Mathematics 7

Q4-week 5 -6
Objective:
 Mode of Group Data

Formula:
Δ1
Mode = 𝑥𝑙𝑏 + 𝑖
Δ1 + Δ2

Where: xlb is the lower limit of modal class

∆𝟏 = the difference between the frequency of the modal
class and the frequency of the class next lower in value

∆𝟐 = difference between the frequency of the modal class

and the frequency of the modal class next higher in value

𝑖 = size of the class interval

 Δ1
Compute the mode of the Mode = 𝑥𝑙𝑏 + 𝑖
Δ1 + Δ2
Math test scores
𝑥𝑙𝑏 = 31- 0.5 = 30.5
Scores Frequency
Δ1 = 12 − 11 = 1 𝑖=5
46-50 2 Δ2 = 12 − 11 = 1
41-45 5
𝟏
36-40
31-35
11
12
]Δ2 = 30.5 +
𝟏+𝟏
5

26-30 11 ] Δ1 = 30.5 + 𝟏
𝟐
5

21-25 5 𝟓
= 30.5 +
16-20 3 𝟐 Mode = 33
11-15 1 = 30.5 + 2. 𝟓
 Practice exercise 1
Δ1
Mode = 𝑥𝑙𝑏 + 𝑖
Δ1 + Δ2
Given the test result in Grade 7
Math
1. 𝑥𝑙𝑏 = 26 – 0.5 = 25.5 3. Δ2 = 13 − 6 = 7
Scores Frequency 2. Δ1 = 13 − 4 = 9 4. 𝑖= 5
36-40 7 Solution
𝟗
31-35 6
26-30 13
] Δ2 = 25.5 +
𝟗+𝟕
5

21-25 4 ] Δ1 = 25.5 +
𝟗
𝟏𝟔
5
16-20 5 𝟒𝟓
= 25.5 +
11-15 5 𝟖𝟎
= 25.5 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔
Mode = 26.06
Practice exercise 2

Given the table below calculate the

mode of the given grouped data.

Scores Frequency
36-38 5
33-35 7
30-32 13
27-29 15
24-26 6
21-23 2
Practice exercise 2
Δ1
Mode = 𝑥𝑙𝑏 + 𝑖
Δ1 + Δ2
Given the table below calculate the
mode of the given grouped data. 1. 𝑥𝑙𝑏 = 27 – 0.5 = 26.5 3. Δ2 = 15 − 13 = 2
2. Δ1 = 15 − 6 = 9 4. 𝑖= 3
Scores Frequency
36-38 5 Solution
𝟗
33-35 7 = 26.5 + 3
𝟗+𝟐
30-32
27-29
13
15
] Δ2 = 26.5 +
𝟗
3
𝟏𝟏
24-26 6 ] Δ1 = 26.5 +
𝟐𝟕
21-23 2 𝟏𝟏
= 26.5 + 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓
Mode = 28.95
 Answer the following
Calculate the mode:

A survey was conducted among 50 Grade 7

classes in various schools of Pasay to find
the average class size of Grade 7.

Scores Frequency
50-54 2
45-49 2
40-44 15
35-39 10
30-34 12
25-29 5
20-24 3
15-19 1
Calculate the mode: Δ1
Mode = 𝑥𝑙𝑏 +
Δ1 + Δ2
𝑖
A survey was conducted among 50 Grade 7
classes in various schools of Pasay to find
the average class size of Grade 7. 1. 𝑥𝑙𝑏 = 40 – 0.5 = 39.5 3. Δ2 = 15 − 2 = 13
Scores Frequency 2. Δ1 = 15 − 10 = 5 4. 𝑖= 5

