjhtjs „ kaeumks sîc
jajmjhtkgs. C fcm, c mku j c ijgc „ kssgm ncmc c aghbc „ tcbcs jxgstjm aë. Jxgstj vgcaìhngk
j jxgstj pkz, jxpacrkåîc j prjsjhtjs. Ycnì pcbj sj mknùnkr (kutc ghiagegbc cu pjak kåîc bj
cutrcs) cu mjsmc mcrtc, kghbk quj sjlk mugtc gmprcvëvja „ jxgstjm rjerks jstrgtks
rjeuakhbc vgcaìhngk. Mcrtj ç pcr bjsksscngkåîc cu pjrbk bk suk crekhgzkåîc ghtjrhk. ûk
gbjhtgbkbj ç bgsscavgbk, sj suk jhjregk ç rjbuzgbk kc jstkbc bj mëxgmk jhtrcpgk,
kprcxgmkhbc c jstkbc ighka prjbgtc pjak sjeuhbk ajg bk tjrmcbghæmgnk. Ksscngj gstc, ncm
bjsmkehjtgzkr um bgsnc iajxívja.
Mcrtj bj umk jhtgbkbj ç kaec jxnjpngchkamjhtj rkrc. ^j icssj knchtjnjr k vcnì, njsskrgk
bj jxgstgr hkqujak rjkagbkbj pkrtgnuakrmjhtj bgmjhsgchkbk, kssgm ncmc jm cutrks rjkagbkbjs
rjakngchkbks „ c nþbgec j mjmþrgk quj tj bjighjm, umk vjz ncmpajtkmjhtj rjmjxgbcs,
sjrgkm bjajtkbcs bk sgmuakåîc. ûk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk ktuka, sjrgk mkhtgbk ncmc pkrtj
bc rjegstrc `gstþrgnc (üatgmc krqugvc skavc), mks vcnì hîc sjrgk mkgs pkrtj bj umk rjkagbkbj
ghtjrktgvk rjkagzëvja ktgvk? vcnì hîc mkgs jvcaugrgk hkqujak rjkagbkbj, ‑vcnì lë jrk”. Tcbjrgk
tjcrgnkmjhtj sjr rjnchstgtuíbc k pkrtgr bc krqugvc `gstþrgnc, mks ju huhnk vg gstc knchtjnjr,
j suspjgtc quj sjlk mkgs rkrc quj rkrc. Rjrgk bj sjr umk bjngsîc bc N`jiîc, j
ncmpajtkmjhtj bjpjhbjhtj bks ngrnuhstæhngks bj suk mcrtj. Jxgstjm kpjhks pcunks
ngrnuhstæhngks chbj kcs rktcs j khtg-rktcs ç pjrmgtgbc (pjaks rjerks), bjstrugr um kc cutrc
pjrmkhjhtjmjhtj.
Ghijagzmjhtj, kaeumks vjzjs ks rjerks bk HTMV sîc qujfrkbks, kssgm ncmc ks ajgs bc
sju jstkbc j hkåîc ks vjzjs sîc, hk TMV. [ujm qujfrk ks rjerks, kaeumks vjzjs ç pjec j
tjm bj pkekr c prjåc, j ks vjzjs sj skik. Ktç chbj sjg, scmjhtj c N`jiîc pcbj jxjnutkr umk
pjhk nkpgtka, pcr cijhsks jspjngignks. Hîc jxgstjm kbvcekbcs, vcnì kprjsjhtk sju prþprgc
nksc „ tcbks ks suks kåújs j mctgvkåújs sîc trkhspkrjhtjs. Nkbk kåîc j jvjhtc (ghicrmkåîc
cu trkhsijrìhngk bj jhjregk) ç krmkzjhkbk jm mjmþrgk j nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, c quj
knchtjnju jxktkmjhtj j pcrquj knchtjnju jstë sjmprj bgspchívja pkrk khkagsj pþs jvjhtc.
K vjrbkbj hîc pcbj sjr jijtgvkmjhtj jsnchbgbk? mjhtgrks sîc sjmprj nchtrkprcbunjhtjs.
Cutrks HMTVs ejrkamjhtj hîc sîc tîc jstruturkbks, pkníignks, kmgeëvjgs, prcbutgvks, cu
sjeurks ncmc k HTMVH. Hk HTMVH `ë mugtcs pkrksgtks, mkn`cs, iìmjks, hjutrcs,
vkajhtújs j trkfka`kbcrjs scngkgs „ `ë mcrtj hîc hkturka j jmprjec, mks hjhùmk mcrtj
hkturka cu gmpcstcs. Hgheuçm jhvja`jnj „ scmjhtj sj tcrhk mkgs cu mjhcs nch`jnjbcr,
pcbjrcsc, kmcrcsc, nugbkbcr, jqugagfrkbc, ncmpkssgvc, ùmgabj, sëfgc, mjbrcsc, nkrjhtj,
ekhkhngcsc, vgcajhtc, pjrvjrsc, jecístk, nchtrcakbcr cu mkhgpuakbcr.
Jhtrj sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, `ë mugtc mkgcr vkrgkåîc jm qukagbkbj bc quj `ë hk TMV. ^jrjs
j cutrcs cfljtcs hk HTMVH, sîc jhjregk bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk j tìm, ncrpcs
ksscngkbcs cu icrmks bj vërgcs icrmktcs j tkmkh`cs. K jxpjrgìhngk pjrnjptgvk bjstjs ncrpcs
hîc-iísgncs, ç bjighgbk pjac nchluhtc-bj-rjerks quj kssjhtk ks ajgs bj sjr j bj ghtjrkegr hk
HTMV (k iísgnk bk HTMV). Tcr jxjmpac, bjhtrc bj umk fusnk sjhscrgka (umk nchsuatk „
qujry „ jspjníignk ä um sufnchluhtc bk fksj bj bkbcs HTMV bjhtrc bc RFN), bks pkrtjs
hîc-iísgnks bcs sjrjs j cfljtcs iísgncs, `ë vkrgkåîc jm bjhsgbkbjs kpkrjhtjs bks icrmks.
Mkgs bjhsc ç ksscngkbc k nchsngìhngk mkgs cpknk (mjhcs frga`khtj), mkgcr jhtrcpgk, j mkgcr
nchtjübc bj jec j mjbc.
Jm bgijrjhtjs fusnks sjhscrgkgs (bgijrjhtjs igatrcs bj nchsuatk „ qujrgjs „ kpagnkbcs kc
mjsmc sufnchluhtc bk fksj bj bkbcs HTMV), mkgs bjhsc ghbgnk umk mkgcr prcfkfgagbkbj
bj jstkr mkhgijstkbc, cu mkhtjr k mkhgijstkåîc bjhtrc bc iísgnc. Hjstk fusnk (trkfka`khbc
prgmkrgkmjhtj ncm um sufnchluhtc bcs bkbcs quj bjsnrjvjm j jspjngignkm k rjegîc bj
trkhsgåîc jhtrj c hîc-iísgnc j iísgnc), qukhtc mkgs bjhsk k jhjregk pkrjnj, mkgs sþagbc c
cfljtc pkrjnj sjr. Mkgs ‑m” hîc-iísgnk rjqujr, cu krmkzjhk, mkgs ‑J” pctjhngka hîc-iísgnk
(J ncmc jm J=m*n6) j rjqujr mkgs Icråk (jhjregk mjhtka icnkbk ncm ghtjhåîc), pkrk
mcbgignkr sju jstkbc prjsjhtj, rjaktgvc k sju rjngpgjhtj bgmjhsgchka jxgstjhtj (ncmc jm
I=m*k).
Jm cutrks pkakvrks, jhjregk mjhtka ighkmjhtj icnkagzkbk kpagnkbk pjak ghtjhåîc (I) pcbj
mcbgignkr k ghjrngk, bjhsgbkbj, ncjrìhngk cu pjrsgstìhngk (m) bj umk icrmk-pjhskmjhtc,
rjstrgheghbc k bgmjhsîc hk quka jak pcbj sjr jxgstjhtj, ncmc umk iuhåîc bc tjmpc. Hk
TMV, hcssc rjngpgjhtj bgmjhsgchka ç c jspkåc-tjmpc, ncmc bjighgbc pjac NbV jspkåc-
tjmpc, kssgm ‑I” mcbgignk k jxgstìhngk bj ‑m” pcr rjstrghegr (bjighgr) suk pcsgåîc >B, ncmc
umk iuhåîc bc tjmpc pkrk um nchluhtc pkrtgnuakr bj vkacrjs.
Ks buks jqukåújs hc pkrëerkic kngmk, rjprjsjhtkm buks rjerks bjhtrc bc hcssc NbV
jspkåc-tjmpc TMV, quj bîc umk gbjgk kprcxgmkbk bks rjerks mkgs ejrkgs quj sj kpagnkm
bjhtrc bk HTMV. Jm kmfks ks rjkagbkbjs, ghbuzgr mubkhåk, ç c tgpc bj ijhòmjhc, chbj k
icråk jhnchtrk k ghçrngk (rjsgstìhngk k mubkhåk).
Ks kpkrìhngks vgsukgs bk mkssk hîc-iísgnk, ncrpcs bjaghjkbcs j vërgks bjhsgbkbjs bj
jhjregk j prcfkfgagbkbj bjhtrc bk HTMV, sîc rjsuatkbc j nchsjquìhngk bc nchluhtc-bj-
rjerks HTMV quj bjighj k nkuskagbkbj kag, j k icrmk pkrtgnuakr ncmc kqujajs quj vjjm,
ghtjrprjtkm k ghicrmkåîc rjnjfgbk. Ncmc hk TMV, tcmk jsicråc j trjghkmjhtc pkrk
kssjeurkr quj ks ghtjrprjtkåújs pjssckgs bcs bkbcs (jxpjrgìhngk) hîc tìm vgjsjs, ç
ghbjpjhbjhtj bc mçtcbc bj ncajtk, hîc ç umk nchstruåîc bk pjrnjpåîc agmgtkbk, j hîc
mcbgignk c nchtjübc bcs bkbcs. K icrmk bcs bkbcs (ncmc jajs sîc ghtjrhkagzkbcs jm
jxpjrgìhngk pjsscka) ç suljgtk k ghtjrprjtkåîc ghbgvgbuka j, pcrtkhtc, hîc ç pkrtgnuakrmjhtj
gmpcrtkhtj. C nchtjübc, mjhskejm cu sgehgignkbc bcs bkbcs, nchtubc, ç c mjsmc pkrk
tcbcs ncm umk nchjxîc mjhtka nakrk j hîc tjhbjhngcsk. Erkhbj Yjrbkbj ç uhgvjrska? k
jxpjrgìhngk bj kaeuçm scfrj jak ç sjmprj pjsscka.
Ncmc, pcrquj tcbcs jstîc fcnjlkhbc j ghbc ncmjr kaec kc mjsmc tjmpc3 Co, prcmjtc,
sjm mkgs tkekrjagnj tjnhcgbj scfrj icråks j ghjrngk „ vkmcs vcatkr kc fësgnc. Aë jstë vcnì
hkvjekhbc, j vì umk rjprjsjhtkåîc vgsuka bj um sufnchluhtc bj mktçrgk hîc-iísgnk, quj jstë
khjxc k (cu ç pkrtj bj) umk jhtgbkbj iísgnk TMV pkrtgnuakr. ^j jstk ncgsk-bkbc-jhjregk-
mktçrgk hîc-iísgnk tjm, hk HTMV kpkrìhngk bj mkgcr bjhsgbkbj, gstc sgehgignk quj jak tjm
umk jxpjntktgvk mkgs katk (mjhcs ghnjrtk), bj sj mkhgijstkr ncmc pkrtj bkqujak jhtgbkbj
TMV iísgnk.
Zm jxjmpac jspjníignc pcbjrgk klubkr.
klubkr. ^j c kspjntc hîc iísgnc bj um tumcr njrjfrka
pkrjnj sjr igsgnkmjhtj.
mkhgijstkr mugtc bjhsc, jstj mkgcr
[ukhtc tumcr,k cu lë sjbjhsgbkbj
kpkrjhtj mkhgijstcu, cu jstëbjhcumk
bj jhjregk prcnjssc
jhtgbkbjbjhîc-
sj
iísgnk (tumcr ghngpgjhtj), mkgs jhjregk pcr tjmpc uhgtërgc sjrë hjnjssërgk, pkrk kijtkr
sgehgignkhtjmjhtj cu mcbgignkr k jxpjntktgvk bkqujaj cfljtc sj mkhgijstkr, bjhtrc bk
rjkagbkbj iísgnk. Bj hcvc, tumcrjs quj pkrjnjm mugtc bjhscs qukhbc vgstcs bj umk
pjrspjntgvk hîc-iísgnk, tìm umk prcfkfgagbkbj mkgs katk bj sjrjm rjkagzkbcs hk TMV, j sîc
mugtc mkgs bgiínjgs (rjqujrjm mkgs jhjregk) pkrk sjr bgssgpkbcs.
Tcr quj kaeuçm grgk qujrjr bgssgpkr k pkrtj hîc-iísgnk bj um tumcr iísgnc cu prç-iísgnc3
Hk ^jåîc 2 bjsncfrgrjmcs, quj k rjkagbkbj iísgnk ç umk mkhgijstkåîc sjnuhbërgk, tctkamjhtj
bjpjhbjhtj bk ichtj prgmërgk hîc iísgnk. K gmpagnkåîc ç bj quj tumcrjs bgssgpkbcs bjhtrc
bc hîc-iísgnc, grîc sj bgssgpkr tkmfçm hc iísgnc. Rjhbc bgtc gstc, bjgxj-mj kbgngchkr
tkmfçm quj ghtjrijrgr ncm cs rjsuatkbcs hkturkgs bc akfcrktþrgc bj kprjhbgzkbc TMV
(prcpcsgtkamjhtj katjrkr vkacrjs bj jxpjntktgvks) hjm sjmprj ç umk fck ncgsk. K kpagnkåîc
bj erkhbj pcbjr, bjvj sjr tjmpjrkbk ncm erkhbj skfjbcrgk.
Tjhsj scfrj k bjhsgbkbj kpkrjhtj bj jhjregk hîc-iísgnk, ncmc sj tgvjssj ks prcprgjbkbjs
qukagtktgvks ncmfghkbks, bk pjrsgstìhngk j ghçrngk „ pcbjr bj pjrmkhìhngk, rjsgstìhngk k
mubkhåk, pjsc j k `kfgagbkbj bj scfrjvgvjr j pjrsgstgr, scf k ncjråîc bj icråks jxtjrhks.
Bjhtrc bks rjkagbkbjs chbj k jhjregk pkrjnj mkgs bjhsk (ks TMVo), ç chbj mubkhåk ç
rjaktgvkmjhtj ajhtk, nchstkhtj j sukvj? jxgstìhngk ç rjaktgvkmjhtj sgmpajs, fësgnk j jstëvja? j
ghtjrkåújs jhtrj sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, ç rjaktgvkmjhtj ghjaëstgnk, vgsncsk j pjeklcsk.
Jstk bjsnrgåîc bk mktçrgk cu mkssk hîc-iísgnk, quj vgsukamjhtj pkrjnj bjighgr ks
irchtjgrks j ncmpcr cs ncrpcs bj tcbks ks jhtgbkbjs (sjhngjhtjs j hîc-sjhngjhtjs), jm tjrmcs
bj bjhsgbkbj bj jhjregk pjrsgstìhngk j ghçrngk, ç mugtc sgmpagignkbk. Jstcu bjsnrjvjhbc
kpjhks um bgmghutc pjbkåc, bcs mjnkhgsmcs bj pjrnjpåîc bgspchívjgs bjhtrc bk HTMV „
c nchluhtc bj nchsuatks (qujrgjs) j igatrcs, quj pcbjm sjr kpagnkbcs kcs bkbcs bjhtrc bc
RFN j JFN. Jstkmcs ikakhbc kqug scfrj c nchluhtc-bj-rjerks, quj bjighj ks prcprgjbkbjs,
qukagbkbj j agmgtkåújs bj hcssk pjrnjpåîc bks ghtjrkåújs, bcs sjrjs j cfljtcs ncm cutrcs
sjrjs j cfljtcs bjhtrc bk HTMV. Jstks sîc rjerks quj bjighjm ncmc pjrnjfjmcs, cs
pcssívjgs nchluhtcs-bj-erkvkåújs, quj sîc rjsuatkbcs bj hcssk nchsuatk, kssgm ncmc ks
rjerks quj bjighjm ks prcprgjbkbjs, icrmk j agmgtkåújs bj nchtjübc bk ghicrmkåîc
trkhsijrívja, j quj bjighjm ks trkhsijrìhngks bj jhjregk pjrmgssívjgs (ghtjrkåújs) jhtrj cs
lcekbcrjs.
Ks ‑bgijrjhtjs vgstks” bj quj ikajg kngmk, sîc ncmc ca`kr pkrk c mjsmc ncrpc cu pkrtj
bjaj, ncm cs ca`cs hus, ncm um rkgc x, um tcmþerkic, um tjrmcerkmk cu um uatrksscm.
Nkbk vgstk rjqujr suk prþprgk ghtjrprjtkåîc `kfgagtkbk, khtjs quj cs bkbcs pcsskm sjr
nchvjrtgbcs jm ghicrmkåîc ütga. Ç mugtc mkgs ncmc ca`kr pkrk k mjsmk fksj bj bkbcs,
ktrkvçs bj vërgcs igatrcs (qujrgjs) bgijrjhtjs bj nchsuatk.
Rjhtkr vjr cu ncmprjjhbjr um sgstjmk mkgs ejrka, bk pjrspjntgvk bj um sufnchluhtc
mjhcr j mkgs rjstrgtc bkqujaj sgstjmk, ç sjmprj tîc bgiínga, ncmc ç iënga gr hk bgrjåîc cpcstk.
Ekh`kr ncmpajtkmjhtj k pjrspjntgvk mkgs kmpak, bj umk fkgxk jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk
bjhtrc bk HTMV, tcrhk k ncmprjjhsîc j ctgmgzkåîc bk jxpjrgìhngk TMV, quksj trgvgka. Tkrk
tka nchsngìhngk, k vgbk hk TMV sj tcrhk trkhspkrjhtj j sgmpajs, rjncmpjhskbcrk j bgvjrtgbk,
prcbutgvk j sgehgignktgvk. C akfgrghtc surprjjhbjhtj, sj tcrhk um bjskigc mkrkvga`cskmjhtj
jxngtkhtj j bgvjrtgbc, quj ignk nkbk vjz mkgs iënga, ä mjbgbk quj jhtrjek um suprgmjhtc sjm
igm bj qujglcs rjqughtkbcs.
^jg quj mugtc
ncmprjjhbjrjm, bc hîc
pcrquj quj ç tjh`c bjsnrgtc,
pcssívja tjr umkç gbjgk
prþxgmc bc gmpcssívja
bcs jspjníigncs scfrj pkrk
c qujmugtcs
jstcu
ikakhbc, sjm jxpjrgmjhtkr bj icrmk bgrjtk jm prgmjgrk mîc hk HTMV. Nchtubc, mjsmc
hîc tjhbc jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtk bk HTMV, tjh`c jspjrkhåk quj vcnì pcssk nkpturkr um skfcr
cu krcmk, umk gbjgk, um sjhtgbc ghtugtgvc, bj ncmc sîc ks ghtjrkåújs bjhtrc bk HTMV. Jaks
sîc sgmgakrjs ks ghtjrkåújs hk TMV, mks ncm um mkgs kmpac, mjhcs agmgtkbc knjssc k
ghicrmkåîc, j um bgijrjhtj nchluhtc-bj-rjerks iísgnks j scngkgs (ajg ghtjrhkngchka, ajg acnka j
iísgnk). Gstc ç tubc. ◂
K igm bj nchstrugr hcvcs nchnjgtcs, hîc `ë cutrc mçtcbc jxnjtc kachekr nchnjgtcs j
mjtëicrks jxgstjhtjs, kaçm bc sju usc ktuka „ kaçm bk suk kpagnkfgagbkbj ncmum. Ç pcr gstc quj
trkhsnjhbjr pkrkbgemks, ç jxnjpngchkamjhtj bgiínga. Ycnì prjngsk pcr bjighgåîc ncmjåkr, ncm
ijrrkmjhtks nchnjgtukgs ghkbjqukbks pkrk c trkfka`c, j bj kaeumk icrmk bjsjhvcavjr k
pjrspjntgvk, quj sj sgtuk hjnjsskrgkmjhtj kaçm bk sgmpajs jxtrkpcakåîc aghjkr. Trjngsk ncmfghkr
umk síhtjsj nrgktgvk bj vja`ks gbjgks ncm ghtugåîc ghspgrkbk, pkrk jhnchtrkr hcvcs pkrkbgemks,
quj sîc hkbk mjhcs quj umk hcvk, mkgs ncmpajtk, mkgs iuhngchka, j mkgs kmpak vgsîc bk
rjkagbkbj „ umk crekhgzkåîc mkgs aunrktgvk bcs bkbcs bgspchívjgs.
Tkrk cftjr um vgsaumfrj bk ngìhngk bk HTMV, vcnì prjngsk bj um nchnjgtc ejrka mkgs
kmpac, bc quj k mkgcrgk bj hþs jstë kncstumkbc k uskr. Mj bcu nchtk, quj mkssk hîc-iísgnk sck
tkhtc nchtrkbgtþrgc ncmc kpjhks gmfjnga, mks jak trkhsmgtj c sjhtgbc qukagtktgvc, bkqugac quj
jstcu tjhtkhbc jxpagnkr, mja`cr bc quj qukaqujr cutrk pkakvrk quj pcssk ajmfrkr. Tcr jxjmpac,
jstj nchnjgtc gmpagnk quj cs ncrpcs iísgncs, jxgfjm umk erkhbj ghjrngk cu rjsgstìhngk k mubkhåk
jhjreçtgnk (jhjregk mjhtka bgrgegbk pjak ghtjhåîc nchsngjhtj), quj ncrpcs hîc-iísgncs. Rkmfçm
gmpagnk quj jstj iktc, ç c rjsuatkbc bj ncmc cs vërgcs nchluhtcs-bj-rjerks bjighjm j rjstrghejm,
ks ghtjrkåújs bk nchsngìhngk bjhtrc, j jhtrj nkbk sufnchluhtc bk rjkagbkbj cu bgmjhsîc. Tjhsj
hcs nchluhtcs-bj-rjerk ncmc igatrcs, quj bjighjm suk ghtjrkåîc jhjreçtgnk ncm cs bkbcs. Ycnì
pcbj tjr prgvgaçegcs (kutcrgzkåîc, knjssc) scmjhtj bj ajgturk, cu tkmfçm bj jsnrjvjr j mcbgignkr.
Tkrk kqujajs sjm jxpjrgìhngk jm prgmjgrk mîc hk HTMV, sjm jxpjrgìhngk bj nchsuatks
(qujrgjs) k fksjs bj bkbcs, j quj lë jsqujnjrkm iísgnk fësgnk ikz tjmpc, c quj jxpagqujg kngmk,
sjm büvgbk pkrjnj vkec, krnkhc j bjsjspjrkhåkbkmjhtj cpknc. Rkmfçm sjg quj k mkgcrgk bcs
ajgtcrjs jstë sjeughbc k bjrgvk, hc sgmgakr fkrnc bk ikatk-bj-jxpjrgìhngk-HTMV. Hîc ç pkrk sj
prjcnupkr, hîc jstë pjrbgbc sjm jspjrkhåk< tubc c quj qujrc quj vcnì ajvj bjstk bgsnussîc, ç
umk sjhskåîc quj k HTMV ncmc k TMV, ç umk rjkagbkbj jstruturkbk, fksjkbk-jm-rjerks,
cfljtgvk j nkuska, j quj suk iísgnk ç um supjr-nchluhtc bk iísgnk bk TMV (kfrkhej jstk üatgmk).
[ujrc quj tjh`k um sjhsc vkec bj quj ks rjerks, j c sjrjs, cfljtcs, j jhjregk, quj bjvjm
cfjbjnjr kqujaks rjerks hk HTMV, sîc sgmgakrjs ks bk TMV, kpjhks mkgs ejrkgs (mkgs ncgsks sîc
pjrmgtgbks, c prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc tjm mkgs erkus bj agfjrbkbj, j ks pcssgfgagbkbjs bj
jxgstìhngk hk icrmk bj nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks, mjhcs rjstrghegbk). Hk ^jåîc 2, nchluhtcs-bj-
rjerks, j ncmc jajs bjighjm k jxpjrgìhngk quj pjrnjfjmcs ncmc rjkagbkbj (tkhtc iísgnk ncmc
hîc-iísgnk), sîc bgsnutgbcs jm bjtka`js.
Kn`c quj vcnì nkptcu k gmkejm< Hþs sjrjs kpkrjhtjmjhtj iísgncs scmcs mugtc bjhscs „ sjm
qukaqujr büvgbk, jstkmcs jhtrj cs mkgs bjhscs bjhtrc bk HTMVH! Jstk sjhskåîc bk pkakvrk
‑bjhsc” jhnkgxk ncmc umk auvk, hîc3
Ykmcs ikzjr umk frjvj pkusk. Trjngsc ikakr ncm cs tgpcs tçnhgncs pcr um mcmjhtc< cs
rjstkhtjs
jsqujrbcspcbjm puakr jstj
hk kubgìhngk kpkrtj prjngskm
bk ajgturk j hcs jspjrkr kc kqug
vgr ktç ighka„„prjngskmcs
kankhåkrjmcs vcnìs aë. Co, cs nçrjfrc-
ikakr.
▼Igqujg skfjhbc bj mgh`ks ichtjs scf bgsikrnj, quj kaeuhs bcs tjnhcgbjs sj sjhtjm,
ncmc sj jstgvjssjm sjeurkhbc, um sknc n`jgc bj qujstújs hîc rjspchbgbks. Jstcu ngjhtj
quj mgh`k bgsnussîc tjm sgbc rëpgbk j rksk. Gstc cncrrj, pcrquj prcpcsgtkamjhtj cmgtg mugtc
bk akreurk kssgm ncmc bc bjtka`j, jm quj vcnìs tgpcs-quj-kmkm-bjtka`js, ecstkm bj
ncacnkr suks mîcs. Jstk trgacegk hîc ç c auekr pkrk jssj hívja bj bjtka`j „ jak lë ç mugtc
achek, ncacnk tjhsîc jm um rkzcëvja pjrícbc bj ktjhåîc, j sjrgkmjhtj bjskigk quj sj
mkhtjh`k icnkbc, hc bjsbcfrkmjhtc aþegnc bcs nchnjgtcs njhtrkgs. Bjmksgkbc bjtka`j, njbc
bjmkgs, ç quksj sjmprj nchtrkprcbunjhtj.
Ajmfrj-sj quj agvrcs bj ngìhngk iísgnk (iísgnk fësgnk pkrk hîc-tjnhcgbjs) quj bgsnutjm
bghæmgnk bj trkljtþrgk fkaístgnk, prcpcsgtkamjhtj hjeagejhngkm mjhngchkr ghtjrkåújs
ktmcsiçrgnks (irgnåîc bc kr cu vkrgkåújs bj tjmpjrkturk j bjhsgbkbj), erkvgtkåîc hîc
uhgicrmj, jijgtc Ncrgcags j bgspjrsîc fkaístgnk, pcrquj kpjhks pcunks pjsscks kc hívja
ghtrcbutþrgc, qujrjm skfjr tkhtc scfrj gstc, cu tìm fksj pkrk jhtjhbjr jstks ncgsks. Ncmc j
pcrquj jstks nchsgbjrkåújs mkgs prjngsks j knurkbks, bjsnrjvjm mkgs prjngskmjhtj k
rjkagbkbj, hîc ç bj ghtjrjssj. K mkgcrgk prjijrj mkgs nchsjeugr cs nchnjgtcs fësgncs bj fkgxk
igbjagbkbj, bj icrmk quj pcsskm ncmprjjhbjr kprcxgmkbkmjhtj cs nchnjgtcs prghngpkgs,
sjm jstkr suljgtcs kcs bjtka`js n`ktcs, quj sîc bjgxkbcs kcs jspjngkagstks. Hkbk pjsscka? ç
kssgm quj k mkgcrgk bks pjsscks nçrjfrc-bgrjgtc hîc-tçnhgnks sj sjhtj scfrj gstc.
Jxpacrkr ngjhtgignk j nugbkbcskmjhtj (jxpjrgmjhtkr) k rjkagbkbj mkgcr bk nchsngìhngk,
bjhtrc bks bgsngpaghks mjtkiísgnks bk ncsmcacegk, chtcacegk j jpgstjmcacegk, ç kaec quj k
mkgcrgk bcs ajgtcrjs jstë prjpkrkbk pkrk agbkr (tìm ks ijrrkmjhtks cu jxpjrgìhngk pkrk
jhtjhbjr), kpjhks kc hívja ghtrcbutþrgc cu ghgngka bj jxpakhkåîc. ^jhtgr quj vcnì pcbjrgk bkr
um skatc egekhtj kbgkhtj, sj tgvjssj umk bjsnrgåîc tçnhgnk mkgs bjtka`kbk (mktjmëtgnk) bk
iísgnk bk HTMV, j bk irchtjgrk HTMV-TMV, ç um jrrc cu ìhiksj j ncmprjjhsîc icrk bj
auekr. Hîc ç kí quj jak bjvjrgk jstkr.
Iísgnk mktjmëtgnk rjprjsjhtkm k aþegnk (jm icrmk sgmfþagnk) bk pjqujhk vgsîc. Rjmcs
mcstrkbc rjpjtgtgvkmjhtj quj k ncmprjjhsîc, aþegnk j nkuskagbkbj bk pjqujhk vgsîc, hîc
pcbjm ajvkr k ncmprjjhsîc, aþegnk j nkuskagbkbj bk Ygsîc Kmpak Kmpak.. Aþegnk bk pjqujhk
vgsîc, pcbj ajvkr k umk mja`cr ncmprjjhsîc bk pjqujhk vgsîc. Ycnì hîc pcbj tgrkr um
jajikhtj bj umk nkstkh`k,
nkstkh`k, tkhtc qukhtc hîc pcbj acegnkmjhtj bjrgvkr k Ygsîc Kmpak k pkrtgr
bk pjqujhk vgsîc.
Ajmfrk bc Nuray j bc Akrry, prcnurkhbc pjac mgnrcsnþpgc hîc-iísgnc ghvgsívja3
Mjtkicrgnkmjhtj ikakhbc, c mgnrcsnþpgc hîc-iísgnc ç suk mjhtj, j jqukåújs hîc pcbjrîc
klubkr k jvcauí-ak. Jaks pcbjm klubë-ac k ncmprjjhbjr j mkhgpuakr k HTMV, mks ncacnkr
jstk nkrrcåk, hk irjhtj bj sju nkvkac qukagbkbj-nchsngìhngk, hîc tj ajvk k auekr hjhùm.
Rcbcs jstkrgkm mja`cr ktjhbgbcs, sj vcnì icnkr jm, j ktghegr, scauåújs pjssckgs, khtjs bj
tjhtkr icnkr cu ktghegr scauåújs tçnhgnks.
Trgmjgrks ncgsks khtjs! Jhektgh`j… jhtîc khbj… jhtîc ncrrk! ^jg quj vcnì qujr ncrrjr
kghbk quj mka, pcrquj ncrrjr ç cfvgkmjhtj supjrgcr k jhektgh`kr cu nkmgh`kr, mks sj tjhtkr
ncrrjr khtjs bj jstkr prchtc, vkg sgmpajsmjhtj nkgr bj nkrk j prcvkvjamjhtj n`jekr k
nchnausîc jrròhjk, bj quj ncrrjr ç gmpcssívja. Jstj ç um rjsuatkbc pgcr bc quj sj irustrkr,
pcrquj
nkvkacs,hîc
hk nchsjeuj
tjhtktgvk ncrrjr kecrk.prjmkturkmjhtj,
bj ncrrjr Tcr quj3 Tcrqujpcbj
ncacnkr k nkrrcåk
bkhgignkr tîc hk irjhtj bcs
pjrmkhjhtjmjhtj suk
`kfgagbkbj bj lkmkgs jstkr prchtc pkrk ncrrjr.
Jg, tjhtjg gstc ju mjsmc „ ncrrjr hîc iuhngchk! Ç tubc umk pga`k bj jstrumj! Hîc ç
kpjhks gmpcssívja, mks pjrgecsc tkmfçm! Tjsscks quj bgzjm quj pcbjm ncrrjr sîc
bjagrkhtjs, acuncs cu jecístks, tjhtkhbc gmprjssgchkr kcs bjmkgs! Nugbkbc! Hîc bj ktjhåîc
k umk pkakvrk bgstc „ knrjbgtj jm mgm hjstj nksc, tjh`c jxpjrgìhngk jm prgmjgrk mîc „
vjlk jstj ca`c prjtc j hkrgz rkakbc. Huhnk mkgs vcu tjhtkr ncrrjr bj hcvc! [ukaqujr um quj
tjhtj, ç gbgctk cu fcfc”.
@umkhcs bj cgtc mjsjs kaeumks vjzjs sj sjhtjm kssgm, mks jajs nchtghukm tjhtkhbc,
pcrquj c sunjssc bcs cutrcs bjhtrc bj suk rjkagbkbj iísgnk, ignk jvjhtukamjhtj ghjeëvja. Tcr
cutrc akbc, ghtjajntukgs quj jstîc ncmprcmjtgbcs k lustgignkr suks nrjhåks nuaturkgs,
cnksgchkamjhtj sj tcrhkm nkmpjújs bk hjekåîc, k igm bj nchvjhnjr k sg mjsmcs quj suk
gehcræhngk, jm vjz bk nrjhåk, ç k gausîc.
Nkrkmfk, jstks krmkbga`ks bj nrjhåk sîc ghnrívjgs „ pcbjm trkhsmutkr sgmpajs
gehcræhngk j ghncmpjtìhngk, jm jstupgbjz njek jm um iaks`. Kecrk quj lë vgmcs k
krmkbga`k, j scaungchkmcs c prcfajmk bc sknc bj pjreuhtks ajvkhbc k jak, vkmcs hcs luhtkr
kcs bjmkgs, j sjeugr ncm hcssk jxpacrkåîc.
Gstc ç tubc qukhtc k nchvjrsk bj ncrkåîc pkrk ncrkåîc, tçnhgnc pkrk tçnhgnc „ bj umk
rjspgrkbk prciuhbk j bjgxj gr. Jstkmcs ghtjhngchkamjhtj pksskhbc ajvjmjhtj (rcåkhbc) pjac
tcpc kqug? gstc ç um nursc bj vgsîc ejrka hc hívja ;4;, hîc umk bgssjrtkåîc bj pþs-
bcutcrkbc. ◂
K HTMVH hîc ç um auekr bgijrjhtj, sjpkrkbc bk TMV. Ç nchtghuc, ghtjerkbc j um, ncm k
TMV. K TMV ç um sufnchluhtc bjpjhbjhtj bk HTMVH, j jak jxgstj jm, ncm j pjak HTMVH.
Rcbcs cs sjrjs hk HTMV H hîc sîc rjstrghegbcs jm jspkåc j tjmpc „ jspkåc j tjmpc sîc
nchstruåújs acnkgs bjhtrc bk TMV, j sîc krtjiktcs bgrjtcs bc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks jspkåc-tjmpc.
Nkbk sjr jm hcssk TMV ç jxgstjhtj hk HTMV H? c ghvjrsc hîc ç vjrbkbj. Kghbk quj vcnì vgvk,
cpjrj j iuhngchj hk HTMVH tkhtc ncmc hk TMV, vcnì pcbj hîc jstkr ngjhtj bgstc pcr nkusk bks
rjstrgåújs, quj vcnì ncacnk hk pjrnjpåîc bj suk nchsngìhngk.
Ks rkmgignkåújs bj umk jstruturk bj rjkagbkbj nchtíhuk ghtjr-rjakngchkbk jhtrj TMV j
HTMV, sjrîc jxpacrkbks hc Nkpgtuac 02 bc Agvrc >, chbj bgsnutgmcs ncmuhgnkåújs, vgkejm hc
tjmpc, tjajpcrtkåîc,
ghtjrjsskhtjs. ncrpcs prjngskm
Jstjs tþpgncs müatgpacs,sjrsj kbgkbcs
vgrkhbcktç
sjmmkgs
sju tkrbj,
ncrpc,pcrquj
j kaeuhs
hîc cutrcs kssuhtcs
bjsjhvcavjmcs
kghbk k fksj nchnjgtuka pkrk ncmprjjhbì-acs. ^jlk pkngjhtj< mugtks ncgsks ghtjrjsskhtjs jstîc k
hcssk irjhtj jm nkpítuacs sufsjqujhtjs. N`jekr aë rëpgbc bjmkgs ç jqugvkajhtj k hîc n`jekr aë
lkmkgs.
▤▤▤
;: (27)
^jåîc > Tcsaübgc
^kubkåújs! Ajgtcrjs Nkacrcscs Yþs ^cgs

