W0LLEGA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGE STUDIS AND JOURNALISM

DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION

Assessing the role of female journalists in case of Fana broadcasting corporate

Nekemte FM 96.1.

A senior Essay Submitted to Collage of Social Science and Language Department

of Journalism and Communication for a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
Bachelor of Art (BA) Degree in
BY: NEGESA ADUGNA KENENSA

Adviser: YARED DESALENG

JUN, 2008 E.C

WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA

 Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to say thanks to GOD for the charity, kindness and generousness of the
almighty GOD for keeping my life and upraise to him all the time

Next I would like to express my gratitude to my adviser YARED DESALEGN for his valuable
advice, comment and suggestion about my senior essay.

My deepest and warmest gratitude also goes to my family, especially my mother; she gives to me
unforgettable help in my life and my family, for her support in the whole process of academic
success.

Abstract
The research is conduct in Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 with the theme of
assessing the role of female journalists. To achieve required level of development in one country
the role of female is very important because, they are one part of the society.

This research shows the role of female journalists in Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM
96.1. For the collection of data, interview and focus group discussion were used. The method
researcher used is qualitative analysis method. Target population of the study area was Fana
broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 journalists, the researcher taken six respondents for the
group discussion based on this method of data collection and analyze, the researcher bring the
major findings that are, female journalists who are working in Fana broadcasting corporate
Nekemte FM 96.1 respect their profession, they keep the editorial policy of the station, the team
spirit of females is positive. Female journalists shall improve their skill by participating on
different issues which is necessary for their job, share knowledge and experience with in and
with other female journalists are recommendation of the researcher.

Table of content

Pages

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………i

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………ii

Table of contents………………………………………………………………………………iii

CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….1
1.1 Background of the study………………………………………………………….1

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 1.2 Statement of the problem………………………………………………………….2
1.3 Objective of the study…………………………………………………………….2

1.3.1 General objective……………………………………………………………2

1.3.2 Specific objective……………………………………………………………3

1.4 Research question…………………………………………………………………...3

1.5 Significance of the study……………………………………………………………3

1.6 Scope of the study…………………………………………………………………...3

1.7 Limitation of the study………………………………………………………………4

1.8 Organization of the study……………………………………………………………4

CHAPTER TWO

2. Review of related literature………………………………………………………………..5

2.1 Media industry…………………………………………………………………….5
2.2 Radio………………………………………………………………………………6
2.3 Media personnel………………………………………………...............................7
2.4 Reporter……………………………………………………………………………7
2.5 Editor………………………………………………………………………………8
2.6 Producer…………………………………………………………………………...8
2.7 Females in media………………………………………………………………….9
2.8 Females used as medium to attract consumers……………………………………9

CHAPTER THREE

3. Methodology of the study……………………………………………………………….11

3.1 Research method…………………………………………………………………11
3.2 Data collection method…………………………………………………………..11
3.3 Interview…………………………………………………………………………11
3.4 Focus group discussion…………………………………………………………..12
3.5 Sampling method………………………………………………………………...12
3.6 Presentation and analysis method………………………………………………..12

CHAPTER FOUR

4 data presentation and analysis………………………………………………………………….13

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4.1 in depth interview …………………………………………………………………………...13

4.1.1 Female journalists capability …………………………………………………….13

4.1.2 Female journalists team spirit ……………………………………………………13

4.1.3 The special role of female journalists…………………………………………….13

4.1.4 The ways that the station uses to motivate ………………………………………14

4.1.5 The strong side of female journalists in FBC…………………………………….14

4.1.6 The weak side of female journalists in FBC……………………………………...14

4.1.6 The way to increase female journalists …………………………………………..15

4.2 analysis of focus group discussion…………………………………………………………...15

4.2.1 Work position, experience, time…………………………………………………...15

4.2.2 The relationship with male colloquies……………………………………………..15

4.2.3 The motive in gathering information……………………………………………..16

4.2.4 Means of motivating female journalists………………………………………….16

4.2.5 Female journalists participation…………………………………………………16

CHAPTER FIVE

5 conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………...18

5.1 recommendation…………………………………………………………………………….19

References

Appendix

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CHAPTER ONE

1- Introduction

1.1 Back ground of the study

Broadcast media are the power full tools for the transfer of information concepts and ideas to
both general and specific audience. Among them radio is one of the most important means of
medium. It enables people send words, music, cods and other signal to any part of the world.
(http://www.world book.com)