50-54 2 Solution
45-49 2 ] Δ2 = 39.5 +
𝟓
𝟓 + 𝟏𝟑
5
40-44 15
35-39 10 ] Δ1 = 39.5 +
𝟓
𝟏𝟖
5
30-34 12 𝟐𝟓
= 39.5 +
25-29 5 𝟏𝟖
20-24 3 = 39.5 + 𝟏. 𝟑𝟗
15-19 1 Mode = 40.89
Objective:
 Grouped data which are arranged in a frequency distribution.
MEAN (also known as arithmetic mean) is the most commonly used measure of central
tendency
Scores of Grade 7
σ 𝑓𝑥 student in Mathematics 7
𝑥ҧ =
𝑁 Class limit Frequency
Where, 5–7 5
ഥ
𝒙 -is the mean 8 – 10 3
f - frequency of each class
11 – 13 6
x - is the class mark
fx –the product of frequency and class mark 14 – 16 2
σ 𝒇𝒙 -sum of the product of the frequencies and 17 – 19 4
class mark Total 20
N – Total frequency
 1. CLASS MARK
𝑥̅ = Lower Limit + Upper Limit
2

Class limit Frequency Class Mark

(f) (x)
5–7 5 5 + 7 = 12 ÷ 𝟐 = 6
8 – 10 3 8 + 10 = 18 ÷ 𝟐 = 9
11 – 13 6 11 + 13 = 24 ÷ 𝟐 = 12
14 – 16 2 14 + 16 = 30 ÷ 𝟐 = 15
17 – 19 4 17 + 19 = 36 ÷ 𝟐 = 18
Total 20 𝛴𝑥 = 60
Step 2: Find the product of the
frequency and the class mark.

Class limit Frequency Class Mark fx

(f) (x)
5 x 6 = 30
5–7 5 6
3 x 9 = 27
8 – 10 3 9
6 x 12 = 72
11 – 13 6 12
2 x 15 = 30
14 – 16 2 15
4 x 18 = 72
17 – 19 4 18
Total 20 𝛴𝑥 = 60 𝜮fx = 231
Solve for the mean of group data

Frequency Class Mark

𝛴f x
Class limit (f) (x) fx 𝑥̅ = N
5–7 5 6 30
231
8 – 10 3 9 27 𝑥̅ = 20
11 – 13 6 12 72
14 – 16 2 15 30
17 – 19 4 18 72
𝑥̅ = 11.55
Total N = 20 𝛴𝑥 = 60 𝛴f x = 231

Therefore, the calculated mean score of Grade 7

students in Mathematics 7 is 11.55
 Median
is the middle value of a set of data. The scores of grade 7 students in a 50
𝑛 items summative test in Statistics
−< 𝐶𝑓
𝑥ҧ = 𝑙 + 2 i SCORES FREQUENCY (f)
𝑓𝑚 11-15 1
16-20 3
ഥ
𝒙 = median
21-25 5
𝑙 = lower class boundary of the median class
n = total frequency 26-30 11
< 𝑐𝑓 = less than cumulative frequency 31-35 12
above the median class 36-40 11
𝑖 = size of the class interval
41-45 5
𝑓𝑚 = frequency of the median class
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3
21-25 5
26-30 11
31-35 12
36-40 11
41-45 5
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5
26-30 11
31-35 12
36-40 11
41-45 5
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5 4+5= 9
26-30 11
31-35 12
36-40 11
41-45 5
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5 4+5= 9
26-30 11 9 + 11 = 20
31-35 12
36-40 11
41-45 5
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5 4+5= 9
26-30 11 9 + 11 = 20
31-35 12 20 + 12 = 32
36-40 11
41-45 5
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5 4+5= 9
26-30 11 9 + 11 = 20
31-35 12 20 + 12 = 32
36-40 11 32+ 11 = 43
41-45 5
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5 4+5= 9
26-30 11 9 + 11 = 20
31-35 12 20 + 12 = 32
36-40 11 32+ 11 = 43
41-45 5 43 + 5 = 48
46-50 2
Total n = 50
Less than cumulative frequency

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

(f)
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 1+3= 4
21-25 5 4+5= 9
26-30 11 9 + 11 = 20
31-35 12 20 + 12 = 32
36-40 11 32+ 11 = 43
41-45 5 43 + 5 = 48
46-50 2 48 + 2 = 50
Total n = 50
Determine the class median

