QKQ^OECQ NO EOEIYCFC AK^G\BCQEÃ^KAC

Yosueof cncptcng no= Dcrp, Horcbn. Ikgbghåc aobubcr y egboaubcr= agfaoptgs y oxporkeoftgs. 0c on. 9<33. Acpåtubg :.

\crc ob cutgr, ob aktgpbcsec ostã ctrcvoscng y suinkvknkng pgr uf agepbomg skstoec no eoeircfcs, agfstukng pgr ob
roaubg ofngpbãsekag, ob cpcrctg no Hgbhk, ofngsgecs, bksgsgecs, porgxksgecs y vcaugbcs. Of cbhufcs ãrocs, ob roaubg
ofngpbãsekag ostã auikortg pgr rkigsgecs, quo sgf bcs ostruaturcs ospoakcbos sgiro bcs aucbos bgs cekfgãakngs so
ofsceibcf of prgtoåfcs4 tceikëf so ofauoftrcf rkigsgecs of gtrcs pcrtos nob aktgpbcsec. Ob cpcrctg no Hgbhk os uf
aoftrg no oepcquotcekoftg g agepcatcakñf no egbëaubcs skftozcncs noftrg no bc aëbubc. Bgs bksgsgecs y porgxksgecs
sgf vosåaubcs of bcs aucbos nk`oroftos pgs no egbëaubcs so nohrcncf c agfstuyoftos eãs skepbos quo puonof sor
ubkzcngs pgr bc aëbubc g of ob acsg no bgs prgnuatgs no nosoajg, sor obkekfcngs
obkekfcngs `ãakbeofto. Agfsknorcngs of agfmuftg,
ostgs grhcfobgs eoeircfgsgs `grecf uf skstoec no ofngeoeircfcs ostruaturcb y `ufakgfcbeoft
`ufakgfcbeofto
o kftorrobcakgfcncs.

Dcrp crec quo bcs grhcfobcs eoeircfgscs nob aktgpbcsec `grecf pcrto no ufc ron nkfãekac kftohrcnc of bc aucb so
kftoraceikcf
kftoraceikc f ectorkcbos no ufc pcrto no bc aëbubc c gtrc of ceigs sofngs. Of bc ecygr pcrto no bgs acsgs, bgs ectorkcbos
so trcsbcncf oftro bcs grhcfobcs, pgr omoepbg nob cpcrctg no Hgbhk c bc eoeircfc pbcseã ac, of poquoócs vosåaubcs no
pbcseãac,
trcfspgrto  rgnocncs pgr eoeircfc quo so `grecf pgr hoecakñf c pcrr no uf agepcrekoftg eoeircfgsg. Ostcs
vosåaubcs so euovof c trcvës nob aktgpbcsec no ecforc nkrkhknc, rcncs pgr prgtoåfcs egtgrcs quo gporcf sgiro rkobos
`grecngs pgr oboeoftgs nob aktgosquobotg,
aktgosquobotg, y buohg so `uskgfcf agf bc eoeircfc no uf agepcr
agepcrekoftg
ekoftg nk`orofto quo
caoptc tcftg bc acrhc no bc vosåaubc ageg su ofvgbturc eoeircfgsc (h.:-9 ). Akabgs ropongs no hoecakñf y `uskñf
nospbczcf ectorkcbos
ectorkcbos c bg bcrhg no bcs våcs c trcvës no bc aëbubc.

Of ob toxtg so prosoftc ageg so jcf knofacng nkvorscs våcs of ob aktgpbcsec (h. :-9). _fc våc  våc ikgskftëac g (Påc
soarotgrkc) y ufc   våc ofngaåac . Eonkcfto bc våc ikgskftëac  g (Påc soarotgrkc)  so skftozcf ectorkcbos of ob roaubg
ofngpbãsekag g of ob agepbomg no Hgbhk, buohg so egnkacf nurcfto su pcsg c trcvës nob agepbomg no Hgbhk y so
trcfspgrtcf of ob aktgpbcsec c nk`oroftos nosfgs tcbos ageg bc eoeircfc pbcseãac, uf bksgsgec, g bc vcaugbc eãs
hrcfno
hrcf no no ufc aëbubc vohot
vohotcb.
cb. Ostc rutc so agfgao tceikëf ageg bc våc soarotgrkc, puos hrcf pcrto no bgs ectorkcbos
agfgao tceikëf
skftozcngs of ob roaubg ofngpbãsekag g of ob agepbomg no Hgbhk ostãf nosfcngs c sor nosacrhcngs ( soarotcngs) jcakc
c`uorc no bc aëbubc. Bc våc ikgskftëac g soarotgrkc pcrakpc of ob umg no båpkngs, acrigjknrctgs y prgtoåfcs quo kfabuyof
prgtoåfcs sgbuibos quo so oxpubscf `uorc no bc aëbubc, prgtoåfcs kftohrcbos no eoeircfc y prgtoåfcs quo rosknof noftrg
no agepcreoftgs rgnocngs pgr eoeircfcs
eoeircfcs (tcbos ageg ofzkecs bksgsñekacs).