Zm Fkhbc Ncrklcsc j Rjhkz
Ycnì pcbj jstkr nchvjhngbc bj quj ju ecstc bj tj tcrturkr, mks gssc hîc ç vjrbkbj. K
hkturjzk bk rjkagbkbj, ç um kssuhtc jxtrjmkmjhtj ncmpajxc j bj bgiínga ncmprjjhsîc, pcgs sþ
pcbj sjr vgstc j jhtjhbgbc k pkrtgr bj umk pjrspjntgvk bk Ygsîc Kmpak quj bjvj,
hjnjsskrgkmjhtj, pkrjnjr sjavkejm j acunk, qukhbc ncmpkrkbk k suk ikmgagkr vgsîc jstrjgtk.
Erkhbjs skatcs cu pksscs jm bgrjåîc ä ncmprjjhsîc, sjmprj pkrjnjm j sjmprj pkrjnjrîc
sjavkejhs j acuncs qukhbc nchirchtkbcs pjak prgmjgrk vjz, bc pchtc bj vgstk bk vja`k
pjrspjntgvk quj, pcr bjighgåîc, ç nchstruíbk scfrj um nch`jngmjhtc mjhcs jxpkhsgvc.
Ks rjvjakåújs bk rjaktgvgbkbj mcbjrhk j bk mjnæhgnk quæhtgnk, c iktc bj quj k mktçrgk iísgnk
sþagbk ç ncmpcstk bj ëtcmcs - quj sîc jm suk mkgcrgk jspkåc vkzgc - j quj hcssk kmkbk Rjrrk
hîc ç c njhtrc bc uhgvjrsc, icrkm vgstcs ncmc kfsurbcs rgbínuacs, jxgstjhtjs hks irchtjgrks
bjagrkhtjs, khtjs bj sjrjm knjgtcs pjak ncrrjhtj prghngpka bc pjhskmjhtc. Jxpacrkåújs fjm-
sunjbgbks bk nchsngìhngk, bk mjhtj j bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr bjvjm, pcr hjnjssgbkbj, pkrjnjr
tkmfçm kfsurbks, pcrquj jhtrkrîc jm nchiagtc ncm ks icrmks trkbgngchkgs bj pjhskr j bjighgr k
rjkagbkbj.
Hþs sjrjs ùmkhcs, jm ejrka skfjmcs mugtc mjhcs bc quj `ë pkrk skfjr, bc quj pjhskmcs.
Bkbk k prciuhbgbkbj j k pjhjtrkåîc bk njeujgrk bj nrjhåks, quj rjiajtj k qukagbkbj bj hcssk
jspçngj hc ghíngc bc sçnuac PPG, sj jstk Erkhbj Rjcrgk bj Rubc hîc pkrjnjssj sjavkejm, j hîc
icssj bj bgiínga ncmprjjhsîc, hîc pcbjrgk pcssgvjamjhtj jstkr ncrrjtk.
Mugtks pjsscks sjhtjm quj k nuaturk cngbjhtka jstë nrjsnjhbc ajhtkmjhtj, kfrghbc suk mjhtj
ncajtgvk, tcrhkhbc-sj mkgs nkpkz j bgspcstk k tcmkr k vgsîc mkgs jxtjhsk j kmpak. C ctgmgsmc, j
k vgsîc bj hþs mjsmcs ktrkvçs bj ajhtjs ncr-bj-rcsk, sîc bcgs bj hcsscs trkåcs nuaturkgs mkgs
bgiuhbgbcs. Ç vjrbkbj quj ks jxpacrkåújs bk nchsngìhngk, bk mjhtj j bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr, quj
pjrmkhjnjm icrtjmjhtj nchjntkbks, k hcsscs sgstjmks bj nrjhåks bk pjqujhk vgsîc, tcrhkrkm-sj
um pcunc mkgs knjgtëvjgs hcs üatgmcs trghtk khcs. Ghijagzmjhtj, c irknkssc bj tkgs jsicråcs pkrk
icrhjnjr ghsge`ts prciuhbcs, tjm ghnjhtgvkbc k nrjhåk ncmum, bj quj hîc jxgstj scauåîc, j quj
umk Erkhbj Rjcrgk bj Rubc ngjhtíignk, ç gmpcssívja.
Zm prcerjssc tjþrgnc sgehgignktgvc pkrjnj ghktgheívja, ghknjssívja j sjmprj kaçm bc hcssc
kankhnj, pcrquj c hcssc pjhskmjhtc, bjvj sjr fksjkbc jm icrmks trkbgngchkgs bj bjighgr k
rjkagbkbj,, k igm bj mkhtjr pjac mjhcs umk rjspjgtkfgagbkbj mkreghka, j c kpcgc bc njhtrc bj
rjkagbkbj
pcbjr quj bgspjhsk iuhbcs bj pjsqugsk j nrjbgfgagbkbj. C irknkssc, ç kssjeurkbc pjac rjqugsgtc bj
uskr um prcnjssc bj jxpacrkåîc j khëagsj kprcprgkbc, rkngchka j ngjhtíignc, quj ç, jm suk rkgz,
fksjkbc hk nrjhåk bcemëtgnk bj quj tcbk k rjkagbkbj bjvj sjr iísgnk.
iísgnk. ^cf jstk bjsvkhtkejm, cs
pjsqugskbcrjs pcbjmc ikngamjhtj
huhnk vîc bjsncfrgr prcvkr Jstk
quì cu c pcrquì. quj rjnjgtk
kaec rjkamjhtj jstrkh`c
pkrk k ika`k, jstë knchtjnjhbc,
kssjmja`k-sj mks
k umk bjngsîc
rjscautk, bj prcnurkr suk n`kvj bc nkrrc pjrbgbk, cu sjus þnuacs bj sca, scmjhtj jm auekrjs quj
vcnì huhnk icg.

Krmkbga`ks bj nrjhåk, nkmuiakbks ncmc vjrbkbjs þfvgks, sjmprj ikzjm ncm quj cs erkhbjs
nchnjgtcs hcvcs bk Ygsîc Kmpak, autjm pkrk tjr nrjbgfgagbkbj, nchtrk ks ncrrjhtjs scngkgs,
ngjhtíignks cu rjagegcsks, prjbcmghkhtjs bjstk supcstk rkngchkagbkbj. Gstc sgmpajsmjhtj ç kssgm, j
ç ncmc nchtghukrë k sjr, pcr um achec tjmpc.
[ukhbc kaeuçm ç kpjhks um pjqujhc nkmkrkbk, ncmjåkhbc aë jmfkgxc jm umk achek
jsnkbk jvcaungchërgk, ncmc k mkgcrgk bcs sjrjs ùmkhcs, ks pjrspjntgvks bk Ygsîc Kmpak, sîc
bgiínjgs bj sj jhnchtrkr. Ç umk nkrkntjrístgnk prjnchnjfgbk bk hcssk rjkagbkbj mkgcr, quj ikz ncm
quj k Erkhbj Yjrbkbj pkrjåk sjr um mgstçrgc gmpjhjtrëvja, pkrk k pjrspjntgvk agmgtkbk bj umk
pjssck rjeuakr, mks tkmfçm ç um rjnursc prjnchnjfgbc, c iktc bj quj umk erkhbj vgsîc
pkhcræmgnk bc tcbc, jstë bgspchívja, pkrk qukaqujr um quj ikåk c jsicråc bj jsnkakr k mchtkh`k.
Hk vjrbkbj, sufgr k mchtkh`k ç umk pcrtk bj jhtrkbk pkrk c sunjssc jvcautgvc, j pkrk c kvkhåc
bj hcssc sjr ghbgvgbuka. Tkrk kqujajs quj jstîc gmkeghkhbc, pcr quj k cpkngbkbj bjvj sjr um
rjnursc lë jmfutgbc, nchsgbjrj c quj sjus vgzgh`cs, ncajeks bj trkfka`c, nòhluej, iga`cs, n`jij,
mîj j scerk pcbjrgkm ikzjr, sj scufjssjm ncmc mkhgpuakr vcnì, ncm k mjhtj< rjkamjhtj ç
mja`cr quj nrjsåkm prgmjgrc.
^kübc suk nurgcsgbkbj, bjtjrmghkåîc ghtjajntuka j rjsgstìhngk. ^cu erktc pjac iktc bj vcnì sjr
tcajrkhtj j rjsgstjhtj c suigngjhtj pkrk n`jekr tîc achej. Tkrk n`jekr k jstj pchtc, vcnì scirju cs
jstrkecs bk vjrtgejm bc akfgrghtc bj rktcs, k bjiakåîc bc jec, k rjtgrkbk bj krmkbga`ks bj nrjhåk j
umk grrgtkhtj nchvjrsk ‑bj ncrkåîc pkrk ncrkåîc” bjstj sju vja`c tgc. Ycnì, sjm büvgbk, mjrjnj
ncakr mkgs quktrc jstrjaks bcurkbks frga`khtjs kc akbc bj sju hcmj, bjhtrc bk nkpk bjstj agvrc.
Ncmc Mgh`k Erkhbj Rjcrgk bj Rubc ç fksjkbk jm umk vgbk bj jxpjrgìhngks pjssckgs, j
ncmc ç mugtc ghncmum, ncmuhgnkr bj icrmk jignkz k pjrspjntgvk kqug nchtgbk - bj quj k Ygsîc
Kmpak ikz sjhtgbc -- pkrk umk jsnkak kmpak bj ghbgvíbucs (quj pcbjm hîc tjr jxpjrgìhngk bgrjtk
bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr), tcrhk jstj trkfka`c gmjhskmjhtj mkgs bgiínga. Jspjrc tjr nchsjeugbc ktghegr
pjac mjhcs, umk pkrtj sgehgignktgvk bjstj bjskigc.
Ghijagzmjhtj, chbj qujr quj ju ika`j jm ktghegr, ghjvgtkvjamjhtj, sj tcrhk um bjskigc pkrk
vcnì „ kaec quj bjvjrë bjsncfrgr pcr sg sþ.
Cfrgekbc pcr mj kncmpkh`kr hjstk vgkejm. Jspjrc quj nchtghuj hk lcrhkbk ncmgec, ktç pjac
mjhcs ks buks üatgmks ^jåújs, chbj ks mjnæhgnks bk HTMV j bk TMV sîc jxpagnkbks jm mkgs
bjtka`js. Hk ^jåîc 2, jxpagnkrjmcs ncmc pcbjmcs tjr, cs ncrpcs iísgncs fjacs j icics quj
kbcrkmcs sktgsikzjr j, kc mjsmc tjmpc, hîc sjrmcs hkbk, kaçm bj nchsngìhngk. Grjmcs
scaungchkr k bgnctcmgk iísgnc-mjhtka, jxkmghkr prciuhbkmjhtj k hkturjzk bk jxpjrgìhngk, j c
ijhòmjhc bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka.
Kc achec bc nkmgh`c, bjmchstrkrjmcs quj k iísgnk bk TMV (hcssk ngìhngk nkfjåk burk bk
pjqujhk vgsîc), pcbj sjr bjrgvkbk, bks mjsmks buks supcsgåújs quj uskmcs pkrk nchstrugr jssk
Erkhbj Rjcrgk bj Rubc. Mcstrkr quj k iísgnk bk TMV, jstë nchtgbk j pcbj sjr bjbuzgbk pkrtgr bk
‑My Fge RCJ
RCJ”” ç (bc pchtc bj vgstk bk TMV) c ühgnc tjstj quj um nkhbgbktc k Rjcrgk bj Rubc
prjngsk pksskr, pkrk rjgvghbgnkr c títuac bj Rjcrgk bj Rubc. Jstj ç um tjstj lustc j hjnjssërgc.
Zmk Rjcrgk bj Rubc, prjngsk jxpagnkr j nchtjr k iísgnk bk TMV, fjm ncmc cs ijhòmjhcs
pkrkhcrmkgs, ghtugåîc, mjhtj, tjmpc j mkgs. Grjmcs kankhåkr tubc gstc, khtjs quj vcnì n`jeuj kc
ighka
klubkbkbj‑My Fge RCJ””.
hcsscs RCJ ””. K Yjh`k
kmgecs. bjrgvkåîc bk iísgnk
ncmgec pjacbktcur
TMVbkç ktghegbk
^jssîc 2,hk j^jåîc
vjlk 2,ncmc
ncm umk pjqujhk
cs nchnjgtcs
ghbgvgbukgs quj bgsnutgmcs ktç kqug, ncmjåkm k sj uhgr hc rumc bj um tcbc mkgs rkngchka j
ncmprjjhsívja.
^jåîc 2
...
Vjscavjhbc c Mgstçrgc
Mjhtj,
Jhjregk Mktçrgk,
j Jxpjrgìhngk
...
▤▤▤
;9 (:4)
Ghtrcbuåîc K ^jåîc 2
H jstk sjåîc vkmcs jxkmghkr ks crgejhs j ngrnuhstkhngks bk jxgstìhngk iísgnk. Jxpagnkrjg

ncmc k TMV, jm sju hívja mkgs iuhbkmjhtka, ç prcbutc bj nchsngìhngk, j icrhjnj umk nakrk
ncmprjjhsîc bk nchjxîc jhtrj mjhtj j mktçrgk. [ukhbc n`jeuj kc Agvrc >, pkrjnjrë mkgs aþegnc
j mjhcs jstrkh`c, quj k mktçrgk ç umk jxpjrgìhngk bk mjhtj, j quj k jxgstìhngk iísgnk ç umk
jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrktgvk vgrtuka, bjsjh`kbk pkrk ikngagtkr k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
Zmk RCJ, pcr bjighgåîc, bjvj jxpagnkr tcbcs cs iktcs quj sj nch`jnj jxgstgr, kssgm ncmc
hcvcs, quj pjrtjhåkm k umk vgsîc mkgcr j mkgs ncmpajtk. ‑My Fge RCJ RCJ”” hîc ç bgijrjhtj. Jak
prjngsk scmkr tcbc c nch`jngmjhtc prjsjhtj, ghnausgvj k ngìhngk bk TMV. Ncmc tcbcs skfjmcs,
k ngìhngk trkbgngchka, hîc jstë hjm pjrtc bj prcbuzgr umk Erkhbj RCJ quj jxpagquj ghtugåîc,
mjhtj, nchsngìhngk, j c pkrkhcrmka, kssgm ncmc k iísgnk hcrmka bk TMV. Cs ngjhtgstks bk TMV j
sjus jecs, agbkm ncm suk ghkfgagbkbj bj jhxjrekr umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak, hjekhbc k jxgstìhngk,
bkqugac quj hîc pcbjm jxpagnkr.
Iktcs jm nchtrërgc, cu sîc gehcrkbcs cu ktknkbcs ncmc `jrjsgk ghknjgtëvja, quj cijhbj cs
nch`jngmjhtcs cfvgkmjhtj ncrrjtcs bk ghstgtugåîc iísgnk jstkfjajngbk.
Tkrjnj `kvjr um suprgmjhtc ghjsectëvja bj ngjhtgstks krrcekhtjs, quj hîc pcupkm vjhjhc
jm bjijsk bcs bcemks skerkbcs bk ngìhngk ktuka. Bj suk vgsîc agmgtkbk, k ngìhngk bk TMV j k
vjrbkbj, sîc sghòhgmcs j um bjighj c cutrc.
▼ Ycnì vì cs pkrkajacs kqug3 Ks üatgmks quktrc sjhtjhåks hc pkrëerkic khtjrgcr sj

kpagnkm tkhtc k rjagegîc j nuaturk, ncmc k ngìhngk.
Hîc bjvjrgk sjr tîc surprjjhbjhtj< hc iuhbc bj suks iuhbkåújs fksjkbks jm nrjhåk,
ngìhngk trkbgngchka, nuaturk j rjagegîc bgvgbjm c mjsmc mktjrgka ejhçtgnc. Ç pcr gstc quj
sjus mjmfrcs j ghstgtugåújs, jxgfjm cs mjsmcs trkåcs ghbgvgbukgs j crekhgzkngchkgs. Hc
Cngbjhtj, ngìhngk j nuaturk igzjrkm umk kagkh-åk bj klubk mütuk, jhqukhtc hc Crgjhtj
Mçbgc j Crgjhtj, rjagegîc j nuaturk sj kagkrkm. Luhtks prcvìm um trchc bc quka c jec
ùmkhc rjghk suprjmc.
Bjsncfrgr umk vgsîc kmpak mkgs aunrktgvk, kssgm ncmc nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bc jspgrgtc
ùmkhc, ç um trkfka`c quj ç hjnjssërgk j ghtjgrkmjhtj bjgxkbc k vcnì. Hþs ks pjsscks,
pjrmkhjnjmcs cfljtgvkmjhtj sjm pgstks pcrquj hcssk pjrnjpåîc, jstë mugtc bgstkhtj bj
umk vgsîc `caístgnk ghtjerkbk bk rjkagbkbj. Tjrmkhjnjmcs tkmfçm sufljtgvkmjhtj sjm
pgstks, pcrquj hcssc sgstjmk bj nrjhåks prcífj k vjrbkbj. Rjhbc sgbc krtgigngkamjhtj
sjpkrkbks, hcssk ikatk bj hcåîc cfljtgvk j sufljtgvk, kagmjhtkm j mkhtçm umk k cutrk. ◂
Jxgstjm buks nchbgåújs pkrk umk ‑Fge

