J A I , V I D H I , S O N A L ,

C H A I T A N Y A

Mass Housing
 • Dense and repetitive housing solutions
that has emerged as a complement of
urban regeneration projects to cover
the acute shortage
of housing especially in the big cities.
Mass Housing • Today mass housing has become
synonymous with low cost housing and
the entire national effort in this field has
been diverted to producing a cheaper
house.
Essential components of the
project.
• People’s Participation
• Site Selection –

• Choice of materials and methods of construction –

• Planning and layout of site –

• Site development –

• Design of houses –

• Construction activity –

• Upgrading and maintenance –

• Physical Component Reference from actual project for understanding

• Community – cohesive group of 400 – 500 families.

• Housing density 85 – 100 families/hectare.

• Land requirement – 5 to 6 hectares within the city.

• Average plot size – 40 sq. m.

• Area of the house – 10 sq. m. to 30 sq. m. (on two floors)

• Land allotted for community facilities – Kindergarten – 4 no. – 2,500 sq. m., Primary School 1 no. – 3,500 sq. m.,
Community centre (including mohalla committee office, temple/mosque/gurudwara/church, community hall, health
and family planning clinic, shops – 1,500 sq. m.

• Land for roads, footpaths parks and open spaces. – 22, 500 sq. m.

• Land allotted for plots – 20,000 sq. m.

Agencies.

The design and implementation team – collection and analysis of

data, dialogue with people, organising of building activity.

Financing Agency – To provide the seed capital initially and to

provide funds at different phases of development. To receive
repayments.

Sponsoring Authority – To provide liaison between the

community to be housed, the design team, the financing agency
and the municipal authorities.
 • Family interaction.

• Group interaction.

• Design • The neighbourhood.

Considerations • Water, waste, energy.
for the project • Micro-climate.

• Finance management.
HOUSING SCEME IN
INDIA
 • India’s Urban Population has grown over the past 3-4 decades
from 109 million in 1971 to 377 million in 2011 and is expected to
grow to almost 600 million by 2030.

• While rapid urbanization and growing cities provide various

Ministry of opportunities, there are fallout in terms of proliferation of slums,
high prices of land and building materials which render houses
Housing and unaffordable for the segment at the bottom of the pyramid.

Urban Poverty • Further Census 2011 has estimated 65 million slum population in
the 4041 statutory towns.

• Ministry has been implementing Jawaharlal Nehru National

Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Rajiv Awas Yojana as
supply side interventions to tackle the problem of slums.
PROJECTS

HIG/MIG
• SALARPURIA SATTVA - Anugraha
• Rustomjee Global City
• Parkside Retirement Homes

EWS/LIG
• HOUSING AT PARSIK HILL
• incremental housing

ROW HOUSES
• Design.I.Y Housing
SALARPURIA SATTVA -
Anugraha
 Salarpuria Sattva Anugraha is one of the first ever gated residential project in Vijayanagar extension (suburbs).
The excellent connectivity of the location makes the property a great case study, especially for those who
want to study projects around Rajajinagar, Magadi Road, Vijayanagar, Mysore Road, and Nagarbhavi areas.

Salarpuria Sattva Anugraha is home to an exceptional lifestyle. It includes 764 smartly designed apartments in
phase 1 with 1, 2 & 3 BHK options divided into 22 towers.

Every tower comprises of 14 floors, each designed to provide ample privacy.

OVERVIEW This meticulously planned property is spread across 12 acres of prime land.

The most beautiful aspect of Salarpuria Sattva Anugraha is its landscaping that’s filled with abundant green
spaces. The layout is well thought out and designed to suit modern community living with premium
amenities.

A swank 30, 000 sq. ft. clubhouse with every conceivable amenity and a 2- lane bowling alley among others,
makes life here memorable. With an ideal location – 7.5 kms from Majestic and 12 kms from MG Road, this is a
home that gives you the best of all worlds.
Rustomjee Global City
Virar West
OVERVIEW
• Located in Virar West, Rustomjee Global City is a 200+ acre self-sufficient
township comprising of 1 and 2 bedroom flats, it is a stone's throw away from
over 50+ retail stores, 100+ fine-dining restaurants, top notch healthcare
facilities and much more.

