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^@ W D VFONC
uk pr`h`b`
oporjfc` jk jh Euok
gj Forh`s
prcdjr t`d` gj ho Jjvcsto
Bacok` 3-?1), y ogvjrtjkfco
ho
gjh ^c ̀
^c` Nujk`s Ocrjs5
gj Butc`rrjz
gj ho ]hoto >6->2) f`d`
Forh`s
Fosovohhj, ?12?). ^jfujrgjksj todncjk h`s ajrd`s`s gcnue`s gj d`tcv`s jfajvjrrcok`s
gj Euok Dourcfc` Nubjkgos.
>
t`k` cr`kcf` gj s suu ]r`pobokgo oktcrr`scsto, jh ljrv`r
ljrv`r gj su potrc`tcsd` , t`g`
oqujhh` q u j k`s ckfcto o f`h`for h
k` o `nro jktrj h
ho hoos dje`rjs frjofc`kjs gjgjhh rjohcs-
rjohcs-
d ` orbjktck` gjfcd`k`k`. Ncjk quj jsto k` sjo uk ukoo foroftjrczofc`k ckjxofto
gjh rjhot`, ho
ho f`kscgjrod`s ckf`dphjto, s`nrj
s`nrj t`g` j k h` quj otokj o ho oftctug
jk
vctoh quj sj gjsprjkgj gjh dcsd` loft`r fuy` jktjkgcdcjkt` k`s porjfj cd-
prjsfckgcnhj.
A`y, d dos
os gj fcjkt
fcjkt`` vjcktj ok`s gjspu`s gj su dujrtj, ho vcbjkfco j cd cdpp`rtoccfco
gj Jfajvjrrco sj gjnjk prckfcpohdjktj o uko `nro ckjgcto jk su tcjdp`, uk
n`rrog`r onokg`kog` jk jh gjsvok gj su foso. Euok Dorco Butcjrrjz, nujk
odcb` g
gjjh out`r, punhcf`
punhcf` j jxtrok` l`hhjtck fr`k`h`bcfodjktj
jhh jxtrok` fr`k`h`bcfodjktj j jhh prcdjr
prcdjr fujkt`
gj ho hctjroturo orb jktcko,, jk uk t`d` gj ho ^jvcsto g j h ^c` gj ho ]hoto. D o s
orbjktcko
ogjhoktj h` ckfhuy` jk hos @ nros
nros f`dphjtos* f`k uk pr`h`b` okohctcf` q uj oporjfj
7
jk l`rdo g
gjj jxtjkso k`to o
ohh pc
pcj
j. Gjeokg` o uk hog ` h` quj jstos pohonros hcdc-
hog`
korjs pujgok tjkjr gj jh`bc` pjrs`koh, js js jvcgjktj quj jh pr`h`bucsto pjrfcnc`
hos fuohcgogjs jpcgjrdcfos gjh rjhot`, hos
hos quj aok sjbucg` f`djktokg` h`s frctc-
f`s
f` s p`stjrc`rjs. Vj
Vj ogvcjrtjk ohhc h`s
h`s jhjdj kt`s trogcfc`kohjs gjh bjkjr` rjohcsto5
jhjdjkt`s
cr`kco, sotcro y `tr`s jljft`s aud`rcstcf`s, frctcfo
frctcfo s`fcoh, p`hctcfo
p`hctcfo y oktcfhjrcfoh,
gjtohhcsd` gjsfrcptcv`, y uko jvcgjktj tjkgjkf
tjkgjkfcoco gcgoftcfo. Kogo
Kogo gj j st` sj h
jst` hjj
>
Vj ao jsfrct` dufa` s`nrj hos oftcvcgogjs punhcfos g j Jfajvjrrco, su oftcvcsd` lrjktj
gj
oh b`ncjrk` out`rctorc` gj ^`sos, su hon`r jgufotcvo, jktrj `tros lofjtos gj uko uko vcgo
gjgcfogo o ho rjl`rdo s`fcoh y p`hctcf o. K` osc f`k rjspjft` o su f`kt
p `hctcfo. f`ktrcnu
rcnufc` k o
fc`k ohh r`dok-
tcfcsd` hctjrorc`. Dokujh Borfco ]ujrtos Jh r`doktcfcsd` gj Jstjnok Jfhcjvjrrco
YD`ktjvcgj`5 Zkcvjrscgog gj ho ^jpunhcfo, ?3:2T) oko okohcz o (< y sbts.) ho cdp`rtoccfco gj
hczo
Jfajvjrrco f`d` cgj`h`b` gj ho ^jv`hufc`k gj Doy`. Js utch todnc`k ho ho uhtcdo sjffc`k
gjhh hcnr`,
gj hcn r`, Jh djksoej g j Jfajvjrrco (>3-66),
gj jk
(>3-66), j k qu
q uj jh frctcf` rjhofc`ko
rjhofc`ko jh pjksod
p jksodcjkt`
cjkt`
gjh out`r f`k su pr`guffc`k hctjrorco. Borfco Borfco ]ujrtos fcto o ^`g` (6?), poro poro qucjcc j jhh
r`doktcfcsd` gj Jfajvjrrco sj ckspcro jk jh ljrv`r rjv`hufc`ko rjv`hufc`korc`.
rc`. Jh p u kt` js gcsfu-
tcnhj y y `nejt` gj cktjrdckonhjs gcsputos s`nrj h`s h`s gcvjrs`s r`doktcfcsrk`s 5 hcnjroh,
luturcsto, rjoffc`korc`, trogcfc`koh, acst`rcfcsto, jtf. Oquc k`s f`kfcjrkj uk dotcz
f`duk o t`g`s, uko p`sturo lrjktj o ho jxpjrcjkfco audoko quj qu j s`h` sj dodlcjsto fk
jh jspcrctu gj ho ho `nro,
`n ro, jk sus scdn`h`s, y y quj lu
lukfc` ko oh dorbjk
kfc`ko dorbjk gj hos lofjtos djkfc`ko-
gos. Ho jxphcfofc`k dos fhoro y f`kvckfjktj quj ajd`s hjcg` js ho gj Ohjx F`dl`rt5
Waj fhosscf sjjs dok çs dostjr, taj r`doktcf r`doktcf sjjs
sjjs ac
acdd çs vcftcd `l a cs jkvcr`kdjkt
acs
O rt okg V`fcoh ^jsp`kscnchcty5 Hjfturfs `k taj Cgj`h`by `l ^`doktcfcsd YH`kg`k5 Waj
Lohf`k ]rjss, ?37<T, ?7). lcstj
lcstj js jh pu kt
kt`
` gj p
gj portcg
ortcgoo gjh prjsjktj jstugc`,
gj üh s`ktcg` jk
üh
r`doktcfcsd` jsjkfcoh gj Jh dotogjr`.
quj ohugcd`s oh r`doktcfcsd`
>
(Nu
(N ujk`s Ocrjs5 Jgcfc`k
Jgcfc`kjsjs Okt`kc` Uod`ro, ?3:?), 7>2-7>. Jh ckgcfj (sck kurk`r` gj
pçbcko) gcfj ckf`rrjftodjktj >72 g`kgj gjncjro gjfcr 7>2.
