Chapter Assessment 5

Name: Magdaraog, Crishun Jay E.

Course: BTLEd-IA 2nd Year

Traditional Assessment
1. What is the significance of the mean, median and mode in assessing the
performance of the learners in the classroom? What are the properties of
mean, median and mode?
Answer: The Mode, Median, and Mean are measure of central tendency and they
provide meaningful information to the teacher when used correctly. Each of the statistics
is a good measure of central tendency in certain situation and a bad measure in others.
The common uses of mean, median and mode, the median is the mid-point in a
distribution of values among cases, with an equal number of cases above and below the
median. The mode is the value the occurs most often in the distribution
What are the properties of mean, median and mode?
Answer: The mean (average) of a data set is found by adding all number in the data
set and then dividing by the number of values in the set. The median is the middle
value when a data set is ordered from least to greatest. The mode is the number the
occurs most often in a data set.

2. When and why the mean, median and mode are used in interpreting
student performance?
Answer: When it’s comes to interpreting student performance it’s id better to use the
measure of central tendency such as mean, median, and mode are used to determine
the typical or average score for a group, where as the measures of variability, such as
standard deviation, indicate how the scores are spread about the central or typical
value.
 3. What is measure of variation or dispersion? Describe the different properties of
range, mean deviation, quartile deviation, inter-quartile range, variance and
standard deviation.
Answer:
Measure of dispersion describe the spread of the of the data. They include range,
interquartile range, standard deviation, variance and etc. The range is given as the
smallest and largest observations. This is the simplest measure of variability.
Mean deviation takes its minimum value when the deviation are taken from the
median. It is based on all the observations not much affected by sampling fluctuations.
Furthermore, unlike SD, mean deviation does not posses mathematical properties.
Quartile deviation provides the best measure of dispersion for open-end classification.
It is less affected due to sampling fluctuation. Like other measure of dispersion, quartile-
deviation remains unaffected due to a change of origin but is affected in the same ratio
due to change in scale.
Inter-quartile range it represent the difference between the upper (or third) quartile and
the lower (or first) quartile. It is the range of values represent by the middle 50 percent
of a data set.
Variance is the expected value of the squared variation, which is equal to the square
from its mean value, in probability and statistics. The value of variance is equal to the
square of standard deviation, which is another central tool. Variance is symbolically
represented by o2,s2 or Var(X).
Standard deviation is only used to measure spread or dispersion around the mean of a
data set. Standard deviation is never negative and sensitive outliers. For data with
approximately the same mean, the greater the spread, the greater the standard
deviation.

4. Discuss the importance of the different measures of variability in assessing the

performance of the students. What measure of variation and when to use
measure of variation in interpreting scores of students?
Answer: The range is the simplest measure of variability to compute. The standard
deviation can be an effective tool for teachers. The standard deviation can be useful in
analyzing classroom test results. A large standard deviation might tell a teacher the
class grades were spread a great distance from the mean.
In order to measuring of variability in interpreting student result , as a teacher you must
be able to comprehend how the degree to which data values are spread out in a
distribution can be examined using basic measurement.
 5. Differentiate skewness from normal curve.
Answer: When the data is scattered uniformly at the central point, it called as Normsl
distribution. Is it perfectly symmetric, bell-shared curve, i.e. both the sides are equal,
and so it is not skewed.
In a normal distribution, the mean and the median are the same number while the mean
and median in a skewed distribution become different numbersa: A left skewed,
negative distribution will have the mean to the left of the median. A right-skewed
distribution will have the mean to the right of the median.

Performance-based Assessment
Below are scores of 50 students in a 40-item test in English.
25 21 36 22 16 29 30 34 33 25
34 25 29 33 25 10 18 36 38 24
12 10 22 11 35 28 40 35 38 19
23 18 15 28 36 38 36 33 22 30
33 40 36 38 40 35 16 19 25 36

1.Construct a frequency distribution table.