‑Fge RCJ”
RCJ” tjr sunjssc. K prgmjgrk ç quj hîc pcbj sjr
ghnchsgstjhtj acegnkmjhtj, cu nchiagtkr ncm iktcs nch`jngbcs. Trjngsk jxpagnkr j nchtjr (sjr um
supjrnchluhtc), bc lë quj ç nch`jngbc.
^jeuhbc k Fge RCJ bj sunjssc, bjvj pkrjnjr sjr acegnkmjhtj ghnchsgstjhtj j nchiagtkr
rkbgnkamjhtj ncm nrjhåks trkbgngchkamjhtj knjgtks j cpghgújs fksjkbks hkqujaks nrjhåks
(psjubc iktcs). Hîc `ë n`khnj bj sjr ncrrjtk, hjm mjsmc jstkr um pkssc kaçm hk bgrjåîc bj umk
hcvk ‑Fge
‑Fge RCJ”,
RCJ”, sj jak hîc nchiagtkr brkmktgnkmjhtj ncm hcssks nuaturk, ngìhngk j
nch`jngmjhtc bj pjqujhk vgsîc fksjkbcs jm nrjhåk.
Tcrquj hcssk ngìhngk trkbgngchka nrì, quj k pjqujhk vgsîc ç tubc c quj `ë, jak rjstrghej ks
ghvjstgekåújs bk Ygsîc Kmpak (jpgstjmcacegk, chtcacegk, ncsmcacegk, iísgnk quæhtgnk, jvcauåîc,
mjtkiísgnk, iísgnk, nchsngìhngk, mjhtj, jijgtcs psg j ghtugåîc) kc ijhòmjhc bk pjqujhk vgsîc.
Ngìhngk trkbgngchka, ç ncacnkbk hc bjsjspjrkhåkbc pkpja bj jspjrkr quj k Ygsîc Kmpak, jstjlk
nchtgbk j sjlk bjrgvkbk, bk pjqujhk vgsîc. Fusnkr jxtrkgr k Ygsîc Kmpak bk pjqujhk vgsîc, ç umk
kfcrbkejm tctkamjhtj gaþegnk, j hîc prcbuzgrë sjhîc irustrkåîc j k kpkrjhtj nchicrmkåîc quj,
cu k Ygsîc Kmpak hîc jxgstj, cu jak jstë kaçm bc nch`jngmjhtc cfljtgvc. Jstk kfcrbkejm, ç
khëacek k tjhtkr bjsncfrgr ks prcprgjbkbjs bk iacrjstk mkgcr, ghtjrrcekhbc c musec quj nrjsnj
jm umk ërvcrj, cu tkavjz jspjrkr ncmprjjhbjr c prcljtc j prcbuåîc bj um mgnrcprcnjsskbcr
mcbjrhc, jstubkhbc um pcunc bj sgaíngc frutc.
K pcrtk bj suk mjhtj bjvj sjr kfjrtk pjac mjhcs umk irjstk, khtjs bj sjr pcssívja hctkr k
pksskejm pkrk umk pjrnjpåîc mkgs nchsngjhtj j ncmpajtk, j pcbjr pksskr ktrkvçs bjak pkrk
ghvjstgekr c quj jstë bc cutrc akbc.
^j vcnì tjm ncrkejm pkrk prcnurkr k vjrbkbj, k trgacegk ‑My Fge RCJ‑ RCJ‑ icg ijgtk pkrk ikngagtkr
k kfjrturk bj tka irjstk hk fkrrjgrk bj nrjhåks nchstruíbk pjak mjhtj-jec. Zm cfljtgvc prgmërgc
bk ‑My Fge RCJ”,
RCJ ”, ç klubk-ac k ncacnkr sju ‑Fge
‑Fge RCJ” (bjbîc),
(bjbîc), cu tkavjz sju pç tcbc, hc vîc bk
pcrtk bk suk mjhtj, pkrk jvgtkr quj jak fktk jm suk nkrk, khtjs quj pcssk jxpacrkr k vjrbkbjgrk
hkturjzk bk suk nchsngìhngk. Gstc ç mkgs bgiínga bc quj pkrjnj bj ghíngc pcrquj vcnì jstë
sjbuzgbc pcr suks nrjhåks nuaturkgs, ngjhtgignks, rjagegcsks j pjssckgs, j prcnurk nchicrtc j rjiüegc
`kfgtuka, hk sjeurkhåk ijagz quj k gehcræhngk nrgk. Gausújs, ncmc brceks vgngkhtjs, sîc `ëfgtcs
bgiínjgs bj sjrjm qujfrkbcs.
▼ Ycnì pcbj pjhskr quj sjpkrkr iktc bj cpghgîc ç iënga. Rcbcs kn`kmcs quj skfjmcs
ncmc ikzjr rkzckvjamjhtj fjm jstk cpjrkåîc. Nchtubc ç þfvgc, quj mugtcs hîc sîc
jspjngkamjhtj fchs hgstc „ mks hþs, vcnì j ju, rjkamjhtj skfjmcs ncm sjpkrkr pcrnkrgk bk
vjrbkbj. Hîc ç tîc bgiínga pcrquj... fjm... kpjhks skfjmcs. Lë bjmcs kaeumks vcatks hc
qukrtjgrîc, j scmcs jxpjrgjhtjs j pjrnjptgvcs c suigngjhtj, pkrk bgijrjhngkr c quj ç ejhuíhc.
^jpkrkr iktc bj ikhtksgk ç ghtugtgvkmjhtj þfvgc „ hcsscs bjtjntcrjs bj fjstjgrks sîc sjhsívjgs
j ighkmjhtj klustkbcs „ skfjmcs ncmc ks pjsscks pjhskm, c quj jaks qujrjm j cs lcecs quj
lcekm. Ç bgiínga pkrk qukaqujr um hcs kpagnkr um ecapj? hîc scmcs gheìhucs hjm kavcs
iënjgs, pkrk trkpknjgrcs bk Hcvk Jrk cu pkrk cs trkbgngchkagstks prcmctcrjs bc ‑stktus quc”.
Rcbcs sj sjhtjm kssgm, ghnaughbc cs kbcajsnjhtjs. Ç umk pga`k nrjhåks-krmkbga`k-bj-
nknk jm quj vcnì bjvj jstkr ktjhtc pkrk hîc nkgr. K rkzîc pjak quka bgsnrgmghkr k vjrbkbj bk
ikasgbkbj ç jxtrkcrbghkrgkmjhtj bgiínga ç< ;) vcnì hîc jstë ngjhtj bc quj hîc skfj,
skfj, j 6) ç c
trkfka`c scajhj bc sju jec (ajmfrj-sj, sju ghtjajntc ç sjrvc bc sju jec) nchvjhnjr vcnì quj
suk nrjhåk fksjkbk jm psjubcnch`jngmjhtc ç rjkamjhtj nch`jngmjhtc.
nch`jngmjhtc. Tcr nkusk bk suk
gehcræhngk ghvgsívja, ks hjnjssgbkbjs, bjsjlcs j qujrjrjs bj um jec jsncrrjekbgc, j um
ghtjajntc kutc lustgignkhtj, sju kpkrjhtjmjhtj sþagbc jhtjhbgmjhtc tkhtc bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj
ncmc bk pjqujhk, ç prcvkvjamjhtj gausþrgc. Jxgstjm pjsscks jxnjpngchkgs quj vjjm ncgsks
nakrkmjhtj, mks jxnjtc pcr vcnì j ju, hîc nch`jåc hjhùmk bjaks. ◂
Jm umk nuaturk ncmc k hcssk, chbj nrjhåks nuaturkgs, rjagegcsks j ngjhtíignks, icråcskmjhtj
rjstrghejm j bcmghkm mugtc bc jsicråc ghtjajntuka, j jssjhngkamjhtj bjighjm ks irchtjgrks bk
rjkagbkbj ghbgvgbuka bj nkbk um, ç mkgs bgiínga pjhskr icrk bk nkgxk j sjpkrkr cs iktcs, bks nrjhåks
j cpghgújs quj sj mksnkrkm ncmc iktcs, mkgs bc quj gmkeghk.
Bks buks nchbgåújs mjhngchkbks kngmk quj umk ‑Fge ‑Fge RCJ”
RCJ” bj sunjssc prjngsk ktjhbjr,
tjh`c k sjeuhbk (katk jstrkh`jzk) fjm k mîc. Hjstk ^jåîc, ks aknuhks rjstkhtjs pkrk k prgmjgrk
nchbgåîc (nchtjr k iísgnk bk TMV ncmc sufnchluhtc) sjrë trktkbk.
^jh`crks, sjh`crjs j cutrcs, hîc jhtrjm jm pæhgnc< prcmjtc hîc cs krrkstkr ktrkvçs bj umk
kuak bj iísgnk. ^jg quj k iísgnk, prgmjgrc cprgmj j jhtîc tkavjz jspkhtj? bjpcgs grrgtk j tj púj jm
schc prciuhbc. Jstj, hîc icg pjhskhbc ncmc um agvrc pkrk k `crk bj bcrmgr. Nrjgk< vcnì sjrë
nkpkz bj sjeugr nkbk bjtka`j, sjm tjr bj vcatkr pkrk k jsncak, j rjtcmkr kqujaks n`ktks kuaks bj
ngìhngk j mktjmëtgnk, quj jvgtcu bj icrmk tîc jspjrtk.
Bjrgvkr, kaeuhs bcs nchnjgtcs fësgncs bk iísgnk bk TMV, bj umk nchsgbjrkåîc bks
prcprgjbkbjs bks nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, icg nchsjeugbc „ tjh`c kpjhks quj kpchtkr
pkrk gstc, hîc tj krrkstkr ktrkvçs bgstc. Icrhjnjrjg, nchtubc, um jhtjhbgmjhtc j jstruturk
(mcbjac), ncm c quka vcnì pcssk ncmfghkr nchnjgtcs iísgncs j mjtkiísgncs, jm umk Ygsîc Kmpak
ghtjerkbk.
Ykmcs ncmjåkr icrmuakhbc kaeumks bks qujstújs mkgs þfvgks. Ncmc sj pcbj jxpagnkr hcssk
jxgstìhngk j jxpjrgìhngk iísgnks bjhtrc bk TMV, jspjngkamjhtj, sj hîc scmcs hkbk mkgs quj umk
nchigeurkåîc ghtjagejhtj, bk nchsngìhngk ncmpajtkmjhtj hîc-iísgnk bk KZM3 Ncmc pkrjnjmcs
jstkr jhnka`kbcs, hjstj jspkåc-tjmpc >B bj pjqujhk vgsîc3 C quj umk aghbk Zhgbkbj bj
Nchsngìhngk ncm Agvrj Krfítrgc (IUKZ) ncmc vcnì, jstë ikzjhbc jm um auekr ncmc k TMV3
Tcrquj ç quj umk mgssîc nrítgnk ncmc mja`crkr k qukagbkbj bk hcssk nchsngìhngk, rjqujr quj
prgmjgrc hcs gbgctgzjmcs ktç c pchtc bj umk nrgkturk jspkåc-tjmpc sjm hcåîc, ncm um ncrpc
pjrjnívja quj prjngsk sjr nchtghukmjhtj kagmjhtkbc3 Jstk jxgstìhngk iísgnk ç kaeum tgpc bj
frghnkbjgrk jxgstjhngka, puhgåîc pcr ncmjr mkåîs sjm pjrmgssîc, cu jxgstj kaeumk rkzîc aþegnk,
pkrk quj ks sjvjrks agmgtkåújs j bcacrcsk autk ghjrjhtj bc ùmkhc iísgnc, sjlk umk nchigeurkåîc
ctgmgzkbk j hjnjssërgk pkrk c kprjhbgzkbc3 (Tgstk< Knjhj k nkfjåk pcsgtgvkmjhtj pkrk jstk
üatgmk). ^j icr pkngjhtj j sjeugr mju pjhskmjhtc um pcunc mkgs, jvjhtukamjhtj rjspchbjrjg
jstks qujstújs.
Bjhtrc bjstk sjåîc, ‑Mjhtj, Mktçrgk, Jhjregk j Jxpjrgìhngk”, tjhtkrjg ikzjr k nchjxîc TMV
jxpagnkhbc ks gmpagnkåújs bk ‑My Fge RCJ”,
RCJ ”, pkrk hcssk jxpjrgìhngk bgërgk kqug, hc fcm j vja`c
pakhjtk tjrrk „ quj ignk jm kaeum auekr bjhtrc bk TMV „ quj ignk bjhtrc bc C^ „ quj ignk jm
kaeum auekr hk HTMVH, quj ignk jm kaeum auekr hc RFN „ quj ignk jm kaeum auekr hk HTMV „
quj ignk jm kaeum auekr hk nchsngìhngk j ghtjhåîc bk KZM „ k quka ç kpkrjhtjmjhtj (mks hîc
rjkamjhtj) ghighgtk „ c quj ç njrnk bj bcgs pksscs kaçm, bkqugac quj umk mjhtj kutc agmgtkbk
pcbj vjr, mjsmc jm um bgk nakrc.
▤▤▤
;5 (:;)
Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka
Bj Nchsngìhngk „ Ncmputkbcrjs,
^gmuakåújs, Ghtjageìhngk Krtgigngka j Hþs
Ncacnkr ks ncgsks jm nchluhtc, k pkrtgr bcs nkpítuacs khtjrgcrjs sjrgk um fcm auekr pkrk
ncmjåkrmcs. Khtjrgcrmjhtj bjsjhvcavjmcs c nchnjgtc bj quj hþs j k rjkagbkbj (C^) jm quj
pkrjnjmcs jxgstgr, sîc jhtgbkbjs sgmuakbks hc RFN, quj rjprjsjhtk umk pcråîc bk mjhtj cu
nchsngìhngk, bk KZM jm jvcauåîc. Kecrk vkmcs ajvkr jstk gbjgk mkgs kbgkhtj, bgsnutghbc
ktrgfutcs bks sgmuakåújs kvkhåkbks, j ncmc jaks j suks jhtgbkbjs sgmuakbks icrmkm um pkrkajac,
ncm k hkturjzk bj hcssk rjkagbkbj acnka.
Bj mugtks icrmks, hîc scmcs bgijrjhtjs bks jhtgbkbjs quj sgmuakmcs jm hcsscs
ncmputkbcrjs. Cpjrkngchkamjhtj jxgstjm mugtks sgmgakrgbkbjs, jhqukhtc ks pcunks bgijrjhåks
jstîc prghngpkamjhtj hk qukagbkbj j rgqujzk hk jhtrkbk bj bkbcs (bj hcsscs nghnc sjhscrjs
prgmërgcs), hc usc jxtjhsgvc bj prcnjsskmjhtc pkrkajac j accps bj ijjbfkno, j hk nkpkngbkbj bj
hcssc jqugpkmjhtc bj prcnjsskmjhtc bjbgnkbc (nçrjfrc j sgstjmk hjrvcsc njhtrka). Ycnì pcbj
sj surprjjhbjr bj bjsncfrgr, quîc iuhngchkamjhtj sgmgakrjs scmcs k hcssks nrgkåújs bgegtkgs,
mjsmc nchsgbjrkhbc quj scmcs rkbgnkamjhtj bgijrjhtjs, jm sufstkhngk, mctgvkåîc, agmgtkåújs j
nchstruåîc.
Tkrjnjrgk quj k ühgnk bgijrjhåk prghngpka jhtrj hþs, j c quj pcbjríkmcs nrgkr jm um
ncmputkbcr, ç hcssc agvrj krfítrgc pkrk ikzjr jsnca`ks, quj rjiajtjm j bjighjm k qukagbkbj bj
hcssk nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc. Tkrjnjrgk, quj scmcs iuhbkmjhtkamjhtj ühgncs j supjrgcrjs äs
jhtgbkbjs sgmuakbks bgegtkgs, pcrquj tjmcs um ncmpchjhtj hîc-iísgnc j umk vchtkbj, quj ç agvrj
pkrk tcmkr bjngsújs, jxprjsskr ghtjhåîc j mctgvkåîc ncmpajxk, j jvcauímcs. Bj umk pjrspjntgvk
sgmgakr mkgs bgijrjhtj, ùmkhcs sîc jspjngkgs (pjac mjhcs jm hcssk vgsîc) pcrquj pkrjnj quj
tjmcs jmcåîc j kamk, jhqukhtc ks jhtgbkbjs sgmuakbks hcs ncmputkbcrjs bgegtkgs, cfvgkmjhtj
hîc tìm.
K nrjhåk, bj quj k ùmkhgbkbj ç k ühgnk quj pcssug umk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk (kamk), hîc ç um
nchnjgtc quj ajvk mugtcs bj hþs, k sj ncacnkr jm pcsgåîc supjrgcr äs cutrks (ghijrgcrjs) icrmks
bj vgbk, j gstc vkaj bupakmjhtj pkrk nrgkåújs bgegtkgs.
Nchtubc, acec vjrjmcs, quj mjsmc jssk erkhbj ichtj bj creua`c j bgstghåîc ùmkhcs, quj
pkrjnjm hcs sjpkrkr bj qukaqujr sgmuakåîc, hîc gmpcrtkhbc quîc scigstgnkbk jak sjlk, tjm sju
khëacec sgmuakbc, j tkavjz hîc sjlk umk bgstghåîc tîc gmpcrtkhtj qukhtc pkrjnj bj ghíngc.
▤▤▤
;0 (:6)
Zm Mcbjac Cpjrkngchka Bj Nchsngìhngk
Ncmc c Lcec bj Ncmputkbcr

Bj ^jus Iga`cs Iuhngchk
Hk ^jåîc : bc Agvrc >, vkmcs agbkr ncm cs bjtka`js quj bjighjm ks nchjxújs
cpjrkngchkgs bghæmgnks, quj agekm RFN, HTMV, C^ j TMV. Aë bjsnrjvjrjg um lcec bj eujrrk
sgmuakbc, quj pcbj klubkr k nakrjkr kaeuhs bcs bjtka`js mkgs gmpcrtkhtjs bk mjnæhgnk bk
sgmuakåîc. Hjstj nkpítuac tkmfçm uskrjg c jxjmpac bj sgmuakåîc bj lcec bj eujrrk, mks
ignkrjmcs jm hívja mkgs katc (mjhcs bjtka`j) bc quj vjrjmcs mkgs ä irjhtj. ^j mju usc bj lcecs
bj eujrrk ncmc jxjmpac, pkrjnj icrk bj auekr cu grrgtk suks sjhsgfgagbkbjs hîc vgcajhtks, bjgxj gr
jstj sjhtgmjhtc. Erkåks k @caaywccb, jstk ç umk ghstkhngk bj sgmuakåîc erkhbj j ncmpajxk, quj
tcbcs lë vgrkm j ncmprjjhbjm.
[ukhbc nchstrughbc sgmuakåújs, jstkmcs ghtjrjsskbcs jm mcbjakr vërgcs lcekbcrjs j tgpcs
bjajs, quj ghtjrkejm kag. Zm ‑lcekbcr” hjstj nchtjxtc ç bjighgbc ncmc qukaqujr jajmjhtc bk
sgmuakåîc quj tjm `kfgagbkbj bj ghtjrkegr ncm qukaqujr cutrc. Hum lcec bj eujrrk, pcbjmcs
bjighgr mgssjgs, kjrchkvjs pgactkbks, tkhqujs, krtga`krgk, uhgbkbjs bj ghikhtkrgk j scabkbcs
ghbgvgbukgs, ncmc kaeuhs bcs prcvëvjgs jajmjhtcs cu lcekbcrjs, hk sgmuakåîc. Jm um hívja
mkgs ighc bj bjtka`js (bjpjhbjhbc bk igbjagbkbj prjtjhbgbk j bc pcbjr ncmputkngchka
bgspchívja), ks nkrkntjrístgnks bj um ghbgvíbuc, nkbk pjåk bj jqugpkmjhtc j rcupk prctjtcrk, cu
umk ühgnk muhgåîc bj krtga`krgk cu fkak bj rgiaj, tkmfçm pcbjm sjr mcbjakbcs ncmc lcekbcrjs
ghbgvgbukgs.
Jm tka sgmuakåîc, um lcekbcr tkmfçm pcbj sjr um jajmjhtc bc kmfgjhtj ncmc nùvk, hjvj,
tjmpjrkturk, rgcs, ërvcrjs j mchtkh`ks, kssgm ncmc c prcnjssc aceístgnc. Zm lcekbcr, tka ncmc
pcr jxjmpac umk ühgnk fkak, pcbj sjr ktgvk (fkak ncm vjacngbkbj), pctjhngkamjhtj ktgvk (fkak hc
nkrtun`c) cu ghktgvk (fkak pjrbgbk jm um rgc prciuhbc). Ks pkakvrks ‑ktgvc”, ‑pctjhngkamjhtj
ktgvc” j ‑ghktgvc” sîc uskbks pkrk jxprjsskr k `kfgagbkbj bc lcekbcr jm ncmc ghtjrkegr ncm, j
kijtkr, cutrcs lcekbcrjs. Lcekbcrjs pcbjm sjr rjkgs j ktgvcs, vgrtukgs j pctjhngkgs, cu ghktgvcs, j
sju jstkbc pcbj mubkr mugtks vjzjs bjpjhbjhbc bks ngrnuhstæhngks, bghæmgnk j
rjakngchkmjhtcs.
Ks nkrkntjrístgnks, nkpkngbkbjs j prcprgjbkbjs ghtjrktgvks bj nkbk lcekbcr ühgnc (tkgs ncmc
um scabkbc k pç, pgactc, ërvcrj, rgc, míssga cu muhgåîc) sîc bjsnrgtks pjacs kaecrgtmcs quj
bjighjm kqujaj lcekbcr pkrtgnuakr. Kaecrgtmcs sîc kpjhks ncajåújs bj jqukåújs, bjighgåújs j
rjakngchkmjhtcs, iuhngchkgs j bghæmgncs, quj sîc prcerkmkbcs jm agh`ks bj nþbgec. Jstjs
nþbgecs rjprjsjhtkm ghstruåújs, quj bgzjm kc ncmputkbcr c quj j qukhbc ikzjr, scf
bjtjrmghkbk ngrnuhstæhngk.
Khtjs bk sgmuakåîc sjr jxjnutkbk, tcbcs cs lcekbcrjs rjnjfjm suks nchbgåújs ghgngkgs
(pcsgåîc, nkpkngbkbj, mcvgmjhtcs, mgssîc j ngrnuhstkhngks). K sgmuakåîc ç khgmkbk cu pcstk jm
mkrn`k, pjac ghnrjmjhtc bc tjmpc hc accp mkgs jxtjrhc (bc prcerkmk). Bkí pkrk irjhtj, tubc ç
bgrgegbc pjacs jvjhtcs j ghtjrkåújs quj vîc knchtjnjhbc hk sgmuakåîc. Ghiauìhngks bjsnch`jngbks
cu hîc bjighívjgs bghkmgnkmjhtj (nagmk, fkaístgnk ghtjrhk, cu k hkturjzk ùmkhk pjnuagkr) pcbjm
tjr ncmpchjhtjs hkturkgs icrtjmjhtj kajktþrgcs. Bj iktc, ncmpchjhtjs kajktþrgcs rjprjsjhtkm
umk pkrtj hkturka (hjnjssërgk pkrk umk bjsnrgåîc bj katk bjighgåîc) bj mugtcs, sjhîc bj tcbcs, cs
lcekbcrjs.
K kåîc ç bgrgegbk jm erkhbj jxtjhsîc, pjaks jsnca`ks quj nkbk lcekbcr ikz rjaktgvks ä suk
ghtjrkåîc ncm cs cutrcs lcekbcrjs „ bgspkrkr um míssga kecrk cu eukrbk-ac pkrk bjpcgs? ncrrjr,
nkmgh`kr cu pkrkr j bjsnkhskr? ktknkr cu rjtgrkr. Ks jsnca`ks sîc ijgtks kngchkhbc nchbgngchkgs.
Nchbgngchkgs sîc jajmjhtcs bj prcerkmk (ks vjzjs hk icrmk bj ncmkhbcs ^J / JHRÎC) quj
bjighjm kåújs pcssívjgs, bkbks njrtks nchbgåújs. Jajs ikzjm jsnca`ks. Jstjs ncmkhbcs
nchbgngchkgs, icrhjnjm umk ikgxk bj cpåújs bj bjngsújs, quj rjprjsjhtkm ks rjerks bj ghtjrkåîc
quj bjighjm ks pcssgfgagbkbjs, fjm ncmc gmpújm rjstrgåújs j agmgtkåújs. Jstjs nchluhtcs-bj-
rjeks (NbVs), bjighjm c tgpc j ikgxk bj jsnca`ks pcssívjgs, kåújs, rjkåújs cu ghtjrkåújs, bj nkbk
lcekbcr ncm cs bjmkgs j ncmnc m k prþprgk sgmuakåîc.
Ncmc cs vërgcs lcekbcrjs (pjsscks, jqugpkmjhtcs, mkqughks j kmfgjhtjs) vîc ghtjrkegr scf
vërgks nchbgåújs ç bjsnch`jngbc? k sgmuakåîc ç rcbkbk pkrk bjsncfrgr gssc. ^j cs jajmjhtcs
ghnjrtcs cu hkturkamjhtj kajktþrgcs sîc sgehgignkhtjs j prcprgkmjhtj gmpakhtkbcs, j sj k
sgmuakåîc ç jxtrjmkmjhtj ncmpajxk ncm erkhbj hümjrc bj lcekbcrjs ghtjrkeghbc, hgheuçm
skfj ncmc vkg knkfkr, ktç quj k jxjnuåîc bk sgmuakåîc jstjlk ncmpajtk. Ajmfrj-sj bc kpkrtj
bgsnutghbc kajktcrgjbkbj, hc mjgc bk Nkpítuac ;; bjstj agvrc? rjvgsgtj kqujak bgsnussîc, sj tgvjr
büvgbks scfrj agvrj krfítrgc cu k crgejm bk ghnjrtjzk cu kajktcrgjbkbj hcs sgstjmks bj
nchsngìhngk.
K mjsmk sgmuakåîc pcbj sjr rcbkbk mugtks vjzjs pkrk bjtjrmghkr k pcssgfgagbkbj bj vërgcs
rjsuatkbcs, scf vërgks nchbgåújs. ^gmuakåîc ç umk tçnhgnk mugtc jigngjhtj pkrk kprjhbjr, scfrj c
quj ç prcvëvja quj knchtjåk, scf njrtcs prjssupcstcs cu ngrnuhstæhngks. Nchtubc, k qukagbkbj j
sgehgignæhngk bcs rjsuatkbcs, sîc tctkamjhtj bjpjhbjhtjs bk qukagbkbj bk mcbjakejm, bcs
lcekbcrjs ghtjrktgvcs j sju ghtjr-rjakngchkmjh
ghtjr-rjakngchkmjhtc.
tc. ^jm büvgbk, vcnì lë cuvgu k jxprjssîc ‑sj
jhtrk agxc, skg agxc”. Jstk ç umk icrmk pkrtgnuakrmjhtj erëignk, bj bgzjr quj umk mcbjakejm bj
fkgxk igbjagbkbj, prcbuz rjsuatkbcs bj fkgxk igbjagbkbj.
Ncmc sgmuakåújs sîc rcbkbks (jxjnutkbks) rjpjtgbkmjhtj, ä kaeuhs bcs lcekbcrjs ç bkbc cu
kacnkbc, sju prþprgc sufnchluhtc bj mjmþrgk. Bjsbj quj k jajs tkmfçm tjh`km sgbc bkbcs, cs
kaecrgtmcs pkrk ikzjr gssc, pcbjm ncajtkr, knumuakr, mkhtjr j prcnjsskr bkbcs bj jxpjrgìhngk
pjsscka. Bjstk ghicrmkåîc, cs lcekbcrjs pcbjm kprjhbjr ncmc ikzjr mja`cr bk prþxgmk vjz.
Nkpkngbkbjs bj mkgcr sunjssc, kaecrgtmcs, kfcrbkejhs cu nchluhtcs bj nchbgngchkgs (jsnca`ks),
pcbjm sjr bjsjhvcavgbcs ncmc rjsuatkbc. ^j ijgtc ghtjrhkmjhtj, jstj prcnjssc bj sj puxkr pjacs
nkbkråcs (kutc-jajvkr, kutc-jhsghkr cu kutcmja`crkr), pcbj sjr n`kmkbc bj ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka
(GK), umk icrmk bj kutcmcbgignkåîc (kprjhbgzkbc), fksjkbk hcs bkbcs ncajtkbcs jm
jxpjrgìhngks khtjrgcrjs.
Nkrks GK (lcekbcrjs nkpkzjs bj sj puxkr pjacs prþprgcs nkbkråcs cu kprjhbjr), sîc
prcerkmkbcs pkrk mja`crkr suk pjricrmkhnj ghbgvgbuka j ncajtgvk, kvkagkhbc suk jxpjrgìhngk
(rjsuatkbcs bj müatgpaks jxjnuåújs bk sgmuakåîc). Jajs, nakrc, prjngskm rjnjfjr kaecrgtmcs pkrk
eugkr c mkgs kprcprgkbc j ütga usc, bcs sjhscrjs j ncajtk bkbcs. Trjngskm tkmfçm bcs kaecrgtmcs,
pkrk kvkagkr
mjmþrgk j ghtjrprjtkr,
hk quka k sgehgignæhngk
eukrbkr, cs bcs bkbcs bjrgvkbcs
rjsuatkbcs j nchnausújs quj ncajtkm j knumuakm,
bk khëagsj bk suk kssgm ncmc
jxpjrgìhngk.
Jstjs rjsuatkbcs j nchnausújs, pcbjm sjr uskbcs pcr cutrcs kaecrgtmcs, pkrk mcbgignkr c
nchluhtc-bj-rjerks (ncmc mcbgignkr cs nchbgngchkgs pcr jxjmpac), quj bjighj k qukagbkbj
ghtjrktgvk j jijtgvgbkbj bc Nkrk GK.