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

𝑛 50
(f)
= = 25
2 2
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 4
21-25 5 9
26-30 11 20
31-35 12 32
36-40 11 43
41-45 5 48
46-50 2 50
Total n = 50
Determine the class median

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf

𝑛 50
(f)
= = 25 median class
2 2
11-15 1 1
16-20 3 4
21-25 5 9
26-30 11 20
31-35 12 32 Median class
36-40 11 43
41-45 5 48
46-50 2 50
Total n = 50
 Compute the median
𝑁
−< 𝐶𝑓
𝑥ҧ = 𝑙 + 2 i
𝑓𝑚
SCORES FREQUENCY < cf
(f) Lower class boundary (𝑙) = 31
11-15 1 1 (𝑙) = 31 – 0.5 = 30.5
16-20 3 4 < 𝐶𝑓 = 20 𝑓𝑚 = 12
21-25 5 9
26-30 11 20
31-35 12 32
36-40 11 43
41-45 5 48
46-50 2 50
Total n = 50
 𝑛
Compute the mean 2 −< 𝐶𝑓
𝑥ҧ = 𝑙 + i
𝑓𝑚

SCORES FREQUENCY < cf Lower class boundary (𝑙) = 36

(f) (𝑙) = 31 – 0.5 = 30.5
11-15 1 1 < 𝐶𝑓 = 20 𝑓𝑚 = 12 i=5
16-20 3 4
50
21-25 5 9 −20
2
𝑥ҧ = 30.5 + 5
26-30 11 20 12
31-35 12 32 25−20
𝑥ҧ = 30.5 +
12
5
36-40 11 43
5
41-45 5 48 𝑥ҧ = 30.5 + 5
12
46-50 2 50
𝑥ҧ = 30.5 + 0.42 5
Total n = 50
𝑥ҧ = 30.5 + 2.1 𝑥ҧ = 32.6
Objective:
The measures of variability most commonly used in statistics are

• Range
• Average Deviation or Mean Deviation
• Standard Deviation
• Variance
Range R = Range,
R=H–L H = Highest measure
L = Lowest Measure

The following are the daily attendance of Grade 7 students of PCNHS. Find the range.

Days Number of R=H–L

Students
Monday 450
R = 500 – 300
Tuesday 300 R = 200
Wednesday 350

Thursday 400

Friday 500
Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

-the average of the distances between each value and the mean.

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows

𝛴 𝑥−𝑢 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean deviation
𝑀𝐷 =
𝑛
Step 1: find the mean 𝛴𝑥
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
𝑥 – 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑛
𝜇 − 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 450 + 300 + 350 + 400 + 500
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛 – 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 5
1650
− 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
5
- regardless of sign
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5
Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5

100 200 300 330 400 500

Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5

120

100 200 300 330 400 500

Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5

30
120

100 200 300 330 400 500

Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5

20

30
120

100 200 300 330 400 500

Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5

70

20

30
120

100 200 300 330 400 500

Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

The daily attendance of Grade 7 students are as follows 450,300,350,400, and 500. Find the mean
deviation.
Step 2 : Find the distance of each value from the mean 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330
450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5 170

70

20

30
120

100 200 300 330 400 500

Mean Deviation (ungroup data)

Step 3: Find the mean of distances 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 330

450 − 330 + 300 − 330 + 350 − 330 + 400 − 330 + 500 − 330
𝑀𝐷 =___________________________________________________________________________________
5
𝑀𝐷 = _______________________________
120 + 30+ 20+ 70+ 170
5

410
𝑀𝐷 =
5
So, the mean = 330 and the mean deviation = 82
𝑀𝐷 =82
Standard Deviation (ungroup data)

Standard deviation measures the dispersion of the data. It shows the average
absolute distance of each point from the mean.
Sample : Population :
2 𝑥 – 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
෌ 𝑥−𝑥ҧ ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝑥̅– 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
s= 𝝈=
𝑛 – 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒s
𝑛−1 𝑵

Variance is the square of the standard deviation.