Score Tally f
36-40 lllll-lllll-lll 13
31-35 lllll-llll 9
26-30 lllll-l 6
21-25 lllll-lllll-l 11
16-20 lllll-l 6
10-15 lllll 5_
n=50
 1. Compute the mean, median, mode. Interpret the results.
Measure of Central Tendency

(The Mean)
Score f Midpoint Xm fXm
36-40 13 38 494
31-35 9 33 294
26-30 6 28 168
21-25 11 23 253
16-20 6 18 108
10-15 __5__ 12.5 __62.5__
fx =¿1 ¿
n=50 ∑ ¿ ,382.5
❑

❑
x́ =∑ f x
❑
n
x́ = 1382.5
50
x́= 27.65
 (The Median)
Score f F
36-40 13 50
Add the frequency going up,
thus,
31-35 9 37
26-30 6 28 5+6 equals 11+11 equals 22+6
21-25 11 22 equals 28+9 equals 37+13
20.5
16-20 6 11 equals 50.
10-15 5_ 5
n=50

Get the half n/2: 50/2 is equal to

25 50 =25 Given: L=20.5 f=11 F=11 i=5
2

n /2−F
Formula Md =L+ [ f
i ] Subtract the
cumulative frequency
50 / 2−11
Md=2O .5+ [ 11
5] (F) from the half sum
n/2. Take note that the
14
Md=20.5+ [ ]
11
5 (F) should not the n/2.
70 the 11 is the (F) and
Md=20.5+
11
the small (f) is 11 also
Md = 20.5 + 6.36 one step higher than
Md = 26.86 the cumulative
frequency.
(The Mode)
For the mode, the
Formula Mo = 3MD – 2 x́ following frequency
Given: Md= 26. 86 x́ =27.65 distribution of the scores

Mo = 3 (26.86) – 2 (27.65)
is 50 Student in a 40 –
item test, student solve
Mo = 80.58 – 55.3 for the( x́ ) and the Md,
Mo = 25.28 then substitute the
values obtained the
formula. The Mo is equal

3. Determine the value of Q1, Q2, Q3, D4, D5, D6, P60, P75, P95. Analyze the
values.
Measure of Central Location
(The Quartiles)

Arrange the scores from the lowest to the highest as indicated

below.
Scores
10 29
10 30
11 30
12 33
15 33
16 33
 16 33
18 34
18 34
19 35
19 35
21 35
22 13th Q1 36 38th Q3
22 36
22 36
23 36
24 36
25 36
25 38
25 38
25 38
25 38
28 40
28 40
29 25th Q2 40

n = 50
Solution:
Q1 = n/4 Q2 = 2n/40 Q3 = 3n/40
Q1 = 1(50)/40 Q2 = 2 (50)/40 Q3 = 3(50)/40
Q1 = 50/40 Q2 = 100/40 Q3 = 150/4
Q1 = 13th observation Q2 = 25th observation Q3 = 38th observation
22 29 36
(The Deciles) D4, D5, D6

Scores
10 29
10 30
11 30
12 33
15 33 30th D6
16 33
16 33
18 34
18 34
19 35
19 35
21 35
22 36
22 36
22 36
23 36
24 36
25 36
25 38
25 20th D4 38
25 38
25 38
28 40
 28 40
29 25th D5 40

Deciles formula
DK = kn/10
D = the deciles
K = from 1, 2,…9
n = the sample size

D4 = kn/10 D5 = kn/10 D6 = kn/10

D4 = 4(50)/10 D5 = 5(50)/10 D6 =6(50)/10
D4 = 200/10 D5 =250/10 D6 = 300/10
D4 = 20th Observation 25 D5 = 25th Observation 29 D6 =30th Observation 33

(The Percentile) P60, P75, P95

Scores
10 29
10 30
11 30
12 33
15 33 30th P60
16 33
16 33
18 34
18 34
 19 35
19 35
21 35
22 36 38th P75
22 36
22 36
23 36
24 36
25 36
25 38
25 38
25 38
25 38
28 40 48th P95
28 40
29 40