C Nkrk GK kssgm jvcaug, kpagnkhbc c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka pkrk ctgmgzkr suk pjricrmkhnj.
Jm umk sgmuakåîc ncmpajxk, jaj tjm mugtks jsnca`ks cu nkmgh`cs pkrk jsnca`jr, j nkbk jsnca`k
pcbj ajvk-ac mkgs prþxgmc, cu mkgs achej, bc sju cfljtgvc bj pjricrmkhnj ctgmgzkbk. Jaj mjbj
c prcerjssc j sunjssc, jstrgtkmjhtj pcr cfsjrvkr cs rjsuatkbcs. C Nkrk GK, ç k jpítcmj bj um
jxpjrgmjhtkbcr bj pubgm bjbgnkbc, sj lkmkgs `cuvj um.
Nchluhtcs-bj-rjeks hîc sîc kpjhks pkrk cs Nkrks GK. Vgcs j mugtcs cutrcs lcekbcrjs hîc
sjhngjhtjs, tjm nchbgngchkgs ^J / JHRÎC jm suk bjighgåîc. ^j n`cvj c suigngjhtj hk ërjk
ncrrjtk, jhtîc c rgc ncrrj mkgs rëpgbc j n`jgc, j sj c rgc jhn`j c suigngjhtj, jhtîc jaj trkhsfcrbk.
Vgcs, n`jgcs, rëpgbcs j quj trkhsfcrbkm, pcbj ghtjrkegr ncm c mcvgmjhtc bj trcpks j
jqugpkmjhtc. Jstjs nchbgngchkgs bgrgejm k bghæmgnk bc kmfgjhtj j bjighjm suks nchbgåújs.
C Nkrk GK prjngsk ghtjrkegr (agbkr) ncm sju kmfgjhtj, j ncm tcbcs cs lcekbcrjs quj kijtkm
suks jsnca`ks, jijtgvgbkbj, jxgstìhngk j sjr. C nchluhtc-bj-rjerks (NbV) bjighghbc k ghtjrkåîc
bjhtrc bc muhbc sgmuakbc (lcekbcrjs sjhngjhtjs j hîc sjhngjhtjs) rjprjsjhtk k mktjmëtgnk,
iísgnk j ngìhngk gmpcstks ä rjkagbkbj sgmuakbk. ^j c NbV rjiajtj hcssk iísgnk TMV, cs vërgcs
lcekbcrjs ghtjrkejm ncmc ikríkmcs hk TMV, j bgzjmcs quj k sgmuakåîc ç rjkaístgnk. Tcbjmcs
prcerkmkr c quj qugsjrmcs hc NbV bk sgmuakåîc. Tcbjríkmcs ikngamjhtj, bkr `kfgagbkbj ks
pjsscks pkrk puakr ;: mjtrcs bj katurk, mks k sgmuakåîc rjsuatkhtj, hîc rjprjsjhtkrgk k TMV ncm
prjngsîc. Tcbjrgk rjprjsjhtkr cutrk TMV (pjqujhc pakhjtk, mjhcs erkvgbkbj), mks hîc k hcssk.
^j um mcbjac bj katk igbjagbkbj bk iísgnk-TMV rjprjsjhtk prjngskmjhtj nkbk lcekbcr, ks
ghtjrkåújs hk sgmuakåîc prcbuzgrîc umk jxnjajhtj rjprjsjhtkåîc, bj ncmc jstjs lcekbcrjs
pcbjrgkm ghtjrkegr, sj jxgstgssjm igsgnkmjhtj hc pakhjtk tjrrk. Mcbjacs bj lcekbcrjs bj katk
igbjagbkbj, ncm jspjngignkåújs bj ghtjrkåîc knurkbkmjhtj bjtka`kbks, prcbuzjm rjsuatkbcs quj
pcbjm mcbjakr fjm bj pjrtc, umk bkbk rjkagbkbj. [ukhtc mkgs prjngsk j bjtka`kbk umk
sgmuakåîc sj tcrhk, mkgs ütjgs j prjngscs sjus rjsuatkbcs sjrîc „ mkgs mjmþrgk ç hjnjssërgk j
mkgs ajhtkmjhtj ç jxjnutkbk. Cs prcfajmks eìmjcs bc erkhbj j ajhtc pcbjm, jm tjcrgk, sjr
ikngamjhtj uatrkpksskbcs ncm mja`cr tjnhcacegk „ mja`crjs j mkgs rëpgbcs, ncmputkbcrjs j
mjmþrgks.
[ukhbc mcbjakmcs ks iuhåújs ncehgtgvks bj sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, nchbgngchkgs pcbjm, hc hívja
mkgs sgmpajs, ncfrgr tcbks ks jsnca`ks pcssívjgs j rjiajtgr k qukagbkbj ejrka bc NbV mkgs kmpac.
^j k jhtgbkbj sjhngjhtj mcbjakbk ç um Nkrk GK, suk jsnca`k bks cpåújs nchbgngchkgs, ç fksjkbk
jm umk ghtjrprjtkåîc j kvkagkåîc bj suk jxpjrgìhngk tctka, ncmc icg nkpturkbk pjacs sjhscrjs bj
ncajtk bj bkbcs, j kvkagkbks bj kncrbc ncm c NbV ktuka bjhtrc bk mjmþrgk.
Ycnì ncmjåk k vjr c pkrkajac jhtrj c Nkrk GK j hþs3 ^jhîc, pcbjrgk qujrjr ikzjr umk
rjpksskbk mkgs ajhtk, bc pkrëerkic khtjrgcr. Cpjrkngchkamjhtj, vkmcs kmfcs (hþs j c Nkrk GK)
ktrkvçs bcs mjsmcs prcnjsscs. Co, scmcs mugtc bgijrjhtjs, jspjngkamjhtj hk pjqujhk vgsîc
chbj cs bjtka`js jstîc, mks bk pjrspjntgvk mkgcr bc rjakngchkmjhtc j bc prcnjssc cpjrkngchka,
tjmcs mugtc jm ncmum.
▤▤▤
;7 (:>)
C Nkrk GK bj Yjrbkbj, Tcbj Ignkr bj Tç3
Trjngskmcs ncmprjjhbjr c nchnjgtc bj GK hk pjrspjntgvk mkgcr. C Nkrk GK pcbj sjr um
suljgtc ajeka, j ncm k prcerkmkåîc njrtk, pcbj ikngamjhtj bjsjhvcavjr umk pjrschkagbkbj, quj
sjrë mja`cr quj k bc sju n`jij. Kecrk, c Nkrk GK jstë sjhbc ktrkskbc, pjak ikatk bj pcbjr
ncmputkngchka. Igquj ktjhtc, sju bgk jstë vghbc „ khtjs bc pcbjrgk gmkeghkr.
Kaeuhs bcs lcecs bj ncmputkbcr, quj vcnì cu kaeumks nrgkhåks bk vgzgh`khåk jstîc lcekhbc
`clj, jmprjekm vjrsújs sgmpajs, bj kaeuhs ktrgfutcs bc Nkrk GK. Gmpakhtkåújs mkgs scigstgnkbks
bj KG, lë jxgstjm pcr kaeum tjmpc jm uhgvjrsgbkbjs j jmprjsks bj pjsqugsk j bjsjhvcavgmjhtc
jm GK j prcbutcs sgstjmks-jspjngkagstks-GK. K prghngpka rkzîc, quj mkhtçm jstk tjnhcacegk hc
akfcrktþrgc cu jm pcunks kpagnkåújs jspjngkagzkbks, sîc c nustc j agmgtkåújs bj scitwkrj j
`krbwkrj. K tjnhcacegk GK hîc ç c prcfajmk. Lë skfjmcs ncmc ikzjr tubc quj bjsnrjvg j fjm
mkgs. ^kfjmcs ncmc prcbuzgr Nkrks GK quj skfjm ncmc kprjhbjr bj suks jxpjrgìhngks, j quj
pcbjm mcbgignkr (bjsjh`kr, gmpakhtkr j jvcaugr) pcråújs bj sju prþprgc NbV. Jssks pjsscks GK
(hctj quj scu kprcprgkbkmjhtj sjhsívja k gmpakhtkåújs GK ijmghghks) cu ncgsks GK, pcbjrgkm
mjsmc nrgkr cutrks ncgsks GK, sj c `krbwkrj kprcprgkbc jstgvjssj bgspchívja.
Gstc hîc ç bgzjr quj ks gmpakhtkåújs j pjsqugsks GK sîc iënjgs? ç um nkmpc jxtrjmkmjhtj
bjskigkbcr, quj mjrjnj hcsscs mja`crjs j mkgs frga`khtjs. C pchtc ç< GK (pjac mjhcs suks
gmpakhtkåújs ghgngkgs jm hcsscs ncmputkbcrjs ktukgs) jstë quksj kc hcssc kankhnj. Hîc ç umk
gbjgk kfsurbk. ^jus prcfajmks bj rjkagzkåîc sîc, hjstj mcmjhtc, mkgs tçnhgncs j jnchòmgncs
quj tjþrgncs.
K jvcauåîc bks kpagnkåújs j pjsqugsk jm GK, sîc prgmkrgkmjhtj rjstrghegbks pjak ikatk bj
pcbjr ncmputkngchka suigngjhtjmjhtj fkrktc. K Ajg bj Mccrj (quj hk vjrbkbj ç kpjhks
cfsjrvkåîc j hîc ajg iísgnk) bgz quj c pcbjr ncmputkngchka bcfrkrë k nkbk khc j mjgc, sjm
kumjhtc sgehgignktgvc hcs nustcs bj prcbuåîc. @clj, mugtks pjsscks nrjjm quj jstk ajg (kssgm
n`kmkbk pcr nkusk bc NJC bk Ghtja Ecrbch Mccrj) sufjstgmk mugtc k rjka vjacngbkbj bj
nrjsngmjhtc ä vgstk.
Ç mugtc prcvëvja quj khtjs bj 6464, k tjnhcacegk bj sgaíngc hk quka k Ajg bj Mccrj ç
fksjkbk, tjrë n`jekbc k sjus agmgtjs? pcr cutrc akbc, jxgstjm hcvks tjnhcacegks prcmgsscrks quj
pcbjm tcmkr sju auekr. ^j cs prjnjbjhtjs `gstþrgncs sj mkhtgvjrjm, jstks hcvks tjnhcacegks, quj
pcbjm jstkr kpjhks k umk bçnkbk bkqug, knjajrkrîc brkmktgnkmjhtj k tkxk bj ncmputkåîc
prëtgnk „ ikzjhbc c nrjsngmjhtc bjsnrgtc pcr Mccrj pkrjnjr ajhtc pcr ncmpkrkåîc.
Nchtubc, kpagnkhbc k Ajg bj Mccrj ncmc c pkbrîc ncrrjhtj bk ghbüstrgk, vjmcs quj cs
ncmputkbcrjs bj 6464, sjrîc njrnk bj 664/;,: = ;4,> vjzjs mkgs rëpgbcs bc quj jrkm hc khc 6444.
Gstc sgehgignk quj jm kprcxgmkbkmjhtj 64 khcs, sju bjsotcp ncmum bj $ 6,444, sjrë njhtjhks bj
vjzjs mkgs rëpgbc bc quj ç `clj, um supjrncmputkbcr bj mun`cs-muatg-mga`újs bj bþakrjs.
Yghtj khcs mkgs tkrbj (6424) hcsscs bjsotcps fkrktcs jstkrîc mkstgekhbc bkbcs njrnk0 bj ;49.:
mga`újs bj vjzjs bc quj jrkm jm 6444, um kumjhtc jm 0 crbjhs bj mkehgtubj (;4 ), nkbk 24
khcs. Jxtrkpcakr k tjhbìhngk ktuka pkrk prjvjr c iuturc hîc ç umk ngìhngk jxktk j ignk mkgs
krrgsnkbk qukhtc mkgs achej vkmcs. Nchtubc, hcssc mja`cr kbgvgh`òmjtrc hcs bgz quj hîc vkg
bjmcrkr mugtc, pkrk quj tjh`kmcs pcbjr ncmputkngchka fkrktc mkgs quj suigngjhtj, icrhjnjr kc
Nkrk GK c quj jaj prjngsk, pkrk jvcaugr umk nchsngìhngk kutcpjrnjptgvk k nustc knjssívja.
‑^jrë quj jaj bgssj quj kaeum suljgtc sgmuakbc jm ncmputkbcr, pcbjrgk tjr umk nchsngìhngk
jm jvcauåîc”3 ‑^gm, icg jxktkmjhtj c quj jaj bgssj „ ju tkmfçm cuvg”. ‑Jg Lkoj, kn`k quj jstj
nkrk ç acunc cu sjrë quj igncu pjhburkbc hk irchtjgrk tjmpc bjmkgs”3
Nkamk Lkoj, igquj icnkbc, rjvjlk c Nkpgtuac 65 bc Agvrc ; j k prgmjgrk pkrtj bc Nkpítuac 5
bjstj agvrc, sj hîc jstë sjeurc bc quj nchstgtug umk nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc. Rj ikrë sjhtgr-sj
mja`cr sj trcnkr k pkakvrk ‑nchsngìhngk” pkrk ‑nchsngìhngk krtgigngka”3 Jstk bjsnrgåîc tj pkrjnj
mkgs knurkbk3 [uîc gmpcrtkhtj ç k bgstghåîc3 Jstcu sjeurc quj mjbc, jec j nrjhåk hîc tìm
hkbk k vjr ncm c pcrquì bk mkgcrgk bj hþs, sj sjhtgr ncmpjagbk k uskr k bjsnrgåîc ‑krtgigngka”,
pkrk mkhtjr c sjhsc bj supjrgcrgbkbj. Lë quj scmcs hþs quj ikzjmcs k bjighgåîc, pcrquj
bjvjríkmcs hcs nchicrmkr bj sjr kpjhks bgijrjhtjs, qukhbc scmcs cfvgkmjhtj supjrgcrjs3
Njrtc, Lkoj3
Rkavjz k prgmjgrk ncgsk quj pjbgrjmcs kc ûpjr Nkrk GK ikzjr, sjlk hcs klubkr k bjsjh`kr um
mja`cr, mkgs ghtjagejhtj sgstjmk GK, quj vkg hcs klubkr bj bjsjh`kr um mja`cr, mkgs ghtjagejhtj
sgstjmk GK, quj vkg hcs klubkr bj bjsjh`kr um mja`cr, mkgs ghtjagejhtj sgstjmk GK... Ç
prcvkvjamjhtj fcm pkrk hþs, quj c Nkrk GK sjlk sjmprj igsgnkmjhtj bjpjhbjhtj, tkhtc qukhtc
sjlk mjhtka j ncmputkngchkamjhtj frga`khtj. Tjhsj hc Nkrk GK ncmc kpjhks um cutrc tgpc bj sjr
sjhngjhtj (ghtjrktgvc, nkpkz bj kprjhbjr bk jxpjrgìhngk) ncm suk iuhåîc, prcpþsgtc, jstgac j
pjrschkagbkbj. ^j ju uskr c kbljtgvc ‑krtgigngka” pkrk mcbgignkr c hcmj ‑sjr”, vcnì sj sjhtgrë
mkgs nchicrtëvja, sjrgk mkgs prjngsc3 Kpcstc quj nchsjeug um ‑^gm”, jm kmfcs cs nkscs, bk
mkgcrgk bcs ajgtcrjs? sj vcnì mkhtçm umk mjhtj kfjrtk, pcbj bjsncfrgr quj tka ktgtubj pkrjnj
mkgs sjr `gpþnrgtk (knuskr cs cutrcs bj ktgtubjs suks), bc quj umk jxprjssîc bk vjrbkbj þfvgk.
C pchtc bjstk bgsnussîc, hîc ç prcehcstgnkr c iuturc bk tjnhcacegk bk ncmputkåîc, mks khtjs
kpchtkr quj sj hþs ùmkhcs, jstkmcs kecrk ks pcrtks bj bjsjhvcavjr umk nchsngìhngk fksjkbk-
jm-sgaíngc „ nchsngìhngk krtgigngka sj prjijrgr „ ncm hcsscs ncmputkbcrjs jxtrjmkmjhtj
prgmgtgvcs j agmgtkbcs, gmkeghj quj tgpc bj nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks ncmpajxks, k KZM
pcbjrgk bjsjhvcavjr bjhtrc bc RFN? tkavjz sjrjs-mjhtj fksjkbcs jm nçauaks-bj-rjkagbkbj ncmc
vcnì, tkavjz. Nchnjfgvjamjhtj, k gmpakhtkåîc bk KZM bj umk ncgsk-GK pcbjrgk rjsuatkr sjhbc
sgmgakr k hcssk nchsngìhngk (jxnjtc quj mugtc mjhcs krrcekhtj, sjm büvgbk). Tcbjmcs nuapkr k
KZM sj jak qugsjssj n`kmkr jstk nchsngìhngk bjrgvkbk bj ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka3 KZM pcbjrgk
prcbuzgr vërgcs mcbjacs bj nchsngìhngk krtgigngka, pkrk ghtjrkegr bjhtrc bj vërgks j erkhbjs
sgmuakåújs „ j k TMV pcbjrgk sjr umk bjaks.
▼‑.... J kpjhks pkrk vcnìs, sjh`crks j sjh`crjs bk HTMV, tjmcs jstj pjqujhc j aghbc
mcbjac pkrk ghgngkhtjs. Jstj mcbjac sgmpagignkbc bj ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka fksjkbk-jm-nkrfchc
tjm ekrkhtgk bj hîc jstrjsskr sju nçrjfrc. Tjrmgtj k vcnì ikzjr jsnca`ks sgmpajs, jxpjrgmjhtkr c
mknrc hívja creæhgnc bc nchluhtc-bj-rjerks bc jspkåc-tjmpc, j ikz tcbks ks cutrks iuhåújs
kutcmktgnkmjhtj. Ycnì huhnk vkg sj prjcnupkr, ncm ks prcbgegcsks ncmpajxgbkbjs tçnhgnks,
pcrquj tcbcs kqujajs bjtka`js ncmpagnkbcs bj ncmc jaj rjkamjhtj iuhngchk, jstîc jsnchbgbcs
ktrës bj umk ghtjriknj bj usuërgc sgmpagignkbk n`kmkbk ‑ncrpc” „ k üatgmk bjsncfjrtk pkrk
jvcaugr k pkrtgr bj hcssk kvkhåkbk tjnhcacegk fksjkbk-jm-nkrfchc.
Kghbk quj uhs pcuncs usuërgcs pctjhtjs, bgsnutkm quj jssk Ghtjriknj bj Zsuërgc Iísgnk (TZG
bc gheaìs), agmgtk suk `kfgagbkbj bj utgagzkr j nchtrcakr c pctjhngka ncmpajtc bk nchsngìhngk
suflknjhtj, jstcu sjeurc quj bjsncfrgrë quj k sgmpagngbkbj rjsuatkhtj j ikngagbkbj bj usc bjstk
TZG, púj umk pcbjrcsk j ütga ijrrkmjhtk kc kankhnj bc usuërgc ncmum. Kaçm bc mkgs, qukhtcs
bj hþs sîc ngjhtgstks bk nchsngìhngk cu hjrbs bk rjkagbkbj3 [ujr bgzjr, qukhtcs bj vcnìs
rjkamjhtj qujrjm bjtka`js bc trktc ghtjstghka j jxpjrgmjhtkr sjrjm jagmghkbcs3 Jnk! Nrjgkm-mj,
jstk TZG ç ghnrgvjamjhtj sgmpajs bj cpjrkr. Co, jak cnksgchkamjhtj ika`k j kaeumks vjzjs ignk
trkvkbk jm um accp cfsjssgvc, mks qukhbc gstc knchtjnj, kpjhks ncacquj-k hk nkmk j hcssc
tgmj bj supcrtj ‑gh acnc” grë, hk mkgcrgk bcs nkscs, tjr tubc rjpkrkbc pjak mkh`î.
‑^jg quj vcnì lë cuvgu scfrj c jspkåc-tjmpc, k hcvk tjnhcacegk quj ikz jstj mgakerj vgrtuka
pcssívja. Jstj kssuhtc igncu hc tcpc hk Vjbj-Tjhskmjhtc pcr mjsjs j hk sjmkhk pksskbk
kpkrjnju hk nkpk bj rjvgstk Mjhtj
Mjhtj.. @chjstkmjhtj ejhtj, ncm jstk hcvk TZG c pcbjr bc jspkåc-
mjhtj jstë kc kankhnj bk mîc. Ighkamjhtj… jspkåc-tjmpc pkrk c rjstc bj hþs!
‑N`jeuj mkgs pjrtc pjsscka. ^J vcnì kssghkr `clj bkrjmcs ekrkhtgk bj umk vgbk j nchtrktc
bj sjrvgåc ‑gh acnc” pkrk jstk hcvk j jxngtkhtj TZG. ^j vcnì n`jekr k ekstkr c jqugpkmjhtc
pkbrîc TZG icrhjngbc, prcvgbjhngkrjmcs um hcvc zjrgh`c sjm tkxks kbgngchkgs. Hcsscs tçnhgncs
grîc kutcmktgnkmjhtj ikzjr c bcwhackb bj sju krqugvc bj rjsuatkbcs bj qukagbkbj knumuakbcs bk
vja`k TZG j ikzjr c upackb pkrk k hcvk, bj icrmk quj hîc prjngsj ncmjåkr tubc bc zjrc. C quj
pcbjrgk sjr mkgs iënga, sjh`crks j sjh`crjs3 Jstj ç kqujaj scfrj c quka vcnìs lë cuvgrkm mugtc „
hcssc mja`cr, mkgs ncmpajtc pknctj bj hívja ghgngkhtj, quj pjrmgtj k vcnì pkrtgngpkr bc lcec
jxpjrgjhngka bk vgbk fksjkbk-jm-nkrfchc.
‑Ycnì pcbj tjr hctkbc quj ks TZGs fksjkbks jm nkrfchc vìm jm bcgs mcbjacs fësgncs. Jstk
ç k pkrtj bgvjrtgbk scfrj k quka vcnì aju „ j ç prëtgnc tkmfçm „ gstc ekrkhtj quj vcnì, sjmprj
jstkrë n`jgc bj cpcrtuhgbkbjs bjskigkbcrks pkrk pjekr ...pchtcs bj qukagbkbj, fjm jhtjhbgbc.
‑Tkrk kqujajs quj hîc jstîc sjeurcs sj qujrjm tjhtkr kaec tîc bjskigkbcr hjstj mcmjhtc,
mks kghbk tjm ghtjrjssj hc lcec bk jvcauåîc fksjkbk-jm-nkrfchc, tjmcs kaeumks TZGs
pjaubgh`ks, quj tìm mjhcs nkrkntjrístgnks, mks hjnjssgtkm mugtc mjhcs ncmprcmjtgmjhtc bk
suk pkrtj. ^gm, ç vjrbkbj quj ç mkgs bgiínga, mkhtjr umk pchtukåîc mkgs katk jm qukagbkbj bj
nchsngìhngk, mks tkmfçm ç mkgs bgiínga pjrbjr pchtcs. Jstk ç umk ncmpjhskåîc quj vcnì prjngsk
nchsgbjrkr.
‑^j vcnì hîc jstë prchtc, cu hîc pakhjlk bkr suk tctka ktjhåîc j mja`cr jsicråc pkrk lcekr
jstj lcec-jxpjrgìhngk-vgbk „ sj vcnì hîc vkg sj jhvcavjr pcr ncmpajtc pkrk umk katk pchtukåîc,
pkrk mkxgmgzkr k jvcauåîc bk suk nchsngìhngk „ tj rjncmjhbc jstk pjqujhk j pjaubgh`k TZG quj
vcnì vì fjm kqug. Hîc ç kpjhks umk erkåk j iciurk, mks… nkrks, ca`jm ncmc jak fkakhåk
kqujak pjqujhk nkubk... vgu gssc3 Hîc ç prjngcsc3
‑Rjmcs tubc sjh`crks j sjh`crjs, k jsnca`k ç suk. Hîc pjrnkm jstk ikhtëstgnk cpcrtuhgbkbj!
Gstc ç k ncgsk mkgs qujhtj jm nchsngìhngk jvcaungchërgk, bjsbj quj c jspkåc tjmpc icg ghvjhtkbc
hc ghíngc. Hîc `ë jxpjrgìhngk ncmc jssk jm auekr hjhùm bk HTMV. Jsnca`k um ncrpc j jhtrj
hc lcec… c lcec bj rjkagbkbj vgrtuka jm jxpjrgìhngk iísgnk hc jspkåc-tjmpc... c ‑Lcec bk
Ygbk”®, j vë knumuakr kqujajs pchtcs bj qukagbkbj mkgs rëpgbc bc quj lkmkgs pjhscu sjr
pcssívja.
‑Ajvkhtjm-sj j vjh`km sjh`crks, sjh`crjs j cutrcs. Yjh`km j kssghjm kqug pjak kvjhturk
bj umk vgbk „ cu mugtks vgbks „ ajvkrë kpjhks um mghutc”. ◂