Qohýf Dcrp, bcs cavkncnos soarotgrkcs no bc aëbubc so puonof nkvknkr of ngs pgs= agfstuvc y rohubcnc.
3. Qoaroakñf Agfstuvc= Nurcfto bc soaroakñf agfstuvc so trcfspgrtcf ectorkcbos nosno su skg no såftosks y so
nosacrhcf of ob ospcakg oxtrcaobubcr no ecforc agffuc, fg rohubcnc. Bc ecygr pcrto no bcs aëbubcs pcrakpcf of bc
soaroakñf agfstuvc,
agfstuvc, prgaosg quo agftrkiuyo fg sñbg c bc `grecakñf no ectrkz oxtrcaobubcr, skfg tceikëf c bc `grecakñf
no bc prgpkc eoeircfc pbcseãac.
9. Qoaroakñf rohubcnc= Nurcfto bc soaroakñf rohubcnc so soarotcf y cbecaofcf ectorkcbos nobkektcngs pgr eoeircfc y
sñbg so nosacrhcf of rospuostc c uf oseubg cprgpkcng. Bc soaroakñf rohubcnc gaurro, pgr omoepbg, of aëbubcs quo
prgnuaof y bkiorcf jgregfcs g ofzkecs nkhosvcs y of aëbubcs forvkgscs quo bkiorcf sustcfakcs fourgtrcfseksgrcs.

Of tcftg quo bc våc soarotgrkc nospbczc ectorkcbos jcakc c`uorc no bc aëbubc, bc våc ofng
ofngaåac
aåac gporc of nkroaakñf gpuostc
bbovcfng ectorkcbos nob oxtorkgr no bc aëbubc (y nosno bc suporako no bc eoeircfc aobubcr) c agepcrekoftgs ageg bgs
ofngsgecs y bksgsgecs bgacbkzcngs of ob kftorkgr no bc aëbubc (h. :-9). Ob egvkekoftg no vosåaubcs y no bgs ectorkcbos
ofaorrcngs of obbcs c bg bcrhg no nk`oroftos våcs noftrg no ufc aëbubc os cfãbghg c bgs egvkekoftgs no vojåaubgs no acrhc
quo bbovcf nk`oroftos pgs no acrhc c bg bcrhg no bcs acbbos no ufc akuncn. Ceigs pgs no trcfspgrto roqukorof fgrecs
nofkncs no ‒trãag―  pcrc hcrcfzcr
hcrcfzcr quo bgs ectectorkcb
orkcbos
os nos
nosfcngs
fcngs c nk`o
nk`orofto
roftoss bgacbknc
bgacbkncnos
nos socf oftrohcngs
oftrohcngs agf
proakskñf of bgs skgs cprgpkcngs. \gr omoepbg, ob trãag no prgtoåfcs cb kftorkgr no ufc aëbubc no bc hbãfnubc scbkvcb
roqukoro quo bcs prgtoåfcs nob egag scbkvcb, obcigrcncs of ob roaubg ofngpbãsekag so nkrkmcf   ospoaåac
ospoaåaceofto
eofto jcakc bcs
vosåaubcs soarotgrkcs4 of tcftg quo bcs ofzkecs bksgsñekacs, tceikëf obcigrcncs of ob roaubg ofngpbãsekag, so ofvåof
ospoakcbeofto
ospoakcbeoft o c bgs bksgsgecs.