• Current Status:

• Ongoing

• Configurations Available:

• 1 BHK & 2 BHK

Parkside Retirement
Homes
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

LOCATION : BANGALORE, INDIA

Architects: Mindspace
Area: 3000000 ft²
Year: 2018
Type: APARTMENTS

Park side retirement homes are a part of Brigade Orchards an integrated township located
at Devanhalli. Parkside houses 156 number of 1+2 bhk units with all handicap friendly and
wheelchair accessible spaces.
• The site has a view towards Kempegowda International Airport on South and an existing temple of worship
towards North. As a response to this context podium level is opened up and connected to the temple with wide
steps and cascading terraces at higher levels along the South side is created to view the flights take off and land.
 Program was to follow standard guide for senior living – a design manual, to address
requirements for senior citizens such as

wide corridors,

Design
doors for wheel chair movement grab bars in corridors and bathrooms,

A place to rest tired limbs and a place to keep shopping bag near the door.

However the uniqueness of the project lies in reinterpreting the idea of a single club house.
Instead of housing all the activities in one place, it is distributed across the floor for easy
access and to have a lively atmosphere and encourage interaction across the building.

Each of the floors has one activity centre which is visually connected across different levels
through a central atrium with a skylight.
 Podium level houses common activities like reception,
waiting lounge, common dining and kitchen along with
landscaped areas and water bodies.

An amphitheatre on the podium opening out to the

Design central atrium is provided to enjoy cultural events, with
varying natural light, The atrium skylight is designed in a
way to bring in eastern light and avoid glare.

The varying light quality and animated shadows on wall

surfaces further enlivens the space.
 From the podium level, a stepped plaza leads to the
existing temple.This behaves like a social gathering
space to hold bhajans, yoga and meditation activities.

Design The facade is articulated with overlapping double

height volumes accentuated with colors to visually
scale down the ten floor facade.

The spaces in Parkside allow the end users to engage

the vibrancy of a close-knit community life.
LIG & EWS

BELAPUR
OVERVIEW
• In 1964 Charles Correa, Pravina Mehta and Shirish Patel proposed a radical plan to restructure Mumbai (then Bombay) by
developing land across the harbour to accommodate the city’s growing population.

• Now known as Navi Mumbai, this planned city for 2 million people was built to redirect some of the migration away from
Mumbai and help shift the axis of growth in the old city from a monocentric north-south one, to a polycentric urban network
around the bay.

• Thisthey hoped, would help distribute people and jobs more evenly.

• But apart from its planning ideals, Navi Mumbai is also well known for its experiments in mass housing.

• Along with Correa’s Incremental Housing in Belapur (a district in Navi Mumbai), the CIDCO Housing built by the Delhi-
based architect Raj Rewal was seen as an answer to the enormous challenge of generating a viable habitat for high-
density communities at low cost.
OVERVIEW
• In 1988, the City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) invited Raj Rewal to develop plans for units of
low

• cost housing in Belapur. The complex brief called for the design and construction of over a 1,000 units on a hill-side

• site close to the city’s Central Business District. Drawing inspiration from India’s rich reservoir of traditional and
vernacular architecture (a recurring feature in his work), Rewal avoided resorting to the typical repetition of
large monolithic blocks characteristic of most examples of mass housing.

• Instead, he created a complex containing a multitude of units and blocks varying in size and configuration (each
catering to different income levels and requirements), that form a part of a larger cohesive ensemble, which
Rewal himself likes to describe as a ‘string of stories woven into the fabric of one major composition’.
OVERVIEW
• Essentially, the brief was broken down into a number of basic unit types or ‘molecules’ that vary in size from
around 20 m2 to 100 m2. Even though these area requirements were fixed by CIDCO, Rewal clearly understood the
value of open space that can augment the rather limited areas of the living

• units themselves. Throughout the design there is an emphasis on creating both private and communal outdoor living
areas through the use of courtyards and by staggering and recessing the mass of living units as they go higher
to create outdoor roof terraces at different levels.