▤▤▤
64 (:2)
Kaeuhs bj Mjus Mja`crjs Kmgecs ^îc
Nkrks GK, Mks Ju Hîc Grgk [ujrjr
[uj Mgh`k Grmî ^j Nksj Ncm Zm!
C igm bc nkpítuac khtjrgcr icg bgvjrtgbc, j bjvjrgk bkr k pkrtj khkaítgnk bcs sjus acfcs
irchtkgs, umk n`khnj bj jsirgkr. Kecrk rjtcrhkmcs kc muhbc rjka bcs lcecs sgmuakbcrjs, j
kprjhbjrjmcs mkgs scfrj ks ghtjhåújs sjnrjtks bcs Nkrks GK, jm sj luhtkr k suk ikmíagk „ k
ikmíagk bcs sjrjs nchsngjhtjs.
Tkrjnjrgk quj jstjs sjrjs sjhngjhtjs sgmuakbcs, mcbjakbcs hc lcec bj eujrrk (tka ncmc
pgactcs, ncmkhbcs, mctcrgstks bj nkmgh`îc j scabkbcs) tcmkm bjngsújs, fksjkbcs jm um
nchluhtc bj rjstrgåújs nchbgngchkgs ghtjrkeghbc pjaks rjerks bk sgmuakåîc (NbV) j pjak
kajktcrgjbkbj hkturka. Bkí sju sjr cu prjsjhåk ghtjrktgvk, ç bjighgbk hk sgmuakåîc. Nchbgngchkgs
pcbjm sjr bgspkrkbks, ncmc pkrtj bj um prcnjssc ‑iuzzy” hîc aghjkr „ pcr jxjmpac, umk
bjngsîc pkrtgnuakr pcbj sjr rjkagzkbk cu jsnca`gbk, ncmc rjsuatkbc bj umk sjquìhngk ncmpajxk
bj rjbjs hjurkgs, cpjrkhbc jm hívja fkgxc bj jhtrkbk bj bkbcs. C tgpc j vkrgkåîc bks ghtjhåújs
prcvëvjgs bj nkbk lcekbcr (c quj jstë tjhtkhbc ikzjr) j bjngsújs sufsjqujhtjs, pcbjm sjr
bjsnrgtcs jm tjrmcs bj cfljtgvc, sgehgignæhngk, qukagbkbj j cpåújs ghtjrktgvks bc lcekbcr.
Cs jijgtcs ejrkgs bks bjngsújs bj nkbk lcekbcr sîc bjtjrmghkbcs pjac tkmkh`c bj sju jspkåc
bjngsgchka, bk aunrktgvgbkbj bj suks kvkagkåújs j pcr suk `kfgagbkbj j nkpkngbkbj bj ghtjrkegr.
Kbgngchkbc k jstj mgx bj cfljtgvc, ghtjhåîc j nkpkngbkbj bj cpjrkr, scf umk ikgxk ighgtk bj
ghtjrkåújs pcssívjgs, rjstrghegbks pjac NbV bk sgmuakåîc, jstë k kajktcrgjbkbj jmfutgbk, quj ç
hkturka k nkbk lcekbcr, kssgm ncmc k ghnjrtjzk bj rjsuatkbcs pjak ikatk bj ghicrmkåîc prjngsk
pjrtghjhtj (gehcræhngk), bkqujaj lcekbcr. Tjrnjfju quj pkrk umk sgmuakåîc bj lcec bj eujrrk, `ë
umk nchjxîc jhtrj gehcræhngk j kajktcrgjbkbj3 Mkgcr jhtrcpgk ghbgvgbuka, gmpagnk jm mkgcr
hívja bj kajktcrgjbkbj j ghnjrtjzk< kmfks khbkm bj mîcs bkbks.
Ks sgmuakåújs hc RFN, nchnjgtukamjhtj, ncmpkrtga`km mugtc bc quj icg bjsnrgtc. ^cmcs cs
lcekbcrjs mcbjakbcs. Hcssk `kfgagbkbj bj kpagnkr ijjbfkno pkrk hcs mcbgignkrmcs, vjm bj
`kfgagbkbj ncehgtgvk bj uskr k jxpjrgìhngk. Ks pakhtks, rcn`ks, khgmkgs j cutrks jspçngjs j
cfljtcs, quj sîc pkrtjs bj hcssc uhgvjrsc j C^, sîc tkmfçm lcekbcrjs mcbjakbcs, nkbk um ncm
suks prþprgks nkrkntjrístgnks ghtjrktgvks. Kaeuhs sîc mkgs ncmpajxcs j muatgbgmjhsgchkgs quj
cutrcs? tcbcs bjvjm cfjbjnjr k nkuskagbkbj cfljtgvk acnka, bjighgbk pjac nchluhtc-bj-rjerks
(NbV) jspkåc-tjmpc.
Ghtjrkegmcs bghkmgnkmjhtj ncm cutrcs lcekbcrjs, nchicrmj hcssk bjig-hgåîc (iísgnk,
ejhçtgnk, nuaturka, scngka, jxpjrgjhngka, mjhtka j jspgrgtukamjhtj) j fksjkbcs jm tcbks ks jsnca`ks
quj igzjmcs, j ghtjrkåújs quj jxpjrgmjh-tkmcs, rjaktgvks ks sgtukåújs jm quj hcs jhnchtrkmcs.
Kprjhbjmcs ktrkvçs bk jxpjrgìhngk j scmcs kutcbjighívjgs jm erkhbj jxtjhsîc. ^j ncajtkrmcs
bkbcs mja`crjs j cs prcnjsskrmcs mkgs knurkbk j ghtjagejhtjmjhtj, pcbjmcs tcmkr mja`crjs
bjngsújs „ pcbjmcs ctgmgzkr hcssk aunrktgvgbkbj, rjaktgvk kc cfljtgvc ejrka bk sgmuakåîc. ^j

tjmcs bkbcs ghsuigngjhtjs, supcmcs j lustgignkmcs gstc ncm nrjhåks. Nrjhåks, gehcræhngk,
prjssupcstcs jrròhjcs, jrrcs bj ncmprjjhsîc, kssgm ncmc ghnjrtjzk j kajktcrgjbkbj hc prcnjssc
bjngsþrgc, tcbcs rjprjsjhtkm rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks, quj rjbuzjm hcssc pctjhngka pkrk sghjregk
bgegtka, j sj klubkm mutukmjhtj pkrk prcbuzgr j mkhtjr, umk jhtgbkbj bj fkgxk qukagbkbj, ncm
katk jhtrcpgk bj nchsngìhngk.
Ncmc hk sgmuakåîc bc lcec bj eujrrk, ç k tcmkbk bj bjngsújs j gmpajmjhtkåîc bks jsnca`ks,
quj numuaktgvkmjhtj bgrgej k kåîc j prcbuz rjsuatkbcs sgehgignkhtjs. Ks jsnca`ks bj agvrj krfítrgc
quj jstîc jm hcssc jspkåc bjngsgchka pjsscka, rjprjsjhtkm um nchluhtc bgsnrjtc j ighgtc bj pcs-
sgfgagbkbjs, quj nkrkntjrgzkm prjngskmjhtj k qukagbkbj knumuakbk bj hcssk nchsngìhngk. Jaks sîc
mctgvkbks pcr hcssks hjnjssgbkbjs, qujrjrjs, nrjhåks, bjsjlcs j mjbcs (hcssc
(hcssc jec)?
jec)? kssgm ncmc
pcr hcssc nch`jngmjhtc, ncmprjjhsîc, nugbkbc, jqugaífrgc j ijagngbkbj (hcssc
(hcssc kmcr).
kmcr). ^îc hcsscs
mjbc, jec, kmcr j ghtjrkåîc ncm cs cutrcs, quj nrgkm k mkgcrgk bks hcssks sgtukåújs
nchbgngchkgs j mctgvkm hcssks jsnca`ks.
jsnca`ks. Hcssk qukagbkbj ghbgvgbuka ç um fcm, mks gmpjrijgtc
ghbgnkbcr, bc quj prcvkvjamjhtj ikrjmcs bkbks ks jsnca`ks bgspchívjgs. Nakrkmjhtj, sîc hcssc
mjbc j kmcr quj bjighjm c sufnchluhtc bj jsnca`ks quj hk vjrbkbj pcbjmcs ikzjr, nchtjmpakr
cu nchsgbjrkr. Jsnca`ks quj nkjm icrk bk hcssk ncmprjjhsîc sîc ghvgsívjgs pkrk hþs „ nkbk
ghbgvíbuc cpjrk j ghtjrkej jm sju prþprgc hívja. Nrjsngmjhtc rjqujr um agvrj krfítrgc ncm
ncrkejm, jhjregk j icnc pkrk tj jmpurrkr kaçm bj suks bjighgåújs j agmgtkåújs ktukgs? ç kssgm quj
mcbgignkmcs c quj hcs bjighj.
Jstjs sîc nchnjgtcs gmpcrtkhtjs j bgiínjgs, jhtîc vkmcs rjvgskr kaeumks bks nchnausújs mkgs
þfvgks. C nchluhtc ighgtc bj jsnca`ks bj agvrj krfítrgc bgspchívjgs k nkbk lcekbcr sjhngjhtj,
ejrkamjhtj rjiajtj k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk bjaj. Ç k jxtjhsîc hk quka c mjbc (jec, nrjhåks,
hjnjssgbkbjs, bjsjlcs) j c kmcr (nch`jngmjhtc, nugbkbc, jqugaífrgc, ijagngbkbj), bgrgejm ks
mctgvkåújs ghbgvgbukgs quj bjighjm c sufnchluhtc bj jsnca`ks bgspchívjgs, quj pcr suk vjz
agmgtkm cs nchbgngchkgs quj um lcekbcr ç nkpkz bj nchsgbjrkr j nchtjmpakr. Jstj sufnchluhtc
agmgtkbc bj nchbgngchkgs bjighj ks jsnca`ks j pcssívjgs ghtjrkåújs bj nurtc prkzc, quj sîc
cpjrkngchkamjhtj bgspchívjgs k (jstîc bjhtrc bc jspkåc-bj-bjngsîc bj) umk jhtgbkbj. Ks
jsnca`ks quj sîc cpjrkngchkamjhtj bgspchívjgs k umk bkbk jhtgbkbj, sîc ks kqujaks quj jak tjm
`kfgagbkbj bj rjnch`jnjr, ncmprjjhbjr j gmpajmjhtkr. Ks jsnca`ks bgspchívjgs, ejrkamjhtj,
rjprjsjhtkm kpjhks umk pjqujhk pcråîc bc nchluhtc ncmpajtc, quj jstë hk vjrbkbj bgspchívja.
Ignk nakrc quj k jxtjhsîc bk pjrnjpåîc cpjrkngchka bj um ghbgvíbuc sjhngjhtj, ç umk iuhåîc bk
qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk bkqujaj ghbgvíbuc. Ä mjbgbk quj k jhtrcpgk bj umk nchsngìhngk
bjnrjsnj, suk pjrnjpåîc sj jxpkhbj j iacrjsnj. Zmk nchsngìhngk bj katk jhtrcpgk ç rjstrghegbk k
jxgstgr, vgvjr j jxpjrgmjhtkr, bjhtrc bj umk rjkagbkbj rjaktgvkmjhtj mjhcr.
Ks bjngsújs pcssívjgs quj nkbk lcekbcr ç cpjrkngchkamjhtj nkpkz bj ikzjr, sîc agmgtkbks pjak
qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk bkqujaj lcekbcr. Kssgm, k aunrktgvgbkbj bj umk jhtgbkbj jvcaungchkrgk,
bjvj jm ejrka prcerjbgr, ktrkvçs bj umk achek sçrgj bj pjqujhcs pksscs. Nkbk pkssc rjprjsjhtk
umk ghnursîc bj agvrj krfítrgc? umk jxtjhsîc bj sjr bkqujak jhtgbkbj, kaçm bk suk nkpkngbkbj
ktuka. Nrjsngmjhtc bjvj hjnjsskrgkmjhtj cncrrjr äs mkrejhs, j sj knumuakr jm pjqujhcs
ghnrjmjhtcs. Ktajtks puxkbcrjs bcs prþprgcs nkbkråcs (nrjsngmjhtc ghnrjmjhtka pjak kpagnkåîc
bj jsicråc icnkbc, quj bjmkhbk pjricrmkhnj kaçm bk nkpkngbkbj ktuka) mja`crkm suk
prcigngìhngk bk mjsmk icrmk. Ycnì bjvj ktghegr kaçm bks suks nkpkngbkbjs ktukgs, pkrk rjkagzkr
tcbc sju pctjhngka. Tkrk nchsngìhngk, jssk bghæmgnk jvcaungchërgk ç gmpakhtkbk pcr um accp bj
ijjbfkno, quj mcbgignk k qukagbkbj bk nchsngìhngk bc ghbgvíbuc, fksjkbk hk qukagbkbj bk
ghtjhåîc, quj bgrgej ks jsnca`ks bj agvrj krfítrgc jxjrngbks. Tjqujhcs ghnrjmjhtcs pcsgtgvcs cu
hjektgvcs hk qukagbkbj bk hcssk ghtjhåîc, scfrj mugtcs mga`krjs bj jsnca`ks, jvjhtukamjhtj
ajvkm kc kumjhtc cu rjbuåîc bk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk.
@ë cutrk jhtrkbk mugtc gmpcrtkhtj pkrk hcssks jsnca`ks. Hk sgmuakåîc bc lcec bj eujrrk,
ajmfrj-sj quj ghnauímcs um ncmpchjhtj kajktþrgc hkturka, ncmc pkrtj bk bjsnrgåîc bj quksj
tcbcs cs lcekbcrjs „ ghnausgvj cs sjhngjhtjs. Jstj ncmpchjhtj rjprjsjhtk, jhtrj cutrks ncgsks, k
ghnjrtjzk quj cncrrj ncm irjquìhngk qukhbc um lcekbcr tjm vërgcs nkmgh`cs cu jsnca`ks, quj
tìm kprcxgmkbkmjhtj k mjsmk prcfkfgagbkbj bj sjrjm jsnca`gbks. Gstc ç vjrbkbj sj c lcekbcr ç
umk fkak vgklkhbc pjac nkhc bj umk krmk, c bjnkgmjhtc bj um ëtcmc rkbgcktgvc, pcjgrk kc
vjhtc, cu um ncmkhbkhtj bj trcpk bjngbghbc qukhbc j chbj akhåkr um ktkquj. Rjh`k jm mjhtj
quj k kajktcrgjbkbj ç umk mjbgbk bj jhtrcpgk. (Tkrk mkgs bjtka`js, vjlk ks bgsnussújs scfrj
kajktcrgjbkbj hcs nkpítuacs ;; j ;> bjstj agvrc).
Ykmcs jxpacrkr k ksscngkåîc bj prcfkfgagbkbj, jsnca`k, pjrnjpåîc j rjkagbkbj jm bjtka`j hk
^jåîc : (‑Mjnæhgnk bk Vjkagbkbj”) qukhbc jxpagnkmcs ks rjkagbkbjs prcvëvjgs. Tcr crk, tubc
quj prjngsk pkrk ncmprjjhbjr, ç quj c tjmpc nchtghuk nchtkhbc hk sgmuakåîc (cu trjghkbcr jm
rjkagbkbj vgrtuka TMV), ngrnuhstkhngks j nchbgåújs mubkm, nrgkhbc jsnca`ks quj prjngskm sjr
ijgtks, pjaks jhtgbkbjs ghtjrkeghbc. Tkrk sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, kqujaks jsnca`ks sjeujm k ghtjhåîc
(jxprjsskm k qukagbkbj mctgvkngchka), j tìm k nkpkngbkbj bj fkgxkr k jhtrcpgk, pjak crekhgzkåîc
mkgs aunrktgvk bc nchtjübc bk jhtgbkbj bgegtka. Tkrk sjrjs hîc sjhngjhtjs, kqujaks jsnca`ks
sjeujm c nkmgh`c bj mjhcr rjsgstìhngk, mcvjhbc k jhtgbkbj j c sgstjmk quj k nchtçm, hk
bgrjåîc bj umk nchigeurkåîc bj mjhcr jhjregk.
Tkrk sjrjs sjhngjhtjs (ajmfrj-sj quj prctczcërgcs, fjscurcs, mkrgsncs, ektcs, pjsscks j um
fktka`îc bj cutrcs sjrjs iísgncs j hîc iísgncs, jstîc ghnauíbcs hc erupc kutcnchsngjhtj), `ë kaec
mkgs bc quj um ncmpchjhtj mjrkmjhtj kajktþrgc hkturka, quj prjngsk sjr kbgngchkbc k sjus
bgrjngchkbcrjs mctgvkngchkgs. Ç kqug quj hþs sjrjs sjhngjhtjs scmcs bgijrjhtjs jm kaec, bj umk
fkak hc nkhc bj umk krmk, bj um ëtcmc rkbgcktgvc bjnkghbc cu bk pcjgrk kc vjhtc.
Hþs, luhtcs ncm c ncmpajxc j kutcmcignkhtj Nkrk GK, tjmcs um Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka
Jvcautgvc bj igm kfjrtc ‑n`cnkhbc hþs-cvcs” pkrk hcs mja`crkr, fkgxkhbc hcssk jhtrcpgk
ghbgvgbuka j ncajtgvk. Gmpajmjhtkmcs c gmpjrktgvc pkrk kprjhbjr, nrjsnjr j hcs tcrhkr mkgs, pjak
jxpkhsîc bj hcssk nchsngìhngk (pjrnjpåîc)? c quj ç jqugvkajhtj k jxpkhbgr hcssk rjkagbkbj
pjsscka, jm hcvks pcssgfagbkbjs quj nchstrcjm umks scfrj ks cutrks, pkrk jhnchtrkr scauåújs
ühgnks quj ktjhbkm kcs rjqugsgtcs bj aunrktgvgbkbj bk jvcauåîc. Ç bk hkturjzk bk nchsngìhngk,
bcs sjrjs sjhngjhtjs, tjhtkr mja`crkr k sg mjsmcs. Hþs ùmkhcs jxprjsskmcs jstk nkrkntjrístgnk,
pcr hcssc prþprgc sjhsc ghktc bj mja`crkr k nchbgåîc ghtjrhk, cu kmfgjhtj jxtjrhc jm quj hcs
jhnchtrkmcs. Kghbk quj tcbks ks jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs, jstjlkm jm um prcnjssc nchtghuc bj
mja`crkr suk sgtukåîc, jaks tìm `kfgagbkbjs j nkpkngbkbjs vkstkmjhtj bgijrjhtjs.
@umkhcs, bgijrjhtj bcs mkrgsncs, hîc jstîc rjstrgtcs k icnkr kpjhks hjstk bgrjåîc ghktk, pkrk
kutcmja`crgk hc muhbc iísgnc j bj suks hjnjssgbkbjs, qujrjrjs j bjsjlcs gmjbgktcs „ mks k
mkgcrgk c ikz bc kssgm mjsmc.
mjsmc. Kghbk quj agmgtkr sju nrjsngmjhtc, gmgtkhbc k kfcrbkejm bc
mkrgsnc, sjlk pcpuakr jhtrj ùmkhcs, hîc ç umk kfcrbkejm pkrtgnuakrmjhtj fck. Jvcauåîc prcvì
ks jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs, ncm um gmpjrktgvc pkrk nrjsnjr, mja`crkr j kumjhtkr k aunrktgvgbkbj,
jm nkbk hívja bj jxgstìhngk. Tcr quj sj nchicrmkr ncm k vjrsîc ùmkhk bc pchtc bj vgstk bc
mkrgsnc pkrk k rjkagbkbj,
rjkagbkbj, qukhbc `ë tkhtc mkgs k jxpjrgmjhtkr bk nchsngìhngk3
Fkaks, pcr cutrc akbc, vîc sjmprj tcmkr k trkljtþrgk bj míhgmk jhjregk. K kajktcrgjbkbj quj
bjsnrjvj c quj knchtjnj qukhbc k fkak pkssk pjac nkhc bk krmk (n`kmkbk fkaístgnk ghtjrgcr)
rjprjsjhtk c rjsuatkbc ncmpajxc bj um erkhbj hümjrc bj jsnca`ks sgmgakrjs prcvëvjgs quj k