Ostgss pgs no acrh

Ostg acrhceo
ceoftg
ftg (prgtoåfcs
(prgtoåfcs soarotcncs,
soarotcncs, quo puon
puonof
of sor jgregfcs
jgregfcs44 ofzk
ofzkecs
ecs bksgsñek
bksgsñekacs,
acs, y prgt
prgtoåfc
oåfcss no
eoeircfc
eoeir cfc),
), so nkr
nkrkho
khof
f c sus nos
nosfg
fgss aobubc
aobubcros
ros cp
cprgp
rgpkcn
kcngs
gs oepbo
oepbocf
cfng
ng bcs "nk
"nkroa
roaakg
akgfos
fos"" ospoaå
ospoaåa
acs
cs g soócbos
 

abcsk`acngrcs quo ostãf agnkacncs of bc soauofakc no cekfgãakngs no bcs prgtoåfcs g of bgs gbkhgscaãrkngs quo puonof
ostcr ufkngs
ufkngs c obbcs
obbcs.. Bcs soócbos no abcska
abcskacakñ
cakñf
f sgf roagfga
roagfgakncs
kncs pgr roaoptgros
roaoptgros ospoaåags
ospoaåags quo ostã
ostãf
f noftrg
noftrg no bcs
eoeircfcs g bcs auikortcs suporakcbos no bcs vosåaubcs of hoecakñf, bg quo csohurc ob trcfspgrto no bc prgtoåfc cb
nosfg cprgpkcng.
@KH_YC :-9
 

OB YO^ÅA_BG OFNG\BÃQEKAG

Dc
Dcrp
rp os abcr
abcrg
g of cr
crec
ecrr qu
quoo ob roa
roaubg
ubg ofngpb
ofngpbãse
ãsekag
kag (YO)
(YO) so nkv
nkvkno
kno of ngs actohg
actohgråc
råcss eu
euyy ce
cepbk cs= roaubg
pbkcs=
ofngpb
ofn gpbãse
ãsekag
kag ruhgsg
ruhgsg (YOY)
(YOY) y ro
roaub
aubgg ofngpb
ofngpbãse
ãsekag
kag bks
bksg
g (YOB).
(YOB). Ce
Ceigs
igs pgs
pgs no YO agf
agfsstuy
tuyof
of uf skst
skstoec
oec no
eoeircfcs quo ofakorrcf uf ospcakg g buz quo ostã sopcrcng nob aktgsgb akraufncfto. Of agfsoauofakc, ob agftofkng
båqukng nob aktgpbcsec ostã nkvknkng pgr ob YO of ngs agepcrekoftgs= uf ospcakg ofaorrcng noftrg no sus eoeircfcs,
nofgekfcng ospcakg buekfcb g akstorfc y bc rohkñf sktucnc pgr `uorc no bcs eoeircfcs, quo os ob ospcakg aktgsñbkag. Bc
nk`orofakc egr`gbñhkac oftro YOY y YOB agfsksto of bc prosofakc no rkigsgecs of ob prkeorg y cusofakc no bgs eksegs of
ob ýbeg
ýbeg.. Bgs rkigs
rkigsgec
gecss of ob YOYOYY skoep
skoepro
ro so ofa
ofauof
uoftrc
trcf
f of bc sup
supor
orak
ako
o quo ostã jc
jcakc
akc ob bcn
bcng
g aktgsñ
aktgsñbka
bkag
g g
aktgpbcseãag.

Ob cutgr chrohc quo YOY os uf grhcfobg eoeircfgsg oxtofsg agepuostg prkfakpcbeofto no scags cpbcfcngs ( akstorfcs
akstorfcs )
sopcrcngs pgr uf ospcakg aktgsñbkag. Bcs ekarghrccs oboatrñfkacs euostrcf ob ospcakg akstorfcb nob YOY nkvknkng of
agepcrekoftgs sopcrcngs porg so aroo quo tgncs bcs akstorfcs YOY so ageufkacf oftro så y quo ob ospcakg akstorfcb os
agffug oftro obbcs. \gr su pcrto, bgs oboeoftgs eoeircfgsgs nob YOB sgf pkaceofto tuiubcros y `grecf uf skstoec
kftoragfoatcng no tuioråcs quo so kfaurvcf c trcvës nob aktgpbcsec of ob aucb so prosoftcf. Nk`oroftos pgs no aëbubcs
ofof acfncnos fgtciboeofto nksftcs no uf pg no YO g nob gtrg, sohýf bcs cavkncnos no bc aëbubc. \gr omoepbg, bcs
aëbubcs quo soarotcf hrcf acfncn no prgtoåfcs, ageg bcs nob pãfarocs g no bcs hbãfnubcs scbkvcbos/ pgsoof oxtofscs
rohkgfos no YOY.

