Bee Forage Plant Final

Bee Forage Plants
Zone Wise
Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC

Bee Forage Plants
North Zone

Enumeration of sources of bee forage for Northern Zone of India
Trade Name Kashmiri Himachal Punjabi Haryana Habit Flowering Bee Forage
Family / Botanical Name Period1 Value2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Acanthaceae
Adhatoda zealanica Medik. Malabar nut Brankad Basuti Bassoti Arusha Shrub 4-11 N3P2
Barleria cristata L. Bajradanti Tadrelu Kala bansa Shrub 11-3 N2P1
Justicia betonica L. Bankas Herb 10-4 N2P2
Justicia procumbens L. Bankas Herb 8-10 N2P2
Lepedagathis hyaline Nees Akhra Shrub 10-2 N1P1
Rungia repens Nees Rungia Kharmor Herb 7-8 N3P3
Ruelllia tuberosa L. Herb 6-11 N2P2

Strobilanthus wallichi Shrub 8-10 N1P1
Thunbergia alata Black-Eyed- Climber 1-3 N3P2
vitae,
Thunbergia grandiflora Mulluta Kanesi Climber 1-3 N3P2
Thunbergia coccinea Climber 12-3 N3P2
Aceraceae
Acer acuminatum Great maple Tree 3-4 N3P3
Acer caesium Wall. Ex Great maple Kinar Kainju Trekhan Tree 3-5 N3P3
Brandis
Acer oblongum Wall. Ex DC Himalayan Pangoi Tree 2-4 N2P2
maple
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.
2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen;

1 = major and important source; 2 = source of normal importance; 3 = source of minor importance.
1
©Copyright of CBRTI, KVIC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Acer negundo L. Ash- leaved Tree 3-5 N2P2
maple
Acer cappadocium Gleditsch Maple tree Kainjili Kanjar Kilpattar Tree 3-4 N3P3
Agavaceae
Agave americana L. Century plant Kantala Bara Wilayati Bans keora Shrub 9-11 N3P3
kanwar kaitalu
Polianthus tuberosa L. Tube rose Gulchari Gulshabb Herb 1-12 P1
o
Yucca filamentosa L. Adam’s 6-9 N2P2
needle
Aizoaceae
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Galijeru, Gadabani Herb 1-12 N2P2
Alangiaceae
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Ankol, Small tree 3-6 N2P2
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L. Prickly chaff Puthkanda Chirchira Latjira Herb 1-12 N2P2
flower
Aerva javanica Juss. Dholimundi Kamheda Boi- kalan Dholimundi Herb 7-3 N2P1
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.ex Giojihra Kanchari Herb 1-12 N2P1
DC
Amaranthus paniculatus L. Amaranth Chua Bathu Chaulai Herb 6-7 N2P2
Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranth Kataili Herb 7-12 N2P1
Chaulai
Amaranthus cruentus L. Golden Herb 7-12 N2P1
Amaranth
Celosia argentea L. Quil Grass Ciryara Sarwali Sil Herb 8-9 N2P2
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss Jhojhru Chirehatta Bhurat Shrub 7-1 N2P1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
Anacardiaceae
Buchanania lanzan Spr. Calumpang Charoli Chironji Piyar Tree 1-5 N2P3
nut
Holigarna spp. Black Tree 1-3 N2P3
varnish
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Jhingan, Kaimbal Pechka Kehm bal Mohin Tree 2-5 N2P2
Merr.
Mangifera indica L. Mango Am Amb Tree 3-4 N2P3
Rhus javanica Sumac tree Tree 9-10 N3P3
Rhus verniciflua Stokes Japanese Arkhol Choklu Holashi Small tree 5-6 N1P1
varnish tree
Rhus Wallichi Hook.f. Kambal Harku Kambal gadambal Tree 4-5 N2P2
Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Marking nut Bhela Bhilawa Tree 6-7 N2P3
Spondias pinnata (L.f.)Kurz. Konda Bahamb Ambara Tree 2-3 N2P2
mamidi
Apiaceae
Apium graveolens Celery Shalari Ajmud Herb 3-4 P2
Bunium persicum Kalazeera Kalazeer Herb 2-3 N1P1
a
Carum capticum Carum Jawind Ajwain Ajowan Herb 11-1 N1P2
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Brahmi Brahma Khulakhu Herb 4-11 N1P3
manduki di
Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander Dhaniya Dhanya Dhanya Herb 3-4 N1P1
Daucus carota L. Carrot Carrot Gajar Gajar Herb 3-5 N2P3
Foeniculum vulgare Min Fennel Saunf Herb 8-9 N3P3
Heracleum wallichii DC Hogweed Herb 5-7 N3P3
Pimpinella diversifolia D.C Lady's lace Saunf Sawonf Badian Herb 6-9 N3P2
Apocynaceae
Carissa carandas L. Karaunda Karaunda Karaunda Shrub 4-5 N2P2
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) Syamalata Garna Kalidudhi Siamalat 6-12 N2P3
W.T.Aiton a
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3
Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Indigo plant Indrajau Mitha Tree 3-6 N1P3
Indrajau
Araliaceae
Schefflera Venulosa Harms Dain Kath- Kur-semul Karbot Climb-ng 3-5 N1P3
semul semul shrub
Schefflera octophylla. Small tree 10-1 N1P3
Arecaceae
Phoenix dactylifera L. Date palm, Khajur Tree 1-12 N2P3
Khajur
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb Wild date Tree 12-2 N2P3
Phoenix humalis Royle Dwarf date Tree 2-3 N1P3
palm
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias curassavica L. Milkweed Kakatundi Shrub 4-6 N2P2
Calotropis gigantea (L.)R.Br.ex Arka Ak Arka Shrub N2P1
Ait
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzodies L. Ageratum Bakari Gumdrya Herb 2-11 N3P3
abish
Artemisia maritima L. Mugwort Tethwan Nagadauna Herb 8-10 N3P3
Aster spp. Star-wort Khatai Herb 10-11 N3P3
Bellis perennis L. Daisy Herb 6-10 N2P1
Bidens pilosa L. Spanish Kumber Kokadi Herb 9-12 N3P2
needle
Calendula arvensis L. Field Calendula Zergul Herb 2-4 N3P3
marigold
Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees China Aster Aster Herb 4-5 N2P1
Carduus onopardiodes Fisch Musk Kond posh Kalbir Herb 5-8 N2P2
Thistles
Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower Kusum Kusumbha Karrah Herb 2-3 N2P2