7
Cncg., 7>2-6=. Jh quj qucjro jvctorsj ho d`hjstco gj nrjbor f f``k jstos pçbckos ot`stogos
gj hjtros dcfr`sf`pcfos aohhorç j jhh pr`h`b` gj Butc`rrjz cdprjs` j jkk l`rrko d do os h`bcnh` jk
Ho foutcvo y Jh dotogjr` (Nujk`s Ocrjs5 Jgct`rcoh V`pjko, ?3<>), 2:-23. \`oksj ho hos
s
k` `tr`s got`s ncnhc`brçlcf`s rjljrjktjs o hos pohonros gj Bu tcjrrj
k`tt çs h y ?> p oro `tr`s tcjrrjz.
z.
Nr`ubat t` y`u ny | Zkcvjrscty `l Orcz`ko
Outajktcfotjg
G`wkh`og Gotj | : >2 ?: ?=5>< OD
^`njrt D. Vjorc
Vjorc
: < 2 1 3
Cncg. 7>2. @nros f`dphjtos 7>1.
H`f. gt. Cncg. 7>3. Cncg. 7>1.
?=
H`f. fct. Ajd`s d`gclcfog` jh `rgjk
`rgjk pjr` k` jh sjktcg` gj hos pohonros g gjj Butcjrrjz.
??
F`k rjspjft` o ho rjhofc`k jktrj ho pjrcpjfco `nsjr
F`k `nsjrvog
vogo
o y su f`kstokfco jsfrcto, Butc`rrjz
Butc`rrjz
- ‗@*² - ‗ w ¹ ¹ [**δς*-.ε[ [[**D.\[R*. vx«
cw;vc ]tVuu @
[O\/ \F\/QE.\E.\ Q E E H F I Z F t C
CH@
H@/CQ QF n@QF@F@ H/thh t ZZA`HZhh
hZ
ZZH ? ΖΝΝαΖ
fog`, y o dokjro gjh okot`dcf`
okot`dcf` quj g`dcko su sjkscnchcgog gjhoktj gjh fogovjr,
fogovjr, sj gjtuv`
o f`ktjdphor hos jsfjkos quj ohhc sj tjkcjkg` jh f`roej gj f`kscbkorhos
sj rjprjsjktonok, tjkcjkg`
?
p`r
p` r jsfrct` , y
y dos ogjhoktj 7>3-6=)5 Ho jsfjko gjh 'sohvoej ukctorc` jk p`gjr gjh
'Eujz g jh Dotogjr`'
gjh y gj sus sot`hctjs, k`
Dotogjr`' y k` js uko ckvjkfc`k sck` uk
ukoo rjohcgog q
quj
uj dgs
Hos cgjos jstjtcfos g
gj jhh r`doktcfcsd` g
j Jfajvjrrco y j j Jh dotogjr`
gj 7
Hos cgjos jstjtcfos g
gj
j Jfajvjrrc
Jfajvjrrco
o
vjz sj rjpctc` jk oqujhho jp`fo ofcobo5 h` ukcf` quj jk jstj fuofhr` pugcjro
gj uko vjz
aonjr gj ho ckvjktcvo gjh out`r, sjrco ho oprjfcojc`k d`roh gj ho fcrfukstokfco, jh
hjkbuoej y ho f`kgufto gj ho vcftcdo, ho fuoh sj pr`gufj y `nro f`d` h` aonrco ajfa`
jh k`nhj p`jto j k sctuofc`k okoh`bo. Butcjrrjz sj
jk sj jxph
jxphcf
cfono
ono jh onokg`k`
on okg`k` gjT
gjT kcokusfrct`
p`r portj gj Jfajvjrrco ??= f`d` jljft`
jljft` gjh dcjg` o hos r`prjsohcos gj
gjhh b`nc`rk`, sck`
oh sjktcg` jstçtcf` gjh out`r quj sck gugo hj aonrco ckstog` o d`gclcfor jh jstch` y ho
jstrufturo tjdçtcfo g gjjh rjhot`. Gjnjd`s sjkohor, sc k jdnorb`, quj Butc`rrjz rjf`k`f`
sck
ho kjfjscgo
kjfjscgogg gj f`ksjrvor hos lrosjs y pohonros vjrgogjrodjktj s`jfjs pr`l`rcftos p`r p `r
h`s oft`rjs j
h`s k jsto trobjgco (76=), k
jk ` poro sjr
k` sjr cdctogos, gjsgj hujb`, sck` poro quj jk
f`kscgjrofc`k
f`kscgjrofc`k oh foroftjr gj qucjkjs hos jrkphjok, qujgjk dos quj kukfo gjstjrrogos
hos
gjh f`djrfc` fuht` y a`kjst` y okotjdcxogos poro scjdprj H`f. H`f. gt.
gt. .
?>
Jstjnok Jfajvjrrco, ]r`so højrorco, sjhjffc`k, pr`h`b` y k`tos g` ^`njrt` Bcustc
(Nujk`s Ocrjs5 Jgcfc`kjs Jstrogo, ?3::).
?6
Cncg., ?6=-1?.
Nr`ubat t` y`u ny | Zkcvjrscty `l Orcz`ko
Outajktcfotjg
G`wkh`og Gotj | : >2 ?: ?=5>< OD
Fr`dwjhh gj \cft`r Aub`, ckf`ajrjktj
ckf`ajrjktj lorrob` gj cgjos jst`tcfos y p`hctcfos quj
?7
p`f` k`s f`kfcjrkj oquc. Vj ogvcjrtjk todncjk, f`d` sjkoho Bcustc , hos
k`s
?:
aujhhos gj Nyr`k, J`ussjou, Faotjounrcokg, B`jtaj y Hodortckj . Jh prj-
supujst` gj jstj ajtjr`bjkj` dotjrcoh frctcf` k` go, p`r h` quj
quj tcjkj gj ljrv`r
?<
p`tjdcf`, jk h`s ospjft`s gj
gjhh r`doktcfcsd` quj k`s `fupok . O pjsor gj su
`nvc` jfhjftcfcsd`, ho f`hjffc`k jgctogo p`r Bcustc pujgj sjrvcr f`d` d`gjh`
gj vorcos jtopos jk ho jv`hufc`k gjh r`doktcfcsd`. Jk prcdjr hubor, gjh prcdc-
tcv`, jk quj ho hctjroturo k` aofj sck` rjlhjeor gcrjfto, y o vjfjs nokohdjktj,
h`s of`ktjfcdcjkt`s gj ho vcgo rjoh. Vj f`kfcnj jh ortj f`d` uko uko oftcvcgog
oscdchog`ro jk quj ho jxpjrcjkfco, troksfrcto f`k t`g` p`rdjk`r, sj f`kvcjrtj
jk jxprjsc`k f`hdogo gj \jrgogjs okjfg`tcfos , pjr` q quj
uj oh lck rjsuhto ortcstc-
lck
fodjktj lohso. lcstj js jh prjrr`doktcfcsd` j k quj, f`d` ao gcfa`, jktrj `tr`s,
jk
?2
E`s` L. D`ktjsck`s, ho lcffc`k gj ortj aonco gj sjr rjohcgog gj vcgo , y jk
?1
quj
qu j jh ortj js s`h` f`kstokfco jsfrcto gj ho vcgo . Lohto jso cdprjsfckgcnhj
hjeokco qu j hj pjrdcto oh p`jto ` k`vjhcsto `rgjkor y rctdor jh tr`pjh gj sus
quj
?3
jxpjrcjkfcos . ]`r f`kscbucjktj, jstos, sc ncjk s`k vjrgog , ortcstcfodjktj
porjfjk djkt cro >=. Ao
djktcro Aoyy dufa` gj jst` jk Jfajvjrrco, ckfhus` h`s gjljft`s
>?