3. OB YO^
YO^ÅA
ÅA_B
_BG
G OF
OFNG
NG\B
\BÃQ
ÃQEK
EKAG
AG BKQ
BKQG
G

Of prkeor buhcr Dcrp oxpbkac ageg ob YOB ostã euy noscrrgbbcng of cbhufgs pgs no aëbubcs, kfabuyofng bcs no eýsaubg
osquobëag, týiubgs rofcbos y hbãfnubcs ofngarkfcs prgnuatgrcs no ostorgknos. Bcs `ufakgfos nob YOB kfabuyof=

• Qåftosks no jgregfcs ostorgknocs of aëbubcs ofngarkfcs no bcs hñfcncs y bc agrtozc suprcrrofcb.

• Nostgxkacakñf of ob jåhcng no hrcf vcrkoncn no agepuostgs grhãfkags, kfabuyofng, pgr omoepbg, icriktýrkags y otcfgb.
Bc nostgxkacakñf so o`oatýc eonkcfto uf skstoec no ofzkecs quo trcfsorof gxåhofg (gxkhofcscs), oftro bcs aucbos so
kfabuyo bc ofzkec aktgargeg gxkncsc \>?<. Osto pg no ofzkecs sgf pgag ospoaåacs no sustrctg, pgr bg aucb ofof bc
acpcakncn no gxkncr ekbos no nk`oroftos agepuostgs jknrñ`gigs y agfvorrbgs of sustcfakcs eãs jknrñbcs y eãs `ãakbos
no oxarotcr. Bgs o`oatgs fg skoepro sgf pgskvgs4 ob agepuostg iofzgTγU pkrofg robcvceofto pgag fgakvg (`grecng cb
tgstcr acrfo sgiro ufc pcrrkbbc) so agfvkorto of uf pgtofto acrakfñhofg pgr caakñf no bcs ofzkecs "nostgxkacftos" nob YOB.
Ostcs ofzkecs sgf bcs ofacrhcncs
ofacrhcncs no eotcigbkzcr euajgs
euajgs pgs no eonkaceoftgs.

• Bkiorcakñf no hbuagsc c pcrr no bc hbuagsc 0-`gs`ctg of aëbubcs jopãacs eonkcfto bc ofzkec hbuagsc 0- `gs`ctcsc, ostc
ofzkec, quo so ofauoftrc of bcs eoeircfcs YOB obkekfc ob hrupg `gs`ctg y hoforc egbëaubcs no hbuagsc quo fcbeofto

so nospbczcf jcakc bc agrrkofto scfhuåfoc, ngfno so trcfspgrtcf c bgs tomkngs nob auorpg.
 Qoauostrg no kgfos acbakg (Ac9+) noftrg nob ospcakg akstorfcb. Bc bkiorcakñf
bkiorcakñf rohubcnc no Ac9+ no bcs eoeircfcs
eoeircfcs nob
YOB nosofacnofc rospuostcs aobubcros ospoaåacs, kfabuyofng agftrcaakñf no aëbubcs eusaubcros osquobëacs.