Radio is referred to as blind medium but it can stimulate the imagination of listeners. it has no
boundaries for each millions of audience that are live in different geographical area and also
radio needs strict discipline by the part of the listeners so, the person who write or produce news
and other programs must be sure to attract and hold the listeners full attention.(Ibid)

In our country Ethiopia radio station was established in 1935 around nefasselk, Akaki sub-city.
In this time Italian invaded Ethiopia. But after some kind of pressure the Ethiopian solid areas
wrecked the installation immediately to prevent the use of the station by Italians, when the
Italians forced out they dismantled the broadcasting facilities to prevent Ethiopian citizens from
listening to any news broadcast or programs. In 1941 regular radio broadcasting begins and the
program was simply a daily news, music, and government announcement. (www.ethiopian mass
media profile accessed on December 2014).

In 1960, for the first time, international broadcasting transmission has started to Europe, West
Africa and Middle East. The name of the radio was radio Addis Ababa; the language used by the
station in that time was French and English language to address west and North West countries.
And it also used Arabic language to address North Africa and Middle East country. (Ibid).

In Ethiopia there are a number of radio stations. Among them radio Fana is the one, radio Fana
was established in 1987 E.C and it is a corporation media the station starts its work by the
language of Amharic and Oromifa in 38kmw and also the station has captured significant
portion of urban population. In addition to this, the station attracts the people and catch attention.
After some times, the station start its transmission in Afarigna and Somaligna but its circulation
is only in Addis Ababa. (www.fanabc.com 2014, accessed on December 2014).

In 1999 E.C was the time that radio Fana programs are expand and its importance for the society
increase very much. In 2001 E.C the station reshapes itself and changes its name into Fana
Broadcasting corporate. And the station expands its transmission start its work in different
towns. (Ibid)

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Now a day this station is one of the biggest corporations able to rear in 12 regional state of
Ethiopia. Like Gonder, Adiss Ababa, Dessie, Haromiya, Shashemene, Wolayitasodo, Mekelle,
Debrebrhan, Asela, Mizanaman, and Jimma and also in it continuously opens the station in
Nekemte. When we compare this station with others, this station is the most profitable station but
its revenue is only advertisement and air selling. (Ibid)

Female journalists are playing a crucial role on mass media means they serve the media as a
reporter, editor, director, and on other different job they tries to do on the place they are
assigned. On this research the researcher tries to study the role of female journalists in case of
Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1.

1.2 Statement of the problem

For a given society, to achieve required level of development, the involvement of females is very
important. Therefore, achieving sustainable development in one’s country needs equal chance in
every aspect of development activities for females.

Now a day, Fana broadcasting corporate is the modern radio station in Ethiopia and also it
transmits its station around the country. Therefore, the researcher believes that to build one’s
station the role of females is very important or essential but in this station the numbers of female
employees are lower than males, also they have high responsibility at home, so the researcher
needs to conduct this research to know and assess their role in this modern station. In this study
the researcher will tries to investigate the general role of female journalists in case of Fana
broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1.

1.3 Objective of study

1.3.1 General objective of the study

The main objective of the study is assessing the role of female journalist’s Fana broadcasting
corporate Nekemte FM 96.1.

1.3.2 Specific objective of the study

 Assessing the role of Fana broadcasting corporate in motivating female journalists.
 Identifying the position of female journalists of Fana broadcasting corporate in Nekemte
station.
 Identifying weak and strong side of the station in treating female journalists

1.4 Research questions

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  What is the role of Fana broadcasting corporate in motivating female journalists?
 What is the position of female journalists of Fana broadcasting corporate
Nekemte FM 96.1 ?
 What is the weak and strong side of the station female journalists on their work?