• Another strength of the project lies in the architect’s ability to design several types of living units and blocks
ranging from one-room apartments to three-room duplex townhouses. This was crucial as it allowed different income
level buyers to choose from a variety of options. At the scale of the entire site, the blocks are arranged in ingenious
ways to define seven different types of neighbourhoods. Careful planning also went into ensuring that these
neighbourhoods would be pedestrian friendly on the interior with vehicular traffic limited to their peripheries.
Moreover, clever usage of the contours of the site allowed for a variety of courtyards and narrow shaded streets at
different levels that help provide ample space for interaction and recreation both within and between the
neighbourhoods.
HOUSING AT PARSIK
HILL

BELAPUR
INTRODUCTION
• • The programme requirement of 1048 apartments was varied mostly comprising of one to two room units.

• • The system we designed to create public space, semi-public space and private space.

• • Total site area 9.5 hectors.

• • Total site area 9.5 hectors.

• • Area for school and shopping is about 2 hectors.

• • Construction period 1985 -1996

• • Overall density of 55 units per acre.

• • The unit sizes range from 20 to 100 square meters.

• • A sense of enclosure and continuity of movement is maintained throughout the scheme.

SITE ZONING
TYPES OF HOUSING
SECTORS
STREET NETWORKING MAP
HEIGHT OF BUILDING
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS
 Rough cast plaster punctuated with bands of cheap
handmade tiles was chosen as the building finish
keeping in the mind the meager budget and the
brunt of Mumbai monsoons.

BUILDING Quartzite stone walls at ground level and a

MATERIALS honeycomb lattice on roof defines private open
spaces.

Courtyards are semi-paved

SITE PLAN
 Use of cross wall and grouping of toilets has resulted in cost reduction §
Have attached terraces at upper floor.

The units are arranged in such a way that it creates a network of

courtyards and roof terraces fostering community interaction.

CLUSTER The form of every block is different and it is patterned in different

formations based on the typology of the site, to create squares and
pathways.

A sense of enclosure and continuity of movement is maintained

throughout the scheme.throughout the scheme.

The division of site is accentuated by different types of building blocks

designed on the basis of dwelling unit areas.
A-20 sq. m B-25 sq. m C-34 sq. m D-40 sq. m E-50 sq. m F-70 sq. m H-90 sq. m
CLUSTER A1 B1 & C1
CLUSTER A2
CLUSTER A3
CLUSTER B2 & C2
CLUSTER E2 & D2
CLUSTER F1
CLUSTER F2
CLUSTER H1
 OPEN STAIRCASES REDUCE COVERED AREA OF
CIRCULATION TO MINIMUM. INCONVENIENT DURING
RAINY SEASON.

PARKING SPACE SINCE IT WAS BUILD FOR LOWEST

ARCHITECTURAL INCOME GROUP

FEATURES
THE ARCHITECT ASSUMED THAT THE NECESSITY OF
PARKING SPACE WOULD BE BARE MINIMUM.

CHILDREN'S PLAY AREAS CHILDREN'S PLAY AREA WAS

NOT PROVIDED.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

• VEHICULAR CIRCULATION THE INTERNAL SPACES ARE FREE FROM VEHICULAR

TRAFFIC WIDTH OF VEHICULAR ROAD =6M

• PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION WIDTH OF PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY = 3M THE CREATION

OF THE TRADITIONAL NARROW STREET , LINKING ALL HOUSING UNITS, PROVIDES
INTIMATE ENCOUNTERSUNITS, PROVIDES INTIMATE ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN PEOPLE
AND A SENSE OF BELONGING TO THE NEIGHBOURHOOD SQUARE.