9. YO
YO^Å
^ÅA_
A_BG
BG OFN
OFNG\
G\BÃ
BÃQE
QEKA
KAG
G Y_HG
Y_HGQG
QG
\gr gtrg bcng ob cutgr pbcftoc ageg bcs prkeorcs kfvoshcakgfo
kfvoshcakgfoss caorac no bc `ufakñf nob YOY so o`oatucrgf of aëbubcs quo
soarotcf hrcf acfncn no prgtoåfcs, ageg bcs aëbubcs cakfcros nob pãfarocs g bcs aëbubcs soarotgrkcs no egag nob
rovosekoftg nob agfnuatg nkhosvg. C pcrr nob skhukofto nkiumg quo roprosoftc ufc aëbubc kftosfcb soarotgrkc no
egag os ovknofto quo bgs grhcfobgs kftorfgs no ostcs aëbubcs ofof ecracnc pgbcrkncn (g uikacakñf nk`orofto) of bc
aëbubc,
aëbubc, sk bc ekrc
ekrcegs
egs nosno su oxtroe
oxtroegg icscb (kf`or
(kf`orkgr
kgr of ob nkiu
nkiumg)
mg) cb cpkac
cpkacbb (ob supo
suporkgr
rkgr of ob nkiumg). Ob fýabo
fýabog
g y bc
oxtofsc rohkñf no akstorfcs nob YOY so bgacbkzcf aorac no bc suporako icscb no bc aëbubc. Ob cpcrctg no Hgbhk (agepbomg no
Hgbhk)) so bgacbkzc
Hgbhk bgacbkzc of bc rohkñf aoftrcb no bc aëbubc. Ob aktg
aktgpbcse
pbcsecc nob oxtr
oxtroeg
oeg cpkacb no bc aëbubc ostã bbofg no hrãfubgs
soarotgros auyg agftofkng ostã bkstg pcrc bkiorcrso jcaåc ob agfnuatg scfhuåfog of aucftg bbohuo bc soócb cprgpkcnc. Bc
pgbcrkncn no ostcs aëbubcs opktobkcbos hbcfnubcros roomc ob umg no prgnuatgs soarotgrkgs c trcvës no bc aëbubc nosno su
skg no såftosks jcstc ob no nosacrhc.
 

Oxtroeg cpkacb

Oxtroeg icscb

Cså, Dcrp nomc abcrg quo ufc no bcs `ufakgfos nob roaubg ofngpbãseka
ofngpbãsekagg ruhgsg (YOY) os bc såftosks no prgtoåfcs nosfcnc
nosfcncss
c sor soarotcncs (prgtoåfcs no soaroakñf) ageg
ageg pgr omoepbg, jgregfcs ofngarkfcs no acrã acrãator
ator prgtoåag y cfauorpgs. [
tceikëf
tcei këf bcs prgt
prgtoåfcs
oåfcs kftohrcbos
kftohrcbos no eoeircf
eoeircfc. c. Oftgfaos
Oftgfaos bcs prgtoåfcs
prgtoåfcs no soaroakñ
soaroakñff y bcs prgtoåfcs
prgtoåfcs kftohrcbos
kftohrcbos sgf
skftozcncs of rkigsgecs ufkngs cb YOY.

Qkf oeicrhg, pcrc ob cutgr gtrg pg no prgtoåfcs sgf skftozcncs of rkigsgecs bkiros of ob aktgpbcsec, os noakr, quo fg
ostãf ufkngs cb YOY. Noftrg no osto pg no prgtoåfcs so ofauoftrcf= prgtoåfcs nosfcncs c porecfoaor noftrg no bc
aëbubc (quo fg sorãf soarotcncs)
soarotcncs) ageg pgr omoepbg prgtoåfcs nob aktgosquobotg,
aktgosquobotg, g ofzkecs no bc hbuañbksks4 prgtoåfcs
pork`ërkacs no bc suporako kftorfc no bc eoeircfc4 y prgtoåfcs no bc ektgagfnrkc g bgs abgrgpbcstgs, oftro gtrcs.

Ob acpåtubg ostunkcng porekto rospgfnor c ostc aruakcb prohuftc = ·Añeg puonof knofacr bcs aëbubcs ostgs ngs pgs no
prgtoåfc y nobkektcr sus skgs no såftosks7 Nopofno no bc kf`grecakñf agftofknc of bc soauofakc no cekfgãakngs no bc
prgtoåfc,
prgto åfc, ospoaå
ospoaåac
aceoft
eofto o of su oxtroeg
oxtroeg cekfg tore
torekfcb
kfcb,, quo os bc prkeorc pcrto quo surho nob rkigsgec nurcfto
nurcfto bc
såftosks no prgtoåfc. Bcs prgtoåfcs soarotgrkcs agfofof ufc soauofakc no soócbos ospoakcb of ob F torekfcb (g cekfg
torekfcb) quo prgvgac bc ufkñf nob rkigsgec agf ufc eoeircfc nob YO y ob nospbczcekoftg nob pgbkpëpng fcakofto cb
kftorkgr nob ospcakg akstorfcb nob YO.

Qåftosks no båpkngs no eoeircfc.