1.5 Significance of the study

This study have significant for the management of the station, women journalists association
since they use it as a guide, it will signify by recommending the major possible measurements
that has to be taken to provide solution for the major drawbacks in Fana broadcasting corporate
Nekemte FM 96.1 and the students those conduct further studies similar to this topic also
advantageous by the result of this paper.

1.6 Scope of the study

This study limited to Fana broadcasting corporate in Nekemte. Because assessing the whole
radio stations of Fana broadcasting corporate needs human resource, time and money. Therefore,
this study talks about female journalists only that is work for Fana broadcasting corporate
Nekemte FM 96.1.

1.7 Limitation of the study

The study mainly focuses on Fana broadcasting corporate in Nekemte. So even if there is
financial, time limitation, high bureaucracy to get the list of employees from the administrator,
the researcher complete the research with in patient.

1.8 Organization of the study

This research paper will contain five chapters. The first chapter (introduction) includes
background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, methodology of the
study, scope of the study and organization of the study. The second chapter deals about literature
review. Third chapter deals about methodology of the study. The forth chapter deals about data
presentation and analysis and finally, conclusion and recommendation will put at chapter five.

CHAPTER TWO

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2 Review of related literature

2.1 Media industry

The media industry can be wondered full entertainers bring together huge audiences otherwise it
cannot be possible. All most all mass media have an entertainment component, although no
medium is wholly entertainment most of the media industries are a mix of information and
entertainment and also persuasion, with in different media there are specialist tasks for journalist.

In large media industry much as in other industries the large media companies are growing in
size and purchase, or manage with their compotators. In the United States media properties are
among the most attractive properties to both potential investors and buyers. Media in both news
and entertainments forms have become a key segment of the American economy. The media
industry in producing high visibility, high profits and major items for export to other countries.
In large media industry also the journalist may specialize in only one task (Croteav and Hoynes,
2000).

Journalists work in many of life, finding and presenting information. However, journalist
principal as men and women who, present through information as news to the audience and of
news papers, magazines, radio or television station or the internet. In small organization, each
journalist may have so many different tasks (http;//www.newscareer.com, accessed on March,
2015).

All of us know that there are a large numbers of people who cannot read or write. Such people
may not be able to read a news paper, but they can watch television. Anyone with a television, a
receiver can access the information shown on television. This makes it an ideal medium to
transmit massage to a large audience. In a country like ours, with huge illiterate population, this
characteristic of television makes it an ideal instrument for transmitting social massages.
Television also has need to large amount of machinery and expertise needed to run a television
station. We can write articles and stories and drew our own pictures. All we need will be paper,
pen, drawing instrument and time.

However, a television program can never be made this easily. It requires lots of money,
machinery and experienced people. Broadcast media in general and Television in particular
involves complex technology and organization; we will need corers of rupees to start a television
station (http;//newscareer.com accessed on March 2015).

Radio stations vary greatly in the size and complexity of their staff. However, they have a certain
basic functions in administrative (payroll, accounting and purchasing), technical (engineering,
transmitter, operation maintenances ), programming (local news, music playlists, network or
indicated programs, promotion of programs), and scales (local scales, relation with national with

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national and regional scale firms). While most of these have traditionally been done locally with
at least a small with the growth of ownership groups, a number of these functions are
increasingly done by a centralized group staff. This covers a number of stations (Straubhaar and
Larose, 2006).

The radio industry is part of the creative industries, which is represented by creative skill set.
This include; advertising, animation, computer games, corporate and commercial production,
fashion and textiles, film, interactive media, photo imaging, publishing, radio and television,
radio industry is becoming challenging as audio content can be distributed through arrange of
plat forms as media and telecommunications are converging across the broad independent
stations and other companies are shared broadly among four sub – sectors, including; BBC radio
(which is publicity funded): around 120 commercial radio groups and independent stations;
around 180 community radio stations; and up to 50 independent radio production companies.
The industry characterized by a small number of large radio groups and a large number of small
groups and dent stations (http://www.careers service. Direct. Gov, u …; accessed on march
2015).