Centaurea cyanus L. Corn flower Krotz kond Herb 2-4 N2P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4
Cichorium intybius L. Chicory Herb 5-8 N2P2
Cirsium spp. Field Thistle Bhuan Herb 4-6 N2P2
Thistles
Coreopsis drummondii Torr. & Coreopsis Herb 6-10 N2P2
Gray
Cosmos spp. Cosmos Cosmos Kasmas Herb 9-11 N3P2
Cyathocline purpurea (Don) Bongagra, Herb 1-12 N2P2
O.Ktze. chota gunja
Dahlia spp. Dahlia Thakoli Bithua Herb 6-1 N2P1
Echinops echinatus Roxb. Globe Karyunshi Gokru Utakanta Herb 5-6 N3P3
Thistle
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Bhringaraj Bhangra, Herb 1-12 N2P2
Eupatorium odoratum L. Through- Herb 4-5 N2P3
wort
Guizotia abyssinica Cass. Niger, Kalatil Ramtil Herb 9-11 N1P1
kalatil
Helianthus annuus L. Sunflower Gule aftab Herb 1-12 N1P1
Inula racemosaD.C. Inula Poshkar Herb 9-2 N2P2
Mikania scanens Willd. Mikania Climber 3-4 N2P3
Parthenium hysterophorus L. Parthenium Gajar Herb 1-12 NP3
grass
Senecio spp. Ragwort Herb 6-9 N3P3
Solidago canadensis L. Golden rod Herb 9-10 N2P3
Sonchus spp. Sow Thistle Dudhli Sahadevi Herb 6-10 N3P3
Sphaeranthus indicus L. Bodasaram, Mundi Khamadru ghundi Herb 11-5 N2P1
sitadori s
Tagetus erecta L. African Genda gultera Tangla mentok Herb 7-10 N3P3
Marigold
Tagetus minuta L Stinking- Herb 6-1 N3P3
Roger
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5
Tagetus patula L. French Genda Genda Herb 6-10 N3P3
Marigold
Taraxacum officinale Weber Dandelion Handh Kanphul Dudli Radaml Herb 3-8 N2P2
Tridax procumbens L. Mexican Gokhru Bankora Herb 1-12 N2P2
daisy
Tussilago farfara L. Coltsfoot Fanjuim Watpan Herb 4-6 N3P3
Vernonia spp Iron weed Sahadevi Herb 6-9 N1P2
Xanthium stromatum L. Burweed Tsur Adhasisi Chirchitta Tsuru Herb 3-6 N3P1
Zinnia spp. Zinnia Kalawiyuth Herb 6-10 N1P1
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens spp. Balsam Halu, Tilgra Bantil Trual Herb 8-9 N1P2
Troole
Berberidaceae
Berberis aristata DC. Indian Kashmal Chotra, Rasaut Shrub 4-6 N2P2
barberry
Berberis asiatica Roxb Barberry Kilmora Kingora Shrub 3-5 N2P1
Berberis lycium Royle Barberry Chatroi’ Kashmal Kirmora Shrub 4-6 N2P1
Kave dach
Betulaceae
Alnus nepalensis D.Dun Indian Alder Utis Koni Tree 9-11 N3P2
Alnus nitida Endl. Utis Champ kul Kunish Sharol Tree 9-11 N3P2
Corylus colurna Dence Hazelnut Virin Bhotia Thangi Urni Shrub 3-5 P2
badam
Bignoniaceae
Cybistax donnell-smithii Rose Gold tree, Small tree 3-6 NP2
basant rani
Jacranda mimosifolia D.Don Blue Nili gul- Tree 5-7 N2P2
Jacaranda mohar
Campsis grandiflora Trumpet Climber 5-8 N3 P3
Vine
Oroxylum indicum Vent. Pampini Ulu Tatpimga Small tree 4-6 N3P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
6
Bixaceae
Xylosma longifolium Clos Arnatto, Chirandi Small tree 11-12 N2P3
Bombacaceae
Bombax ceiba L. Red silk Simbal Kiki Semal Pagun Tree 2-3 N1P1
cotton tree
Boraginaceae
Borago officinalis Borage Herb 2-9 N1P1
Cynoglosum amabile Herb 7-8 N1P2
Echium vulgare Blue Thistle Herb 3-4 N3P2
Ehertia acuminata Ivory wood Punyan Nalshuna Punna Puran Herb 3-4 N3P2
Brassicaceae
Brassica campestris. Var rapa Mustard Turnip Herb 3-4 N2P2
Brassica compestris L. var. Black Toria Herb 10-12 N2P2
dichotoma Sarsoo
Brassica compestris L. Yellow Sarsoon Herb 10-3 N2P2
var. Sarson Sarsoo
Brassica juncea (L) Czern. Indian Asal rai laha Herb 2-3 N2P2
mustard
Brassica napus L. Rape Sarsoon Pila Sarsoon Pila Herb 12-3 N1P1
var.glauca OE Schulz sarsoon sarsoon
Brassica napus L. Rape Toria Lutni Lahi Kali Herb 12-3 N1P1
var.toria Duthie &Fuller Triya sarsoon
Brassica nigra L. True Banarasi Herb 1-2 N2P2
Mustard rai
Brassica oleracea var capitata L. Cabbage Ganth Gobi Herb 2-3 N2P3
gobi
Brassica oleracea var botrytis L. Cauliflower Phulgobhi Phulgobi Phulgobi Phulgobi Herb 2-3 N2P3
Brassica rapa L. Turnip Shaljum thipper Gonglu Shalgom Herb 1-2 N2P2
Cardamine spp. Cuckoo Herb 1-2 N2P2
flower
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7
Eruca sativa Mill. Rocket Seoha Tara mira Assu Jimba Herb 2-3 N1P1
salad
Raphanus sativus L. Radish Muj Muli Mula Muri Herb 2-3 N1P1
Budaliceae
Buddleia asiatica White Bhati Bana Neemda Tree 2-4 N2P3
Butterfly bush
Budaliaceae
Buddleia asiatica. White Bana Bhati Tree 2-3 N2P3
dammar
Cactaceae
Opuntia elator Mill Prickly pear Nagphana Chhitarthor Shrub 2-3 N2P2
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchan Khairwal Tree 9-12 N2P3
Bauhinia variegata Wt. Geranium Kachnar Karail Kanchar Tree 2-4 N2P3
tree
Bauhinia vahli Wt. Camel's foot Taur Tree 3-5 N2P3
climber
Cassia fistula. Indian Bankora Amaltas girimalah Tree 4-7 N3P3
laburnum
Cassia occidentalis L. Negro Kasondi Herb 11-3 N2P3
coffee
Cassia tora L. Chakunda Panevar Herb 8-12 N3P3
Caesalpinia crista (L.) Roxb. Fever nut Karanju Kat- Shrub 11-4 N3P2
Bonduc nut Karanja
Delonix regia Raf. Gulmohr Tree 5-6 N3P2
Hardwickia binnata Roxb. Anjan Tree 10-12 N2P3
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Jerusalem Parkinsonia Small tree 3-6 N3P2
thorn
Tamarindus indica L. Tamarind Amli Imli Imbli Ambli Tree 3-5 N1P3
Cannabinaceae
Cannabis sativa L. Hemp Bhang Bhang Ganja Charas Herb 6-9 N2P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8
Capparaceae
Capparis hymalensis Hins Tree, 4-5 N3P3
climber
Capparis zeylanica L. Kanthar Ardanda Hins Karvila Tree, 12-4 N3P3
climber
Crataeva religiosa Forst Barna Bama Barna Bilasi Tree 4-5 N2P2
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera angustifolia Wall. ex DC Honey suckle Gulla Philku Mithiga Jinjru Shrub, 5-8 N3P3