quj
qu j Butcjrrjz ogvcrtc` j jk Jhh d ot
k J otogjr`.
ogjr`. Ogjdos, vorc`s
vorc`s fuogr`s gj f`studnrjs
ckspcrog`s jk Nyr`k, su su p`jto prjgchjft`, s` s`kk jsn`z`s gj pr`y
pr`yjftog
jftogos
os vjrsc`
vjrsc`kjs
kjs
p``tcfos gj h`s dcsd`s, rjlhje` jvcgjktj gjh gjh f`klhcft` quj hj aofco vofchor o
jktrj ho l`rdo gcftogo p`r su f`kfcjkfco ortcstcfo y ho pr`pjksc`k
Jfajvjrrco jktrj
duy r`doktcfo o jxohtor ho jxpjrcjkfco rjvcstc`kg`ho gj l`rdo p``tcfo. ]`r ]`r h`
vcst`, s j kjb` ckstcktcvodjktj o lohsclcfor, f`k ortclcfc`s ckf`kbrujktjs, jh
sj jh l`kg`
cgj`h`bcf` gj Jh dotogjr`9 k` sj ao rostrjog`
rostrjog` ckgcf c` ohbuk` gj quj jh out`r
ckgcfc`
eodos tuvcjsj ho cktjkfc`k gj vjrsclcfor jh s`dnrc`
s`dnrc` jpcs`gc` gj gjhh rjhot`.
Oukquj jspjrod`s qu qujj t`g` jhh` qujgj dos fhor` jk jh troksfurs` g jh jstugc`,
gjh jstugc`,
?7
Cktr`guffc`k o ]r`so hctjrorco vcc-xxv. \josj jspjjclcjodjktj xv (tjxt` y k`to ?). ?).
?:
Vj jxodcko ho cklhujkfco gj Hodortckj jk Jksoy` s`nrj Jfajvjrrco (Nujk`s Ocrjs5
K`s`tr`s, ?137) gj Dortck Borfco D`r`u.
?<
jgct` r, f`rrjsp`kgco jkfonjzor ho f`hjffc`k f`k Jh d o t o g j r ` p`
Vjbuk jh jgct`r, p`rr su voh`r
acst`rcf` y hctjrorc`. Jh rjhot`
rjhot` vo prjfjgcg` gj ho k`to prjhcdckor.
?2
Jksoy`s y jstugc`s g j hctjroturo jspok`ho Djxcf`5 Jgcfc`kjs Gj Okgrjo, ?3:3) ?:
Okgrjo, ?3:3) ?:<<
?1 Cncg. ?:2.
?3
?<«., ?<?.
>=
Cncg. ?<2.
>?
Op`h`bco gjh dotodnrj (6<-76) y ]jrjbrckoej gj Buohp` (77-<>).
Hos cgjos jst`tcjos g
gj
j Jfajvjrrco y j
jhh r`doktcfcsd` gj Jh dotogjr` 7
qu j sj hcbo o kujstr`s rjfujrg`s y
y jspjrokzos,
jspjrokzos, y gjnj kjfjsorcodjktj jxfctor
y gjnj
kujstr` jktuscosd` y aonhor f`k crrjscstcnhj y jlcfoz jh`f
jh`fujkfco
ujkfco o t`g`s ku kujstr`
jstr`s
s
>7
oljft`s y posc`kjs . H` tcpcfodjktj r`doktcf` g j jsto oftctug, rjlhjeogo tokt`
gj
jk h`
h`s jsfrct`s tj`rcf`s f`d` j k Jh dotogjr` js ho ckscstjkfco f`k quj sjkoho ho
jk
lohto gj f`
f`rrj
rrjsp`kg
sp`kgjkfco
jkfco gcsfjrkcnhj jktrj ho f`klcburofc`k dotjrcoh gjh
gcsfjrkcnhj gjh ukc-
vjrs` y h`s cgjohjs gjh sjr audok` quj jxcstjk s`ho y y jxfhuscvodjktj
jxfhuscvodjktj p`rquj
jh a`dnrj h`
h`s frjo y h`s gjlcjkgj f`ktro ho koturohjzo ckgcljrjktj.
@tr` ospjft` gj ho tj`rco j jst`tcfo
st`tcfo j jfajvjrrcoko
fajvjrrcoko qu qujj pu
pug`g` tjtjkjr
kjr rjs`kokf
rjs`kokfcoscos
jk ho f`dp`scfc`k gj
gjhh rjhot` js jh gjtjkcg` okohcscs qu qujj aofj gj ho cklhujkfco
fhçscfo jk ho hctjroturo d`gjrko, f`k rjljrjkfcos oh guohcsd` lch`s`lcj` ajrjgog`
g jh jsfjptcfcsd` ckbhjs. Ho sjporo
sjporofc`
fc`kk quj h`s lch`s`l`
lch`s`l`ss pr`p`kjk jktrj dotjrco
y jspcrctu sj rjlhjeo jk ho okjeo y gjnotcgo gcf`t`dco hctjrorco, f` f`ktjkc
ktjkcg`-l
g`-l`rdo.
`rdo.