• COURTYARDS THE INTERLOCKING COURTYARDS ACCOMMODATE DIFFERENT

FUNCTIONS AND CREATE A MICRO CLIMATE WITHIN THE SITE.
SEMI- PUBLIC COURTYARDS ARE DIFFUSED LIGHT AND
DEFINED BY PAVED FOOTPATHS AND SHADED PATHWAYS ARE AN
CONSTANTLY CHANGING LEVELS. IMPORTANT FEATURE OF INTERNAL
SPACES.
THE CHANGES IN THE BUILDINGS OVER TIME
POSITIVE POINTS NEGATIVE POINTS

• PRESENCE OF OPEN COURTYARDS,

• ABSENCE OF MARKETS AND HOSPITALS IS
PARKING SPACES GIVING A FEELING OF
THE MAJOR CONCERNS OF THE
OPENESS. THESE SPACES ALSO HELPS A
RESIDENTS AS THEY HAVE TO TRAVEL ALL
GREAT DEAL IN THE VENTILLATION.
THE WAY TO NERUL FOR EMERGENCIES.
• TREES PLANTED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE
• LEAKAGE ISSUES DURING THE MONSOONS
STREETS CREATE A CANOPY FOR THE
AND SECURITY ARE THE OTHER WOES OF
RESIDENTS TO WALK UNDER.
THE RESIDENTS. • OPENINGS SUCH AS
• THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO BUILDINGS BALCONIES ARE WELL-PLANNED, SO AS TO
AT SOME PLACES WAS BARELY 3 MTRS. PROVIDE GOOD LIGHTING AND
WHICH RESTRICTEDSO AS TO PROVIDE
• THE NEGETIVE SPACES CRESTED DUE TO
GOOD LIGHTING AND VENTILLATION.
THE ARRANGEMENT OF BUILDINGS WERE
PLACES WAS BARELY 3 MTRS. WHICH
MADE GREEN SPACES
RESTRICTED LIGHT AND VENTILATION.
POSITIVE POINTS NEGATIVE POINTS

• THE ELDERLY OR HANDICAPPED

• RETAINING THE CONTOUR
FACED PROBLEMS DUE TO THE NO.
LAND,HELPED IN THE DRAINAGE
OF STEPS AND NO RAMPS
AND ALSO AVOIDED WATER
AVAILABLE .
LOGGING PROBLEMS
• THE GARAGE SPACE ALLOTED TO
• THE PARSIK HILLS, BEHIND THE
THE ROW HOUSES WERE
COLONY, CREATS A PICTURESQUE
CONVERTED TO STORE ROOMS DUE
VIEW.
TO WHICH THE CARS HAD TO
PARKED ON THE ROADS.
incremental housing
belapur
Belapur Housing by Charles Correa

• the incremental Belapur Housing. Belapur is located in Thane district,

then just on the fringes of Navi Mumbai. It is a node in Nerul, some two
kilometres from the centre of New Bombay.

• The site area of 5.4 hectares was developed to house 500 people (about
100 families) per hectare. Work on the project began in 1983, taking
three years to complete, with the first residents moving in by 1986.
CONCEPT
• The project has a single principle at its roots: an individual plot for each dwelling to allow for
future expansion as and when necessary.

• The scheme was designed to cater to a variety of income groups: lower, middle, and upper.
Though the range of income groups is wide (a ratio of 1:5) the plot sizes vary less, from 45
sqm to 75 sqm. Initially, Ar. Correa wanted the same plot size for all, but that had to be
modified due to affordability and rules of lending agencies.

• Each house has its own plot and shares no common wall with its neighbour, allowing for it to
have its own small open space. This is beneficial in two ways: a sense of individuality even in a
dense community and for expansion as and how seen fit by the owners. This was commended
as a feature of good contemporary planning.
PLANNING
• The overall development is low-rise high density, in-keeping with most of
Correa’s other low-cost housing projects. There are five types of dwellings
designed according to plot size, the smallest being just a single room with a
toilet, and the most elaborate a two-storeyed tenement. The houses have no
common walls, but the toilets of two neighbouring dwellings do, for ease of
plumbing services.
Five types of dwellings were designed based on plot sizes varying from 45sqm to 75 sqm
_©Charles Correa Associates
PLANNING

• Here, too, Charles Correa ingeniously uses his trademark hierarchical open spaces to create a sense
of home and community. The smallest open space is the individual yard of each house. Seven
dwellings are grouped around an intimate courtyard of about 8m x 8m.