climber
Lonicera periclymenum L. Common Gulla Shrub, 5-8 N3P3
Honeysuckle climber
Lonicera Quinquelocularis Hardw. Himalayan Tata bateri Bhati Bakru Phut Shrub, 5-8 N3P3
Honeysuckle climber
Viburnum spp. Vikurum Kulmanch Bathor Richh uklu Guch Shrub 5-6 N3P3
, Kulem
Caricaceae
Carica papaya L. Papaya Papeeta Tree 4-5 N1P2
Caryophyllaceae
Gypsophila cerastioides D. Don Gypsophila Herb 3-4 NP
Celastraceae
Lophopetalum wightianum Arn. Banati Tree 12-2 N2P2
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album L. White goose Shanathu Bethu Herb 3-5, 8- N3P3
foot 10
Spinacia oleracea L Garden Isfanak Palak Valayati Herb 3-5 N3P3
spinach sag
Combretaceae
Anogeissus latifolia Wall. Axle wood, Dhawa Chhal Dhaura Tree 12-1; N2P1
Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth Laurel Asan Chila Sain Tree 5-12 N1P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt.& Arn. Arjun, Arjun Arjan Arjuna Tree 4-6 N1P3
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Belliric Behda Bahera Tree 4-5 N2P3
Myrobalan
Terminalia chebula Retz. Ink nut, hirda Harar Harra Harar Har Tree 5-6 N1P2
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis L. Kanchara Shura Kankowa Herb 6-12 N2P2
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis L. Deer’s Foot Beri Haranpadi Prasarna Weed 4-9 N3P3
Cressa cretica L. Rudravanti Climber 3-9 N3P2
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Amar-Vel Akash- Parasitic, 7-10 P3
bel climber
Ipomoea batatas Lam. Sweet potato Mitha alu Shakarkan Herb 8-11 N2P3
di
Ipomoea pulchella Roth Railway Herb 8-11 N3P3
creeper
Cordiaceae
Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Sebesten Lasora Lasura Tree 3-4 N2P2
plum,
Cucurbitaceae
Benincasa hispida Ash guard Petha Climber 3-5 N2P2
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. Water-melon Hend Climber 4-5 N2P2
wend
Cucumis sativus L. Khira Laer Khira Climber 7-9 N2P2
Cucumis melo L. Melon, Kharbuz Kharbuja Climber 7-9 N2P2
cantaloupe
Cucurbita pepo L. Pumpkin Chapanka Kumra Climber 4-6 N2P2
du
Cucurbita maxima L. Pumpkin Al Lal Kaddu Kadimah Climber 2-4 N2P2
Kumra
Lagenaria siceraria L. Bottle gourd Kaddu Ghiya Lauki Climber 7-9 N2P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb Ribbed Kali tori Kali tori Jhinga tori Climber 5-7 N2P2
gourd
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Round Ghiya tori Climber 5-9 N2P2
gourd
Momordica charantia L. Bitter gourd Karela Kareli Climber 6-9 N1P2
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd Bitter gourd Karela Kaksa Kakaura Kirara Climber 5-10 N1P2
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp. Motha Kaseru Motha Dila Ghass Herb 1-11 P1
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea deltoidea Wall Kins, Singli- Tarar Kniss Climber 6-8 N3P1
Krats mingli
Dioscorea melanophyma Prain Burkill Sohnu Climber 8-12 P1
Dipsacaceae
Dipsacus inermis Teasel Burash Herb 7-10 N3P3
Scabiosa speciosa Royle Scabious Herb 5-7 N2P3
Dipterocarpaceae
Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sal, Saku Sal Seral Tree 3-4 NP1
Ebenaceae
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Beedi leaf Kaindu Hirek Tree 3-4 N1P3
Diospyros tomentosa Roxb Ebony Tendu Kinnu Tree 5-6 N1P3
Ehretiaceae
Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Ivory wood Puna Tree 2-4 N1P2
Ehretia laevis Roxb. Tree 3-4 N1P2
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Oliaster Shiulik Shrub 3-6 N2P2
Elaeagnus Umbellata Thunb. Kulangi Ghain Bamme- Kenkoli Shrub 12-2 N2P2
rawa
Elaeagnus parviflora Wall. ex Royle Ginwai Ghain Shrub 4-5 N2P2
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Rudraksham Rudraksha Tree 9-10 N2P2
Schum
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
11
Ericaceae
Rhododendron arborium Sm.Exot.Bot Alpine rose Kamri Burans Ardawal Mandal Small tree 3-5 N1P2
Euphorbiaceae
Antidesma sp Tessi Amtu Umto Tree 1-10 N3P3
Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Kasi Gondui Ekdania Khaja Tree 6-8 N2P3
Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Euphorbia Thor Danda- Suli Shrub 4-5 N3P3
Thor
Glochidion spp. Kalchia, Sama Pundana Small tree 2-5 NP2
Jatropha curcas L. Physic nut Jangli Japlita Shrub 4-7 N2P2
arandi
Mallotus spp. Kamala dye Kamal Kaimbal Kamal Sinfur Tree 8-11 P1
Phyllanthus acidus (L) Skeels Star Tree 4-6 N2P2
gooseberry
Phyllanthus emblica L. Amla Anula Tree 3-5 N3P2
Ricinus communis L. Castor Erandi Arand Arandi Large shrub 5-8 P2
Sapium insigne Trimen. Moutain Dudla Bilodar Biloja Tree 5-6 NP2
tallow,
Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Chinese Biloza Baloza Tree 6-7 NP2
tallow,
Fabaceae
Atylosia spp. Bajhala, Shrub, 2-7; N3P2
rantur, climber 10-12
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Palas, dhak Palas Prayash Palah Tree 5-9 N2
Cajanus cajan L. Red gram Arhar Arhar Shrub 5-9 N1P2
Cicer arietinum L. Bengal Gram Chana Herb 2 NP2
Gram
Crotoloaria spp. Sannhemp Khip Sis Sissai Under 7-9 NP3
Shrub
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Rose wood, Shisam Tree 1-3 N1P2
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sissoo Shisham Tali Tahil Tree 3-5 N1P2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12
Desmodium oojeinensis. Sandan Panam Sanam Tinsa Small tree 3-4 N1P2
Desmodium elegans D C Mooti Tree 4-6 N1P2
Erythrina suberosa L. Indian Coral Pangra Madar Mandra Tree 3-4 N2P2
tree
Erythrina varietaga L. Coral tree Dadap Mandar Tree 3-6 N2P2
var. orientalis L.