Jfajvjrrco koturohdjktj jspjfuho, gj uko dokjro ckg ckgjf
jfcso,
cso, s`nrj fuoh g gjj jstos
jsljros cklhuyj dos j k ho `nro gj frjofc`k,
jk frjofc`k, y ofono `t`rbokg` hubor g gjj prjljrjk-
f co o ho cdobckofc`k y ho cktucfc`k. Ho l`rdo sj rjgufj oh djt`g` jxp`sctcv` y
o pjsor gj olcrdor quj ho l`rdo y jh l`kg` gjnjk cgjktc cgjktclcforsj
lcforsj , js jvcgjktj
qu j Jfajvjrrco f`kfcnj jh r`doktcfcsd` ckfcpcjktj f`d` uk uko o outjktcfo ckk`-
vofc`k, djgcoktj ho fuoh j jhh jspcrctu gj
gjhh out`r h`b
h`broro
roro jx prjsorsj f`k phjkctug5
jxprjsorsj
Jh r`do
r`doktcfcsd`
ktcfcsd` k` rjf
rjf`k`f
`k`fj j l`rdo kckbuko ons`huto9 t`gos s`k nujkos f`k
>:
tohh q
to qujuj rjprj
rjprjsjktjk
sjktjk vcv
vcvo
o y for
foroftj
oftjrcstcfodj
rcstcfodjktjktj ho f`kfjpfc`k gj gjhh ortcsto . Ho
kujvo tjkgjkfco gjeo oh ckbjkc` `nror f` f`k k hcnjrtog . . . kc hj
hcnjrtog hj f`rto ho
hos
s ohos, kc
ohos, kc
h` dutcho, kc hj p`kj d`rgozo9 . . . s`h` hj pcg pcgjj `nros jsfrctos f` k ho phudo gj
f`k
><
nr`kfj gj ho ckspcrofc`k . Js djkjstjr k` p`kjrhj trono ohbuko oh ckbjkc`, kc
quj hos jxcbjkfcos l`rdohjs gj
pjrdctcr quj
pjrdctcr gjhh ortj pjreugcqujk
pjreugcqujk ho fhorcgog gj
gjhh pjk-
sodcjkt` ` jh p`gjr cktuctcv` gjh jsfrct`r. K`tjsj jh porjktjsf` gcrjft` jktrj
>2
jstos olcrdofc`kjs y hos gj Ohnjrt Bjrorg, scbh` y djgc` gj gjspujs,
spujs, jk uko `nro
fuy` pr`p`sct`
Wajy js rjsudcr
(h`s r`doktcf`s) hos f`ktrcnufc`kjs
hos
aovj dos pjrguronhjs
jhon`rotjg o taj`ry
jhon`rotjg gjhh r`do
gj
`ll l`rd nosjg
` r`doktcfcsd`5
ktcfcsd`5
`k taj
taj k`tc`k
taot ck taj pr`fjss `l p`jtc p`jtcf f frjotc`k o r t njf`djs ouxchcory t` vcsc`k . . . Raot
>1
dottjrs cs taj taj cgjo okg ta taj
j jxpjrcj kfj lr`d wacfa ct
jxpjrcjkfj ct orcsjs ,
Jh Zhtcd` gjtohhj jk quj gjnjd`s lceork`s js jh gj hos cdctofc`kjs gj `nros
fhoscfos t took onukgoktjs o lckjs gjh scbh` Q\CCC. J Jhh out`r t`do p` p`rr oxc`dotcf`
qu j s`h` hos
hos l`rdos gj
gjhh ortj vorcok f`k jh jh tcjdp`9 jh jspcrctu quj h` okcdo y
>3
ljfukgo poso ck ckohtjro
ohtjronhj
nhj g
gj
j bjk
bjkjrofc`
jrofc`k k j
jk k bjkjrofc`k . W`gos hos tjkgjkfcos
>7
Cncg. ?:7-::.
>:
Cncg. ?61.
><
Cncg. ?63, jhcpscs dcos.
>2
Jkbhcsa
Jkbhcsa ^`doktcf
s`nrj
?3<1), s`nrj
?3<1), V`uhs c
t`g`, ]`jtry (Njrijhjy okg
k Ljrdjkt
ck H`s Okbjhjs5 Zkcvjrscty `l Fohcl`rkco ]rjss
, 6-?3.
>1
Cncg. ?<, `kloscs dc`.
>3
]r`so hctjrorco ?6<,
Hos cgjos jst`tcfos gj Jfajvjrrco y j
gj jhh r`doktcfcsd` gj Jh dotogjr`
Jh dotogjr` 7:
rjspcror` j
brcjb` jh
h ocrj
jk jh g
gj
j oqujhh`s
L`r` rjd`t`s
f`d` uk r`dok`,
r`dok`, y y
scbh`s vcvcr
p`jtcz
p`jtczor or j
jk
k jhh`s,
jkt`kfj
jkt`kfjs jk ho Çb`ro
s f`d` f`d` u
uk ]ckgor` uk
`k
uk V`l`fhjs. ]jr` ho jdprjso s`nrjpueo oh ckb ckbjkc`
jkc` audok` y js gj gj t`g
t`g` ` pukt`
6=
crrjohczonhj . J Jkk jh f`ktjxt` gj Jh d t gjr` cktjrjso ho olcrdofc`k gj quj jh
ortj suprjd`, sjo fhoscf` ` r`doktcf`, s`nrj t`go `tro f`kgcfc`k rjlhjeo jh
jspcrctu g jh ortcsto y su jp`fo. V
gj Vu us jhjdjkt`s f`kstctutcv`s orrocbok jk h` dos
cktcd` gj kujstr` f`roz`k y jkhozok rjfujrg`s, jspjrokzo, jktuscosd`, oljft`s
y posc`kjs. W`g` h` gjdos js pjgoktcsd` gj rjbhos ::6? . Ogqucjrj kujvo cd-
p`rtokfco oktj jstos `nsjrv
`nsjrvof
ofc`k js, jh ajfa` gj quj Jh d t gjr` aoyo scg`
c`kjs,
gjsfortog` f`d` ohb` q quj djrjfco punhcforsj. Jh pjrc`g` gj trokscfc`k jk
uj k` djrjfco
quj
qu j sj jsfrcnc` jh rjhot` oporjktjd
oporjktjdjktj r`v`f` gugos jk Jfajvjrrco, f`d`
jktj pr`v`f`
dos ogjhok
ogjhoktjtj jk Butcjrrjz, f`k rjspjft` o su voh`r ortcstcf`. ^jfu`rgjsj quj jh
Butcjrrjz, f`k
jspcrctu ` l`kg` gj ho `nro, su cgjo bjkjrotrcz 6>, js ho lujktj gj su f`dphjt`
y foroftjrcstcf` sjr 669 pjr` oh dcsd` tcjd tcjdpp` jstj su sustr
strot` jsjkfcoh sj aohho
ot` jsjkfcoh
jkvujht` jk uko jstrufturo `rbokcfo. Oqujh sj troshufj noe` ho l`rdo gj
jsto9 p`r f`kscbucjktj, pujgj gjfcrsj quj quj jh l`kg` js jh ohdo,
ohdo, y ho l`rdo jh
67
fujrp` y `rbokcsd` gj hos frjofc`kjs ortcstcjos .
Jfajvjrrco p`stuho, oh porjfjr, g`s kcvjhjs lukgodjktohjs jk ho `nro g j ortj.
gj
6:
]jr` sj k`to uko gcsfrjpokfco jktrj h`s eucfc`s oktjrc`rjs y h` quj olcrdo oh
jxodckor ho rjhofc`k jktrj
jktrj ho
ho cktjrc`rcgog ortcsto y jh d u k g ` jxtjrc`r6<.
cktjrc`rcgog gjh ortcsto
6= 6?
Cncg. ?::. Cncg. ?:>.
6>
Cncg. ?62. 66
H`f. fø.
67
H`f. fct.
6:
K` js kujstr` pr`p`sct` nusfor ckf`kscstjkfcos jk hos tj`rcos jstjtcfos gj Jfajv`rrco9
sc h` js prjfcsor gcvjrs`s dotcfjs sjdgktcf`s jk jh jd
jdpphj` gj fcjrt`s tjrdcrc`s5 l`kg` ,
gj
l`rdo , ckb jkc` , jspcrctu , cdobckojc`k , cktjhcb
ckbjkc` cktjhcbjkfco
jkfco , y gj fcjrt`s f`kfjpt`s5
jh dukg` llscf` , jh dukg` d`roh , h` pjrdokjktj , h` quj jxcstj .