Dcrp pbcftoc ageg acsk tgngs bgs båpkngs no bc eoeircfc so skftozcf of ob roaubg ofngpbãsekag, ospoakcbeofto of ob
YO bksg4 bcs prkfakpcbos oxaopakgfos sgf osfhgekobkfc y hbuagbåpkngs, auyc såftosks agekofzc of ob YO y agfabuyo of ob
agepbomg no Hgbhk. Bgs `gs`gbkpkngs roakëf skftozcngs so kftrgnuaof of bc ektcn no bc ikacpc quo so ofauoftrc ekrcfng
jcaåc ob aktgpbcsec. Cbhufcs no ostcs egbëaubcs bkpånkacs so nospbczcf eãs tcrno jcakc bc gtrc acpc no bc ikacpc cyuncncs
pgr prgtoåfcs (kpcscs) quo trcfsbgacf cavceofto
cavceofto bcs egbëaubcs no bgs båpkngs c trcvës no bc ikacpc.

Hbuagskbcakñf of ob roaubg ofngpbãsekag ruhgsg

Gtrg kepgrtcfto tñpkag trctcng pgr ob cutgr os quo of YOY so ncf bgs prkeorgs pcsgs no bc cnkakñf no czýacros c
Hbuagprgtoåfcs= osto prgaosg so agfgao ageg ‒Hbkagskbcakñf―.
‒Hbkagskbcakñf―. Acsk tgncs bcs prgtoåfcs prgnuakn
prgnuakncs
cs of rkigsgecs ufkngs c
bc eoeircfc, yc socf agepgfoftos kftohrcbos no eoeircfc, ofzkecs bksgsñekacs g vcaugbcros, g pcrtos no bc ectrkz
oxtrcaobubcr, so agfvkortof of hbuagprgtoåfcs, os noakr, of prgtoåfcs quo ofof ufkng uf gbkhgscaãrkng. Qkf oeicrhg, bc
agepgskakñf no bc prgtoåfc sorã egnkacnc of ob Cpcrctg no Hgbhk.
 

OB C\CYC^G G AGE\BOMG NO HGBHK

Bc oxpg
oxpgskakñ
skakñff no Dcr
Dcrpp agf
agffýc
fýc pbcftocfng
pbcftocfng age
agegg ostc grhcfob
grhcfobcc aobubcr
aobubcr so ofau
ofauoftr
oftrc
c bgacbkzc
bgacbkzcnc
nc aorac
aorac cb roa
roaubg
ubg
ofngpbãsekag, y ostã agepuostc no igbscs cpbcfcncs rgnocncs no eoeircfcs bbcecncs ‒Akstorfcs―, y pgr vosåaubcs
csgakcncs. C su voz bcs akstorfcs so ofauoftrcf
ofauoftrcf nkspuostcs of pkbcs grnofcncs quo puonof sor AKQ, EONKCBOQ g ^YCFQ. Bcs
akstorfcs AKQ so ofauoftrcf `rofto cb roaubg ofngpbãsekag. Por ob skhukofto osquoec=

Yoprosoftcakñf
Yoprosoftcakñf nob Cpcrctg no Hgbhk.

\uostg quo bcs eoeircfcs nob agepbomg no Hgbhk ostãf nosprgvkstcs no rkigsgecs, so abcskacf ageg eoeircfcs bkscs.
Bcs akstorfcs eãs prñxkecs cb YO so agfsknorcf of bc acrc aks, of tcftg quo bcs akstorfcs nob oxtroeg gpuostg no bc pkbc so
ofauoftrc
ofau oftrcff of bc acrc trcfs
trcfs.. Ob agepbomg no Hgbhk so nkvkno of auctrg agepcrekoftgs `ufakgfcbeofto nksftgs4 bcs
akstorfcs aks, eonkc y trcfs4 y bc ron trcfs no Hgbhk (Y^H).

Ob agepbomg no Hgbhk os prkfakpcbeofto ufc pbcftc prgaoscngrc. Bcs prgtoåfcs roakëf skftozcncs, quo prkeorg `uorgf
ofsceibcncs of ob YOY, so egnkacf ekoftrcs ctrcvkoscf bc pkbc no Hgbhk= bcs ofzkecs prgtogbåacs roagrtcf pcrto no su
bgfhktun4 bgs cekfgãakngs puonof egnk
egnkacrso
acrso (p. om., pgr jknrgxkbcak
jknrgxkbcakñf
ñf no bgs cekfgãakngs no ufc egbëaubc no agbãhofg)
y aceikcr hrcnucbeofto su agftofkng no acrigjknrctgs eonkcfto ufc sorko no rocaakgfos ofzkeãacs. _fc voz quo bcs
prgtoåfcs cbacfzcf bc ron trcfs no Hgbhk of ob bcng trcfs nob grhcfobg ostãf bkstcs pcrc sor abcskacncs y ofvkcncs c su
nosfg fcb noftrg g `uorc no bc aëbubc.