Flemingia spp. Ajhar, Bara- Kussunt Shrub 10-5 N2P2
salpan
Glycine max (L.)Merr. Soyabean Herb 7-8 N3P3
Indigofera spp. Indigofera Kotz Kathi Mothi Shrub 6-8 N2P2
Lathyrus sativus. Grass pea Latril tiuri Kisari Karil Herb 3-6 N2
Lespedeza spp. Lespedeza Mahori Shrub 6-7 N2
Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa Hol Lucerne, Lusan Herb 5-8 N1P2
Melilotus alba desr. White sweet Safed Herb 3-7 N1P2
clover senji
Melilotus indica All. Sweet Banmethi Senji Metha Herb 3-7 N1P2
clover
Melilotus parviflora Common Saiti Herb 2-3 N1P2
melilot
Phaseolus trilobus Ait. Pulses, Trianguli Mugam Herb 2-3 N1P2
Beans
Pisum arvense L. Pea, matar Desi Herb 3-7 N2P2
Matar
Pisum sativum L. Pea, matar Matar Herb 3-7 N2P2
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Indian Karanj Sukhchein Tree 3-6 N1P1
beech,
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Kino tree, Bijasal Bija Tree 3-5 N2P2
Robinia pseudacacia L. Black FalseKiku Kikar - - Tree 4-6 N1P1
locust, r
Smithia spp. Barka Odabrini Herb 3-9 N2P1
Sophora spp. Pagoda tree Brisari Kathi Kun Kohen Tree 6-8 N2P2
13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Trifolium alexandrium L. Egyptian Berseem Herb 4-7 N1P1
clover,
Trifolium pratense L. Red clover Trepatra Chit-batoo Herb 4-7 N2P2
Trifolium repens L. White clover Batak Herb 4-7 N1P2
neur
Trigonella spp. Methi Maithi Herb 6-9 N2P2
Vicia faba L. Broad bean Katun Raj- Bakla Kabli bakla Climber 4-8 N2P1
rawan
Vicia cracca L. Field Bean, Climber 4-8 N2P1
Vigna radiatus (L.) Rwilczek var. Mung bean Mung Herb 1-3 N2P2
chloropermus
Vigna radiatus (L.) Rwilczek var. Blackgram Urd Herb 1-3 N2P2
melanopermus
Fagaceae
Castanea sativa Mill. Sweet Pungaeb Tree 6-7 N2P2
Chestnut Gour
Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Indian Tree 9-10 N2P3
Lindl.)A.DC. Chestnut
Quercus spp. Oak, phaniat ShiddarHu Mohru Bran, Rin Banchar Tree 4-7 N2P3
m Banchar Moru, Shindar
Flacourtiaceae
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Sweet thorn, Bilangra Kangu Kangoo Kanju Tree 9-2 N2P2
Flacourtia sapida Roxb Kangini Tree 9-2 N2P2
Gentianaceae
Gentiana pedicellata Gentiana, Nillkanth Kutki Nilkant Karu Herb 4-7 N3P2
Nymphaea sp.. Blue Water lily Brimposh Chota Nilpadma Bambher Herb 1-12 N3P2
kanwal
Swertia spp. Swertia Karipet Chiretta Herb 8-10 N3P3
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Geraniaceae
Erodium spp. Erodium Herb 4-6 N2P2
Geranium spp. Crane's bill Roel Laljhari Bhand Liljahri Herb 5-7 N3P3
Hippocastanaceae
Aesculus indica Colebr. ex Cambess Horse chestnut Hanudun, Bankhor Kanur Khanor Tree 5-6 N2P2
Hane
Icacinaceae
Apodytes beddomei Mast. Ammemara Tree 11-1 N1P2
Iridaceae
Crocus sativus L. Saffron, Kesar, Herb 9-11 N2P1
Kung
Iris ensata /Iris nepalensis Don Iris Mazar Shalbo Mond, Sosan Herb 4-5 N2P2
Juglandaceae
Juglans regia L. Walnut, akhrot Akhrot Khrot Tree 2-4 N2P2
Doon
Lamiaceae
Anisomeles indica Herb 8-11 N2P2
Elsholtzia spp. Bhinchi Garudar Rangchari Herb 8-11 N2P2
Lamium spp. Dead nettle Herb 4-10 N2P3
Leonurus cardiaca L. Mother wort Herb 6-8 N3P3
Leucas cephalotes Spreng. Phuman Bhuna Chatra GUldoda Herb 8-10 N3P3
Mentha spp. Mint Ven, Jungli Baburi Koshu Herb 7-10 N3
Pudin pudina
Nepeta spp. Catmint Gandh soi Zufa yabis Badranj Herb 5-8 N3P3
Ocimum spp. Basil, tulsi, etc. Gulal Bantulsi Herb 6-9 N3P3
Tulsi
Origanum vulgare L. Marjoram Marzanjos Sathra Herb 7-9 N2P2
h
Plectranthus spp. Plectranthus Solei, Sula Chhichhri Piumar Herb 8-12 N1P2
Pogostemon spp. Ban tulsi, Pacholi Peholi Shrub 7-2 N1P1
15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Rabdosia coesta (Buch.-Ham. ex Kalthunia, shain Shrub 8-11 N1P2
D.Don) Hara
Isodon rugosa Shain, sulah Sloi Chhi- Shrub 8-10 N1P2
chhri
Rosmarinus offinalis L. Rosemary Herb 4-6 N2P2
Salvia spp. Sage Sholar Herb 7-10 N2P2
Stachys spp. Woundwort Herb 6-9 N2P3
Teucrium spp. Wood Sage Herb 8-9 N3P3
Thymus spp. Thyme Javen Pipli Shakei marizha Shrub 5-10 N2P3
Lauraceae
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl. Cinnamon tree Tejpatra Tree 12-3 N2P2
Litsea polyantha Juss. Meda Tree 12-1 N3P3
Litsea spp. Maida, Meda Tree 12-1 N1P1
lakri
Persea spp. Avocado, Tree 12-1 N2P2
Leeaceae
Leea spp. Hansia-dhapan Shrub 3-9 N3P2
Liliaceae
Allium cepa L. Onion Gande Herb 5-6 N3P3
Allium sativum L. Garlic Thom Herb 5-6 N3P3
Pran
Asparagus spp. Shatavari Safed Kleunti, Asparagus Climber 8-11 N2P2
Musli Kelti
Asphodelus tenuifolilus Cav. Piazi Herb 7-10 N3P2
Gloriosa subperba L. Kala lavi, Twiner 7-10 NP2
Linaceae
Linum usitatissimum L. Flax, etc. Linseed Alsi Herb 1-12 N2P1
Loganiaceae
Buddleja spp. Buddleia, Sadraila Shrub 6-9 N2P2
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Loranthaceae
Dendrophthoe falcate (L.f.) Banda, Banda Parand Partial 3-5 N2P2
Ettingshausen stem
Viscum album L. Badanika, Narata parasite 7-11 N2P2
Lythraceae
Cuphea micrantha Kunth Cuphea, Herb 2-11 N2P3
Waxweed
Lagerstroemia indica L. Pride of India, Small 7-9 N2P2
Tree
Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wt. Benteak, nana Tree 3-5 N1P2
Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Nandi, bondar Tree 4-6 N1P2
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Jarul, poo Queen Tree 3-4 N3P2
maruthu flower
Lawsonia inermis L. Henna plant, Mehndi Shrub 3-9 NP1
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Dhaiti, dauri, Dhai Dhavsha Dhawin Jargi Shrub 3-10 N1P2
Malpighiaceae
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Madhavilatha Chopar Endra Madabi lata Liana type 2-4 N2P2
shrub
Malvaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus L. Lady's finger Bhindi Herb 7-9 N3P3
Abutilon spp. Thutti, etc. Kanghi Shrub 1-12 N2P2
Althaea rosea Cav. Hollyhock Herb 6-10 N2P2
Gossypium arboreum L. Cotton Kapas Shrub 7-9 N3P3
Hibiscus cannabinus L. Deccan hemp Herb 7-8 N3P3
Malva sylvestris L. Mallow Soohal Khubasi Herb 6-10 N2P3
Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borssum Bhiumli Herb, 5-10 N3P1
Sida cordifolia L. Kharenti Herb, 8-10 N3P1
Urena spp. Boriyal, Shrub 7-11 N3P2
Martyniaceae
Martynia annua L. Tiger claw Herb 8-11 N2P1
17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica Juss. Margosa Neem Nim Tree 5-9 N2P3
Melia azadirachta. Bead tree Drek Jek, Drek Tree 1-7 N2P2
Bakain
Toona ciliata M. Cedrella Tunsh Tuni Tun Tree 3-6 N1P2
Trichilia cinnaroides (Wt. & Arn.) Korakkadi, kora Small tree 3-4 N3P2
Bent.
