ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Technological University of the Philippines

College of Industrial Technology
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
Manila

Agdamag, John Christian A. April 3, 2022

Name: _____________________ Date: ___________________
BET-MECT 2A
Course, Yr. & Sec.: _____________ Monday, 12:00 pm – 3:00
Schedule: ________________
Mrs. Sherlie Bunag
Instructor: __________________ pm
Rating:

Transistor as a Delay Switch

I. Objectives:
This exercise should enable the student to:

 Realize a switching delay, using a transistor

 Explain the function of a stairway lighting circuit.
 Calculate the time delay to off the circuit.

II. Circuit Diagram:

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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III. Equipment

Name Qty.
Function generator with integral AC/DC power supply 1
Digital multimeter 1
Dual trace oscilloscope including probes 1
Test lead adapters, BNC / 4 mm 2
Universal panel 1
Capacitor, 100 µF 1
Capacitor, 470 µF 2
Resistor, 10 Ω 1
Resistor, 47 Ω 1
Resistor, 2.2 KΩ 1
Resistor, 47 KΩ 1
Resistor, 100 KΩ 1
Single-pole push-button switch 1
Lamp, 15V red 1
Transistor, BC107 1
Transistor, BC140 1
Set of connection cables 1
Connection plugs (jumpers) 2 mm / 7.5 mm

IV. Procedure:

1. Assemble the circuit shown in the diagram.

Ensure that the correct transistors are used.

2. The values of RX and CX on the circuit, are given in the table below.
Use the given combinations of R and C and for each combination, measure the time
constraint for the lamp to switch off after operating the switch. Use stopwatch to
measure the time.

RX
CX 47 KΩ 100 KΩ 147 KΩ

100 µF 00:03.48 00:05.45 00:06.72

470 µF 00:14.41 00:19.37 00:25.34

940 µF 00:30.86 00:50.65 01:07.07

Simulation:

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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47 KΩ, 100 µF

47 KΩ, 470 µF

47 KΩ, 940 µF

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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100 KΩ, 100 µF

100 KΩ, 470 µF

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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100 KΩ, 940 µF

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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147 KΩ, 100 µF

147 KΩ, 470 µF

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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147 KΩ, 940 µF

 What are the functions of the transistors, T1 and T2 in this exercise?

The capacitor Cx is initially uncharged, and the switch S1 is turned off. It signifies
that no current is flowing to the transistor's base and that the lamp is turned off.
When we press the S1 button, the capacitor Cx begins to charge. The capacitor's
charge rate is determined by the resistor Rx. The slower the capacitor charges,
the higher the Rx resistance. A voltage divider is implemented by the resistor-
capacitor (RC) filter. The voltage across the capacitor rises as the capacitor
charges. It indicates that the more charged the capacitor is, the more voltage is
applied to the transistor's base. The voltage provided to the transistor's base
eventually rises to the point where it can open the transistor. The transistor
begins to conduct current, and the lamp turns on. The delay can be adjusted by
changing the capacitance of the capacitor Cx and the resistance of the variable
resistor Rx.

 What is the purpose of 100 Ω resistor connected in series with the switch S?

Resistors protect components from voltage spikes and guarantee that they receive
the right voltage by creating a voltage dip. A certain voltage is required for each
component in an electrical circuit, such as a light or a switch. A resistor will
provide a voltage drop if a component demands less voltage than the remainder
of the circuit, ensuring that the component does not receive too much electricity.
A voltage drop is created by slowing down, or resisting, electrons as they try to
pass through a resistor. A component may be destroyed or fail to perform
properly if it receives too much voltage.

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch

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V. Conclusion

We may conclude from this action that a transistor can be used as a delay switch,
also that adjusting the resistance and capacitance can adjust the delay time of the
lamp turning off after the switch is shut off. When the lamp's resistance and
capacitance are both increased, the lamp's time constraint for turning off after
the switch is shut off is also increased. However, if the resistance and capacitance
both drop at the same time, the time it takes for the lamp to turn off is reduced.

SDB Transistor as a Delay Switch