6<
]r`so hctjrorco ?67.
Nr`ubat t` y`u ny | Zkcvjrscty `l Orcz`ko
Outajktcfotjg
G`wkh`og Gotj | : >2 ?: ?=5>< OD
7b ^`n`rt D Vforc
62
Oquc jh out`r cktr`gufj uk tjrfjr jhjdjkt` qu qujj hhod
hhodoo h` quj jxcstj , ` sjo,
jh dukg` lcscf`-d`roh ( ho koturohjzo y ho audokcgog ), hos hos fcrfukstokfcos
vctohjs gjh a`dnrj. ]oro fogo ortcsto js
a`dnrj. ]oro jstos
tos s`k ckd
ckdutonhjs
utonhjs jk jh ssjktcg
jktcg`
` gj quj
k` hjs p`kj ` qucto kogo, pjr` gjs gjsgj
gj uko pjrspjftcv
pjrspjftcvo o acst`rcfo sj v`hotchczok
p`rquj gj uk ok` ` uk scbh` o `tr`, jh a`dnrj `nsjrvo jh dcsd` f`kt`rk` pjr`
k` h` vj gjh dcsd` d`g`5 oh pos` quj h` qu qujj jxcstj jsto pjrjkkj, su su d`g` g gj
j
61
sjktcrh` y euzborh` t`g`, fodnco . H`s f`kfjpt`s jfajvjrrcok`s gj koturo-
hjzo y audokcgog k` tcjkj tcjkjkk f`ksjfujkfcos scbkclcfotcvos poro jh ortj, y
djk`s ou
oukk poro jh acs
acst`r
t`rcog`r.
cog`r. HH`
` quj Jfa jvjrrco hhodo h` pjrjkkj sj rjgufj
Jfajvjrrco
o uko rjhof c`k onstrofto jktrj jh ckgcvcgu` y sus fcrfukstokfcos. So quj jstos
uko rjhofc`k
sj rjkujvok f`kstoktjdjktj,
f`kstoktjdjktj, gjs gj jh pukt` gj vcsto gjh ortcsto
gjsgj ortcsto k` aoy
aoy pjr-
dokjkfco ohbuko, f`d`
f`d` k` sjo jh ajfa` dcsd` gj aohhorsj ckdjrs` jk jhhos. Gj Gj
dokjro quj pr`p`kj k` g`s sck` trjs vjrtcjktjs ortcstcfos5 jh l`kg`, l`kg`, quj onorfo
jh tjdo gj ho `nro y jh jspcrctu
jspcrctu gj su jrjog`r, y y ho l`rdo jxp`sctcvo. Fuokg`
Jfajvjrrco jsfrcnc`
Jfajvjrrco jsfrcnc` J otogjr` ho d`go hctjrorco prjg`dckoktj jro jh rjohcsd`
Jhh d otogjr`
yssu
u tjdo fokgjktj h`s
h`s us`s y f`studnrjs Oukquj jh pr`p`sc
s`fcohjs.
Oukquj pr`p`sct`t` bjkjro
bjkjroh
fogoh
lujro frctcf`, jh rjohcsto t`do p`r jh fodck` gj ho nurho sotcrcfo, rjlckokg`
rjlckokg`
vjz dos ho f`dcfcgog gj ho korrofc`k, dcjktros quj jh r`dok tcf` sj ckfhcko o uko
r`doktcf`
cktjrprjtofc`k trobcfo. ]`r ]`r js`, oukquj gjsorr`hhok h`s dcsd`s tjdos y f`d-
portjk ho cktjkfc`k frctcfo, pjrscstj ho gcljrjkfco jk jh trotodcjkt`. Jh Jh dotogjr`
js uk rjhot` acnrcg` fuyo l`rdo y dotjrcoh jsfjkcf` pr`fjgjk gj ho trogcfc`k
pjr` fuy` jspcrctu pjrtjkjfj phjkodjktj o ho r`doktcfo.
rjohcsto gjfcd`k`ko, pjr`
Ho rjhofc`k quj jxcstj, jk jk hos gcstcktos jp`fos gj ho acst`rco hctjrorco, jktrj
jktrj
l`rdo y l`kg` js f`kstok tj, pjr` jst` k` cdpcgj quj vorcjk h`s gjtohhjs gjh
f`kstoktj,
f`ktjkcg` y quj sj prjlcjrok gjtjrdckog`s rjfu rjfurs`s
rs`s jxp
jxprjscv`s.
rjscv`s. JfaJfajvjr
jvjrrco
rco
s`stcjkj quj hos l`rdos gj ho p`jsc o ckg`stokcfo s`k f`h`sohjs, d`kstru`sos
p`jsco
63
f`d` sus cg`h`s y pob`gos 9 dos ogjhoktj ohugj ohugj o hos ortjs oronj, brcjbo y
d`gjrko, sjkohokg` sus fo foroftjrj
roftjrjs scdphj y duhtcl`rdj, rjspjftcvodjktj.
s ojrj`, scdphj rjspjftcvodjktj.
O C okohczor ho jp`fo d`gjrko s j jkfujktro djk`s sjbur` jk sus `pckc`kjs. Hos
sj
l`rdos og`ptogos p`r sus f`jtokj`s s`k, ogjdos gj duhtcl`rdjs, f`klusos,
pcktqrjsfos y pr`lukgodjktj scdn`hcfos. F`ktrostjksj jstos fuohcgogjs, s`nrj
t`g`
t`g` ho uhtcdo, f`k h`s ckgcfjs quj pr`p`kj Jfa jvjrrco poro gcstckbucr hos
Jfajvjrrco hos
hctjroturos oktcbuos. Vj ogvcjrtj quj k` jkfujktro uk t`rdck` gjk`dckotcv`
ukcf` ququjj hj vohbo poro jh r`doktcfcsd`, sck sck`
` q
quj
uj tcjkj quj ofugcr o vorc`s.
tcjkj
\ofcho, fhor` jsto, oh foroftjrczor hos
hos obuos jk quj jh dcsd` s sjj aohho ckdjrs`.
O pjsor gj ho ckgjfcsc`k, jh
jh sjktcg` bjkjroh g j h` quj s`stcjkj js djrcgcokodjktj
gj
fhor`. Frjjd`s quj sj eustclcfo ho cktjrprjtofc`k quj subjrcd`s y quj k` otrcnuc-
d`s o hos cgjos jfajvjrrcokos uk sjktcg` quj k` p`sjjk.
12
H`f. fct. H`f. fct.
63
Cncg. ?66.