Menispermaceae
Coculus laurifolius Diels. Small tree 4-6 N3P1
Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers Gindaru Climber 7-12 P1
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Chintil, gol- Giloe Large 3-6 N3P1
Hd.f.&Thoms. uncha, gunge climber
Mimosaceae
Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Australian Tree 1-5 N2P2
acacia
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Cutch tree, Khair Khair Khair Tree 2-5 N1P2
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Panicled acacia, Reru Tree 8-11 N2P1
safed kikar
Acacia modesta Wall. Phulai Phalahi Tree 3-4 N2P2
Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. sp. indica Babul, kikar Babul Kikar Tree 1-9 N3P2
(Benth.) Bren.
Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv Siris, Siran Safed Siris Tree 3-5 N2P2
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Siris, Kala siris Tree 3-5 N2P2
Mimosa himalayana Gamble Bramble stalk, Kasari, Durghari Shrub 8-12 N1P2
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Shami, jammi Jand Khejra Khar Tree 9-4 N2P2
Prosopis juliflora DC. Misquite, deb Kabuli Vilayati Small tree, 9-3 N1P1
babul, kikar Khejra
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam. Drumstick tree Sohanjna Sohanjna Tree 1-12 N1P2
18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Moraceae
Morus alba L. White Mulberry Tul, Toot Kimu Tut Moru Tree 3-4 P2
Morus nigra L. Black Mulberry Shah tul Tree 3-4 P2
Morus serrata Roxb. Himalayan Kimu Tree 3-4 P2
mulberry
Myrtaceae
Callistemon citrinus(Curt.) Skeels Bottle Brush Small tree 4-5 N2P2
Eucalyptus spp. Eucalyptus Safeda Safeda Safeda Tree 2-4, N1P1
Psidium guajava L. Guava Amrud Tree 5-6 N3P3
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wt. Hill goos-berry, Shrub 4-8 N2P2
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamun Jamun Jamun Tree 5-6 N1P2
Syzygium jamblona (Duthie) Gamble Rose apple Small tree 2-6, N1P1
9-11
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Lotus Padam Kanwal Pamposh Herb 6-8 P1
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia spp. Ghetuti, Herb 1-12 N2P2
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea spp. Water lily, Iilopher Chota Brimposh Herb 1-12 NP1
Kanwal
Oleaceae
Olea europaea L. Olive Tree 5-6; NP1
Oxalidaceae
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Chui mui, Herb 7-12 N2P2
Oxalis spp. Indian sorrel, Khatti buti Maroli Herb 2-6 N3P1
etc.
Papvaraceae
Argemone mexicana L. Pivla Dhotra Bharband Herb 5-7 P3
Maconopsis Poppy Herb 6-8 N3P31
Papaver spp. Poppy Opium Herb 3-4 N3P1
19
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum Herb 7-9 N3P3
Plantaginaceae
Plantago spp. Plantago Gul Baltang Herb 3-9 N2P1
a
Poaceae
Cynodon dactylon L. Dub Joob, Khabal Hariali Herb 5-9 P3
Doob
Oryza spp. Paddy Dhan Dhan Dhan Dhan Herb 9-11 NP3
Panicum spp. Panic Gharam Ghamur Herb 7-11 P1
Pennisetum typhoided Stapf. &Hubb. Spiked Bajra Bajra Bajra Herb 10-11 N3P1
Millet
Sorghum vulgare pers. Pearl millet, Herb 1-12 N2P1
Zea mays L. Maize Bhutta Herb 7-8 P2
Polygalaceae
Polylgala spp. Meradu, Herb 4-8 N3P2
nilk
Polygonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Arn. Railway or Climber 1-12 N1P1
coral
creeper
Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. Buck wheat, Herb 6-9 N1P2
Fagopyrum esculantum Moench Common Trumbe Phaphra Herb 6-9 N1P2
Buck wheat,
Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. Indian Buck Herb 6-9 N1P2
wheat,
Polygonum spp. Polygonum, Tsok ladar Manana Herb 6-9 N2P2
.