Percentile Formula
Pk =kn/100
P= the percentile
K = from 1, 2, 3….9
n = the sample size

PK = kn/100 PK = 75n/100 PK = 95n/100

P60 = 60(50)/100 P75 = 75(50)/100 P95 =95(50)/100
P60 = 3000/100 P75 =3,750/100 P95 = 4,750/100
P60 = 30th observation P75 = 38th observation P95 =48th observation

33 36 40
It can be noted that the position of the score 29 in above distribution are the same
when the following measure are computed such as the Q2=D2
It can be noted that the middle position of the score 33 in above distribution are
the same when the following measure are computed such as the D6= P 60.
And the highest position of the score 36 of the distribution of the same measure
are computed such as Q3= P75.

4. Compute the range, quartile deviation, mean deviation,

variance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.
Make an analysis of each value.
Measuring of Dispersion/Variation

(Range)
Score f The upper limit of the highest class is 40.5
36-40 40.5 13 And the lower limit of the lower class is 9.5,

31-35 9 Thus the range is

26-30 6 Range = 40.5 – 9.5

21-25 11 Range =31

16-20 6
9.5 10-15 5 _
n=50
Scor frequenc Midpoin f.m x́ m−x́ ( m−x́ )2 ( m−x́ )2
e y t
f m
36-40 13 38 494 27. 10. 106.09 1379.17
7 3
31-35 9 33 297 27. 5.3 28.09 252.81
7
26-30 6 28 168 27. 0.3 0.09 0.54
7
21-25 11 23 253 27. 4.7 22.09 242.99
7
16-20 6 18 108 27. 9.7 94.09 564.54
7
10-15 5 12.5 62.5 27. 15. 15.2 1155.2
7 2
n-50 Σfm Σf ( m−x́ )2
=1382. =3595.25
5

Solution:

To calculate the midpoint just add the

score and divide it by two.
Ex: 36 + 40/2 =76/2
Midpoint = 38

(Mean Deviation)
(Standard Deviation)
Formula ❑

√
2
f ( m− x́ )
Formula : SD= ∑
❑
n−1

3595.25
SD=
√ 50−1
SD=√ 73.3724
x́=
∑ ¿= ∑f ⋅m ¿
x f

1382.5
x́=
50

x́=27.65∨27.7

(Variance)
Formula
f ( m−x́ )2
V=
n
3595.25
V=
50

Variance = 71.905

Coefficient of Variation
formula

SD
x
SD 8.6
=
x 27.65

❑ = 0.311030
❑
Or 0.31
(Quartile deviation)
Formula:
Q3−Q1
Q=
2
Q = Quartile Deviation
Q3 =Quartile Sub 3
Q1 = Quartile sub 1

Score f F
36-40 13 50
Q3 L 30.5 31-35 9 37
26-30 6 28
Q1 L 20.5 21-25 11 22
16-20 6 11
10-15 5_ 5
n=50
Formula for Q3 Solve for 3n/4
3 n /4−F
Q 3=30.5+ [ f ]ⅈ = 3(50)/4
= 150/4
= 37.5
 37.5−11
Q 3=30.5+ [ 11
5]
26.5
Q 3=30.5+ [ ]
11
5

122.5
Q 3=30.5+
11
Q3 = 30.5 =12.05
Q3 = 42.55

Formula for Q1 Solve for 1n/4

1 n/4−F
Q 1=L+ [ f
ⅈ ] = 1(50)/4
= 50/4
12.5−28
Q 1=20.5+
9[ 5 ] = 12.5

15.5
Q 1=20.5+ [ ]
9
5

77.5
Q 1=20.5+
9
Q1 = 20.5 + 8.611
Q1 = 29.11

Q3−Q1
Q=
2
42.55−29.11
Q=
2
13.44
Q=
2
Q=6.72
5. Solve for the SK value and make an interpretation of the
value.
(Skewness)
Score f
Formula for Skewness
36-40 13
3( x́−Md )
sK=
31-35 9 sD
26-30 6 x́ = Mean