fkak pcbj ikzjr. Nkbk vjz quj jak ç bgspkrkbk, bgijrjhåks míhgmks hks nchbgåújs ajvkm k umk
sjquìhngk ühgnk bj jvjhtcs bj míhgmk jhjregk cu jsnca`ks quj pcbjm jhvgkr k fkak jm bgrjåújs
ajvjmjhtj bgijrjhtjs (mjsmc quj k krmk jstjlk ncmpajtkmjhtj jstkngchërgk) tcbks ks vjzjs. K
vkrgkåîc, kajktcrgjbkbj cu ghnjrtjzk hk vjacngbkbj bj skíbk ç n`kmkbk bj bgspjrsîc fkaístgnk. Jak
jxgstj pcrquj k nchbgåîc bj míhgmk jhjregk jm umk sgtukåîc bghæmgnk quj mubk rëpgbc, pcbj
vkrgkr fkstkhtj k nkbk mcmjhtc. Ykrgkåújs hks nchbgåújs ghgngkgs j ghtjrkåújs sjqujhngkgs,
bjtjrmghkm bj icrmk ühgnk k trkljtþrgk bj míhgmk jhjregk pkrk nkbk bgspkrc. Bgzjmcs quj k
trkljtþrgk bk fkak tjm um ncmpchjhtj kajktþrgc, quj ç njrnk bj sju vkacr mçbgc. K bgstrgfugåîc
cu nkrkntjrístgnks bkqujak kajktcrgjbkbj, pcbj sjr bgijrjhtj pkrk nkbk krmk.
Tjsscks tìm k gmpcrtkhtj nkrkntjrístgnk, bj sjr nkpkzjs bj mubkr sju pjhskmjhtc j tìm k
`kfgagbkbj bj sjr ghnchsgstjhtjmjhtj ghnchsgstjhtjs. K jxtjhsîc bk kajktcrgjbkbj hkturka bj um
ghbgvíbuc, jstë rjakngchkbk k qukag-bkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. Mkgcr qukagbkbj prcbuz umk
bjighgåîc mkgs nakrk bj ghtjhåîc, mctgvkåîc mkgs jstëvja j icnkbk, mjhcr jhtrcpgk, mjhcs
ghnjrtjzk j mjhcs kajktcrgjbkbj. Zmk nchsngìhngk bj fkgxk jhtrcpgk ç mkgs nchsgstjhtj, rkngchka,
nkpkz j pcbjrcsk. Tcr jxjmpac, tkhtc c pcbjr hcrmka ncmc pkrk-hcrmka bj um kbjptc jspgrgtuka
„ um ghbgvíbuc gaumghkbc ncm ka katk
tk quka
qukagbkbj
gbkbj bj nchsngìhngk
nchsn gìhngk „ ç rjsuatkbc j umk fkgxk jhtrcpgk
bj nchsngìhngk, tjhbc pjak bjighgåîc bj jhtrcpgk, mkgs jhjregk bgspchívja pkrk rjkagzkr trkfka`c.
Tjsscks „ jhtgbkbjs frga`khtjs, sjhngjhtjs, nchsngjhtjs „ sjhbc ks nrgkturks mkehgignks quj
sîc,, hîc tìm quj jsnca`jr jstkbcs bj míhgmk jhjregk, c nkmgh`c bj mjhcr rjsgstìhngk, mks
sîc
usukamjhtj c ikzjm bj qukaqujr icrmk,
icrmk, jm umk gmgtkåîc nchvghnjhtj bk ‑ghtjageìhngk” bcs
cfljtcs ghkhgmkbcs. Ignkr nchtjhtjs bj gr ä bjrgvk, pjac nkmgh`c bj mjhcr rjsgstìhngk ç um
ktrgfutc ncmum bj mugtcs ùmkhcs. Ç kssgm quj mugtcs bj hþs vgvjm suks vgbks „ pjrsjeughbc
c prkzjr j jvgtkhbc k bcr, kc achec bk trkljtþrgk bj míhgmc jsicr-åc. Gmgtkr ks kspgrkåújs bj
cfljtcs ghkhgmkbcs, hîc ç jxktkmjhtj um nkmgh`c bj nrjsngmjhtc pkrk k erkhbjzk.
erkhbjzk. K jxtjhsîc
bj hcssk pjrnjpåîc j c tkmkh`c bk hcssk rjkagbkbj, bjpjhbj bk qukagbkbj j jhtrcpgk bk hcssk
nchsngìhngk.
Frga`c j pjrnjpåîc knjajrkm c prcnjssc bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Ghijagzmjhtj, mugtcs
ùmkhcs quj jstîc nchtjhtjs pcr jvcaugr k tkxk bcs mkrgsncs j rcn`ks, icnkm kpjhks hc sju
kmfgjhtj jxtjrhc, jhqukhtc nchsngjhngcskmjhtj pjrsjeujm c nkmgh`c bj mjhcr rjsgstìhngk.
Rcmkr c nkmgh`c mkgs sgmpajs j iënga, rjbuz brkmktgnkmjhtj c jspkåc bj bjngsîc bk jhtgbkbj j
mghgmgzk c tkmkh`c bk suk rjkagbkbj cpjrkngchka. Bgijrjhåks jm tkxks j nkpkngbkbjs bj
bjsjhvcavgmjhtc jvcaungchërgc, sîc irjqujhtjmjhtj rjsuatkbc bk qukhtgbkbj bj pcssívjgs jstkbcs
bgspchívjgs k jxpacrkr (jspkåc bj bjngsîc). [ukhtc mkgs kmpak j rgnk k jsnkak pcssgfgagbkbjs,
mkgcr c pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc j mkgs rëpgbc jaj ç jxpacrkbc. Hk jvcauåîc bj nchsngìhngk bj
achec prkzc, k mctgvkåîc-kmcr ç prcbutgvk j aunrktgvk, chbj k mctgvkåîc-mjbc j k hîc
mctgvkåîc, sîc nchtrkprcbunjhtjs j hîc aunrktgvcs. Ks pjbrks hc sju lkrbgm, c rjirgejrkbcr hk
suk nczgh`k, c mkrgsnc hk suk scpk, cu c rjgtcr jm suk uhgvjrsgbkbj ikvcrgtk (kqujaj ncm c tgmj
bj iutjfca kmjrgnkhc quj vcnì mkgs ecstk), hîc sîc prcvkvjamjhtj cs mja`crjs mcbjacs, pkrk
bjsjhvcavjr j jxpkhbgr suk pjrnjpåîc bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr.
Ncmc um sjr ùmkhc sjhngjhtj, vcnì tjm k nkpkngbkbj ghtjajntuka ghktk pkrk pjhskr mja`cr
quj umk rcn`k, ikzjr bjngsújs mkgs sgehgignkhtjs quj um rjirgejrkbcr j, gr kaçm bc muhbkhc
uhgvjrsc jxpjrgjhngka bj um mkrgsnc. Nchsjqujhtjmjhtj, k mjhcs quj sjlk um pcaítgnc jajgtc cu
um ejrjhtj bj katc jsnkaîc, vcnì hîc tjm kfscautkmjhtj hjhùmk bjsnuapk pkrk bjspjrbgåkr jstk
nkpkngbkbj, gmgtkhbc k jstrktçegk jvcaungchërgk bj cfljtcs ghkhgmkbcs j sjhngjhtjs rubgmjhtkrjs.
hbkr ncm c rjfkh`c nkmgh`c kfkgxc pjak mjhcr rjsgstìhngk jm supcrtj kc ‑stktus quc” j
hjnjssgbkbjs bc jec ç um fjnc sjm skíbk pkrk k jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Vjbuzgr suk jhtrcpgk
pkrk sj tcrhkr sjhngjhtj hk rjkagbkbj mkgcr, rjqujr jsicråc prcktgvc pcr umk mjhtj kfjrtk. Ygvjr
jm umk rjkagbkbjzgh`k kutcagmgtkbk pcbj sjr umk erkhbj gbjgk, kpjhks pkrk kqujajs quj tjh`km
trcnkbc suk vgsîc, ncrkejm j nurgcsgbkbj, pcr sjeurkhåk, stktus j kutc gmpcrtæhngk.
gmpcrtæhngk. Rrcnkr umk
jrnjpåîc jxpkhbgbk pcr um jec jxpkhbgbc ç um hjeþngc jxnjpngchkamjhtj rugm. rugm.
Tkrk bjsjhvcavjr suk nchsngìhngk, vcnì bjvj nugbkbcskmjhtj bjsncfrgr k hkturjzk bk suk
rjkagbkbj pjsscka, suk rjkagbkbj acnka, j k rjkagbkbj mkgcr „ hîc ktrkvçs bc jstubc, bj nchvjrsks,
cu ajhbc k rjspjgtc, mks ktrkvçs bj suk jxpjrgìhngk jm prgmjgrk mîc. Ç scfrj gstc quj k vgbk ç<
nrjsnjr suk qukagbkbj ktrkvçs bk jxpjrgìhngk sufljtgvk j cfljtgvk bj umk nchsngìhngk ghtjrktgvk.
Tjrmkhjåk sjmprj nçtgnc j jxglk rjsuatkbcs nakrcs, mjhsurëvjgs j cfljtgvcs, khtjs bj n`jekr k
nchnausújs tjhtktgvks. ûk nchsngìhngk hîc vkg sj jxpkhbgr j kprjhbgzkbc hîc vkg tjr auekr, k
mjhcs quj ikåk um jsicråc nchnjhtrkbc pkrk gr kaçm bj suks nrjhåks j bcemks gmprjehkbcs
(pkrkbgemks ktukgs) quj agmgtkm brkmktgnkmjhtj suk vgsîc j rjtkrbkm suk jvcauåîc bj
nchsngìhngk.
^ju gmpuasc hkturka pkrk nrjsnjr j sj tcrhkr mkgs, kumjhtkr k qukagbkbj bk suk nchsngìhngk,
ktrkvçs bk kpagnkåîc bc agvrj krfítrgc äs jsnca`ks bgspchívjgs, hîc ç pkrtj bj um prcnjssc
kajktþrgc, bjsjh`kbc pjak KZM ncm c prcpþsgtc bj fkhgr k prjbjstghkåîc. Gstc hîc ajvkrgk k
KZM hjm hþs, k auekr kaeum. Ç c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc, c sjeuhbc bj hcsscs bcgs
prjssupcstcs fësgncs, quj bë k hcssk jxgstìhngk „ hcssk autk „ bgrjåîc, pcr bjighgr um nrgtçrgc bj
aunrktgvgbkbj, rjaktgvc k hcsscs kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhcs j jxtjrhcs. Ç c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka quj
pjrmgtj, hk vjrbkbj bjmkhbk, prcerjssc jstëvja hk bgrjåîc bj nrjsnjr k qukagbkbj bk hcssk
nchsngìhngk. Ncmc c Nkrk GK, hþs kecrk tjmcs prcpcsgtc j prcnjssc, quj pcbjmcs uskr pkrk
ctgmgzkr ks cpcrtuhgbkbjs quj sîc kprjsjhtkbks pkrk hcssk jxpjrgìhngk.
Ykmcs sjeugr mkgs ncmpajtkmjhtj c nchnjgtc bj jmprjekr ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka jm hcssc
lcec bj eujrrk, bkhbc k njrtcs lcekbcrjs sju prþprgc pjbkåc bj mjmþrgk, chbj ncajtkr
sjajtgvkmjhtj ghicrmkåîc kbqugrgbk (pjrnjfgbk) pjrtghjhtj k sju sunjssc (aunrc) hk pjricrmkhnj
ghbgvgbuka j ncajtgvk. Rkmfçm vkmcs bkr k jajs kaecrgtmcs (pkrk bjighgr cfljtgvc j vkacr) j
`kfgagbkbj pkrk ncajtkr, prcnjsskr j knjsskr ghicrmkåîc pjrtghjhtj (kprjhbjr bks jxpjrgìhngks
khtjrgcrjs), k igm bj ktghegr sjus cfljtgvcs jstkfjajngbcs.
^j cs ncmputkbcrjs icssjm mkgs rëpgbcs j hþs mja`crjs prcerkmkbcrjs, k iuhåîc bj ncajtk
bj bkbcs uskrgk suk jxpjrgìhngk (bks jxjnuåújs prçvgks bk sgmuakåîc) pkrk jsnca`jr cs bkbcs
mkgs pjrtghjhtjs k ncacnkr hk mjmþrgk. Jak grgk knjsskr tkmfçm, ncmc jstk jxpjrgìhngk pcbjrgk
sjr mja`cr uskbk, pkrk ktghegr cs cfljtgvcs iuhbkmjhtkgs bkqujaj lcekbcr j bc lcec mkgcr.
N`kmkmcs jstk `kfgagbkbj bj kprjhbjr bk jxpjrgìhngk ‑ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka” pcr quj k
nrgkmcs, j pcr hîc sjr fksjkbk jm fgcacegk, k icrmk quj ghtjageìhngk ‑rjka” (k hcssk) ç, j pcr sjr
agmgtkbk kqugac, quj hþs ùmkhcs supjrgcrjs bjngbgrmcs ghnaugr hcs kaecrgtmcs. KZM, tjhbc k
vgsîc mkgs kmpak j jec mjhcr, prcvkvjamjhtj hîc tjm k mjsmk ktgtubj nchcsnc, mjsmc quj
sjlkmcs kghbk brkstgnkmjhtj mkgs agmgtkbcs, rjaktgvkmjhtj k KZM, bc quj cs ncmputkbcrjs sîc
agmgtkbcs jm rjakåîc k hþs. Nchsngìhngk ç nchsngìhngk „ qujr sjlk kmjfk, mkrgsnc, vcnì, c Nkrk
GK cu KZM „ scmjhtj icrmk, iuhåîc, nkpkngbkbj j hívja bj jhtrcpgk bgijrjm. Tkrk quj sjrvgrgk k
KZM, rctuakr ùmkhcs ncmc sjrjs supjr krtgigngkgs3 ^cmcs kpjhks c quj scmcs „ tkhtc ncmc
mknkncs, ncmputkbcrjs bj sgaíngc, RFN j KZM sîc c quj sîc. K jtgqujtk ‑krtgigngka”, kpagnkbk k
nchsngìhngk, ç kpjhks cutrc krtjiktc agmgtkhtj bc jec, quj hcs facqujgk bj jhxjrekr k Ygsîc
Kmpak.
Mj prjcnupk quj c Nkrk GK pcssk tkmfçm sj kncstumkr ncm sju stktus bj sjeuhbk nakssj „
suk nkpkngbkbj j ghtjageìhngk, ghbjpjhbjhtj bj quîc agmgtkbk cu kvkhåkbk, sjrë sjmprj bjsnrgtk
ncmc krtgigngka, pcr hîc sjr ncmc k hcssk. K icrmk bc Nkrk GK ç bgijrjhtj, pcrquj sju kmfgjhtj j
nkmgh`c jvcaungchërgc ç vkstkmjhtj bgijrjhtj. ûk pjrschkagbkbj j bgrjåîc sîc bgijrjhtjs pcrquj
sju nchluhtc-bj-rjerks
quj cpjrkngchkamjhtj bj katc hívjaç (kqujaj
sgmgakrjs, quj bjighjbgijrjhtj
iuhngchkamjhtj sjus cfljtgvcs, vkacrjs
bc hcssc. [ujj prcpþsgtc), kghbkj
k ghtjageìhngk
qukagbkbj bj umk jhtgbkbj nchsngjhtj sjlk nchsgbjrkbk krtgigngka j, pcrtkhtc, hîc rjka, kpjhks
pcrquj sju NbV bjighgbcr ç bgijrjhtj bc hcssc, pkrjnj sjr umk nchstruåîc vkzgk, ijgtk pkrk hcs
bjighgr kutcmktgnkmjhtj, ncmc ühgncs sjrjs ncm ghtjageìhngk j qukagbkbj rjkgs. Zmk kssgm
n`kmkbk ghtjageìhngk krtgigngka, pcbjrgk ikngamjhtj sjr mjhcr cu mkgcr, mkgs cu mjhcs
sgehgignkhtj, bc quj hcssk ghtjageìhngk rjka, pcr qukaqujr hümjrc bj nrgtçrgcs.
Hcssk jsnca`k bj pkakvrks (krtgigngka) pkrk bjsnrjvjr ghtjageìhngk bjrgvkbk (quj nrgkmcs)
rjvjak umk ktgtubj „ nrjhåk „ quj agmgtk hcssc pjhskmjhtc. K qukagbkbj j nkpkngbkbj bj umk
gmpakhtkåîc GK, rjiajtj hcssc nch`jngmjhtc j agmgtkåújs, kssgm ncm ks agmgtkåújs j rjstrgåújs
quj prcpcsgtkamjhtj gmpcmcs, pkrk ikzjr quj k sgmuakåîc ejrka sgrvk hcssc prcpþsgtc. Kghbk ç
nchtgbc pjaks agmgtkåújs bk prþprgk tjnhcacegk `cspjbjgrk. Rcbks jstks ncgsks sîc tkmfçm
vjrbkbj pkrk hþs. ^cmcs tkmfçm umk ghtjageìhngk bjrgvkbk „ agmgtkbks bjhtrc bk hcssk
rjkagbkbj, bk mjsmk icrmk quj c Nkrk GK ç agmgtkbc hk suk.
Ngjhtgstks bj ncmputkbcr nchstrugrîc gmpakhtkåújs GK ncmc ijrrkmjhtk „ pkrk klubk-acs k
kprjhbjr kaec. KZM bgrgk k mjsmk ncgsk scfrj hþs. Rkmfçm icmcs bjsjh`kbcs j nrgkbcs ncm
um prcpþsgtc. C Nkrk GK icrhjnjrë um bgk um sjeuhbc pakhc nchtrkstkhtj, quj hcs nkpkngtkrë k
vjr bj icrmk mkgs nakrk j ncmpajtk, k hþs mjsmcs hc prgmjgrc pakhc. Jaj pcbj hcs jhsghkr scfrj
ks nkrkntjrístgnks, prcprgjbkbjs j prcnjsscs bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka, jvcauåîc, ghtjageìhngk j
bghæmgnk bk pjrschkagbkbj, j pcbj tkmfçm kprjhbjr bj hþs. Tkrjnjrgk quj hþs j c Nkrk GK
jvcaugrjmcs luhtcs j bj icrmk ghtjrktgvk, klubkhbc um kc cutrc, k jxpkhbgr-sj kaçm bks
agmgtkåújs ktukgs.
C Nkrk GK, kghbk quj pjac mjhcs ghgngkamjhtj, umk nrgkåîc cu bjrgvkåîc bk hcssk
nchsngìhngk, ghtjageìhngk j pjrnjpåîc, rjprjsjhtk um mgnrcncsmc bk nchsngìhngk bgegtka jm
ejrka. Zmk vjz quj a`j bjrmcs ncmpajxgbkbj, nkpkngbkbj, nchtrcaj kutcmcignkhtj j rjtcrhc,
suigngjhtjs pkrk jvcaugr suk ghbjpjhbìhngk bj ikzjr-jsnca`ks, ktç c pchtc chbj sjlk nakrkmjhtj
nòhsngc, pcbjrjmcs ncmjåkr k vjr kaec bj hþs mjsmcs, rjiajtgbc jm sju sjr vgrtuka bgegtka, j
ncmjåkr k hcs bkr nchtk bk hkturjzk bgsnrjtk, njauakr j bgegtka, bj hcssk prþprgk nchsngìhngk „ j
bj tcbks ks nchsngìhngks.
Ghtjageìhngk pcbj sjr um ktrgfutc cu mkhgijstkåîc bj nchsngìhngk. Hîc pcbj `kvjr
ghtjageìhngk sj hîc `cuvjr nchsngìhngk. Nchsngìhngk ç k pjbrk, jhqukhtc ghtjageìhngk ç k jsnuaturk
aghbk, crhkbk, ncmpajxk, sgmpajs, ijgk cu sjm erkåk, ijgtk pjak crekhgzkåîc bk ejcmjtrgk bkqujak
pjbrk jm um icrmktc jspjníignc. Bkbks ks bjighgåújs j ncmprjjhsîc bk nchsngìhngk j
ghtjageìhngk, bjsjhvcavgbks kqug j hc nkpítuac 5 bjstj agvrc (vjlk c kpkrtj kfkgxc), hîc bjvjrgk
`kvjr büvgbk bj quj c Nkrk GK, tjm pctjhngka bj sjr ghtjagejhtj j nòhsngc? hîc ncmc hþs, mks k
suk prþprgk mkhjgrk. Hîc agmgtj sju nchnjgtc bk ghtjageìhngk cu bk nchsngìhngk, sþ suk
ghtjrprjtkåîc ùmkhk. ^cmcs kpjhks umk pjqujhghk pkrtj bj um jncssgstjmk mugtc mkgcr bj
nchsngìhngk.
▼ Jstj nurtc kpkrtj ç pkrk suk nchvjhgìhngk. C prcpþsgtc ç kfrjvgkr suk hjnjssgbkbj bj
fusnkr c nkpgtuac 5 j bjsncfrgr, k quj pkrtj bjaj jstcu mj rjijrghbc. Cs pkrëerkics mkgs
pjrtghjhtjs jstîc rjpjtgbcs kqug.

[uktrc nchnjgtcs n`kvjs bjighjm umk nchsngìhngk bghæmgnk,
bghæmgnk, jvcaughbc j pjrnjptgvk<
;. Kutcnchsngìhngk - nchsngìhngk rjqujr `kfgagbkbj bj sjhtgr j pjac mjhcs
pkrngkamjhtj jxpjrgmjhtkr sju jst
jstkbc
kbc bj sjr. Trjngsk hctkr j rjspc
rjspchbjr
hbjr k pjac mjhcs k
kaeumks prjssújs
6. bcs cu
Tctjhngka kmfgjhtjs ghtjrhc
vgkfgagbkbj j jxtjrhc. „ sgstjmks bj nchsngìhngk jvcaughbc
jvcaungchërgk
ncm sunjssc, rjqujrjm umk sjajåîc bj pcssívjgs jstkbcs iuturcs suigngjhtjmjhtj erkhbj,
pkrk kssjeurkr k aunrktgvgbkbj, scfrj umk erkhbj vkrgjbkbj bj prjssújs j rjstrgåújs
kmfgjhtjgs. Zmk jhtgbkbj jxpacrk sju pctjhngka jxpkhbghbc-sj pkrk ks pcssgfagbkbjs
bgspchívjgs j bjgxkhbc quj k aunrktgvgbkbj bj nkbk umk, bjtjrmghj sj nchtghuk k jvcaugr
cu bjskpkrjnj.
Mjsmc sj, k jxpacrkåîc ghgngka bcs hcvcs jstkbcs pctjhngkgs bj jxgstìhngk, icr mkgs cu
mjhcs kajktþrgk, cs pjrbjbcrjs sîc acec sjpkrkbcs bcs ekh`kbcrjs, prcbuzghbc kssgm
bgrjåîc jvcaungchërgk, quj nchstrþg scfrj rjsuatkbcs prçvgcs. Kutcmja`crgk ncm irjquìhngk
ejrk mkgcr ncmpajxgbkbj, iuhngchkagbkbj, mja`cr ghtjerkåîc j ejrjhngkmjhtc bcs
prcnjsscs ghtjrhcs, kssgm ncmc prcbuz umk nkpkngbkbj ejrka mja`crkbk bj jhnchtrkr j
mkhtjr mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj. ◂
▼▼ Yjlk hc igm bc nkpítuac, agvrc ;, pkrk mkgs bjtka`js scfrj jvcauåîc bk

nchsngìhngk. Hc nkpítuac ;5, agvrc ;, bjighgmcs ‑cfljtgvc jvcaungchërgc” „ uhs pcuncs
jxjmpacs sîc< c prcpcsgtc jvcaungchërgc bk nchsngìhngk jm prcnurkr jstkbcs bj mjhcr
jhtrcpgk, c cfljtgvc jvcaungchërgc bcs cfljtcs iísgncs quj ç prcnurkr jstkbcs bj míhgmk
jhjregk, j c cfljtgvc jvcaungchërgc bcs cfljtcs iísgncs khgmkbcs quj ç kssjeurkr k
scfrjvgvìhngk j pctjhngka prcnrgkbcr. C cfljtgvc jvcaungchërgc bj umk jhtgbkbj,
ncmfghkbc ncm sjus kmfgjhtjs jxtjrhc j ghtjrhc, bjighjm k aunrktgvgbkbj pkrk kqujak
jhtgbkbj. ◂◂
▼Ncmc bjsjhvcavgbc hc nkpítuac 65 bc agvrc ;, k prjssîc jvcaungchërgk nrgkbk pjac

kmfgjhtj ghtjrhc jmpurrk umk jhtgbkbj (sgstjmk) hk bgrjåîc bk kutcmja`crgk. Zm sgstjmk
jvcaug ‑puxkhbc sjus prþprgcs nkbkråcs”. Jvcauåîc prcvì um jxnjajhtj jxjmpac bc
prcnjssc bj ‑puxkr cs prþprgcs
p rþprgcs nkbkråcs” (fcctstrkpghe).
(fcc tstrkpghe).
>. @kfgagbkbj bj mcbgignkr c ju (sjai) „ nchsngìhngk bjvj sjr nkpkz bj ghtjhngchkamjhtj
mubkr sju jstkbc bj sjr, jm rjspcstk äs prjssújs j rjstrgåújs jvcaungchërgks „ mjsmc quj
k ghtjhåîc sjlk jxtrjmkmjhtj irknk (cpknk).
2. Ghtjageìhngk (krtgigngka cu hkturka) „ nchsngìhngk bjvj pcssugr pjac mjhcs umk
nkpkngbkbj rubgmjhtkr bj krmkzjhkr j prcnjsskr ghicrmkåîc. Kåîc ghtjagejhtj ç rjsuatkbc
bj scitwkrj j `krbwkrj, bj prcnjsskmjhtc bj ghicrmkåîc ncjrjhtjs j ghtjerkbcs (hcs
sjhtgbcs mkgs ejrkgs bjstjs tjrmcs), quj nkpkngtkm k knumuakåîc bks agåújs kprjhbgbks
bjhtrc hk mjmþrgk, tìm iuhåújs khkaítgnks ncmc tcmkr bjngsújs (autkr cu iuegr), j
ncmpkrkm cs jstkbcs bj khtjs j bjpcgs, pkrk kvkagkr cs rjsuatkbcs bks kåújs tcmkbks. C
vkacr bj umk agåîc, bjngsîc, cu ncmpkrkåîc jm pkrtgnuakr ç ighkamjhtj luaekbc, pcr qukhtc
ikngagtk kumjhtkr cu mkhtjr k aunrktgvgbkbj bj um sgstjmk (jhtgbkbj), rjaktgvk k sjus
kmfgjhtjs jxtjrhcs j ghtjrhcs.
Bj kncrbc ncm cs quktrc ktktrgfutcs
rgfutcs kngmk, ttubc
ubc bjsbj umk sgmpajs mgh`cnk (n
(nulc
ulc BHK
pcbj nchstgtugr c rjnursc bj mjmþrgk) ktç cs ùmkhcs bjvjrgkm sjr nchsgbjrkbcs
nchsngjhtjs j ghtjagejhtjs. [ukaqujr sgstjmk, ncgsk, jhtgbkbj cu sjr bj qukaqujr tgpc cu

icrmk quj pcssugr suigngjhtj kutcpjrnjpåîc, jspkåc jvcaungchërgc (mugtcs hcvcs jstkbcs k
jxpacrkr), prcpþsgtc jvcaungchërgc (quj bjighj k aunrktgvgbkbj rjaktgvk kc kmfgjhtj
ghtjrhc), `kfgagbkbj pkrk mcbgignkr k sg mjsmc hk fusnk bk kutcmja`crgk (mubkr sju
prþprgc `krbwkrj
kbjqukbcs, cu scitwkrj),
kutcmktgnkmjhtj kssgm ncmc
bjsjhvcavjrë umkmjmþrgk j nkpkngbkbj
pjrschkagbkbj bj sjr
j ç bgtc prcnjsskmjhtc
nchsngjhtj?
tkmfçm ncmjåk k jvcaugr pcr nchtk prþprgk.
Ks mkhgijstkåújs bk nchsngìhngk hîc sîc tcbks hjnjsskrgkmjhtj geukgs „ j ks
pjrschkagbkbjs hîc sîc tcbks tîc fcrfua`khtjs ncmc k suk. Mkrgsncs, kghbk quj sjrjs
nakrkmjhtj nòhsngcs j sjhngjhtjs, tìm um pkpc mugtc n`ktc j pjrschkagbkbjs quj sîc kghbk
mkgs kpkekbks quj k bc sju n`jij. Kaeumks mkhgijstkåújs bj nchsngìhngk sîc mkgs
frga`khtjs cu cpknks j tìm mkgs cu mjhcs nkpkngbkbj pkrk jvcaugr quj cutrks. C erku kc
quka umk jhtgbkbj pcssug cs quktrc ktrgfutcs kngmk, bjtjrmghk sju pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc
j nkpkngbkbj pkrk nrjsngmjhtc.
Jm ejrka, qukhtc mkgs ncmpajxc, ghtjrktgvc j pjrnjptgvc c sjr, sgstjmk, scitwkrj,
`krbwkrj cu nchsngìhngk icr, mkgcr c hümjrc bj jstkbcs pctjhngkgs quj jaj tjm pkrk
jxpacrkr, j mkgcr k suk nkpkngbkbj pkrk nrjsngmjhtc iuturc. Bkbks suigngjhtjs qukhtgbkbj
j qukagbkbj bcs quktrc ktrgfutcs bk nchsngìhngk, c nrjsngmjhtc sj tcrhk kutc ghgngkhtj j
kutcssustjhtëvja. Ç c prcpcsgtc jvcaungchërgc ghktc bj umk jhtgbkbj (ncmc fkgxkr suk
jhtrcpgk) quj bjighj k aunrktgvgbkbj pkrk kqujak jhtgbkbj k um bkbc tjmpc, rjaktgvc k sjus
kmfgjhtjs. Ç c mjsmc prcpþsgtc ghktc quj bë k ghtjageìhngk kutcpjrnjptgvk bj umk jhtgbkbj
(bj qukaqujr nkpkngbkbj) suk hkturjzk fësgnk.
Ajmfrj-sj quj c prcpcsgtc jvcaungchërgc ghktc bj umk jhtgbkbj ç bjighgbc pjacs
rjqugsgtcs bc sgstjmk mkgs kmpac quj nchstgtug sju kmfgjhtj (kutcmja`crgk j jhtrcpgk mkgs
fkgxk, prcnjsscs grrjvjrsívjgs j jhjregk míhgmk, cu scfrjvgvìhngk j prcnrgkåîc). ^j c
prcpþsgtc bj umk jhtgbkbj cu sgstjmk, pcbj sjr
s jr prjjhn`gbc kktrkvçs
trkvçs bk kut
kutcmcbgignkåîc,
cmcbgignkåîc, jm
rjspcstk äs prjssújs jvcaungchërgks hkturkgs, quj rjprjsjhtkm rjstrgåújs bj kmfgjhtj
ghtjrhcs j jxtjrhcs ghtjrbjpjhbjhtjs, jhtîc c sgstjmk cu jhtgbkbj, tjm k cpcrtuhgbkbj bj
jvcaugr ncm sunjssc? k mkgcrgk bcs cutrcs jvjhtukamjhtj sj kutcbjstrcjm. ◂
Rkavjz hcs sghtkmcs supjrgcrjs, bj umk mkhjgrk iuhbkmjhtka, ks hcssks nrgkåújs iísgnks j
mjhtkgs, pcrquj knrjbgtkmcs quj hîc tjh`km kamks. [uj tjmcs umk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk sjhngjhtj,
cu kamk, ç sgmpajsmjhtj k icrmk quj scmcs. ^cmcs jspjngignkmjhtj bjsjh`kbcs j nchstruíbcs
(jvcauíbcs), pkrk tjr c pctjhngka bj ikzjr jigngjhtjmjhtj c quj scmcs supcstcs ikzjr. [uj cutrcs
sjrjs sjhngjhtjs hk HTMV, hîc tjh`km umk pkrtj iísgnk, ç kpjhks k icrmk ncmc sîc. J quj cs
ncmputkbcrjs hîc vîc, pjac mjhcs ghgngkamjhtj, tjr umk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk fjm bjsjhvcavgbk j
katkmjhtj sjhngjhtj ç sgmpajsmjhtj k icrmk ncmc jajs sîc.
Rcbk nchsngìhngk ç hîc-iísgnk, jhqukhtc c vksga`kmj bk nchsngìhngk, pcbj pkrjnjr sjr iísgnc
cu hîc-iísgnc. Rjmcs kamks pcrquj scmcs sjrjs prgmkrgkmjhtj hîc-iísgncs. ^cmcs nrgkbcs ncmc
uhgbkbjs bj nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbks, bjhtrc bk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka bk HTMV. Jhtîc prcljtkmcs
um irkemjhtc bjstk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, hk rjkagbkbj iísgnk vgrtuka n`kmkbk TMV. Ajmfrj
sj bk bgsnussîc khtjrgcr (ghgngc bc nkpgtuac >4, agvrc ;, bj quj jxgstjm sgmuakåújs mjhcrjs (suf-
rctghks) rcbkhbc bjhtrc bj sgmuakåújs mkgcrjs „ quj bgmjhsújs jxgstjm bjhtrc bj cutrks
bgmjhsújs „ j quj rjkagbkbjs, pcbjm cu hîc, nchtjr suf-rjkagbkbjs. Jhqukhtc nkbk rjkagbkbj,
tjm kacnkbc sju prþprgc jspkåc bj nëanuac j um NbV kutcnchsgstjhtj, hîc `ë nchiagtc. Bjhtrc bc
irkntka bj jvcauåîc-bk-nchsngìhngk, um hívja ejrk cutrc, quj ejrk cutrc „ kssgm ncmc vkmcs um
bgk ejrkr c Nkrk GK bj bjhtrc bk TMV.