Rumex spp. Sorrel, Tsok tsin, Khat- Herb 6-12 N2P2
Dock Abuj marora
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Portulacaceae
Portulaca glandiflora Hook Portulaca Nunar Herb 6-9 N2P1
Primulaceae
Primula spp. Primula Herb 3-6 N3P3
Proteaceae
Grevillea robusta A.Cunn Silver Oak Tree 3-6 N1P1
Punicaceae
Punica granatum L. Pomogranate Daen Danimb Tree 4-5 N2P1
Ranunculaceae
Caltha spp. Marsh Marigold Shrub 4-7 N3P2
Clematis spp. Clematis Agar ranth Bel Climber 3-5 N2P2
kangu
Delphinium ajacis L. Rocket Larkspur Herb 2-3 N2P2
Delphinium Brunonianum Royle Musk Larkspur Herb 2-3 N2P2
Delphinium consolida L. Forking Larkspur Nirbisi Herb 2-3 N2P2
Delphinium elatum L. Candle Larkspur Nibishi Jadwar Herb 2-3 N2P2
Delphinium zalil Aitch. & Hemsl Zalil Larkspur Herb 2-3 N2P2
Ranunculus arvensis L. Butter cup Badailtu Herb 5-6 N3P3
Rhamnaceae
Ventilago spp. Pitti, Kalalag Kalibeli Rktapita Woody 11-3 N2P3
climber
Ziziphhus jujube Mill Chinese Jujube Ber Tree 3-6; 12-2 N1P1
Zizyphhus maurtiana Lamk. Indian Jujube Ber Baer Tree 7-11 N2P2
Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Mill. Jackal Jujube Shrub 1-5 N3P2
Ziziphhus rugosa Lamk. Churna Shrub 1-5 N3P1
Ziziphhus numularia Wild Jujube Kokanber Balah Shrub 4-6 N1P3
Ziziphhus xylocarpus (Reitz.) Willd Kat-ber, Suti Gotti, Chirlu Shrub 3-12 N3P2
Rosaceae
Cydonia oblonga Mill. Quince Bamsutu Amritphala 4-5 N2P2
Eribotrya japonica Lindl. Loquat Tree 2-3 N3P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
21
Fragaria vesca L. Strawberry Ishtabur Herb 4-5 N2P2
Malus domestica Mill. Apple Tsunt Tree 3-4 N1P3
Malus pumile Mill. Apple Tree 3-4 N1P1
Potentilla spp. Silver weed Banakru Shrub 6-8 N1P3
Prinsepia utilis Royle Bekhal Bekhal Shrub 9-11 N1P2
Prunus armeniaca L. Apricot Tsear Khurma Tree 3-4 N1P1
ni Chuli
Prunus amygdalus Batsch. Almond Badam Tree 3-4 N1P1
Prunus avium L. Cherry Gillas Tree 3-4 N2P2
Prunus cerasoides D. Wild Cherry Gurdol Paza Tree 10-11 N2P2
padam
Prunus domestica L. Plum Tree 2-3 N1P1
Prunus pashia Buch-Ham Wild pear Kainth Chopru Kainth Tree 2-3 N1P1
Pyrus persica L. Batsch. Peach Aru Gatheru Tree 2-3 N1P1
Pyrus communis L. Pear Tasang Nakh Tree 2-4 N2P2
Rosa macrophylla L. Rose Gulbari Shrub 3-5 N3P2
Rosa moschata Mill. Wild Rose Krich Peepli Shrub 4-6 N2P1
Rubus biflorus Bunch. Ham.ex Sm. Chanch, Bhasm- Shrub 2-4 N2P2
Raspberry dhoru
Rubus ellipticus Sm. Hinsalu Akhray Heinra Shrub 2-4 N2P2
Rubus idaeus L. European Shrub 9-10 N1P1
Raspberry
Rubus niveus Thunb. Mysore Chhanchh Shrub 6-8 N1P1
Raspberry
Rubus paniculatus Sm. Black Raspberry Shrub 3-5 N1P1
Rubiaceae
Hymenodictyon spp. Kuthan, bhaulan Banthua Tree 6-7 N2P3
Mitragyna parviflora Korth. Kaim, Kadam Kadam Tree 3-5 N3P2
Spermadictylon suaveolens Roxb. Gidesa Shrub 10-3 N2P2
Wendlandia exserta DC. Chaulai smallTree 11-2 N2P1
Wendlandia tinctoria DC. Tula-lodh Pansera Small tree 2-4 N1P1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
22
Rutaceae Small tree
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bael tree, Bilgiri Bael Bel Tree 3-6 N2P1
Atlantia malabarica (Rafin.) Wild lime Small tree 11-1 N2P2
Tanaka
Atlantia racemosa Wt. Small tree 11-1 N2P2
Citrus aurantifolia Swing. Lime Tree 3-4 N1P1
Citrus limettoides L. Sweet lime Tree 3-4 N1P1
Citrus maxima L. Chakotra Tree 3-4 N1P1
Citrus medica limonum L. Citron Khatta Tree 3-4 N1P1
Citrus reticulata L. Manderin Kinnow Tree 3-4 N1P1
Citrus grandis Pumelo Tree 3-4 N1P1
Limonia acidissima L. Wood apple, Bilan Tree 2-3 N2P2
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Curry leaf tree Mitha Kurry Ga Barsanga Shrub 4-5 N3P2
neem patta ndhela
Salicaceae
Populus ciliata Wall. Poplar, Fras Chalun Bahan tilaunja Tree 2-4 N2P2
Salix alba L. White willow Vivir madnu Bis Bhushan Tree 2-3 N2P2
Salix babylonica L. Weeping willow Koshar vir Manju Bisa Bada Tree 2-3 N2P2
Salix caprea L. Goat Willow Pussy Bedmushk 2-3 N1P1
willow
Salix elegans Wall. Ex anderss Willow Bitsu Bida Tree 2-3 N2P2
Salix frogilis L. Kashmir Willow Vir Tilchang Bedmajnu Tree 2-3 N2P2
Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Indian Willow Bins Besu Bain Bitsa Tree 2-3 N2P2
Salix wallichianaI Andress Jungle Willow Geur Laila Bivir Tree 2-3 N2P2
Salvadoraceae
Salvadora oleoides Decne Bahapilu Jhal Tree 3-5 NP2
Salvadora Persica L. Sat Bush, Pilu Tree 3-5 NP2
Mustard tree
Sapindaceae
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Sinatha, Jakhmi, Nokhi mendru Shrub 2-5 N2P2
dali
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
23
Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Longan tree, Dudhi Richni Tree 2-3 N1P3
Nephelium litchi Comb. Litchi Tree 3-4 N1P2
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Soapnut Reetha Doda Tree 10-12 N1P2
Sapotaceae
Aesandra butyracea Roxb. Indian butter tree Tree 2-5 N1P2
Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Mac Butter tree Mowra Mahwa Tree 2-5 N1P2
Br.