2.1 Radio
Many people know the name of Marconi and attribute the invention of radio to him. It is
probably more accurate to say that Guglimo Marconi discovered a way to manipulate and exploit
radio frequency energy. Marconi was actually one of many experimenters who were trying to
send signals through the air thus the name wireless. The actual roots of radio can be traced back
to the early 1800’s when Michael Faraday that was in England and Joseph Hennery that was in
America developed the history of inductance. These theories said all electrical current flowing
through one wire could create or induce a current to flow in a separate wire on December 12,
1901; Marconi sent a signal from st.johns new found land to Poldhu, England. It consisted only
of the letter sent in telegraphic code but it was the first transatlantic broadcast of an
electromagnetic signal or radio wave.

Interest in radio began to grow (http:www.Angle/fire.com1./hist.httm: accessed on March, 2015).

Radio broadcasting defined as using radio waves to send transmissions to a large audience, who
will listen to the transmission through radio. The definition of radio broadcasting can be
expanded by examining radio waves, radio transmitter and receiver. The radio broadcasting
industry creates and license content to play on radio stations. Which are received by radio wave
(http://www.ehow.com, accessed on March 2015).

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2.2 Media personnel
The media cover a wide and divers range of occupations from journalists in print, broadcast and
new media, to designers in art and textiles, and to entertainers’ in various performance art fields,
as well as technical broadcasting and management related jobs. There are so many different jobs
in journalism which is difficult to list all of them all here. These are some of the jobs that the
journalists do:-

2.2.1 Reporter
Reporters play an active role in gathering information on current events. A large portion of their
day is spent investigating news before sending it in as a story. Some work as a correspondent in
official located for from head office. The sent to the place that important events are likely to
happen (http://www.skanu.com/careers/news-reporter,accessed on March 2015).

Reporters sometimes work in a specific beat that fits with their writing talent. A beat is media
term for the area or topic a journalists covers. Like crime, politics sports, business etc. They may
work in one or several beats a time depending on the size of news organization. Generally, there
are two kinds of news papers that reporters work for-dailies and weeklies, reporters for dailies
usually have less time to find and report the news. They may work in only one beat. Reporters
for weeklies have more time to do their research and typically have to cover several beats at a
time (http://www.skanu.com/career/news-reporter,accessed on March 2015).

Television and radio reporters usually have less time to write and edit than those in the news
paper department. The news is often broadcasted immediately after or during an event. Reporters
in this area learn very quickly how to convert information they receive in to news clips suitable
for broadcasting (http://www.skanu.com/career/news-reporter,accessed on March 2015).

2.2.2 Editor
The editor is usually the person who makes the final decision about what is included in news
paper, magazine or news bulletins. He or she is responsible for all the content and all the
journalists. Editors may have deputies and assistants to help them
(http://www.thenewsmanual.net,accessed on March 2015).

The news editor is the person in charge of the news journalist. In small organizations, the news
editor may make all the decisions above what stories the cover and who will do the work. In
larger organizations, the news editor may have a deputy; often called the chief of staff’s whose
special job is to assign reporters to the stories selected (http://www.thenewsmanual.net, accessed
on March2015).

Sub editor take the stories written by reporters and put them in to a form which suits the special
needs of their particular news paper, magazines, bulletin or web page, sub –editors do not usually

6
gather information them solves. Their job is to concentrate on how the story can best the
presented to their audience. They are often called subs. Sub editors concentrate on editing other
people’s work they correct any grammar mistakes, sometimes write the headlines and make sure
the publication has a consistent style. In many places subeditors are an angered species and
journalists are increasingly expected to get it right first time because there is no safety net
(http://www.journalismcareers.cm/journalists,accessed on March2015).

2.2.3 Producer
The producer is the person who makes sure things goes smoothly, which pretty much means
sitting around and watching in movie.