Hbuagskbcakñf of ob agepbomg no Hgbhk

Agepboeoftcfng ob prgaosg skftëag of ostc grhcfobc, Dcrp nkao quo bc `ufakñf nofknc agf ecygr abcrkncn nob
agepbomg no Hgbhk os pcrakpcr of bc cnkakñf no acrigjknrctgs c bcs prgtoåfcs. Ob agepbomg no Hgbhk os ob skg ngfno so
agfabuyo bc cnkakñf no acrigjknrctgs (gbkhgscaãrkngs) c hbuagprgtoåfcs y hbuagbåpkngs. Ob agepbomg no Hgbhk tceikëf os ob
skg
skg no såf
såftos
tosks
ks no bc ecygr pcrto
pcrto no bgs agep
agepbombomgs
gs pgbksc
pgbkscaã
aãrkn
rkngs
gs no bc aëb
aëbubc
ubc,, kfa
kfabuy
buyofn
ofng,
g, pgr omoe
omoepbg
pbg,, bgs
hbuagscekfghbkacfgs gisorvcngs of bc ectrkz oxtrcaobubcr no aëbubcs cfkecbos g bcs poafcs y bc joekaobubgsc quo so
ofauoftrcf of bcs pcronos aobubcros no bcs pbcftcs. Cnoeãs os uf skg kepgrtcfto pcrc bc såftosks no hbuagbåpkngs y
osfhgekobkfc.

Cså puos, pgnoegs rosuekr quo bcs prkfakpcbos `ufakgfos nob agepbomg g cpcrctg no Hgbhk sgf=
- \crakpc of bcs otcpcs fcbos no bc Hbuagskbcakñf no prgtoåfcs.
- Qåftosks no hbkagbåpkngs y oshgekobkfc
- Qåftosks no pgbkscaãrkngs agepbomgs no bc pcron aobubcr no aëbubcs vohotcbos= poafcs, joekaobubgscs

Bcs prgtoåfcs (soarotgrcs,

(soarotgrcs, bksgsñekacs y prgtoåfcs kftohrcbos no eoeircfc)
eoeircfc) so trcfspgrtcf oftro bgs agepcre
agepcreoftgs
oftgs
eonkcfto vosåaubcs quo so nosprofnof no uf agepcreoftg no eoeircfc y so `uskgfcf agf uf agepcreoftg eãs

cvcfzcng of ob cpcrctg no Hgbhk, jcstc bbohcr c bc acrc trcfs y fcbeofto scbkr c su nosfg, bg aucb abcrceofto os uf
eoacfkseg no oxgaktgsks, y so agfstuyo of bc otcpc torekfcb no bc soaroakñf. Por bc skhukofto hurc=
 

Bksgsgecs
Of ob toxtg, ob cutgr pbcftoc ageg bgs bksgsgecs catýcf
catýcf ageg grhcfobgs nkhosvgs no bc aëbubc. Noftrg
Noftrg no uf bksgsgec
pkag so ofauoftrcf uf hrupg no acsk ?< ofzkecs jknrgbåacs nk`oroftos skftozcncs of ob YO ruhgsg y ofvkcncs c osgs
grhcfobgs. Bcs ofzkecs no uf bksgsgec agepcrtof ufc prgpkoncn kepgrtcfto= tgncs ofof cavkncn ñpec c pJ ãakng=
sgf jknrgbcscs cakncs.