21-25 11 Md = Median

SD = Standard Deviation
16-20 6
3 = constant
10-15 5_
n=50
Solution:
Score f d Fd Fd2 F
36 – 40 13 +3 +16 + 48 50
31 – 35 9 +2 +10 + 20 37
26 – 30 6 +1 +7 +7 28
21 – 25 11 0 0 0 22
16 – 20 6 -1 -7 +7 11
10 – 15 5 -2 -7 + 14 5
n = 50 Σfd=19 ∑ f d 2=96
For Mean: For Median:
∑ fd
x́=am+ [ ]
n
i Md=L+ [ n /2−F
f
ⅈ ] n/2=

19
x́=28+ [ ]
50
5 Md=21.5+
25−11
[ ]11
5 50/2 = 25

x́=28 + 1.9
14
x́=30
Md=21.5+ [ ]
11
5

70
Md = 21.5 +
11
Md = 21.5 + 6.36
For Standard Deviation: Formula for Skewness
Md = 27.86
2
3( 2x́−Md
⟨ Σfd)⟩
SD=
sK=

sK=
√
ⅈ Σf d −

n−1
´
sD n
3( 30−27.86)
5.43 2
⟨ 19 ⟩
sK=
SD=5
√
❑ 96−
3(−9.22)
5.43
50−1
−27.66
sK=❑ 96−38
50

SD=5 5.43
49√
sK=−5.0996−38
SD=5 ❑
√
49 of SK = - 5.09 so the distribution is
So the value
said to be58
negatively skewed.
SD=5 ❑
49 √
SD=5 ❑√1.18
SD = 5 (1.086)

SD = 5.43

Sk = -5.09
 Negatively skewed

(Kurtosis)
FORMULA
Q
ku=
P 90−P10

Ku = Kurtosis
Q = Quartile Deviation
P10 = Percentile 10
P90 = Percentile 90

Score f F
P90 = 34.5 36-40 13 50
Q3 L=30.5 31-35 9 37
26-30 6 28
Q1 L=20.5 21-25 11 22
P10= 15.5 16-20 6 11
10-15 5_ 5
n=50
Solution for Q1 Solution for Q3
n / 4−F
Q1=L+ [ f ]ⅈ Solve for: n/4
3 n / 4−F
Q3=L+ [ f
ⅈ ] 3n/4 = 3(50)/4

37.5−28
Q3=30.5+ [ 9
5 ] =150/4 =37.5

9.5
 12.5−11
Q 1=20.5+ [ ]
11
5 =50/4 = 12.5

1.5
Q1=20.5+ [ ]
11
5

7.5
Q 1=20.5+
11
Q 1=20.5+ 0.681
Q 1=21.181

Solution for Q Solution for P10

Q3−Q1
Q= 10 n / 100−F
2
35.78−21.181
P10=L+ [ f ]ⅈ 10n/100

Q=
2 =10(50)/100
14.599
Q= 5−5
2 P10=15.5+ [ ]
6
5 =500/100 = 5
Q=7.299
0
P10=15.5+
6
P10 = 15.5

Solution for P90

10 n /100−F
P90=L+ [ f
ⅈ] solve for: 90n(50)/100

45−37
P90=34.5+ [ ]13
5 = 4500/100

8
P90=34.5+ [ ]
13
5 = 45

40
P90=34.5+
13
P10=34.5+3.076
 P10=37. 58

Solution for Kurtosis:

Q
ku=
P 90−P10

7.299
ku=
37.58−15.5
7.299 platykurtic
ku=
22.08
ku=0.33
Since the kurtosis computed value which is 0.33,
the distribution is abnormal (platykurtic).

Portfolio Assessment
1. Subscribe a copy of power point or video presentations on the discussions of
measure of central tendency, measure of central location and measure of
dispersion/variation downloaded from the internet. Copy the presentation in CD
or USB