Hos cgjos jst`tcfos gj Jfajvjrrco y j
gj jhh r`doktcfcsd` gj Jh dotogjr` 72
Ho jsjkfco r`doktcfo g
gj
j Jh d t gj r `
fujkto
fujkto
y poro
k`vchh`s. V jjh
gjsfrcncrho jxfcto jokcdo
out`r
ou h vost`
okcd o dotogjr`.
su jxprjsc`k H
o jsfjko
gj f` sj
f`h`rcg ` hh
h`rcg` hhjcco
yjcco
n
nrchh gj
rchh`.`. ohbozoro,
K
K`` tcjkj
rjpor` ohbuk`
rjpor` ohbuk` jk aofjrk
aofjrk`s
`s prjsjkf
prjsjkfcor
cor fu
fuokt` sufc` y rjpjhjktj aoy jk oqujh
okt` gj sufc`
nohu
ohuortj
ortj gjh p`g
p`gjrc ` r`scsto. Jspjrorcod`s qu
jrc` quj uk do dotogj
togjr`
r` sj p`nh `nhoro
oro gj gj
njstcos9 pu
puj
js jh gj J Jfajv
fajvjrrco
jrrco rjn
rjn`so
`so ssjrj
jrjs
s au
audok`s
dok`s qu
quj j jk su aod
aodn nrj y dcsjcco
hokzok ckeurcos y p pohonr`to s. F`kuko tjfkcfo korrotc
ohonr`tos. vo gcbko gj h`s kotu
korrotcvo koturohcstos
rohcstos
p`stjrc`rjs, j
jhh rjhot` k `s gcnueo ho jsfjko jk t`go s
k` u frugjzo5 a`dnrjs prcd
su prcdctc-
ctc-
v`s funcjrt`s gj norr` y sokbrj9 d uejr uejrjs
js y kck`s rjv`hfokg`sj jk ho h o c k d uk gc f c o9
o9
fausdo jkorgjfcgo, jnrco gj frujhgog j cbk`rokfco. Vcbujk vorc`s jpcs`gc`s
jstj t`k` trjdjkgcsto. Zk t`r` sj jsfopo9 vjd`s s
gjsfrct`s jk jstj sus
us pjrsjbucg`rjs
cdphofonhjs quj h` gjs`hhok f ` k gjhjctj. ]oso ckogvjrtcgo ho d ujr tj t j gj uk kck`
gjb`hhog` p`r uk hoz` quj sj f`rto9 go h` dcsd` kogcj sj lceo toh js jh sohvoecsd`
7=
\`osj ho k`to >. Jh hcnr` gj F`dl`rt k`s p
\`osj porjf
orjfj cdprjsfckgcnhj poro ho f`rkprjosc`rc ch `
j cdprjsfckgcnhj
h` quj hhorkod`s jspcrctu r`dçktcf`.
7?
]r`so hctjrorco 1-3. Nr`ubat t` y`u ny | Zkcvjrscty `l Orcz`ko
Outajktcfotjg
G`wkh`og Gotj | : >2 ?: ?=5>< OD
g`ko Jkforkofc`k. Dotoscjtj jfao su fonohh` s`nrj jh gjh ukctorc` quj foj
gjsd`ktog` oh lokb`. H` otojok otojok y h` hhjvok oh dotogjr` jktrj rcs`togos j ck-
suht`s. O portcr g gjj jstj d`djkt` jh rjhot` sj gjshczo ropcgodjktj o su
jstj su s`dnrco
y grodotcfo f`kfhusc`k. Jh ukctorc` orr`eo jk ho foro ok`kcdo gj ho duhtctug
su gjsprjfc`, pjr` su nrovuro k` tcjkj `tr` jljft` quj jh gj jkorgjfjr dos ho
bjktj.. Cktjktok gjskugorh`, jh Zhtc
lurco fcjbo gj ho bjktj Zhtcdd ` cksuht` o quj ho vcftcdo
rjsp`kgj, prcdjr` gjb`hhordj qu j gjskugordj, cklo
quj d j fokohho 7>. Jh lck js
cklod
hj p`rquj kogcj fjgj5 uk t`rrjktj gj sokbrj nr`t` n`rn`hh`kjokg` gj
ckjvctonhj
ckjvcton
ho n`fo y hos korcfjs gjh e`vjk, y jxtjkgc`kg`sj jdpjz` o fojr o ja`rr`s p` p`rr
jktrodn`s
jktrodn `s hog`s gj ho djso. H`s soy`kj
soy`kjs sq
qujgo
ujgor`k
r`k ckd`vchj
ckd`vchjss y h`s jspjftog`rjs
76
jstupjloft`s .
Hos cgjos
cgjos jstjtcfos gj Jfajvjrrco
Jfajvjrrco y jh r`doktcfcsd` gj Jh dotogjr` 73
gjh d dotogjr
otogjr`` dcsd` y h ho
o foroftjrczofc`k h hcb
cbjrod
jrodjktj
jktj cr`k cfo gj h`s pjrs`koejs.
cr`kcfo
H`s g`s d`djkt`s lckohjs gj ho `nro `nro (gjs
(gjstru
truffc`k gjh t`r` y jpcs`gc` gjh ukc-
ffc`k
torc`) ofjktuok j jhh ospjft` korrotcv` . Jsto odncbuo olcrdofc`k qujgo ofhoro-
go jk ho f`kfhu
f`kfhusc`k gj Bacok` g`kgj sj fhosclcfo jh rjhot` f`d` djzfho gj
sc`k gj
72
fuogr` gjgj ff`stu
`stud
dnrjs y f fu
ujkt` ( g`fudjkt`-korrofc`k ) . K` aohhod`s dos
q u j uk
uko ohh r`doktcfcsd` gj ho `nro5 O ho okcdofc`k y jh
o rjljrjkfco o jh pckt`rjs
ckt`rjs--
qucsd`,
csd`, jhjd
jhjdjkt`
jkt`s
s gjh fu ogr` gj f`studnrjs, sufjgj ho fhosclcfofc`k gjh j
fuogr` jspjf-
spjf-
tofuh` - lj`, ckdu
ckdukg kg`` y gjl`rdj - quj cktr`gufj jh br`tjsf` gj ho jstjtcfo
oktcfo. Oktjs gj jktror jk p`rd
r`doktcfo.
r`d `rdjk`rjs,
jk`rjs, jh korrog`r sj gjtcjkj jk ho jsfjkjsfjkoo
t`toh, trozokg` 'uk fr`qu
fr`qucs'
cs' gj
gjhh hubor,
hubor, f` k jh fuoh s
f`k j hhjbo o
sj ohh fuort` kufhj` g
gj
jh
71
tjxt` . J Jhh dotcz ohugcg` sj rjgufj, p` p`rr h` vcst`, o
ohh jhjdjkt` br`tjsf`9 k` sj
jxodcko kckbuko `tro gcdjksc`k r`doktcfo gjh rjhot`. K` sj troto gj uk gj-
ljft`, yo quj jstj k` js jh `nejt` gjh hcnr`9 f`k t`g` t`g`,, fo nj okogcr quj h`s jhj-
fon
sjkohog`s p`r Bacok
djkt`s sjkohog`s
djkt`s acok` ` k` aonrcok nostog `, p`r sc s`h`s ` jk f`keukt`,
ostog`,
pr`v`for jhh eucfc` ohtodjktj lov`ronhj gj ho p`stjrcgog.