• Three such clusters come together around a larger space of about 12 m x 12 m. Three of these
clusters combine around the largest community space of 21m x 21 m. The community spaces open
out to a seasonal stream (nullah) flowing through the centre of the site which also carries the
stormwater during rains.
Hierarchical open spaces
PLANNING

• All the units are arranged such that one house can abut the
boundaries of two others. No windows are placed on those sides
to maintain the privacy of the residents. All the units are built in
load-bearing masonry, plastered and painted. The structure was
kept simple so that the houses can be constructed even by local
unskilled labourers, giving them employment.
AESTHETIC
• The overall feel of the settlement is that of a quaint village, with small close-set white-washed
houses topped with Mangalore tiles. The front yards are paved with Shahabad, the most
popular stones used in angans.

• The brilliance of Correa’s planning, especially for housing, is always that it is easy to
understand but very difficult to come up with. Belapur housing makes a statement which
combines the principles that Correa believed to be most important in housing: incrementality,
open-to-sky spaces, equity and a strong sense of community.

• The movement within the development is entirely pedestrian, with parking spaces allotted on
the fringes. The open spaces flow from small court to large community space with ease.
 However, the Belapur of today is very different from what it was in
the 80s. it is now a prominent business district. The trend of high-
rise housing schemes has caught up with it. Considering this
scenario, the low-rise dense settlement might seem like it is taking
up way too much space and sheltering not nearly enough people.

THE PROJECT There is hardly any space for car parking in an age where even low-
income families have at least two two-wheelers. Being an

TODAY incremental housing scheme, it is expected that the owners would

make changes as needed. However, the requirements increased
drastically which led to many houses being remodelled or rebuilt.

The residents themselves did not want the ‘village’ feel. If we see
Belapur housing today, it seems to be teetering on the wrong edge
of sophisticated low-cost housing and shabby haphazard growth.
 Does this mean that the scheme is obsolete in the current context? No,
because Charles Correa carefully analyzed the requirements of the then
suburb and came up with the most effective solution for that time. And while
Correa could not control how his concept would be changed by users several
years later, the overall feel of the space is still intact—a result of great
planning.

THE PROJECT In today’s age of ‘compact’ and ‘space-saving homes’, there are ample open
and green spaces right in the middle of a bustling city. The community spirit

TODAY still prevails in the residents of Belapur incremental housing, despite today’s
apartment culture promoting people to be locked inside their own little
boxes. And that is the success of Ar. Correa.

No one could have visualised the growth spurt that hit Mumbai in the past
four decades. The city continues to grow and change. No one can really
predict how a city is going to be just a decade later. The best the architects
and the users, the citizens at large, can do is adapt, and try to make their great
city also a great place.
The settlement today has grown to be very different from the 1980s
Design.I.Y Housing
LONAVLA
INTRODUCTION
• The project in Lonavala is an attempt to see if this is possible to enable in housing and that too in a
developer driven model.

• Homeowners get to choose from a range of sizes and configurations from a 1.5 BHK to a 5BHK, a variety of
types within a size, locations, floors, a choice of walk ups, internal stairs, railings, screens, windows, toilet
layouts, tiles etc.

• The particular combination that each one chooses allows one to individualize their home to reflect their
own identity.

• To make it all manageable and executable, it is regulated with a limited palette of choices such that certain
efficiencies of mass housing are possible through repetition.
INTRODUCTION
• Started with the idea, that what one really needs is an open adaptable space with good height, a Verandah and a
patch of green with the open sky above.

• Smallest module was of 40sq.m- a good room width of 11’6″ and extruded that into a tube of 30 feet long with a
garden attached at one end.

• Raised the height to 14’6”, which allowed for a small loft to be added in the center of the space, which could
become a “free” half bedroom that could accommodate children, an extra grandparent.

• This then became a basic module, which was used to design all the units in the whole scheme, eventually
encompassing 8 different types of homes along with shops and offices in the amenities block.