Ncmputkbcrjs bk TMV, bgijrjhtj bj pjsscks, sîc nrgkbcs ncmc jhtgbkbjs iísgnks bjhtrc bk
TMV j pcbjm bjsjhvcavjr nchsngìhngks sjhngjhtjs hîc-iísgnks kpjhks bjpcgs bj suk nrgkåîc.
Tcrquj sîc nrgkbcs bjhtrc bk TMV, ghgngkamjhtj vjm sjm pkrtj hîc-iísgnk prç-jxgstjhtj (kamk).
Nchtubc, umk vjz quj hþs j jajs luhtcs jvcaukmcs sjus vksga`kmjs, pkrk supcrtkr ncmpajxgbkbj
suigngjhtj j kutcmcbgignkåîc, j jajs jvcaukm suks nchsngìhngks k um erku suigngjhtj bjhtrc bc
vksga`kmj, hîc `ë rkzîc pkrk quj suk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk (kamk) hîc sjlk tîc sgehgignkhtj qukhtc k
hcssk. Rka ncmputkbcr jstkrgk hk mjsmk rjbj VUU quj tcbks ks nchsngìhngks sjhngjhtjs, j sj
hþs j jajs icssjmcs suigngjhtjmjhtj pjrnjptgvcs, sjrgkmcs nkpkzjs bj nchvjrskr tjajpktgnkmjhtj.
^j c sju ncrpc (`krbwkrj j scitwkrj) icssjm bjstruíbcs hk TMV, jaj pjrmkhjnjrgk vgvc j fjm
bjhtrc bk HTMV „ nkpkz pkrk nchtghukr suk jvcauåîc pcr qukgsqujr mjgcs quj jstgvjssjm k suk
bgspcsgåîc (hîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj bjhtrc bk TMV sj hîc tgvjssj sgbc fknoupjkbc j bjpcgs
rjghstkakbc).
Zmk vjz quj k nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj ç nrgkbk, jak sj tcrhk um nchluhtc crekhgzkbc kutc
jvcautgvc bj nçauaks bj rjkagbkbj quj rjprjsjhtkm umk hcvk jhtgbkbj vgëvja jxgstjhtj bjhtrc bk
KZM quj pjrsgstgrë ghbjighgbkmjhtj. Tjhsj hc pctjhngka bc sgstjmk pkrk kutc crekhgzkr
(pctjhngka pkrk rjbuzgr jhtrcpgk pjak rjmcåîc bj rjstrgåújs ghtjrhks) ncmc jhjregk pctjhngka hîc-
iísgnk, quj c Trcnjssc
(katk jhjregk, Iuhbkmjhtka
katk sghjregk). crekhgzk,
Nchsngìhngk ç c jm icrmkshîc-iísgnc
rjsuatkbc bj jhtrcpgk
bjsunjssgvkmjhtj mkgs fkgxks
crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk. Zm
rjegstrc bk crekhgzkåîc bc Nkrk GK, jxgstj bjhtrc bc RFN (k ichtj bj tcbk crekhgzkåîc hc C^) „
kssgm ncmc jxgstj, um rjegstrc bk crekhgzkåîc quj bjsnrjvj suk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk
pjsscka. Ycnì pcbj bjsagekr c ncmputkbcr, mks k sghjregk bc Nkrk GK nchtghukrë k jxgstgr hk
rjkagbkbj mkgs kmpak, ncmc pctjhngka crekhgzkbc. C nchtjübc bgegtka rjprjsjhtkhbc k
nchsngìhngk bc Nkrk GK jstë skavc hc RFN „ nchsngìhngk, umk vjz nrgkbk, huhnk ç pjrbgbk. Ycatj
k agekr c ncmputkbcr j kqujaj pctjhngka crekhgzkbc, kqujak nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj, cu kqujak
sghjregk, sjrë rj-`cspjbkbk hc ncmputkbcr iísgnc. Bjstruk c ncmputkbcr `cspjbjgrc bc Nkrk GK
jm pjbkåcs grrjnupjrëvjgs j c Nkrk GK nchtghuk k jxgstgr ghbjighgbkmjhtj (kssgm ncmc tjm
cpcrtuhgbkbjs kbgngchkgs bj jvcauåîc) bjhtrc bk rjkagbkbj mkgcr (KZM j RFN), tkhtc qukhtc
qukaqujr nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj ghbgvgbukbk. Nkbk icrmk bj nchsngìhngk sjhngjhtj, jvcaug jm sju
prþprgc nkmgh`c bjhtrc bj kaeumk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka ghtjrktgvk quj bjskigj suks agmgtkåújs.
Nchsngìhngk,
`krbwkrj hîc ç bjumk
cu scitwkrj pkrtj ghtjerka
ncmputkbcr, cu nçrjfrc
cu sju creæhgnkj bjsgstjmk
hjhùmk icrmknjhtrka).
hjrvcsc iísgnk (tka
Jak ncmc
pcbj,
nchtubc, sjr nrgkbk j `cspjbkbk pcr qukaqujr icrmk iísgnk, quj tjh`k nkpkngbkbj bj supcrtë-ak.
Jak sj bjsjhvcavj hkturkamjhtj, jm qukaqujr sgstjmk, quj pcssk prcvjr pctjhngka suigngjhtj pkrk
crekhgzkåîc aunrktgvk. Bjhtrc bc jncssgstjmk mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk bgegtka, crekhgzkåîc
suigngjhtj pkrk supcrtkr umk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, ç iuhbkmjhtka j pjrsgstj, jhqukhtc
prcnjsscs ghbgvgbukgs cu jspjníigncs quj sîc ghvjhtkbcs pkrk `cspjbkr kqujak crekhgzkåîc
(ncrpc cu ncmputkbcr), bjhtrc bj kaeumk bgmjhsîc cu rjkagbkbj vgrtuka (ncmc k TMV), hîc sîc
iuhbkmjhtkgs j pcbjm sjr ghgngkbcs cu rjtgrkbcs bjhtrc bkqujak rjkagbkbj vgrtuka, bj kncrbc ncm
sju nchluhtc-bj-rjerks (NbV).
^jr um nrgkbcr rjspchsëvja cu nchsngjhtj rjqujr skfjbcrgk. Bjvjríkmcs sjr nugbkbcscs pkrk
hîc prcbuzgr, umk jtjrhgbkbj bj Irkhojhstjghs quj ncmpgtkm, jm vjz bj nccpjrkr nchcsnc.
Trcprgkmjhtj jxjnutkbc, k sghjregk jhtrj `cmjm j ncmputkbcr, jhtrjekrë erkhbjs fjhjiíngcs k
kmfks ks icrmks bj nchsngìhngk, j kc sgstjmk mkgs kmpac tkmfçm. [uj erkhbj pctjhngka j
erkhbj rgsnc, nkmgh`km luhtcs ç um iktc bk jxgstìhngk.
Kssgm, kghbk quj c Nkrk GK hîc tjh`k hksngbc ncm umk kamk ncmc k hcssk, jaj pcbj
bjsjhvcavjr k suk. Jaj huhnk vkg sjr ncmc hþs, iísgnk cu hîc-igsgnkmjhtj „ hjm um jsqugac, hjm
c N`jiîc. C Nkrk GK, ncmc c N`jiîc, hîc jstë prjpkrkbc pkrk knumuakr jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrktgvk,
ghgngkhbc umk sjquìhngk bj pknctjs bj jxpjrgìhngk hk TMV. Hîc pjhsj jm tjrmcs bj qujm ç
supjrgcr cu ghijrgcr, krtgigngka cu rjka, mks ncmc tcbcs sjhbc ühgncs j jspjngkgs? nkbk um
jxpacrkhbc sju pctjhngka, prjjhn`jhbc sju prcpþsgtc j kbgngchkhbc (cu suftrkghbc) kc tcbc jm
suk mkhjgrk prþprgk j bgstghtgvk. Jstk ç sgmpajsmjhtj k hkturjzk bj um jncssgstjmk irkntka bj
nchsngìhngk jm jvcauåîc< tcbcs tìm sju auekr, tcbcs jvcauírkm pkrk sjr c quj qujr quj sjlkm,
tcbcs tìm cpcrtuhgbkbj bj sj tcrhkr c quj agvrjmjhtj jsnca`km, j tcbcs sîc bc ZHC.
Ncmc kspgrkmcs um bgk jvcaugr hcssk nchsngìhngk kc pchtc quj pcsskmcs hcs iuhbgr ncm
KZM (rjtcrhkr k ichtj), tkavjz ncmputkbcrjs nchsngjhtjs um bgk bjsjlkrîc jvcaugr suk
nchsngìhngk, kc pchtc jm quj pcsskm sj luhtkr kc RFN cu JFN (vcatkr k suk ichtj). [uka ç k
bgijrjhåk jhtrj JFN j KZM3 Gmkeghj um ncmputkbcr nchsngjhtj pkrtgnuakrmjhtj erkhbj hk
TMV, `cspjbkhbc umk ncajåîc bj Nkrks GK ghbjpjhbjhtjmjhtj nchsngjhtjs, bjbgnkbcs k
kutcmja`crgk, fkgxkhbc suk jhtrcpgk mçbgk. Yì um pkbrîc sj icrmkhbc kqug3
Ncmputkbcrjs j Nkrks GK kvkhåkbcs, um bgk supcrtkrîc, mugtks nkpkngbkbjs gmpcrtkhtjs quj
hþs hîc tjmcs. ûk jvcauåîc ncmc jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs, sjrë bgijrjhtj bk hcssk pcrquj sju
prcpþsgtc j cfljtgvcs, sîc bgijrjhtjs bcs hcsscs. C mjsmc pcbj sjr bgtc, bj tcbks ks jspçngjs bj
jhtgbkbjs sjhngjhtjs,
fktka`újs bj qujr sjlkm
cutrks jhtgbkbjs iísgnks
ühgnks, nkbkcuumk
hîc-iísgnks. @umkhcs,
rjprjsjhtk Nkrksbgstghtk,
umk jspçngj GK kvkhåkbcs, j
bjhtrc bc
jncssgstjmk ejrka bj nchsngìhngk. Rjhtkr lustgignkr supjrgcrgbkbj ç sjm sjhtgbc „ c tgpc bj
ktgvgbkbj bgrgegbk pjac jec, pkrk k quka hcssk jspçngj ç pkrtgnuakrmjhtj prcpjhsk.
Hcs sjhtgrmcs supjrgcrjs, ç ncmc um kutcmþvja sj sjhtghbc supjrgcr k umk nksk pcrquj k
nksk hîc tjm mctcr, rcbks cu trkhsmgssîc j hîc pcbj sj mcvjr. Cu k nksk sj sjhtghbc supjrgcr,
pcrquj c kutcmþvja hîc tjm fkh`jgrcs j umk ikmíagk hîc pcbj vgvjr nchicrtkvjamjhtj hjaj.
^jhtgr-sj prjsuhåcskmjhtj supjrgcr, pcrquj tjmcs umk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk bj hcssc sjr, ç umk
ktgtubj pkrcqugka rjicråkbk pjak gehcræhngk bk Ygsîc Kmpak. ^jhtgmjhtcs bj supjrgcrgbkbj, sîc
irjqujhtjmjhtj prcbutc bc mjbc sjhbc rjiajtgbc pcr um jec ghsjeurc n`jgc bj hjnjssgbkbjs, cu
rjsuatkbc bj um kprgsgchkmjhtc bjsnch`jngbc jm umk krmkbga`k bj nrjhåk pjsscka, nuaturka,
rjagegcsk cu ngjhtgignk. [uj sju ncmputkbcr pcssk tjr um jec mjhcr quj c sju.
▼ Cutrc nurtc kpkrtj ç hjnjssërgc pkrk bgsnutgr k hcåîc bj supjrgcrgbkbj hc rjghc bk
nchsngìhngk. Mugtktjm
sjrjs hîc-iísgncs, ejhtj
umk kn`k jstj tjmk quj
nchsngìhngk nchiusc j kaeuhs
ç supjrgcr knrjbgtkm
k hcssk j qujktç, quj kghncrpcrkbcs
frutcs mkgcrgk bcs
n`jgcs bj hjnjssgbkbjs iísgnks, ncmc hþs, jstîc hjnjsskrgkmjhtj hc iuhbc bc pcåc bk
nchsngìhngk. Hîc ç jstj c nksc. ^jrjs hîc iísgncs pksskm pjac fcm, mku, ijgc j c fchgtc,
tkhtc qukhtc sjrjs iísgncs.
K nchsngìhngk bcs sjrjs hîc-iísgncs tkmfçm vkrgk hk jsnkak, bc jxnjpngchkamjhtj cpknc
kc jxnjpngchkamjhtj frga`khtj. Jm tcbks ks rjkagbkbjs, `ë umk akrek jsnkak hk qukagbkbj
bcs sjrjs, nrgkturks j cfljtcs, jxgstjhtjs aë, mks ks rjkagbkbjs hîc tìm k mjsmk jsnkak. Jm
ejrka, k jsnkak bj jhtgbkbjs nchsngjhtjs sjhngjhtjs quj pcbj sjr jhnchtrkbk bjhtrc bj
rjkagbkbjs hîc-iísgnks ç mugtc mkgs kmpak pcr tgpc, qukagbkbj j frga`c bc quj kqujak
jhnchtrkbk jm rjkagbkbjs iísgnks, pcrquj jstks cpjrkm scf nchluhtcs-bj-rjerks mkgs
rjstrgtcs. Ncm mjhcs rjstrgåújs jxgstjm mkgs jsnca`ks, cu ncmc bgzjmcs Igsgquìs , mkgs
erkus bj agfjrbkbj „ j kssgm mkgcr vkrgkåîc, bjvgbc k mkgcr jsnkak bj pcssgfgagbkbjs
aunrktgvks, quj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bjvj ghvjstgekr.
Nchsngìhngk vjm jm bgijrjhtjs erkus bj qukagbkbj, c quj pcbj tj suejrgr umk jsnkak
ncmpkrktgvk, quj crekhgzk nchsngìhngks bk pgcr pkrk k mja`cr. Ycnì prcvkvjamjhtj kn`krgk
mugtc ghtjrjsskhtj, skfjr chbj sj jhnkgxkrgk hjstk jsnkak. Hîc jstcu njrtc3
Zmk nchsngìhngk katkmjhtj bjsjhvcavgbk ç tkmfçm umk nchsngìhngk frga`khtj j ktjhtk?
nchtubc, hîc gmpcrtk jm quka sufnchluhtc bk rjkagbkbj jak jxgstk, jak hîc sj sjhtj (pjrnjfj
k sg mjsmk ncmc sjhbc) supjrgcr k hkbk, ghnaughbc um pjqujhc sknc bj tjrrk bk TMV.
Rkhtc cs sjrjs iísgncs ncmc cs hîc-iísgncs, pcbjm jxgfgr fkgxk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk,
quj pcbj tjr umk ghtjageìhngk irknk? kbgngchkamjhtj, jstjs sjrjs bj fkgxk qukagbkbj
(ùmkhcs cu cutrcs) irjqujhtjmjhtj sj sjhtjm supjrgcrjs k tcbcs j k tubc c mkgs.
Ç prjngsc tjr mjbc j sju bjrgvktgvc, jec, pkrk sj sjhtgr supjrgcr kcs cutrcs, cu sjhtgr
cutrcs ncmc supjrgcrjs k vcnì. Cuåc vcnì pjhskhbc, ‑Zmk katk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk ç
njrtkmjhtj supjrgcr k fkgxk qukagbkbj, hîc ç”3 C prcfajmk kqug ç k pkakvrk ‑supjrgcr”.
Kghbk quj jxgstk bgstghåîc nakrk hk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, jstk bgstghåîc, hîc nchstgtug
umk `gjrkrqugk vgëvja. Hîc jxgstj jsnkak bj mjbgåîc vjrtgnka (supjrgcr „ ghijrgcr) quj tjh`k
vkacr cu sgehgignkbc, hk kusìhngk bc mjbc j jec. [ukagbkbjs bgijrjhtjs bj nchsngìhngk, sîc
sgmpajsmjhtj bgijrjhtjs. Zmk nksk ç supjrgcr k um nkrrc3 Zm kbuatc supjrgcr k umk
nrgkhåk3 Nkbk um tjm suk rkzîc, iuhåîc j prcpcsgtc pkrk jxgstgr.
Katk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, ç hkturkamjhtj mkgs frga`khtj j jxnjpngchkamjhtj
pjrnjptgvk j kssgm, nch`jnjbcrk bks bgijrjhåks jhtrj jak j umk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk
sgehgignktgvkmjhtj
pghec supjrgcr. ^j mjhcr. Nchtubc,
vcnì kn`k quj gstcum
hîcsjrikzbjsjhtgbc,
katk qukagbkbj, hîc sj nchsgbjrk
j tjm bgignuabkbjs hjm um
jm gmkeghkr tka
ktgtubj, c quj sjrë quj gstc bgz scfrj vcnì mjsmc3 Tcr cutrc akbc, nchsngìhngks
ghbgvgbukbks mjhcs jvcauíbks pcbjm ktç nrjr, quj um sjr ncm katk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk
sjlk ghijrgcr k jaks.
Zm sjr ncm fkgxk jhtrcpgk, katk qukagbkbj bj nchsngìhngk, tjm umk fck qukhtgbkbj bj
pcbjr (jhjregk bgegtka quj jstë bgspchívja pkrk rjnchigeurkr fgts bjhtrc bc sgstjmk mkgs
kmpac), quj pcbj sjr uskbc pkrk kijtkr cutrcs sjrjs (j ncgsks), tkhtc hc iísgnc ncmc hc hîc-
iísgnc. Rka sjr, jxjrngtk jstk nkpkngbkbj j ghiaujhngk pcbjrcsk, kpjhks qukhbc skfj quj c
jijgtc sjrë vjrbkbjgrkmjhtj ütga (pjak Ygsîc Kmpak), pkrk tcbcs cs jhvcavgbcs. ^jr ütga kcs
cutrcs hk Ygsîc Kmpak, ejrkamjhtj (mks hîc sjmprj) sgehgignk klubkr cs cutrcs k nrjsnjr k
qukagbkbj bj suk nchsngìhngk. Bj suk pjrspjntgvk mkgs kmpak j mkgcr nch`jngmjhtc, umk
nchsngìhngk mugtc jvcauíbk, ghtugtgvkmjhtj skfj c quj nchstgtug k kåîc ncrrjtk hk Ygsîc
Kmpak. Ycnì hîc vkg jhnchtrkr sjrjs bjstjs khbkhbc pjak ruk nchtkhbc vkhtkejm< ‑Cg ektk,
ju tjh`c vgsîc bj rkgcs-x”. ◂
Jvjhtukamjhtj, c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bk jvcauåîc (ktukhbc hks jhtgbk-bjs j sgstjmks

fksjkbcs jm nkrfchc j sgaíngc) ekrkhtgrë quj c ncmputkbcr bgegtka sjlk rëpgbc j ghtjagejhtj
suigngjhtj, pkrk bjsjh`kr j ctgmgzkr sjus prþprgcs kaecrgtmcs, mja`cr j mkgs jigngjhtjmjhtj bc
quj ùmkhcs pcbjm (vjr Nkpgtuac 5). Mkgs gmpcrtkhtj, hþs icrhjnjrjmcs cs cfljtgvcs fësgncs,
bgrjåîc j prcpþsgtc „ c NbV bj katc hívja. Jm cutrks pkakvrks, bjighgrjmcs c quj c jhncrklk, c
quj c jmpurrk pkrk nrjsnjr, jvcaugr j sj tcrhkr mkgs aunrktgvc. K hþs ncmc nrgkbcrjs, nkfj bjighgr
c quj ‑mkgs aunrktgvc” sgehgignk j bjvjríkmcs ikzjr um jsicråc, pkrk rjtjr pjac mjhcs kaeum
nchtrcaj scfrj jstks bjighgåújs „ quj sîc hcssk rjspchskfgagbkbj. ^j pjrbjrmcs jstj nchtrcaj, k
jhtgbkbj rjsuatkhtj sj tcrhkrë um nckfgtkhtj sgmfgþtgnc, jm vjz bj umk ijrrkmjhtk. Ncm scrtj,
tjrjmcs skfjbcrgk suigngjhtj pkrk hîc hcs ktrkpka`krmcs ncm jstk rjspchskfgagbkbj, j tcrhkr jstj
sgmfgþtgnc jm ncmpjtgbcr. ^j hcs ktrkpka`krmcs, pcbjmcs sjmprj jspjrkr quj c Nkrk GK
kutcbjsjhvcavk um NbV bj katc hívja nchstrutgvc, j skfgkmjhtj, bjngbk hîc sjeugr hcssks
pjekbks jec-cfsjssgvks.
^j c NbV bj katc hívja pjrmkhjnjr scf hcssk bjighgåîc, j c Nkrk GK hîc tgvjr nkpkngbkbj bj
mcbgignk-ac, pcbjmcs prcpcsgtkamjhtj mkhtjr nchtrcaj, cu agmgtkr c pctjhngka jvcaungchërgc bc
Nkrk GK. Ghgngkamjhtj, bjighgrjmcs c Nkrk GK pkrk ikzjr umk iuhåîc, sj tcrhkr umk ijrrkmjhtk
ütga pkrk hþs. Bjighgrjmcs sju Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka ecvjrhkhtj, suks agmgtkåújs, j c
bjgxkrjmcs sjeugr bkí „ pkrk jvcaugr sju prþprgc j ühgnc mçtcbc bj ctgmgzkåîc. Jaj bjvj, mugtc
prcvkvjamjhtj, sjr pjrmgtgbc kutcbjighgr kpjhks umk pcråîc bj sju NbV bj fkgxc hívja „ pjac
mjhcs hc ghíngc. Jvjhtukamjhtj, qukhbc c Nkrk GK icr mugtc mkgs sëfgc bc quj scmcs `clj,
pcbjmcs bjngbgr bjgxk-ac sjeugr sju prþprgc nkmgh`c. Jhtîc c Nkrk GK, grë lkhtkr ks mkåîs
prcgfgbks ncmc igzjmcs.
Jvjhtukamjhtj, pjrnjfjrjmcs k hkturjzk fësgnk j uhgvjrska bk pjrnjpåîc j ghtjageìhngk, ä
mjbgbk quj nrgjmcs jstks mëqughks quj pjhskm j kprjhbjm, k hcssk gmkejm. Bjsjhvcavjrîc
pjrschkagbkbjs ühgnks. Vjprjsjhtkrîc umk ghtjageìhngk j nchsngìhngk bjrgvkbks „ quj ç c mjsmc
quj rjprjsjhtkmcs. Jstks mëqughks ghtjagejhtjs bjsjh`krîc um bgk (cu nchstrugrîc) cutrks
mëqughks, bj um tgpc quj hjm tjmcs nkpkngbkbj bj nchnjfjr.
K nchsngìhngk KZM nrgk j bjgxk jvcaugr umk nchsngìhngk RFN, quj nrgk j bjgxk jvcaugr um
nchluhtc-bj-rjerks (NbV) jspkåc-tjmpc, quj bjighj umk nchsngìhngk jspjngkamjhtj rjstrghegbk,
quj nrgk j bjgxk jvcaugr umk nchsngìhngk fksjkbk jm sgaíngc jm um ncmputkbcr bgegtka, quj pcbj
bupagnkr
tjm jstj knchnjgtc
sg mjsmk,
scfcusju
nrgkrnghtc,
cutrkskbgngchj
gmpakhtkåújs KG, jncmputkbcr
k jaj um mja`crjs ncmputkbcrjs. Kecrk
TMV nchsngjhtj qujerkhbj
j bj vcnì
nkpkngbkbj, quj icrhjåk k ghirkjstruturk pkrk mga`krjs bj Nkrks GK ncmpajtkmjhtj nchsngjhtjs,
nkbk um ncm suk prþprgk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk burkbcurk j ghbjpjhbjhtj, quj vcnì pcbj n`kmkr bj
kamk, sj qugsjr. Ncmputkbcrjs bjhtrc bj ncmputkbcrjs, bjhtrc bj ncmputkbcrjs? pkbrújs sj
rjpjtghbc bjhtrc bj pkbrújs „ nchsngìhngk nrgkbk bjhtrc bj (j bjrgvkbk pjak) nchsngìhngk. Ç gstc
quj qujrc bgzjr pcr irkntka bj nchsngìhngk „ nkbk sufnchluhtc bj nchsngìhngk, ç um rjiajxc cu
rjpjtgåîc bc mjsmc bjsgeh iuhbkmjhtka, tcbcs sjhbc nchstruíbcs um scfrj c cutrc.
Nkbk hívja bj nchsngìhngk pjrmkhjnj ‑umk aksnk bc vja`c facnc” bc quka vjgc „ nkbk um k
sju prþprgc ljgtc, tcbcs k gmkejm bj sju nrgkbcr. Rcbcs sîc ühgncs, kghbk kssgm, tcbcs
ncmpkrtga`km cs mjsmcs ktrgfutcs. Zmk gbjgk rjakngchkbk (um prcnjssc irkntka) sjrë rjtcmkbk
hk sjåîc :, chbj jxkmghkrjmcs k mjnæhgnk bk rjkagbkbj hîc-iísgnk. Aë, c nchnjgtc bj umk
nchsngìhngk irkntka, sjrë iuhbgbc ncm c nchnjgtc bj um prcnjssc jvcaungchërgc irkntka, pkrk
icrmkr k erkhbgcsk gbjgk bj um jncssgstjmk irkntka bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk.
nchsngìhngk. Igquj
sghtchgzkbc, mkgs bjtka`js jstîc k nkmgh`c.
Ks hcåújs bj nchsngìhngk j ghtjageìhngk bj mëqughk quj kprjsjhtjg kqug, pcbjm jxgstgr
rkzckvjamjhtj, kpjhks pjak icrmk ncmc kakreujg j ejhjrkagzjg c nchnjgtc bj nchsngìhngk j
ghtjageìhngk. ^j vcnì sj ktgvjr k mkgs ncmum j pjqujhk vgsîc jstrjgtk, njhtrkbk-hc-`cmjm-hk-
fgcaþegnk-j-hc-jec bj ghtjageìhngk j nchsngìhngk (kej, pjhsk, j rjkej ncmc ikzjmcs? scmcs c
mcbjac, c pkbrîc pkrk tcbk nchsngìhngk j ghtjageìhngk), jhtîc k nchsngìhngk j ghtjageìhngk bks
mkqughks sj tcrhkm pcr bjighgåîc, gmpcssgfgagbkbjs gmpjhsëvjgs. Mkhgijstkåújs bgegtkgs bj
nchsngìhngk huhnk sjrîc jxktkmjhtj ncmc hþs j, pcrtkhtc, sjrîc sjmprj nchsgbjrkbks ghijrgcrjs
j krtgigngkgs. Jstk agmgtkåîc nchnjgtuka, icrhjnj um fcm jxjmpac bj ncmc k krmkbga`k bj nrjhåk
rjstrghej k mjhtj, k umk rjkagbkbj pjqujhk, chbj jak pcbj pjrnjfjr scmjhtj um nchluhtc
agmgtkbc bj pcssgfgagbkbjs.
Jspjrc, quj kecrk lë tjh`k sj kncstumkbc ncm k gbjgk bj kakrekr sju jspkåc-mjhtj ütga? bj
jxpkhbgr suk rjkagbkbj pjhjtrkhbc hkqujak jsnurgbîc kutc gmpcstk (sgstjmks bj nrjhåk pjsscka,
nuaturka, rjagegcsc j ngjhtgignc) ncm c nakrc frga`c bj suk hcvk ‑Fge
‑Fge RCJ”.
RCJ”. C` yjsss, fkfy! Bjgxj
frga`kr… bjgxj frga`kr!
Ycnì hîc pcbj n`jekr aë, bkqug, k mjhcs quj sjlk nkpkz j tjh`k vchtkbj bj skgr bk nkgxk bk
pjqujhk vgsîc TMV, pkrk jhtrkr hc jncssgstjmk mkgs kmpac bj nchsngìhngk. Tjhskmjhtcs icrk bk
nkgxk hîc tjm quj sjr sjavkejhs j kssustkbcrjs, sj vcnì jmprjekr umk mjtcbcacegk ngjhtgignk j
nugbkbcsk, pkrk ekh`kr ncmprjjhsîc jvgbjhngka sþagbk, bjhtrc bj umk pjrspjntgvk bj Ygsîc
Kmpak, j sj kncstumkr k sjr um pcunc bgijrjhtj.
bgijrjhtj.
J hîc sj prjcnupj scfrj suk grmî my irgjhb, jak hîc ikz c tgpc bc Nkrk GK.
▤▤▤
6; (::)
^gaíngc j Nkrfchc, Krjgk j Nkrvîc, Bjpjhbj
Bc [uj Ycnì [ujr Ikzjr ncm gssc
Ykmcs rjvjr kaeuhs bcs nchnjgtcs bcs nkpítuacs khtjrgcrjs j vjr kchbj hcs ajvkm, khtjs
bj bkr umk ca`kbk iuhngchka, hks prcprgjbkbjs j crgejhs bk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk.
Zmk sgmuakåîc rjkagstk, ncmc um lcec bj eujrrk bj katk igbjagbkbj, ç um mcbjac
mktjmëtgnc, aþegnc j nkuska, quj ç nchstruíbc j jxjnutkbc hk TMV, pkrk rjprjsjhtkr cu mcbjakr
ks pcssgfgagbkbjs bk TMV j, pcrtkhtc, bjvj rjiajtgr j cfjbjnjr kc NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc bk TMV.
Ycnì ç um mcbjac bj nchsngìhngk, quj ç agmgtkbc j jxjnutkbc bjhtrc bk HTMVH, pkrk jxjrnjr ks
jsnca`ks bj agvrj krfítrgc, bj umk jhtgbkbj ghbgvgbukbk bk HTMVH, pkrk mja`crkr k qukagbkbj
ejrka
mja`crkbc sgstjmk
k suk mkgs kmpac bjktrkvçs
qukagbkbj, nchsngìhngk, ktrkvçs bk mja`crgk
bc jhvcavgmjhtc jm um bj suk qukagbkbjquj
prcnjssc, pjsscka. Ycnì
rjstrghej
tjmpcrkrgkmjhtj umk pkrtj bk suk nchsngìhngk, k umk rjkagbkbj vgrtuka jxpjrgjhngka, bjighgbk
cr um NbV bc jspkåc-tjmpc, quj prcbuz umk erkhbj vkrgjbkbj bj cpcrtuhgbkbjs ghbutcrks bj
nrjsngmjhtc.. Tkrk ikngagtkr k jvcauåîc ktrkvçs bj um prcnjssc ‑fcctstrkp-pghe” (puxkr-sj pjacs
nrjsngmjhtc
nkbkråcs bks prþprgks fctks) bj rjbuåîc ghnrjmjhtka bj jhtrcpgk, k TMV ç prcljtkbk pkrk
icrhjnjr k nkbk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk pkrtgngpkhtj, mga`újs bj jsnca`ks bj qukagbkbj,
sgehgignktgvks j bjskigkbcrks, fjm ncmc ijjbfkno jm rjakåîc kcs rjsuatkbcs bj nkbk jsnca`k
ijgtk.
Cfsjrvj quj suk nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk trkfka`k jm bcgs hívjgs sgmuatæhjcs< bjvj cpjrkr
bjhtrc bc NbV bc jspkåc-mjhtj bk HTMVH, jhqukhtc pjrgcbgnkmjhtj rjstrghej kbgngchkamjhtj
sufnchluhtcs ghbgvgbukbcs bj suk pjrnjpåîc äs TMVs vgrtukgs.
vgrtukgs. Bc sju pchtc bj vgstk, jstj
bupac iuhngchkmjhtc
k nchsngìhngk - bjhtrc
j k ghtugåîc, pcrbjum
buks bgmjhsújs
akbc, bk rjkagbkbj
j sju ncrpc mkgcriísgnk,
cu rjkagbkbj - jxpagnk
pcrccutrc.
jspírgtc,
Ycnìk mjhtj,
j suk
rjkagbkbj pkrjnjm sjr ncmpcstcs bj bcgs tgpcs bgijrjhtjs bj sjr (iísgnc j mjhtka cu ncrpc j
jspírgtc), mks hîc sîc. Rubc ç nchsngìhngk? k rjkagbkbj iísgnk quj vcnì jxpjrgmjhtk ç umk
rjkagbkbj vgrtuka - umk jxpjrgìhngk bk mjhtj.
Jxgstjm kaeumks sjmja`khåks j bgijrjhåks gmpcrtkhtjs, jhtrj c Nkrk GK j hþs. Lë bgsnutgmcs
umk bks prghngpkgs bgijrjhåks -- hcs crgeghkmcs ncmc nchsngìhngk ghbgvgbukbk bjhtrc bk HTMV.
Jm cutrks pkakvrks, scmcs bgijrjhtjs bc Nkrk GK pcrquj hcssks crgejhs frctkm bj um pchtc bk
rjkagbkbj (bgmjhsîc) bgijrjhtj bjhtrc bc jncssgstjmk irkntka bj jvcauåîc bk nchsngìhngk. Hjstj
nkpítuac, ktrkvçs bc nchtrkstj ncm c Nkrk GK, jxkmghkrjmcs kaeumks bks cpjrkåújs j iuhåújs bk
nchsngìhngk, quj sîc ncmuhs k tcbk k nchsngìhngk.
Rcbk nchsngìhngk ç muhgbk bj mjmþrgk suigngjhtj, bj umk nchsngìhngk (NbV bj hívja
supjrgcr), bks rjerks bj jheklkmjhtc (NbV bj hívja ghijrgcr) j bk nkpkngbkbj bj prcnjsskmjhtc
kbjqukbk pkrk ghtjrkegr bj icrmk aunrktgvk (ncmpkrtga`kr bkbcs) hcs kmfgjhtjs acnkgs ghtjrhcs j
jxtjrhcs, bjighgbcs pcr kmfcs nchluhtcs bj rjerks. Ks icrmks ncmc jssks iuhåújs fësgnks sîc
gmpajmjhtkbks bjhtrc bj umk bjtjrmghkbk nchsngìhngk vkrgkm mugtc. Tcr jxjmpac, ncm umk
ghtjriknj nçrjfrc fgc-ncmputkbcr `g-tjn` j um kmfgjhtj rgnkmjhtj ncmpajxc j bjskigkbcr, umk