poro pr`v`for j p`stjrcgog. Ho vjrgog js qu
qujj
gcfa`s jhjd
gcfa`s jhjdjkt`s
jkt`s k` s`
s`k
k dos q
quuj jh vja
vjacfu
cfuh`
h` p
poro
oro phoktjor j jhh f` klhcft`
klhcft` jktrj jh
ckgcvcgu` y ho doso. ]oro jsto jh out`r jhon`ro uk odphc` rjpjrt` rc` gj jpc
rjpjrt`rc` jpctjt`
tjt`ss
gjspjftcv`s5 fausdo, pokgchho, jsncrr`s, f`lrogco, soy`k
soy`kjs,
js, norn
nornorcj,
orcj, fofoko
kohho,
hho,
g`b`s gj dotogjr
otogjr`,
`, odjk
odjk gj ku
kud djr`sos ohu
ohusc`kj
sc`kjss ckgcrjftos, todncjk hhjkos gj
rjpubkokfco. Vj rjg`kgjo ho foroftjrczofc`k gjh brup` o trovjs gjh jhjdjkt`
j s
quj
qu sj f`k jh, ` sjo, jh ukctorc`, jktjrod
j jklrjkto f`k jktjrodjktj s`h` y p`r lck gjstrucg`
f`d` `tro rjs dos gj ho brok forkcfjrco. Jh korrog
korrog`r
`r rrjohz
johzoo ho pr`nhjdotcfo
gjh rjhot` f`k pjrscstjktjs
jrscstjktjs rjl
rjljrjkf cos o jsto s`hjgog ons`huto gjh ckgcvcgu`,
jrjkfcos
fuy` f`dp`rtodcjkt` rjsp`ksonhj sj f` f`ktrop`kj
ktrop`kj oh n norn
ornorc sd` gj ho dufaj-
orcsd`
gudnrj. chstj js jh k
kjrvc ` gckodcf` g
jrvc` jh fujkt`, y jsto trotog` gj uko dokjro
gj
72
W`gos hos n
hos nrjvjs fctos oktjrc`rjs y `sto sj aohhok jk ho pobcko <> gjh
rjvjs fctos gjh jstugc` g
gj
j B
Bacok
acok`.
`.
71
Bacok`, ::-:<. Nr`ubat t` y`u ny | Zkcvjrscty `l Orcz`ko
Outajktcfotjg
G`wkh`og Gotj | : >2 ?: ?=5>< OD
:= ^`njrt D. Vforc
l`kg`
jh
ckkudjronhj gj p`scnchcgogjs f`k hos quj fogo fuoh sj jklrjkto. Jstugcor
rjhot` gjsgj jstj okbuh` rjqucjrj quj sj doktjkbok ncjk sjporog`s jh pcok`
pcok`
acst`rcf`
acst`rcf` y jh lch`s`lcf`, p`rquj Jfajvjrrco k` t`fo sck` jh prcdjr`. K` sj
prjbukto sc ho rjhofc`k ckgcvcgu`-s`fcjgog js ho vjrtcjktj dos pr`lukgo gj ho
fujstc`k, ` sc fonj cd obckorsj uk jstrot` dos rogcfoh ouk, f`d` h` aofj @rtjbo
cdobckorsj
oh p`stuhor ukukoo rjohcgog djtolcscfo crrjguftcnhj. Kujstr` out`r portj, sck
sck dos,
gjh f`klhcft` qu
qujj f`kscgjro ckjvctonhj jktrj ho s`fcjgog y h`s cgjohjs gjh ckgcvc-
ckgcvc-
gu`. V Vck voh`r gj jst`s,
ck kjbor jh voh`r h`s t`do p
h`s `r chus`rc`s, olcrdokg`
p`r olcrdokg` quj k` sj gok
jk ho rjohcgog s`fcoh y quj su prjsjkfco js jlcdjro, yo quj s`h` jxcstjk jk jh
73
jspcrctu gjh
gjh a`dnrj y s`h` fuokg` `stj sj gcsp`kj o gjljkgjrh`s lrjktj o uk
dukg` ckgcljrjktj y p`r tokt` a`stch.
Jh trotodcjkt` scdn`hcf` g gjj jstj tjdo jk hdotogjr` js frcstohck`. H
Hoo s`fcj-
gog
go cdpjrotcv` gj rjsp`ksonchcgog, ogqucrcjkg` lujrzo
g pjrs`kclcfogo okuho jh cdpjrotcv`
ons`huto quj jk onroz` `dkcd`g` gjsaudokczo o sus dcjdnr`s. Jk Jk jstj sjk-
tcg` ohugcd`s o s`fcjgog pjrs`kclcfogo , p`rquj sustctuyj y gjsphozo oh ckgc- ckgc-
vcgu` f`d` jej gj ho vcgo f`hjftcvo. H`s
H`s sjrjs quj puhuhok p`r h`s sokbrcjkt`s
quj
poktok`s gjh dotogjr` sj out`eustclcfok scjdpscjdprjrj jk oros gj uko hjohtog aofco
g`ko Jkforkofc`k y noe` jstj jstokgortj f`djtjk otr`fcgogjs cdpukjdjktj.
Ho fouso r`scsto js hcfjkfco poro ho okorquco y ho nornorcj. Jfajvjrrco
Jfajvjrrco k` j jsfo-
sfo-
tcdo rjfurs`s poro ckscstcr jk jhh`. Jdpcjzo
Jdpcjzo cgjktclcfokg` ho Cbhjsco y ho gcfto-
guro quj jejrfjk g`dckc` s`nrj hos f`kfcjkfcos y h`s jst`dob`s quj jk dokjro
:=
73
ηΰ
]oro uk jxfjhjktj y dckufc`s` ok hcscs gj jstos cgjos vjosj F`dl`rt ?2-?1.
]r`so hctjrorco 3.
Nr`ubat t` y`u ny | Zkcvjrscty `l Orcz`ko
Outajktcfotjg
G`wkh`og Gotj | : >2 ?: ?=5>< OD
:?
kofc`k sj jktcjkgj, s`k nu nujk
jk`s
`s ljg jrohjs y p`r h` dcsd
jgjrohjs csd`` nu jk`s fot`hcf`s .
nujk`s
Ajfao ho cgjktclcfofc`k, j jhh out
out`r sohpcfo ho jxp
`r sohpcfo jxprjsc`
rjsc`kkggjj fohclcfotcv`s crrjvjrjktjs
y pcdzoktj cr`kco ajrje`tjs, dokgodcjkt`s forkclcfck`s gj ho Cbhjsco, ohu-
sc`kjs sorfostcfos o ho Nuho) y gjsfrcngjsfrcnj j o
osc
sc o hh`s
`s prjgcfo
rjgcfog`rjs
g`rjs ququj, aofcjkg`
tr`kor jh tjd
tjdp ph` y fruecr jh puhpct` o pukjtoz`s, cdprjfok o h`s ck`fjktjs 5
\ujstro cdcdppcjgo
cjgog,
g, vujstro
vujstros s aj
ajrjecos,
rjecos, vujstr
vujstros
os nh
nhosljd cos, vujstr`s frcdjkjs
osljdcos,
a`rrjkg`s, a aook trocg` s`nrj kujstro tcjrro hos phobos gjh Vjk`r. Ho eustcfco g gj
jh
:>
Gc`s gj ho Ljgjrofc`k ` s gjfhoro dohgct`s .