They plan, administer and review activities concerned which artistic activities including
publishing, production of films, televisions and radio programs; theatre’s music and festival.
They determine artistic policies for performing arts organizations, prepare and present news,
sports and other information, and conduct interviews and introduce music, performances and
special events on radio and television. (http://www.newscareer.com,accessed on March 2015).

A radio producer oversees the making of a radio show. There are two main types of producer. An
audio or creative producer and a content producer, Audio producers create sounds and audio
specifically, content producer oversee and orchestrate a radio show or feature. The content
producer might organize music choice, gust, caller for talk radio or competitions, things, and
over all show content. They also may produce recorded content, from shows to radio
commercials and commercial hampers. In many radio stations clusters (regional group of
stations) have their own production director who may oversee any of the responsibility daily.
Most large radio groups have their own in-house creative production team, who produce audio
for more than one station across the group, or even across a county
(http://www.prospects.ac.uk/radio-producer.htm,accessed on March 2015).

2.3 Female’s in media

The history of women in journalism, in United States and UK, reveals that women have been
primary valued either as individual consumers of or, better yet, as a collective market for news.
They acted as a reserve army of labor in journalism’s history in both the United States and the
UK. Women’s employment in journalism has surged during moments of crisis or innovation
across the new media industry. Thus, news organizations were essentially faced to recruit women
during the first and the second world wars to fill gaps in new rooms left by men who interred in
military. Many women forced to leave their war time positions when the men returned. At other
times, editors, have hired women to and glamour, novelty or frivolity, and there by attract

7
desirable audiences. They were recruited as gimmicks when new styles or new trends in
journalism were introduced. Such as the new journalism of the 1880’s and have been drawn on
as novelties in more recent contexts such as war reporting and in the ‘’magazine style’’ of post
modern news journalism common today. Over history, then, women have struggled to be taken
seriously as professional journalists (chamber, Steiner and faming, 2004).

Individual women have succeeded in establishing themselves as credible journalists reporting on

serious issues. They are producing intelligent, useful, important stories about international
diplomacy, economic and financial trends, and technological and scientific innovations. They
were investigating military abuses, corporate fraud and the down sides of bioengineering.
‘’Femaleness’’ is no longer on automatic disadvantage in the reporting world. Although many
women journalists find the child care responsibilities continue to be a considerable burden that
few man share. Yet women remain a minority within the decision-making positions across the
news media (Ibid).

2.3.1 Female’s used as medium to attract consumers

Females have usually been used as on attractive item in media. Taking a look at all the
advertisements around us, 99% of them include women. We see women in bike ad, and shelling
cream ad!!! It’s just amazing that how media is using the female sex to promote their products;
be its product advertisement, daily use product or any children advertisement, one thing is
common in every advertisement is women. The exploitation of female in the media has become
common, particularly in advertising that most people fails to get outrage or even notice it any
more (http://www.polpak.blogspot.com,accessed on March 2015).

Today women are being glamorized a lot. Looking at Bollywood and Hollywood movies female
is being portrayed as the eye candy for the viewers. They are depicted in roles which no longer
exist in young teenagers today have a greet exposure to media and they learn and try to copy
from it. So the slim and trim figures of actresses, models and other celebrities send messages to
those naïve minds to be like them. And these young teenagers in order to gain social
appreciation, risk their health for the sake of slim bodies. Aside from the above facts media today
also shows that females are no longer the dependant ones. Females today are equal to men and
they have the capabilities to stand and walk side by side with males in every field, be it
household, decisions, professional’s field, or personal life, women’s role is equal to men
(http://www.polpack.blogspot.com,accessed on March 2015).

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

This chapter deals with the methodology of the study. It incorporates methods of data collection,
data sampling and data analysis methods. The main concern of this research is assessing the role
of female journalists in case of Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 based on
individual interview and focus group discussion. Taking this in to consideration, qualitative
method is employed in the study. This chapter deals on how the data are gathered as well as how
the data are represent and analyzed. It tells what sampling method applied in this research.

3.1 Research method

In this research qualitative method is applied. Qualitative method needs explanation about things
by using words.