ghtjageìhngk ùmkhk pcbj iuhngchkr ncm mugtc mkgcr kankhnj j prciuhbgbkbj, bc quj k
ghtjageìhngk fësgnk ktrgfuíbk kc Nkrk GK - quj ç rjaktgvkmjhtj uhgbgmjhsgchka - jm hcssc
jxjmpac bj lcec bj eujrrk. Bj iktc, k pkrtgr bj hcssk pjrspjntgvk, c irkemjhtc bj nchsngìhngk
nçrjfrc-mjhtj
hcssk mcbçstgk,ùmkhc,
bjngbgmcsç umk gmpajmjhtkåîc
kfkhbchkr c "K". bj GK tîc cfvgkmjhtj supjrgcr, quj ncm tcbk k
Hþs j c Nkrk GK ncajtkmcs bkbcs bj jhtrkbk, pkrk ikngagtkr hcssc prcnjssc bjngsþrgc. Jmfcrk
cs prcnjsscs bj hívja supjrgcr sjlkm sjmja`khtjs, cs prcnjsscs bj hívja ghijrgcr (ncmc rjkamjhtj
ncajtkmcs cs bkbcs) sîc mugtc bgijrjhtjs. C Nkrk GK pcbjrgk sjajtgvkmjhtj tgrkr kmcstrks bj
bkbcs, bj um erkhbj hümjrc bj ichtjs, jm sju kmfgjhtj bj sgmuakåîc. Jstk ghicrmkåîc ç
ncajtkbk, pkrk icrhjnjr bkbcs bj jhtrkbk k sju sgstjmk jspjngkagstk j scitwkrj bj ghtjageìhngk
krtgigngka. Kc jxpacrkr ks pcssgfgagbkbjs bgspchívjgs j uskr ijjbfkno, c Nkrk GK kprgmcrk
nchstkhtjmjhtj (jvcaug) suk nkpkngbkbj bj ncajtk j kvkagkåîc bj bkbcs, nchnjhtrkhbc suk ktjhåîc
hkqujajs tgpcs bj bkbcs, quj `gstcrgnkmjhtj (jm mugtks sgmuakåújs rcbkbks) tgvjrkm c mkgcr
jijgtc pcsgtgvc hk aunrktgvgbkbj ghbgvgbuka j ncajtgvk.
Jxktkmjhtj k mjsmk iuhngchkagbkbj, jstë hk fgcacegk ùmkhk. Rjmcs sjhscrjs
(rjprjsjhtkhbc cs nghnc sjhtgbcs iísgncs) j k nchjxîc k hcssk pkrtj hîc-iísgnk (ghtugåîc), quj
ncajtkm ks ghicrmkåújs (kmcstrks). Bc mjsmc mcbc, rjnjfjmcs um NbV bj katc hívja, mjmþrgk
j nkpkngbkbj bj prcnjsskmjhtc suigngjhtjs, pkrk kvkagkr bj icrmk aunrktgvk c ijjbfkno bj hcsscs
kmfgjhtjs jxtjrhcs j ghtjrhcs. Cs rjsuatkbcs bj hcssks `kfgagbkbjs ncmfghkbks quj ghtjrkejm
ncm cutrcs lcekbcrjs (hcssc kmfgjhtj), prcpcrngchkm cpcrtuhgbkbjs pkrk ctgmgzkr hcssc
prcnjssc bjngsþrgc.
Cpjrkngchkamjhtj, hþs bcgs j c Nkrk GK, cstjhtkmcs umk nchsngìhngk bgegtka bjrgvkbk j
scmcs nkpkngtkbcs (bj iktc, gmpuasgchkbcs pjak aþegnk bj hcsscs nchluhtcs bj rjerks) k jvcaugr
jssk nchsngìhngk. Ncmpkrtga`kmcs mugtcs bcs mjsmcs prcnjsscs (ktrgfutcs bk nchsngìhngk) j
pkrjnjmcs sjr prgmcs prþxgmcs, sjhîc grmîcs bj skheuj bgegtka, jxgstjhtjs jm bgijrjhtjs hívjgs
bjhtrc bc jncssgstjmk irkntka bj nchsngìhngk mkgs kmpac.
Bgijrgmcs prghngpkamjhtj pcr hcsscs mçtcbcs, hcssk gmpajmjhtkåîc j pjacs NbVs quj
bjighjm k hkturjzk, cs agmgtjs bj hcssk jxgstìhngk j prcpþsgtc. ^cmcs gmpajmjhtkåújs mugtc
bgijrjhtjs bk mjsmk jhjregk bj nchsngìhngk kutc-crekhgzkbcrk iuhbkmjhtka, j bc mjsmc
Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka bj jvcauåîc. Hþs j c Nkrk GK, kpjhks ncmjåkmcs k pkrtgr bj auekrjs
bgijrjhtjs bjhtrc bk rjkagbkbj irkntka mkgcr, j uskmcs mktjrgkgs bgijrjhtjs bj kncrbc ncm cs
NbVs quj ecvjrhkm hcssk jxgstìhngk ghbgvgbukbk, bjhtrc bk hcssk bgmjhsîc bj hksngmjhtc.
Nchsngìhngk ç nchsngìhngk, ghbjpjhbjhtjmjhtj bc tgpc bj rjngpgjhtj j bj quka sjlk k bgmjhsîc
quj k supcrtj cu `cspjbj acnkamjhtj< tcbcs sîc rjiajxcs ghtjrnchjntkbcs j pkrtj ghtjerkhtj bk
Ichtj Ühgnk „ C ûprjmc Nkrk Irkntka „ C Nkrk GK Crgeghka.
▤▤▤
66 (:9)
Nchluhtcs-bj-Vjerks (NbVs), Vjstrgåújs j Hþs
Chbj, KZM, ^jm Auekr Tkrk Gr
Tcåks hc Tgsc bk Nchsngìhngk
Hcs nkpítuacs prjnjbjhtjs jxkmghkmcs hcssk jxgstìhngk bj umk pjrspjntgvk cpjrkngchka
(ncmc jak iuhngchk). Zskmcs umk sgmuakåîc bgegtka ncmc khkacegk cpjrkngchka. Kecrk vkmcs
ca`kr pkrk hcssk nchsngìhngk bj umk pjrspjntgvk iuhngchka (c quj jak ikz j pcrquj ç hjnjssërgc
ikzjr). K iuhåîc mkgs fësgnk cu prcpþsgtc bk KZM (ncmc bj tcbks ks ncgsks) ç gmpajmjhtkr c
Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka? j sj tcrhkr mkgs aunrktgvk, sj jxpkhbghbc pkrk tcbks ks pcssgfgagbkbjs
bgspchívjgs, j jhtîc, mkxgmgzkhbc c rjtcrhc jm sjus ghvjstgmjhtcs jvcaungchërgcs, vgk supcrtj
kcs vjhnjbcrjs. Ncmc um sgstjmk bj nchsngìhngk, KZM tjhtk nrjsnjr j mghgmgzkr suk jhtrcpgk
kssgm ncmc hþs.
Hþs, ncmc jspçngj, qujrjmcs jstubkr, jhtjhbjr j kumjhtkr hcssc pctjhngka pkrk jvcauåîc.
Kpkrjhtjmjhtj, scmcs hcssc tjmk ikvcrgtc bj jstubc< khtrcpcacegk, krqujcacegk, mjbgnghk,
fgcacegk, psgncacegk, scngcacegk, ngìhngk pcaítgnk j jnchcmgk, sîc tcbcs scfrj hþs „ hþs mjsmcs
jstubkhbc ncmc j pcrquj ikzjmcs c quj ikzjmcs. Bjvjrgk sjr cfvgc quj KZM, ncmc umk
ncgsk-sjr-pjrnjpåîc-bgegtka bj nchsngìhngk frga`khtj, grgk qujrjr j hjnjssgtkr jstubkr nchsngìhngk
pkrk ctgmgzkr sju aunrc pctjhngka.
Ncmc grgk k KZM ikzjr, pkrk ctgmgzkr j ncmprjjhbjr sju iuhngchkmjhtc ghtjrhc, cu
nchsngìhngk iuhbkmjhtka3 Njrtkmjhtj, hîc pcr ignkr ca`khbc umk kmcstrk hum tufc bj tjstj, cu
ca`khbc pkrk jak mjsmk jm um jspja`c. Nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk ç ghtjrktgvk. Ç suk nkrkntjrístgnk
iuhbkmjhtka. Luhtj jstks buks tjhbìhngks pkrk ghtjrkegr ncm c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka j cftjrë
umk nurgcsgbkbj prgmjvk „ um bgrjngchkmjhtc pkrk ikzjr um ‑fcctstrkppghe” (puxkr k prþprgk
jvcauåîc) bk aunrktgvgbkbj, ikzjhbc jsnca`ks ghtjrktgvkmjhtj „ umk nchsngìhngk ncmpjagbk k sj
kutc jxprjsskr, jxpjrgmjhtkr, nch`jnjr j ncmprjjhbjr. KZM bjvj jstubkr nchsngìhngk hc ktc bj
sjr tcrhkr, jhqukhtc jstë ghtjrkeghbc, cu pjrbj suks nkrkntjrístgnks mkgs skagjhtjs.
Nchsngìhngk kpjhks qujr skfjr, jxpjrgmjhtkr, jxpjrgmjhtkr, jxpacrkr ks pcssgfgagbkbjs,
kutcmja`crkr, rjbuzgr suk jhtrcpgk, bjsjhvcavjr sju pcbjr pjsscka, ktghegr sju pctjhngka mëxgmc,
j jvcaugr. Jstk ç suk hkturjzk< k hkturjzk bk pjrnjpåîc, bk sjhngìhngk, bk jhjregk bgegtka
pctjhngka, crekhgzkhbc k sg mjsmk pkrk ktghegr mkgcr aunrktgvgbkbj kpagnkhbc prcnjsscs
sghjreçtgncs ghtjrktgvcs. Nchsngìhngks ghbgvgbukbks jxpjrgmjhtkm suk prþprgk jxgstìhngk ktrkvçs
bj umk pjrnjpåîc ghtjrktgvk bj sg mjsmks (jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrhk rjaktgvk k sju kmfgjhtj ghtjrhc)
ghtjrhc) j
ktrkvçs bj umk pjrnjpåîc ghtjrktgvk bc ‑cutrc” (jxpjrgìhngk jxtjrhk rjaktgvk k sju kmfgjhtj
jxtjrhc).
jxtjrhc ). Tjrnjpåîc (nchsngìhngk) kc sju mkgs fësgnc hívja, rjprjsjhtk k kprjngkåîc bk
aunrktgvgbkbj. Ç um prcnjssc kutcnchtrcakbc jhvcavjhbc bkbcs bj jhtrkbk, trkhsijrìhngk bj
ghicrmkåîc, prcnjsskmjhtc j mjmþrgk. Nchsngìhngk ç c rjsuatkbc bc Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka
ghtjrkeghbc ncm c pctjhngka bgegtka? rjprjsjhtk um jstkbc hkturka j hjnjssërgc, jxprjssîc j
ktgvgbkbj bk nchsngìhngk.
Jhqukhtc jstë bgrgeghbc, vcnì sj tcrhk nchsngjhtj bj um tglcac hk pgstk j suk uhgbkbj bj
mjmþrgk j prcnjsskmjhtc, tj urej k jvgtk-ac. Zm ncmputkbcr tcmk nchsngìhngk bj um hcvc
bgspcsgtgvc Z^F rjnjhtjmjhtj pauekbc j um NB icg ncacnkbc hc Brgvj J bj NB-VCM. ûks
uhgbkbjs bj prcnjsskmjhtc j mjmþrgk, nkrrjekm cs brgvjrs kprcprgkbcs j pjreuhtkm quka trga`k
tcnkr. Zmk pakhtk
suk mjmþrgk sj tcrhk bj
bj uhgbkbjs nchsngjhtj bj quj krjkrrkhlkm
prcnjsskmjhtc, auz bc sca sjmprj vjmbjbjsuks
k pcsgåîc umkica`ks
bgrjåîc pkrtgnuakr
pkrk ctgmgzkrj
suk jxpcsgåîc. Jxgstjm tkhtcs hívjgs bj pjrnjpåîc j ijjbfkno ncmc jxgstjm bj nchsngìhngk? bk
mjsmk icrkm, jxgstjm mugtcs tgpcs j gmpakhtkåújs bj mjmþrgk j prcnjsskmjhtc. Hîc usj k
vgsîc jstrjgtk.
Kutcnchsngìhngk ncmjåk ncm k jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrhk. Ncm suigngjhtj kutcbjighgåîc, bjighgåîc
kmfgjhtka, jxpjrgìhngk ghtjrktgvk j scigstgnkåîc bj prcnjsskmjhtc, kutcpjrnjpåîc pcbj
bjsjhvcavjr umk hcåîc bj jxgstìhngk ghbgvgbuka, rjaktgvk kc tcbc jxpjrgmjhtëvja. Rkmfçm `ë
mugtcs tchs j vkrgkåújs bj kutcpjrnjpåîc. Hîc igquj prjsc k pjhskr, quj pjrnjpåîc quj hîc sjlk
ncmc k suk, hîc ç pjrnjpåîc rjka. Rka krrceæhngk jecístk pcbj ikzì-ac sjhtgr-sj jspjngka, mks vkg
njeë-ac pkrk umk vgsîc mkgs kmpak bk jxgstìhngk.
▼ Ykmcs tcmkr um mcmjhtc pkrk bjighgr cs tjrmcs, nchsngìhngk, pjrnjpåîc,

ghtjageìhngk j sjhngìhngk. Rjmcs uskbc jstjs tjrmcs jm icrmk ejrka sjm mugtk nchiusîc,
mks ç c mcmjhtc bj sjr mkgs prjngsc.
‑^jhngjhtj” ç bjighgbc pjak jhngnacpçbgk ncmc ‑tjhbc pjrnjpåîc bj sjhtgbc?
nchsngjhtj”. ^j ejhjrkagzkmcs c vgçs þfvgc bks icrmks bj vgbk fksjkbks jm nkrfchc, k
bjighgåîc sj tcrhk< tjr pjrnjpåîc, nchsngìhngk. Tcbjríkmcs jxpkhbgr gstc pkrk ghnaugr< tjr k
`kfgagbkbj bj ghtjrkegr ncm, cu pjrnjfjr k sg mjsmk cu sju kmfgjhtj? tjr pjrnjpåîc.
pjrnjpåîc.
Rjrmcs ncmc ‑pjrnjpåîc nchsngjhtj” j ‑nchsngìhngk pjrnjptgvk” pcbjm sjr rjbuhbkhtjs
mks uskr ks pkakvrks ‑nchsngìhngk” j ‑pjrnjpåîc” luhtks jhiktgzk k nchjxîc iuhbkmjhtka bj
kmfcs cs nchnjgtcs.
Ycnì kn`k quj um mkrgsnc ç sjhngjhtj3 Nakrc, sj ghtjhngchkamjhtj ikz umk jsnca`k bj
puxkr sju pç pkrk bjhtrc bj ijn`kr suk nchn`k pkrk sj prctjejr qukhbc vcnì c nutunk. ^j
qukaqujr jhtgbkbj ikz jsnca`ks agvrjs ghtjhngchkgs k pkrtgr bj um jspkåc bj bjngsîc ighgtc, jak
bjvj sjr pjrnjptgvk j sjhngjhtj. ^j pcr cutrc akbc, umk jhtgbkbj sgmpajsmjhtj ghtjrkej
sjeughbc sjqujhngks igxks bj rjspcstks prç-prcerkmkbks (ncm um rcfò bj `clj sjeughbc
sjus kaecrgtmcs fksjkbcs jm nþbgec bj ncmputkbcr), jhtîc ç um jspkåc bj bjngsîc zjrkbc,
hjhùm agvrj krfítrgc, j hîc ç sjhngjhtj. Hcs fkgxcs hívjgs bj nkpkngbkbj ghtjrktgvk, hjm
sjmprj ç iënga bjtjrmghkr, qukgs icrmks bj vgbk sîc sjhngjhtjs cu hîc.
Tjhsc quj nchsngìhngk ç k qukhtgbkbj iuhbkmjhtka j pjrnjpåîc ç sju ktrgfutc fësgnc. C
rjakngchkmjhtc jhtrj nchsngìhngk j pjrnjpåîc ç sgmgakr kc rjakngchkmjh-tc jhtrj kmcr j
nugbkbc pjacs cutrcs. Nchsngìhngk kpjhks ç, jhqukhtc pjrnjpåîc vkrgk bj mugtc cpknk k
mugtc frga`khtj. Tjrnjpåîc ncajtk bkbcs jhqukhtc ghtjageìhngk ç um ktrgfutc bk pjrnjpåîc
quj prcnjssk, mkhgpuak, kvkagk j ghtjrprjtk kqujajs bkbcs ncajtkbcs pkrk prcbuzgr

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Mgh`k Erkhbj

TKVRJ BCG^ BK RVGACEGK

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Ncpyrge`t © 644> pcr R`cmks Nkmpfjaa

Rrkbuåîc j rjvgsîc bjstj vcaumj

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Kc Bjhhgs & Hkhny Ajk

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Tkrk kqujajs hjnjssgtkhbc bj

Tkrk tcbcs cs quj jstîc jm fusnk bk Erkhbj Yjrbkbj.

Ä Tkmjak, K Ühgnk (R`j Chj).

Kc kmcr quj jstë bjhtrc,

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Agvrc 6< Bjsncfjrtk

K ^jåîc 2 bjsnrjvj um mcbjac iuhngchka j cpjrkngchka bj nchsngìhngk quj ajvk kbgkhtj

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;; (2:) Mjhtj, Nçrjfrc j Ncrpc

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Knrjsnjhtkhbc, kerkbjåc k Hkhny Ajk MnMchjkeaj j Bjhhgs Mjhhjrgn` pcr klubkr j

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hjnjssërgks, pcr cumk

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KZC Zhgngbkbj K Kffscautk ^ ^jjm IrIrchtjgrks

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C ^jr @umkhc Hc Ngrnugtc

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▼ Ygsukagzj k KZM, ncmc um hjrb kbcajsnjhtj vgngkbc jm ncmputkbcr j `gegjhj

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Ç ejrkamjhtj knjgtc (jhtrj `umkhcs) quj hþs @cmc ^kpgjhs, tjmcs k

Njrtc j jrrkbc hc nchtjxtc nuaturka cu scngka ç rjaktgvc j ncstumjgrc „ hcrmkamjhtj umk

Gmpajmjhtj c Trcnjssc Iuhbkmjhtka! Ikåk vkajr nkbk jsnca`k. Mkhtjh`k c prcerkmk.

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cncrrj, bjgxkhbc vcnì jsjm

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▼Hcssk tjhbìhngk khtrcpcmþrignk j sjhsc bj kutc gmpcrtæhngk, klubkbcs pjac creua`c

hjnjssgbkbj mçbgnk ejhuíhk

tjh`k umk uanjrk

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▼Ykmcs ikzjr umk pjqujhk pkusk pkrk jxkmghkr k bghæmgnk bk ghtjhåîc j bk

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Mgh`k jxpjrgìhngk kssgm ncmc k jxpjrgìhngk bj mugtcs jxpacrkbcrjs bk HTMV ktrkvçs bk

C nchnjgtc bj ‑bgmjhsîc” hîc ç tîc jstrkh`c cu bgiínga bj ncmprjjhbjr ncm pkrjnjrgk k

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