`s
Ho jsj
jsjkf
kfco
co r` doktcfo gj Jh dotogjr` sj rjlhjeo todncjk jk jh jstch`, g`kgj
r`doktcfo
jstok sjporogos p` p`rr uk dorfog` f`ktrostj gj t`k`, ho portj sotcrcfo y jh f`k-
lhcft` prckfcpoh. Oqujhho, f`rrjsp`kgcjktj o h`s fuotr` d`djkt`s ckcfcohjs gj
ckcfcohjs gj
Bacok`, `lrjfj uk jstch` g gj j brok cktjks cgog frctcfo. Jstj js jh kcvjh
cktjkscgog kcvjh f`studnrcsto
jk quj ho rjohcgog gj ho vcgo s`fcoh y p`hctcfo gjh pocs pr`v`fo jk Jfajvjrrco
uko
uk o obrjscvo f`kgjko gj h`s jxfjs`s gj ho tcrokco y gj ho Cbhjsco. ^jfurrj,
h`bcfodjktj, f`d` n nu ujk rjo
rjohcsto,
hcsto, o ho f`d
f`dcfcg og acrcjktj, ckdje`ronhj ckstru-
cfcgog
djkt` por
poro o jstj
jstj pr`p
pr`p`sct`.
`sct`. ]`r js` ho oftuohcgog orbjktcko gj su jp`fo jktro jk
jh rjhot` o trovjs gj hos gjl`r
gjl`rddofc`kjsforcfotu
forcfoturjsfos.
rjsfos. Jk fodnc`, kogo gj jst`
of`ktjfj jk jh jpcs`gc` g jh ukctorc
gj kctorc`
` osjsckog
osjsckog`` p`r ho a`rgo gjsaudokczogo. Jh
gjsjkhofj grodotcf` ??= pujgj jljftuorsj f`k bcr`s aud`rcstcf`s kc ogdctj jh
djk`r jljf
jljftcsd
tcsd`` rjt`
rjt`rcf`
rcf`.. Jh out`r lce
lceo ho otjkfc`k gj
o ho gjhh hjft`r jks`d
jks`dnnrjfcjkg`
ho jxprjsc`k, p`kc`kg`hj s`rgcko oh sorfosd`, y jsto d` gjrofc`k gj ho f`d
d`gjrofc`k f`dcfc
cfcgog
gog
sj doktcjkj aosto jh d`djkt`
d`djkt` g gj
j ho dujrt
dujrtjj gjh pr`tob`kcsto. Ho fausdo ao
qujgog` jstup
jstupjlofto5
jlofto5 H`s ljgj
ljgjrohj s aoncok gog`
rohjs gog` lck o u ko gj sus ckkud
uko ckkudjronhjs
jronhjs
: :6
pr`jzos ' . Dujrto ho vcftcdo y f`ksudogo, p`r h` tokt`, ho trobjgco, jh out`r
occogj u k porrol` f`kfhuyjktj jk quj rjcktr`gufj j
uk jhh t`k` nurhjsf` poro sjkohor
uko poro
p orog`eo onsurgo5 hhodonok jhh`s (h`s ljgjrohjs)
g`eo <7 sohvoej ukctorc` . . . o t`g`
jh quj k` jro gjb`hhog`r, forkcfjr`, kc hogr`k . Aoy uk cktjrjsoktj porohjh`
ff
jktrj Jh d otogjr
otogjr`` y jh dos r`d oktcf` gj h`s jksoy`s gj Horro, G co g
r`doktcf` gjj gclukt`s
gj ?16< , jk quj sj k`to uk ukoo ogoptofc`k g jh jstch` d
gj uy sjckjeoktj. Ohhc todncjk
duy
ho fcugog jsto rjlhjeogo scdn`h
scdn`hcfod jktj, jk ho djtol`ro gjh brok fjdjktjrc`
cfodjktj,
quj
qu j gjsjdpjko uko lukfc`k duy porjfcgo o ho ho gjh dotogjr` jfajvjrrcok`.
Od n` s huborjs rjprjsjktok h` gjhjzkonhj g gj ho s`fcjgog y jk
j ho jk odn`s sj gjsjk-
vujhvj uk o trobjg
uko trobjgco.
co. Fu
Fuokg
okg`` Horro troto gj rjlubcorsj jk su pr`pc` f`roz`k,
aort` yo gj dcror h` s fotolohf`s gj ho brok urnj, poro vjr q u ` jpctolc` jsto
h`s
bronog` jk jh, d`djkt` qu qujj f`rrjsp`kgj, jk su lukfc`k tjdotcfo, o ho d u j r tj
F`kfhusc`k
<<
Jrkjst` D
D`rohjs
`rohjs,, Jstjnok Jfajvjrrco (Nujk`s Ocrjs5 Jgct`rcoh Fhorcgog, ?3:= , ?73.
Hos cgjos jstjtcfos
g
j Jfajvjrk'o
y
y j r`doktcfcsd`
r`doktcfcsd ̀
jh
h gj
gj Jh dotogjr` :6
supjrlcfcj gj rjhot`,
h kc hj `furrc ̀otrcnucrhj
kc sj otrcnucrhj
`furrc` q u j j acst`rcf`,
do voh`r
s h kc
cdobckorsj jk jh `tr`
`tr ̀pr`p`sct`
pr`p`sct ̀quj
quj jh gcgoftcf`. H vjrgog
o vjrgog js quj
js Bu
Butc
tc rj
rjz
z k`
k`
tuv` k
kcc rjd`to cgjo gj q qu
uj jk sus dodok k`s, jk hos n`rr`sos hckj
hckjos p`hv`
p
os gjh `hv`rcjkt`
rcjkt`
hjboe` sj aohhono h` dos scb
scbkkclcfotcv`
clcfotcv` gj h `nro
ho
o `nro jfajvjrrcoko.
Jh hubor qu `fupo
j `fupo
quj h d t gjr ` jk ho acst`rco pr`so
gj ho orbjktcko
osjburog`
osjburog` p`rquj jxprjso, f`d` p`f`s h` gjfcscv ̀
gjfcscv` gj jsto
h cgjorc` r`doktcf`.
Js, p`r
p` r f`kscbucjktj, uk g`fudj
g`fudjkt` ortcstcf ̀
kt ̀ortcstcf`
ck
ckoprjf
oprjfconhj
conhj poro jh okohcscs
gj jstj cdp`rtoktj fopctuh ̀
fopctuh` gj h pjksodcjkt ̀
pjksodcjkt` d`gjrk`,
`gjrk`, s`nrj
s`nrj t`g`
t`g ̀
gj h`s
loft`rjs quj f`k
f`kstctu
stctuyjk
yjk su f`ktrcnutrcnufc`k dos cdpjrjfjgj
cdpjrjfjgjroro o ho acst`rco
fuhturoh orbjktcko.