Sample : Population :

σ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 2 ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝒔𝟐 = 𝝈𝟐 =
𝑵
𝑛−1
Standard Deviation (ungroup data)

Solve for the standard deviation of 450,300,350,400, and 500.

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 (𝑥) = 330

2
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
500
450
400
350
300
n=5
Standard Deviation (ungroup data)

Solve for the standard deviation of 450,300,350,400, and 500.

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 (𝑥) = 330

2
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
500 500 – 330 = 170

450 450 – 330 = 120

400 400 – 330 = 70
350 350 – 330 = 20
300 300 – 330 = - 30
n=5
Standard Deviation (ungroup data)

Solve for the standard deviation of 450,300,350,400, and 500.

2
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
170 2 = 28, 900
500 170
450 120 120 2
= 14, 400
70 2 =
400 70 4, 900
350 20 20 2 = 400
300 - 30 −30 2 = 900
2
n=5 𝛴 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ = 49,500
Standard Deviation and variance (ungroup data)
Sample:
𝒙 𝟐
෌ 𝒙−ഥ
2 s=
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝒏−𝟏

500 170 28,900 49,500

s=
5−1
450 120 14,400
49,500
400 70 4900 s=
4
350 20 400 s= 12, 375

300 - 30 900 s = 11.24 Standard Deviation

𝟐
n=5 ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 = 49,500 𝒔𝟐 = 11.24

𝒔𝟐 = 3.35 Variance
Standard Deviation and variance (ungroup data)
Population: 2
σ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
𝜎 =
2 𝑁
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
500 170 28,900 49, 500
𝜎 =
450 120 14,400 5

400 70 4900 𝜎 = 9,900

350 20 400
𝜎 = 99.50 Standard Deviation
300 - 30 900
𝟐
n=5 ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 = 49,500
𝝈𝟐 = 99.50
𝝈𝟐 = 9.97 Variance
Calculate the variance

Calculate the variance of the data set, 3 6 9 12 15

Step 1: Calculate the mean Step 2: find the difference of each value from the mean

3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15
𝑥ҧ = 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
5
45
𝑥ҧ = 3 3–9=-6
5
6 6–9=-3
𝑥ҧ = 9
9 9–9=0
12 12 – 9 = 3
15 15 – 9 = 6
Calculate the variance

Calculate the variance of the data set, 3 6 9 12 15

Step 3: Square the deviation

2
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
2
3 -6 −6 = 36
6 -3 −3 2
=9
9 0 0 2
=0
12 3 3 2
=9
2
15 6 6 = 36
Calculate the variance

Step 3: Square the deviation Step 4: solve for the sum of deviation square
2
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
= 36 + 9 + 0 + 3 + 36
3 -6 36 ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
= 84
6 -3 9 Step 5: calculate the variance
9 0 0 𝒙 𝟐
෌ 𝒙−ഥ
12 3 3 s=
𝒏−𝟏
15 6 36 𝟖𝟒
s=
𝟓−𝟏

𝟐 𝟖𝟒
𝒔 = 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖
𝟒
Calculate the standard deviation

Step 5: calculate the standard deviation

2
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
3 -6 36 𝒔𝟐 =
𝒏−𝟏 𝒔𝟐 = s
6 -3 9
𝟖𝟒
9 0 0 𝟐
𝒔 = 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖
𝟓−𝟏
12 3 3 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟒
𝟐 𝟖𝟒
15 6 36 𝒔 = 𝟒
𝟐
෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 = 97 𝒔𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖
Average deviation

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 ∶

σ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
𝐴𝐷 =
𝑛
Where,

AD =average deviation
𝑥 = 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝑥ҧ = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑛 = number of items under observation
Calculate the average deviation

Step 1: Calculate the mean

𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
3 𝑥ҧ =
3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15
5
6
45
9 𝑥ҧ =
5
12 𝑥ҧ = 9
15
Calculate the average deviation

