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Reading 1

1. Papyrus fragment is a small part that comes from the pith of the papytus plant found
in Egypt and used as the best source for the study oh Hellenistic Egypt.
2. papyrus is material for making paper, and from paper we can make pulp to make a
craft that can be used as scientific goods, or display
3. because of the possibility that people in ancient times needed a media that could be
used to protect something, like writing, it could also have been used as a mat
4. gives more accurate picture of ancient recorded texts
5. ancient Egyptians business affairs,personal latters,religious
6. consonance
7. amusig
8. the greatest depository of knowledge in the ancient world
9. One of the most important papyrus discoveries of recent years was the revelation in
2011 that a scrap of papyrus that had been discarded and used to wrap a mummy
contained 110 previously unknown epigrams (short, witty poems) by the Hellenistic
poet Posiddipus (ca.280-240 B.C.).
10.

 a papyrus scrap that had been discarded and used to enfold the mummy
 Literary sensibilities of early Hellenistic egypt
 Short, witty poems
 Reading 2

11. The water temperature nearer to newfoundland is cooler since it is closer to the
Lambrador Current, further south of newfoundland however is warmer since it is
where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream met the cold waters of the Labrador
Current.
12. Because it is contained with small sea creatures that area feed from the minerals on
the shallow ocean floor. this createed an abundance of small sea creatures which
become food the the fishes, such as cod
13. Assembling or amass
14. In the 11th century boats from the ports of the northwestern Europe arrived to fish
the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entries Newfoundland economy
was based on European arriving, catching fish for a few months in the summer, and
then taking fish back to European markets.
15. It can be inferred as Immigrants coming to settle down in Newfoundland area,
whether to establish a a permanent community, or simply fishcatching for trading
and economical purposes.
16. The fished and merchanrts work alongside each other to make sure the tradition of
fishcatching continue. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out
for more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants
provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the
island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt
and dependence on the merchants
17. Because Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about
was cod, and Cod is the main commodity for the economy at that time.
18. Because an international treaty in 1997 set a 200 – mile offshore fishing limit, the
Canadian government decided to build and make a modern Grand Banks fleet
fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again.
19. 1930s : Cod fail to support fisheries

1970s : Set an offshore fishing limit of 200 miles

1980s : the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent
prices in the market

1990s : Canadian government responds by closing the Grand Banks

20. Offshore fishing refers to any type of fishing done more than 9 miles from the shore
line