3.1.2 Qualitative method

Qualitative research is the strategy of research that is constructed usually emphasized word
rather than quantification in collection and analysis of data (Bryman.A. (2004).

3.2 Data collection method

The researcher use primary sources of data. The necessary collected the data through interview
and questionnaire.

3.2.1 Interview
An interview is a series of questions and answers, usually exchange between two people that has
the purpose of getting and understanding information about subject and topic (Hybles, Weaver 2,
2007). It is essentially a hybrid of one to one approach. The most important advantage is it
provides detail information for the questions that are raised by the researcher and also it provides
more accurate responses on sensitive issues. The researcher use both structured and unstructured
types of interview.

3.2.2 Focus group discussion

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Focus groups have become a valued and frequently used tool for collecting qualitative data.
Focus groups gather information and insight on a predetermined subject from a small group of
participants using a trained facilitator. The interaction between group members becomes an

explicit part of the method. (Jennifer Dawson 2007)

3.3 Sampling method

Regarding the sample selection, the researcher uses purposive sampling method. This sampling
method is form of non-probability sampling in which decisions concerning the individuals to be
included in the sample are taken by the researcher, based upon a variety of criteria which may
include specialist knowledge of the research issue, or capacity and willingness to participate in
the research. (P Oliver - 2010 ).

3.4 presentation and analysis methods

The researcher collected data by using interview and focus group discussion, to present it the
researcher uses qualitative method of data analysis. Because, the data that has been collected
from interview and focus group discussion shall be present in statement and explanation form.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4. Data Presentation and Analysis

This chapter deals with presentation and analysis of data obtained through interview and focus
group discussion. The researcher conduct interview with the person that is in the position to deal
about the issue. And group discussion with 6 female journalists that are working in Fana
broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1. This helps the researcher to get detail and necessary
information about the study.

4.1 An in-depth Interview with the manager of FBC Nekemte FM 96.1

For the effectiveness of this study an interview conducted face to face with the manager Ato
Meseret Tadesse at Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1. And the interview themes
summarized as follows;-

4.1.1 Female journalist’s capability in producing current issues program

The manager said that, female journalists are active in producing program and in planning for the
future program. They are also better than male in taking responsibility for ones activity. Not only
this but also they respect the station deadline. But, there is a gap in both sex in creating new
ideas and that gap is wide in females. From this the researcher understands female journalists
who are working in this station are active role on different issues.

4.1.2 Female journalist’s team sprit

According to the manager, female journalists have no a problem to work with their male
colleague and with one another, because they are young and there is smooth relationship between
them, they easily understand one another. They active in team working; they do what is expect
from them. This implies that female journalists are very flexible and very active in creating
smooth relation with their colloquies.

4.1.3 The special role of female journalists in Fana broadcasting corporate

The manager says, FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 treats both sexes equally; there is nothing that
initiates to say male contribute that and female contribute these alone, because they do what is
expect from them.

But in making the working atmosphere good, the roles of females are higher than males. As the
manager, the mass media especially in radio station females should be involved, using females
are very important because the mass media use them as ingredient for the programs. In other way

11
the active role of them in media make them role model for other females who listen them in their
home.

4.1.4 The ways that the station uses to motivate female journalists
According to the manager of Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 94.8, to motivate female
journalists FBC provides or gives equal responsibility with male; there is no work that is
specifically taken by a certain sex, both sex do their responsibilities equally and to gate higher
level of position in the station; the station provides training for them. The station also tries to
motivate them by providing comfortable work environment with equipments and also the station
tries to promote them.

This indicates the researcher that Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 tries to
motivate female journalists to rich in higher position but it is not success full because, it opposes
what the researcher gets information from the group discussion means on the group discussion
female journalist who is reach on higher position is only one.

4.1.5 The strong side of female journalists in Fana broadcasting corporate

Nekemte FM 96.1:-
According to the manager of Fana broadcasting corporate, the strong side of female journalists is
that they respect their profession, keep the editorial policy of the station than male journalists and
tries to do better in the place the editor assigned them.