Scrophulariaceae
Torenia indica Saldanha Kakopu Herb 8-11 N2P1
Verbascum spp. Bantamakhu, Phulla Herb 1-12 N3P2
jakhmirir
Veronica spp. Brooklime Phulla Herb 1-12 P1
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Tree of hea-ven, Dalli Chatraw Ullinium 5-6 N2P2
la
Solanaceae
Acnistus arborescens Brazil cut Shrub 7-9; 11-2 N2P1
Capsicum frutescens L. Chillie Mirchi Herb 8-10 N2P3
Datura stramonium L. Tharn Apple Datur Safed- Herb 6-9 P3
Dhatura
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill Tomato Tomato Herb 3-10 N3P3
Solanum nigrum L. Black night shade Kach Makoi Herb 10-4 N3P3
mach
Solanum surattense Burm.f Nightshade Herb 1-12 N3P3
Solanum melongana L. Egg plant Wangun Bhanta Herb 6-8 N3P3
Sterculiaceae
Dombeya mastersii Hk.f. Dombeya Shrub 11-1 N2P2
Kleinhovia opospital L. Kleinhovia, Tree 5-9 N2P2
Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudraksha Tree 7-10 N2P3
Helicteres isora L. East Indian Screw Marror Shrub 7-12 N1P3
tree phali
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
24
Symplocaceae
Symplocos paniculata Miq. Saphire Berry Tree 10-5 N2P2
Symplocos sumunita D.doon Pathani lodh Tree 10-5 N2P2
Tamaricaceae
Tamarix spp. Jhau, kori Jhau Tree 5-7; 8-2 N2P2
Theaceae
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze Tea plant Tree 12-3 N2P1
Camellia japonica Linn. Garden camelia Tree 10-12 N2P1
Eurya acuminata DC. Wild osmanthus Tree 9-10 N1P1
Eurya japonica Thunb. Wild osmanthus Tree 9-10 N1P1
Schima wallichii Needle Wood Tree 5-6 N2P2
Thymeliaceae
Daphne oleides Scherb. Daphne Shrub 7-9 N3P3
Lasiosiphon eriocephalus Dcne. Rametha, nunju, Shrub 10-3 N3P2
Tiliaceae
Corchorus spp. Jute plant, banpat Shrub 8-3 N3P2
Grewia glabra Blume Bhemal Tree 12-9 N2P2
Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl Dhaman Dhaman Tree 12-9 N2P2
Tilia spp Lime Boss wood Tree 8-9; N1
Typhaceae
Typha australis Schum. & Thonn Lesser Indian Tall grass 5-7 P1
Reed-mace
Typha elephantine Roxb. Elephant-grass Petz Tall grass 5-7 P1
Typha laxmannii Scented-flag Tall grass 5-7 P1
Ulmaceae
Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Indian elm, Kanju Rajain Khulen Tree 1-6 NP2
Planch.
Trema orientalis Blume Charcoal tree Tree 2-5 N3P3
Urticaceae
Celtis australis L. Khirak Tree 9-11 P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
25
Pilea spp. Gun powder Under tree 9-11 NP2
plant,
Urtica dioca L. Stinging-nettle Soi Bichhu- Shrub 5-10 NP2
buti
Verbenaceae
Caryopteris odorata (Hamilton) Chingari Tree 2-3 N2P3
B.L.Robinson
Gmelina arborea Roxb. Gumhar, sivna Gumhar Tree 11-12 N2P1
Verbena officinalis Linn Vervain Climber 6-7 N1P2
Vitex spp. Bannah Violet Banah Nirgandi Bana Shrub 5-6 N2P2
Violaceae Herb
Viola odorata L. Sweet violet Baunafsha 6-8 N3P3
Vitaceae
Ampelocissus spp. Wild grape Panibel Gidardakh Climber 6-10 N2P2
Cayratia spp. Fox grape Climber 5-10 N2P2
Cissus spp. Vajravalli, etc. Climber 1-12 N2P2
Vitis vinifera L. Grape vine Dachh Climber 5-6 N3P3
Zingiberaceae
Curcuma spp. Trumeric Herb 7-12 N3P2
Hedychium spp. Garland flower Herb 6-12 NP2
Zingiber spp. Ginger, , Herb 6-12 NP3
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L. Land-caltrops Puncturevi Gokhru Herb 1-12 N2P2
ne
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January, 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.

26
Bee Forage Plants
South Zone

Honeybee forage plants of South India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala States)
Flowe- Bee
Family / Botanical Name Kannada Telugu Tamil Malyalam ring Forage
Period Value2
1
Acanthaceae
Acanthus ilicifolius L. Holechudi Alchi Attumulli Chakkaramulli 1-12 N3P2
Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Adusoge Adasaramu Adatho-dai Adalod-agam 4-11 N3P2
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nelaberu Nelavemu Nelavepu Nelavepu 8-12 N2P2
Wall. ex Nees
Asystasia macrocarpa Nees -- -- Meddy keerai Upputhali 6-12 N2P2
Barleria prionitis L. Mullu gorinte Mulla-gorinta Shemuli Shemuli 11-3 N2P1
Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) --- Addasaram --- --- 7-2 N1P1
M.R.&S.M.Alm.
Hygrophila serpyllum (Nees) --- Weed in rice --- --- 7-2 N1P1
T.Anders fields
Justicia betonica L. ---- Tellarantu Velimungil Vellakurungi 10-4 N2P2
Justicia gendarussa L. Karinekkigida Nallavavila Karu-notchi Karunochil 8-10 N2P2
Lepidagathis cristata Willd Karappan Poondu 10-2 N1P1
Phlebophyllum kunthianum --- ---- Kurunji --- 8-12 N1P1
(T.Anders.) Nees
Ruellia tuberosa L. --- Chatapata kayala Tapas kaaya Tapas kaaya 6-11 N2P2
Rungia repens (L.) Nees Kodagasale gida --- Kodaga saleh --- 7-8 N3P3
Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb.ex Indra pushpa --- --- Noorvan valli 1-3 N3P2
Rottl.) Roxb.
Agavaceae
Agave americana L. Bhuttale Kithanara Aanaika-thaalai Panamkattazha 9-11 N3P3
Polianthus tuberosa L. Sugandharaja Sugandharaji Nilasampangi -- 1-12 P1
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January, 2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.
1
Family / Botanical Name 1 Kannada 2 Telugu 3 Tamil 4 Malyalam 5 6 7
Aizoaceae
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Bilikommae Thella galizeru Vellaishaaranai -- 1-12 N2P2
Alangiaceae
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Ankola Udaga Alingi Arinjil 3-6 N2P2
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L. Uttarane Uttareni Nayurivi Katalati 1-12 N2P2
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Bilihindisoppu Pindiconda --- Cherupula 7-3 N2P1
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. Honnagone soppu Ponnaganti Ponnaganni Ponnaganni 1-12 N2P1
ex DC. keeray keeray
Amaranthus caudatusL. Thotakura Sirukiray 6-7 N2P2
Amaranthus spinosus L. Mullu harive Mulla thotakura Mulluk- kerai Kattu-mullen 7-12 N2P1
Celosia argentea L. --- Gorugu --- --- 7-12 N2P2
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. -- -- Adaiotti -- 7-1 N2P1
Amaryllidaceae
Crinum asiaticum L. Visha mungali Kesarchettu Visha mungili -- 5-10 N3P2
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium occidentale L. Geru bija Jeedi mamidi Mindiri Andi Paruppu 1-5 N1P2
Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Nurkal Sara Morala Munga 1-5 N2P3
Holigarna spp. Holigar Biba Karun charei Chrei 1-3 N2P3
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Ajasringi Gumpuni Wodier Odiya 2-5 N2P2
Merr.
