BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Name: MAANO, KRISLYN DIANE P. Date: __________________

Group: __________________________________ Rating:_________________

Laboratory Activity 10
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBOHYDRATES

I. DISCUSSION:
Definition and Function of Carbohydrates
Elements Present in Carbohydrates

II. PROCEDURE

A. SOLUBILITY
Materials Needed : Distilled water, graduated cylinder,test tubes, funnel, fructose, sucrose,
glucose, starch and galactose in all equal amounts using spatula.
1. Transfer in test tubes all the sugar samples.
2. Put 10ml water in all test tubes.
3. Observe the water and the sugar combination. Take note of the consistency and
solubility.

SUGARS fructose sucrose glucose starch galactose

Consistency Particles Water is Water is Milk- like Normal

settle down. clear has clear liquid in the
Some are second particles water
going down. layer. settle.

shake 5x Brownish in Water is Water is Water is Cloudy in

(note the color clear but clear but milk like in color
consistency particles particles appearance
settle down. settle down
RESULT:

CONCLUSION:
Therefore, three kinds of sugar have had their own characteristics or type of solubility
when mixed with water some sugar dissolve some sugar turns brown some dissolve but
has remaining particles that settle down.
Materials Needed :10 ml HCL graduated cylinder,test tubes, funnel, fructose, sucrose, glucose, starch
and galactose in all equal amounts using spatula.

4. Transfer in test tubes all the sugar samples.

5. Put 10 ml HCL in all test tubes.
6. Observe the HCL and the sugar combination. Take note of the consistency and
solubility.

SUGARS fructose sucrose glucose stach galactose

Consistency Particles Water is Water is Milk- like Normal

settle clear has clear liquid in the
down. second particles water
Some are layer. settle.
going
down.

Shake 5x Brownish in Water is Water is Water is Cloudy in

(note the consistency) color clear but clear but milk like in color
particles particles appearance
settle down settle down

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION: Therefore, three kinds of sugar have had their own characteristics or type
of solubility when mixed with water some sugar dissolve some sugar turns brown some
dissolve but has remaining particles that settle down.

Materials Needed : 70% Alcohol, graduated cylinder,test tubes, funnel, fructose, sucrose, glucose, starch
and galactose in all equal amounts using spatula.
7. Transfer in test tubes all the sugar samples.
8. Put 10ml alcohol in all test tubes.
9. Observe the alcohol and the sugar combination. Take note of the consistency and
solubility.

SUGARS fructose sucrose glucose starch galactose

CONSISTENCY Particles Water is Water is Milk- like Normal

settle clear has clear has liquid in the
down. second second water
Some are layer. layer.
going down
 Shake 5x Brownish in Water is Water is Water is Cloudy in
(note the consistency) color clear but clear but milk like in color
particles particles appearanc
settle down settle down e

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION: Therefore, the starch has the ability to be used as a fuel since is it is capable for
ignition when there is combustion it is considered as flammable at should not be in reach by
childre

10. Compare the solubility of the sugars using the 3 different solvents

Based on the concentration of solute dissolves in a solvent, solutes

are categorized into highly soluble, sparingly soluble or insoluble.

B. IGNITION TEST
1. Place a small amount of starch enough to cover the bottom of a porcelain crucible.
2. Heat gently at first and then more strongly until the bottom of the crucible becomes
red hot.

3. Did the sample melt? Yes the starch caramelized when turn bubble? Yes there
bubbles present during caramelization smoke? Yes catch fire? yes
change color? _yes the starch turned to black give off any color? yes
leave any residue? Yes.

CONCLUSION:

Therefore, three kinds of sugar have had their own characteristics or type of solubility
when mixed with water some sugar dissolve some sugar turns brown some dissolve but
has remaining particles that settle down.
III. QUESTIONS:

1. What are carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates (also called carbs) are a type of macronutrient found in
certain foods and drinks. Sugars, starches and fiber are carbohydrates.
Other macronutrients include fat and protein.

2. Summarize the general characteristics of carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates serve several key functions in your body. They provide you

with energy for daily tasks and are the primary fuel source for your brain's
high energy demands. Fiber is a special type of carb that helps promote
good digestive health and may lower your risk of heart disease and
diabetes.

3. What are the properties and functions of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates serve several key functions in your body. They provide you
with energy for daily tasks and are the primary fuel source for your brain's
high energy demands. Fiber is a special type of carb that helps promote
good digestive health and may lower your risk of heart disease and
diabetes.

4. What are the disorders of carbohydrates?

IV. Acid mucopolysaccharides.
V. Galactose-1-phospate uridyltransferase.
VI. Galactosemia.
VII. Hereditary fructose intolerance.
VIII. Hunter syndrome.
IX. Hurler syndrome.
X. McArdle syndrome.
XI. Morquio syndrome.