This implies that female journalists who are working in Fana broadcasting corporate are likes
their profession that makes them very interesting in their job.

4.1.6 The weak side of female journalists in FBC Nekemte FM 96.1:-

the manager of Fana broadcasting corporate says, female journalists that are working on Fana
broadcasting corporate has lack of self confident but this can be improved by training. He
believed that, the reason behind the problem is, because there is no training that is provide for
females to fill this gap and female journalists life is the same as others. So, when they have
finished their duty in the station, they also get other responsibility in their house. This may make
them weak.

4.1.7 The way to increase female journalists in mass media industry

According to the manager of Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1, the number of
females is few not only in mass media industry but also in other working places, their number is
very few when it compare with male.

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He said that, to solve this problem the people should give equal chance with male. The
appreciation should starts from their families. Families should give equal opportunities like their
brothers. When females get a chance to come to a job that means their number became increase
in working places.

4.2 Analysis of focus group discussion

This is part of this study that describes the information for the research. The information
obtained from six journalists of FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 through focus group discussion by
creating two groups within three members.

4.2.1 Work position, work experience and the station work time
From those six respondents only one of them is senior reporter and the others are reporters. This
implies that very few females only reached to the higher position of media personnel in FBC
Nekemte FM 96.1. All the respondents have around 1-5 years work experience. This indicates
that all of female journalists that are work in FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 have not much experience
on the job. The respondents keep the station work time and of them do not keep the work time.
This implies that female journalists that are work in Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM
96.1 punctuate for their work as well as they are interested on their job.

4.2.2 The relationship with male colleagues

From those six respondents of female journalists of FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 five of them have
good relationship with their male colleagues and one of the respondents has no good relationship
with their male colleagues. As the manager response female journalists have no a problem to
work with their male colleague and with one another, because they are young and there is
smooth relationship between them, they easily understand one another. This implies that female
journalists have good relationship with their male colleagues in FBC Nekemte FM 96.1.

4.2.3 The motive in gathering information and in producing current issue

programs:-
Even if those journalists do their jobs depending on the editorial policy of the station, the issues
and the public interest four of them are courageous in gathering information in producing
programs. The remains are do it just because of they are assigned. This implies that most female
journalists of FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 are interested in producing programs regarding current

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issues. And the others do their job depending on the editorial policy of the situation, depending
on the issues and public interest and by other related reason. As the manager said so, female
journalists are active in producing program and in planning for the future program. They are also
better than male in taking responsibility for ones activity. Not only this but also they respect the
station deadline.

4.2.4 Means of motivating and empowering female journalists in FBC

Nekemte FM 96.1:-
The station motivates them to do their work effectively, this implies that the station motivates
female journalists to do their work well but many of female journalists are not got that
opportunity. the station motivates female journalists by giving award, by salary increment and by
giving higher level of job position, and by giving training, and by providing proper materials and
by approaching friendly. This implies that the station motivates female journalists by using
different techniques but that motivation not addresses all most all of female journalists. As the
manager said so Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 tries to motivate female
journalists to rich in higher position. But it is not success full because, it opposes what the
researcher gets information from the group discussion means on the group discussion female
journalist who is reach on higher position is only one.

4.2.5 Female journalist’s role and the interest to serve in this station
Female journalists work in FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 role by implementing the organization aim,
by producing a good program and news that are very necessary for the society. In making the
working atmosphere good, the roles of females are higher than males. As the manager said so,
the mass media especially in radio station females should be involved, using females are very
important because the mass media use them as ingredient for the programs. This implies that
most of female journalists who are working in FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 are active role in this
station.

And according to FBC Nekemte FM 96.1 female journalists feedback they have the interest to
serve the station in the future. The reason behind their interest to serve the station is, the station
motivates them to do their work effectively, and working environment of the station is
comfortable to stay in this station

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5. Conclusions
In this study the researcher tried to assess the role of female journalists in the case of Fana
broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1.