Step 2: find the difference of each value from the mean 𝑥ҧ = 9

𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
3 3-9 = -6
6 6 – 9 = -3
9 9–9=0
12 12 – 9 = 3
15 15 – 9 = 6
Calculate the average deviation

Step 3: write the absolute value of a deviation

𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
3 -6 6
6 -3 3
9 0 0
12 3 3
15 6 6
Calculate the average deviation

Step 4: calculate the average deviation σ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

𝐴𝐷 =
𝑛
𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
21
3 -6 6 𝐴𝐷 =
5
6 -3 3
21
9 0 0 𝐴𝐷 =
5
12 3 3
𝐴𝐷 = 4.2
15 6 6
𝑛=5 𝛴 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ = 21
Objective:
Mean Deviation (Group data)

𝛴𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑢
𝑀𝐷 =
𝛴𝑓

Where,
𝑥 – 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝜇 − 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑓 – 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐y
− 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
- regardless of sign
Mean Deviation (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

Score Frequency
75-80 6
81-86 7
87-92 10
93-98 16
99-104 11
N=50
Mean Deviation (Group data)

STEP 1: Get the Class mark ( x )

Score f x
75-80 6 75+ 80 = 155 ÷2 = 77.5
81-86 7 81+ 86 = 167 ÷2 = 83.5
87-92 10 87+ 92 = 179 ÷2 = 89.5
93-98 16 93+ 98 = 191 ÷2 = 95.5
99-104 11 99+ 104 = ÷2 = 101.5
N=50
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step2: multiply frequency (𝑓) and class mark (𝑥)

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥
75-80 6 77.5
6 x 77.5 = 465
81-86 7 83.5 7 x 83.5 = 2,908.5
87-92 10 89.5 10 x 89.5 = 895
93-98 16 95.5 16 x 95.5 = 1,528
99-104 11 101.5 11 x 101.5 = 1,116.5
N=50 𝛴𝑓𝑥 = 6,913
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 3 : subtract each value from the mean

𝛴𝑓𝑥
𝑢=
Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢 𝑁
75-80 6 77.5 465
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5
6,913
𝑢=
50
87-92 10 89.5 895
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 𝑢 = 138.26
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5
N=50 𝛴𝑓𝑥 = 6,913
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 3 : subtract each value from the mean

𝑢 = 138.26

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢
75-80 6 77.5 465
138. 26 − 77.5= - 60.76
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 138. 26 − 83.5= - 54.76
87-92 10 89.5 895 138. 26 − 89.5= - 48.76
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 138. 26 − 95.5= - 42.76
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 138. 26 − 101.5= - 36.76
N=50 𝛴𝑓 = 6,913
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 4 : Get the absolute value

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢 𝑥−𝑢

75-80 6 77.5 465 -60.56
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76
87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76
N=50 𝛴𝑓 = 6,913
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 4 : Get the absolute value

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢 𝑥−𝑢

75-80 6 77.5 465 -60.56 60.76
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 54.76
87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 48.76
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 42.76
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 36.76
N=50 𝛴𝑓 = 6,913
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 5 : multiply the frequency to the difference of each value from the mean

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢 𝑥−𝑢 𝑓 𝑥−𝑢

75-80 6 77.5 465 -60.56 60.76
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 54.76
87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 48.76
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 42.76
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 36.76
N=50 𝛴 = 6,913
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 5 : multiply the frequency to the difference of each value from the mean

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢 𝑥−𝑢 𝑓 𝑥−𝑢

75-80 6 77.5 465 -60.56 60.76 6 x 60.76 = 364.56
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 54.76 7 x 54.76= 383.32
87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 48.76 10 x 48.76= 487.6
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 42.76 16 x 42.76= 684.16
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 36.76 11 x 36.76= 404.36
N=50 𝛴 = 4,189.5 𝜮𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒖 = 𝟐, 𝟑𝟐𝟒
Mean Deviation (Group data)