Of agfmuftg, bcs ofzkecs bksgsñekacs sgf acpcaos no jknrgbkzcr prãaaceofto aucbqukor pg no ecargegbëaubc ikgbñhkac
pcrc agfvorrbc of prgnuatgs no icmg posg egboaubcr (eãs poquoógs) quo puoncf sor trcfspgrtcngs c trcvës no bc
eoeircfc bksgsñekac cb kftorkgr nob aktgpbcsec. Cnoeãs, bgs bksgsgecs pcrakpcf of bc nohrcncakñf no icatorkcs, quo
bbohcf c bc aëbubc pgr `chgaktgsks. Oftgfaos cquå os kepgrtcfto
kepgrtcfto cabcrcr, quo bc `chgaktgsks fg os sñbg uf eoacfkse
eoacfksegg pgr ob
aucb bc aëbubc puono cnqukrkr cbkeoftgs,
cbkeoftgs, skfg quo cnoeãs puono `ufakgfcr ageg uf eoaceoacfkseg
fkseg no no`ofsc aobubcr. \gr bg
aucb,
auc b, of bgs grh
grhcf
cfkse
ksegs
gs sup
supork
orkgro
gross age
ageg
g bgs vorto
vortoirc
ircngs
ngs,, bgs bksgsg
bksgsgecs
ecs ofof
ofof ufc `uf`ufakñ
akñf
f abcvo
abcvo of bc no`ofs
no`ofscc
kfeufktcrkc.

Ofngsgecs
Dcrp fg nomc no bcng ostc ostruaturc y nosarkio quo ob ectorkcb acptcng pgr ofngaktgsks fgrecbeofto so nosacrhc of
ufc ron no týiubgs y vosåaubcs quo of agfmuftg so agfgaof ageg ofngsgecs. Bgs ofngsgecs cnoeãs so nkvknof of ngs
oftgs, bgs ofngs
agepcrekoftgs,
agepcrek ofngsgecs
gecs toeprcfgs,
toeprcfgs, pkaceofto bgacbkzcngs aorac no bc rohkñf pork`ërkac no bc aëbubc, y bgs
ofngsgecs tcrnågs, quo fgrecbeofto so bgacbkzcf of cbhufc pcrto eãs kftorkgr no bc aëbubc, eãs aorac nob fýabog. Bgs
ectork
ect orkcbo
cboss acptc
acptcngs
ngs pgr ofn
ofngak
gaktgs
tgsks
ks of bc supor
suporak
ako
o no bc aëbubc
aëbubc prkeo
prkeorg
rg so trc
trcfsp
fspgrt
grtcf
cf c bgs age
agepcr
pcre
ekof
koftgs
tgs
ofngsñekags toeprcfgs, quo so aroo quo catýcf ageg uf ãroc no abcskacakñf. Qo aroo quo bgs ofngsgecs tcrnågs
roakiof ofzkecs bksgsñekacs skftozcncs of ob YOY, cnoeãs no roakikr ob ectorkcb no bgs ofngsgecs toeprcfgs. Bgs
ectorkcbos pcscf nob ofngsgec tcrnåg cb kftorkgr no bgs bksgsgecs, ngfno su`rof uf prgaoscekoftg
prgaoscekoftg cnkakgfcb g nkhosñf.

\orgxksgecs
@kfcbeofto so nostcac nob acpåtubg :, nob toxtg ikgbghåc aobubcr y egboaubcr, bc prosoftcakñf no bgs porgxksgecs pgr Dcrp,
ageg grhcfobcs rgnocncs pgr eoeircfc, agf ufcs acrcatoråsacs
acrcatoråsacs ospoakcbos prosftcncs c agffucakñf. Ostãf prosoftos

of acsk tgncs bcs aëbubcs ouacrkgtcs y ofof `ufakgfos eotciñbkacs. Noiof su fgeiro c quo bcs prkeorcs ofzkecs quo so
nosauirkorgf of su kftorkgr `uorgf bcs porgxkncscs cufquo puonof agftofor eãs no ?< ofzkecs nk`oroftos. Bgs pgs no
 

ofzkecs prosoftos y su agfaoftrcakñf vcråcf nopofnkofng nob pg aobubcr y nob ostcng skgbñhkag no bc aëbubc. Bcs rutcs
eotciñbkacs prkfakpcbos quo bbovcf c acig bgs porgxksgecs sgf bc ι-gxkncakñf no bgs ãakngs hrcsgs (bc aucb of cfkecbos
tceikëf suaono of bc ektgagfnrkc), y bc obkekfcakñf no porñxkng no jknrñhofg (J9G9), ostc ýbec rocaakñf bc bghrc
hrcakcs c bc prosofakc no ufc ofzkec bbcecnc Actcbcsc, bc aucb agfvkorto ob porñxkng no jknrñhofg, uf agepuostg tñxkag y
cbtceofto rocavg of G9 y J9G.