The initial point of this research highly concentrated to cover all the role of female journalists
who are working in Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1. In this study the researcher

15
brings different questions that are related to the role of female journalists and how the role of the
station called Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 in motivating female journalists to
do their work effectively and also in the study the researcher assessed and identified as well as
showed the strength and weakness of female journalists.

The researcher tried to develop the idea of this study using different literature to provide detail
information; the researcher observed the work place of female journalists and discussed with
them and conduct interview with the manager of Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1.

Based on the interview and the focus group discussion result of this study, female journalists are
very active in producing current issue program and in planning for the future program, they also
better than male colloquies in taking responsibility. The team spirit of female journalists is more
positive than male and they have smooth relationship with male colloquies and with one other.
The special role of female journalists is their ability to make the working atmosphere good. But,
most of the time whole journalists that are working in Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM
96.1 do only what is expected from them.

The station motivates female journalists by offering equal responsibility with male, to get higher
level of position like the one who is assistant editor in the station the stations provide training for
them and also motivate them by providing comfortable work environment. But most female
journalists are not got the opportunity. Female journalists who are working in Fana broadcasting
corporate Nekemte FM 96.1 are respecting their profession. They keep the editorial policy of the
station but they have lack of self confident. To solve this problem, providing training is very
important and also to increase their number on mass media industry, create special opportunity is
vital.

5.1 Recommendations
From the finding of this research, the researcher has recommended the following points.

 Female journalists have lack of self confident; to avoid this they shall improve their skill
by role on different issues which is necessary for their job.
 The station shall tries to create opportunities for female journalists to reach on higher
position.

16
  The station shall encourage female journalists by using different techniques of motivation
such as, special training, giving reward. Those things are applied by the station but not
enough means it shall apply properly.
 Female journalists shall share their knowledge or experience with in and with other
female journalists who are working in Fana broadcasting corporate Nekemte FM 96.1.

R
eference Bryman.A.
(2004). Social research method, 2nd Edi. Oxford university: London

 Crateav D. and Hoynes W. (2000). Media, society, industries and audience,

second edition. Pine Frong press:
 Chamber D. et al. (2004). Women and journalism. Routledge: London
 Jennifer Dawson. (2007). The health journal. MC Master university:
Unpublished
 Russ Buchanan. (1990). Midnight Graffiti Magazine. California state
university: Unpublished
 Straubhear J. and Larose R. (2002). Media now, 3rd Edi. Clark boxer:

Internet sources
 http://www.nation careers service.direct.gov,accessed on march,2015
 http://www.gradireland.com,accessed on march, 2015
 http://www.Angle (fire.com/../histoch.httm,accessed on march,2015
 http://www.ehow.com,accessed on march 2015
 http://www.polpak.blogspot.com,accessedon
March, 2015
 http://www.ethiopean,mass media profile(1996).com, accessed on
December 2014
 http://www.fanabc.com accessed on December 2014

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Appendix A

Interview questions for the manager of FBC Nekemte FM 96.1

1. What is the capability of female journalists in producing programs regarding current

issues?
2. What seems female journalist’s team sprit?
3. What special roles of female journalists are playing in the staff?
4. Is the station motivating female journalists? In what way?
5. What is the strong and weak side of female journalists in this station?
6. What are the ways to increase female journalists in mass media industry?

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 APPENDIX B
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Part one

1. Educational back ground

2. Position in this station
3. Your Work experience
Part two
1. Do you have a good relationship with your male colloquies? Why?
2. Does u have the interest to serve in this station? Why?
3. What seems like your courage in gathering information or in producing program
regarding current events?
4. Are you keeping the station work time?
5. Is the station empower female journalists to do their work effectively?
6. What are the ways that your employers use to motivate you?
7. Indicate things that you contribute for this station?

RESPONDENTS

NAME SEX AGE POSITION

Meseret Tadesse M 30 Manager
Helen Birhane F 26 Assistant editor
Elsabet Kassa F 31 Advance reporter 2
Zayid Tesfaye F 25 Advance reporter 1
Emebet Hilemaryam F 25 Advance reporter 1
Fana Negash F 23 Reporter 1

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