Step 5 : multiply the frequency to the difference of each value from the mean

Score 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 𝑥−𝑢 𝑥−𝑢 𝑓 𝑥−𝑢

75-80 6 77.5 465 -60.56 60.76 364.56
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 54.76 382.32
87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 48.76 487.6
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 42.76 684.16
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 36.76 404.36
N=50 𝛴 = 4,189.5 𝜮𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒖 = 𝟐, 𝟑𝟐𝟒
Mean Deviation (Group data)
𝛴𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑢
Step 6 : solve for the mean deviation 𝑀𝐷 =
𝛴𝑓

2,324
𝑀𝐷 =
50

𝑀𝐷 = 46.48
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

Standard deviation measures the dispersion of the data. It shows the average
absolute distance of each point from the mean.
Sample : Population :
2 𝑥 – 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
෌ 𝑥−𝑥ҧ ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝑥̅– 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
s= 𝝈=
𝑛 – 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒s
𝑛−1 𝑵

Variance is the square of the standard deviation.

Sample : Population :

σ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 2 ෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝒔𝟐 = 𝝈𝟐 =
𝑵
𝑛−1
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

75-80 6 77.5 465

81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5
87-92 10 89.5 895
93-98 16 95.5 1,528
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5
N=50 𝛴𝑓𝑥 = 6, 913
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
𝛴𝑓𝑥
75-80 6 77.5 465 𝑥ҧ =
𝑁
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5
87-92 10 89.5 895 6,913
𝑥ҧ =
50
93-98 16 95.5 1,528
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 𝑥ҧ = 138.26
N=50 𝛴𝑓𝑥
= 6,913
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

75-80 6 77.5 465 77.5 – 138.26= - 60.76

81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 83.5 – 138.26= - 54.76
87-92 10 89.5 895 89.5 – 138.26= - 48.76
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 95.5 – 138.26= - 42.76
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 101.5 – 138.26= -36.76
N=50 ഥ
𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝜮𝒇𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟏𝟑
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

75-80 6 77.5 465 - 60.76

81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76

87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76

93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76

99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76

N=50 ഥ
𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝜮𝒇𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟏𝟑
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

75-80 6 77.5 465 - 60.76 (−60.76)2 = 3,691.76

2
81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 −54.76 = 2,998.66

87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 −48.76 2 = 2,377.54

2
93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 −42.76 = 1,828.42
2
99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 −36.76 = 1,351.30

N=50 ഥ
𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝜮𝒇𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟏𝟑 𝜮 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔𝟖
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

The scores of 50 Grade 7 students recorded by final year are as follows.

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

75-80 6 77.5 465 - 60.76 3,691.76

81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 2,998.66

87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 2,377.54

93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 1,828.42

99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 1,351.30

𝟐
N=50 ഥ
𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝜮𝒇𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟏𝟑 𝜮 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔𝟖
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)

Population :
෌ 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝝈=
𝑵 −𝟏

𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔𝟖
𝝈=
𝟓𝟎

𝝈 = 𝟐𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟓

𝝈 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟓 Standard deviation

𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟓

𝝈𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟔 variance
Standard Deviation and variance (Group data)
Sample :
෌ 𝑥−𝑥ҧ 2
s= 𝑁−1

12,247.68
s=
50−1
12,247.68
s=
49
s= 249.95
s= 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟏 Standard deviation

𝒔𝟐 = 15.81
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟖 Variance
Variance measure how far a set of numbers are spread out. It is a
numerical value and is used to indicate how widely individuals in a group
vary.

𝝈𝟐
෌𝑓 𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
=
𝛴𝑓 − 1
where,

f frequency in the class interval

x the class mark
xത class mean
Σf total number of frequency
Calculate the Variance (Group data)

𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥 2 2
Score 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

75-80 6 77.5 465 - 60.76 3,691.76

81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 2,998.66

87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 2,377.54

93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 1,828.42

99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 1,351.30

ഥ
𝒙 𝜮𝒇𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟏𝟑 𝜮 𝒙−ഥ 𝒙 𝟐
N=50 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔𝟖
= 𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟗
Calculate the Variance (Group data)

Score 𝒇 𝒙 𝒇𝒙 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝒇 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙

75-80 6 77.5 465 - 60.76 3,691.76 6 x ( 3,691.76 ) = 22, 150.56

81-86 7 83.5 2,908.5 - 54.76 2,998.66 7 x ( 2, 998.66 ) = 20, 990.62

87-92 10 89.5 895 - 48.76 2,377.54 10 x ( 2, 377.54 ) = 23, 775.4

93-98 16 95.5 1,528 - 42.76 1,828.42 16 x ( 1, 828.42 ) = 29, 254.72

99-104 11 101.5 1,116.5 - 36.76 1,351.30 11 x ( 1, 351.30 ) = 14, 864.3

ഥ
𝒙 = 𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝜮𝒇𝒙 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟏𝟑 𝜮 𝒙−ഥ 𝒙 𝟐
N=50 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔𝟖 𝜮𝒇 𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟎𝟑𝟒. 𝟔
Calculate the Variance (Group data)

෌𝑓 𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝝈𝟐 =
𝛴𝑓 − 1

𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟎𝟑𝟒. 𝟔
𝝈 =
𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏

𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟎𝟑𝟒. 𝟔
𝝈 =
𝟒𝟗

𝝈𝟐 = 𝟐, 𝟐𝟔𝟔. 𝟎𝟏

𝝈𝟐 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟔𝟎
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 ∶

σ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
𝐴𝐷 =
𝑁
Where,

AD average deviation
f frequency
x classmark
xത mean
N total frequency
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

What is the average deviation of the following group data

Class Frequency
interval
1-4 2
5-8 3
9-12 3
13- 16 1
17- 20 1
N=10
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

1. Get the class mark

Class
interval f x
1-4 2 1+4= 5 ÷ 2 = 𝟐. 𝟓
𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 + 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕
5-8 3 6.5 𝒙=
𝟐
9-12 3 10.5
13- 16 1 14.5
17- 20 1 18.5
N=10
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

2. Compute the mean

σ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥ҧ =
Class 𝑁
interval f x fx 89
1-4 2 2.5 2 x 2.5 = 5 𝑥ҧ =
10
5-8 3 6.5 19.5
9-12 3 10.5 31.5 𝑥ҧ = 8.9
13- 16 1 14.5 14.5
17- 20 1 18.5 18.5
N=10 σ 𝒇𝒙 = 89
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

3. Subtract the mean from each value 𝑥ҧ = 8.9

Class
interval f x fx 𝒙-ഥ
𝒙
1-4 2 2.5 5 2.5 – 8.9 = - 6.4
5-8 3 6.5 19.5 6.5 – 8.9 = -2.4
9-12 3 10.5 31.5 1.6
13- 16 1 14.5 14.5 5.6
17- 20 1 18.5 18.5 9.6
N=10 σ 𝒇𝒙 = 89
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

4. Get the absolute value 𝑥ҧ = 8.9

Class
interval f x fx 𝒙-ഥ
𝒙 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
1-4 2 2.5 5 - 6.4 6.4
5-8 3 6.5 19.5 -2.4 2.4
9-12 3 10.5 31.5 1.6 1.6
13- 16 1 14.5 14.5 5.6 5.6
17- 20 1 18.5 18.5 9.6 9.6
N=10 σ 𝒇𝒙 = 89
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

5. Get the product of 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

Class
interval f x fx 𝒙-ഥ
𝒙 𝒙−ഥ
𝒙 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
1-4 2 2.5 5 - 6.4 6.4 2 x 6.4 = 12.8
5-8 3 6.5 19.5 -2.4 2.4 3 x 2.4 = 7.2
9-12 3 10.5 31.5 1.6 1.6 4.8
13- 16 1 14.5 14.5 5.6 5.6 5.6
17- 20 1 18.5 18.5 9.6 9.6 9.6
N=10 σ 𝒇𝒙 = 89 σ𝒇 𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙 = 40
Calculate the average deviation (Group data)

6. Calculate the average deviation σ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ

𝐴𝐷 =
𝑁

40
𝐴𝐷 =
10

𝐴𝐷 = 4