Rhus mysorensis Sabale Sitha Sappula -- 2-6 N3P3
Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Cheru Nalla Jeedi Cherang kottei 6-7 N2P3
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Ambatte Konda Mamidi Mari-mangai Ambazham 2-3 N2P2
Apiaceae
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Brhmi Saraswathi Aku Vallarei -- 4-11 N1P3
Coriandrum sativum L. Kothambri Dhaniyalu Kotha malli Kothum palari 3-8 N1P1
Cuminum cyminum L. Jeerige Jeelakarra Siragam -- 2-3 N2P3
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Oma Vaamu Omum Omam 11-1 N1P2
Spragne
2
Apocynaceae
Carissa congesta Wt. Karekayi Vaka Kalakkay -- 4-5 N2P2
Vallaris solanacea (Roth) O.Ktze. Bugadi Madumalati -- -- 12-4 N2P2
Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Bepalle Repala Veypalee Aiyapala 3-6 N1P3
Araliaceae
Schefflera elliptica (Bl.) Harms Bethu Puligoru Moda-kama Modakom 3-5 N1P3
Schefflera wallichiana Harms. Sanna bethu --- --- Modakom 3-5 N1P3
Arecaceae
Areca catechu L. Adike Vakka Pakku Adakka 1-12 N2P2
Borassus flabellifer L. Tale Tadi Panai Pana 1-12 N1P1
Caryota urens L. Bagani Jilluga Tippili Anapana 1-12 N1P3
Cocos nucifera L. Tengu Kobbari Tennai Thenna 1-12 N1P1
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm Oil Palm 1-12 N2P1
Nipa fruticans Thunb. --- Nipamu -- --- 1-12 N2P3
Phoenix humilis Becc.& Hk.f. Sir- icha Konda Etha Malai- icha --- 2-3 N1P3
Phoenix sylvestris Roxb Ichalu Etha Icham Inda 12-2 N2P3
Asclepiadaceae
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Arkagida Jilledu Arkkam Erikku 1-12 N2P1
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. Hamubukalli Konda pala Kulu-toa Somalata 7-12 N2P2
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoides L. Nayitulasi Pumpillu 8-5 N3P3
Artemisia maritima L. Uruvalu Machipattri Machipattri Nilampala 8-10 N3P3
Aster spp. Aster Aster Aster Aster 7-11 N3P3
Carthamus tinctorius L. Kusambe Kusumba Sendurakam Sendurakam 1-2 N2P2
Echinops echinatus Roxb. 5-6 N3P3
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Garagada Galagara Garuga --- 1-12 N2P2
Eupatorium odoratum L. Anai poochadi -- -- -- 7-9 N2P3
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. Gurellu Oliselu Payellu Kadelu 9-11 N1P1
Helianthus annuus L. Suryakanti Poddu thirugudu Suryakanti Suryakanti 1-12 N1P1
3
Solidago canadensis L. Golden rod 6-9 N2P3
Tagetus erecta L. -- Banthi Tulukka Chendumalli 9-12 N3P3
Tagetus minuta L --- Kara banthi --- -- 6-1 N3P3
Tridax procumbens L. Savanthi Gaddi Vettukkaaya 1-12 N2P2
Chemanthi
Vernonia cinerea Sahadevi garittikamma Mukuttipundu Puvankondanthel 3-5 N1P2
Vernonia monosis DC. Shutthi Kadaveri 3-5 N1P2
Xanthium indicum Koen. Maruluummatti Marulamathangi Maruloomatham Maruloomatham 3-6 N3P1
Averrhoaceae
Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola -- -- -- 3-5 N1P2
Avicenniaceae
Avicennia officinalis L. ---- Mada -- -- 8-11 N1P2
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens spp. --- Chilakamukku Kasittumbai Mecchingom 6-9 N1P2
Barringtoniaceae
Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn. Holekauva Kadapa --- -- 4-9 N2P2
Bignoniaceae
Dolichandrone spp. Wudige Udda Katuvarsana Katuvarsana 3-6 N3P2
Heterophragma quadriloculare Becadi Bondgu Bara-kalagoru Bara-kalagoru 1-4 NP2
(Roxb.) K.Schum.
Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Biratumara Karuki Maramalli Katesam 7-9 P2
Oroxylum indicum (L). Vent. Tigdu Pampini Achi Vellapadiri 4-6 N3P2
Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Lujjekaya Patade Patadi --- 3-6 NP2
Stereospermum spp. Kantiruli Pisul Padiri Karingkura 4-6 N3P2
Tabebuia spp. 3-6 NP2
Tecoma spp. Koreneklar Pachagotla Sonapatti -- 3-9 NP2
Bixaceae
Bixa orellana L. Rangumale Jafra Varagumanjal -- 2-4 NP1
Bombacaceae
Adansonia digitata L. Magimavu Buruga Anaipuli --- 4-6 N1P1
4
Bombax ceiba L. Burga Yerra Buruga Elavamaram Ilavu 2-3 N1P1
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Buraga Tella Buruga Panya Ulagamaram 3-5 N1P1
Boraginaceae
Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Chikkacagalle Iriki Naruvili Viri 3-4 N2P2
Cynoglossum ramiflora L. Kanaga Irudbu Irripa 5-9 N3P3
Ehretia laevis Roxb. Kappura Paladatam Addula Chavandi 2-4 N1P2
Trichodesma indicum Rbr. Katttetumbesoppu Guvvagutti Kazhothai- --- 10-12 N3P2
humbai
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea (L) Czern. & --- Sanna Avalu Kadalu Kadugu 12-3 N2P2
Coss.
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Kari-soasivae Chinna avalu Sirukadugu Katuka 3-5 N1P1
Raphanus sativus L. Mullangi Mullangi Mullangi Mullangi 2-3 N1P1
Burseraceae
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Chitta Guggilam Dhupam Guggulu 4-6 N3P2
Colebr.
Canarium strictum Roxb. Manda dhup Guggilam Karung Thellai 3-5 N3P2
kugiliyam
Garuga pinnata Roxb. Halabalagi Garuga Arunelli Annakara 4-5 N3P2
Cactaceae
Opuntia elatior Mill. Papaskalli Naga Jemudu Nagathali Palakakkalli 8-3 N2P2
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchivala Kanchanam Mandarai Chuvanamandaram 9-12 N2P3
Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Banne Are Arai Arampali 3-4 N2P3
Bauhinia vahli Wt. & Arn. Ane-padu Addaku Adda -- 3-5 N2P3
Bauhinia variegata L. Kancha vala Devakanchanam Mantharai Chuvanamandaram 2-4 N2P3
Cassia auriculata L Avarikke Tangedu Avaram Avara 10-5 N2P2
Cassia occidentalis L. ---- Kasintha Nattam Nataram 11-3 N2P3
Cassia tora L. Vanvarika Tantemu Tagarai Takara 8-12 N3P3
5
Caesalpinia crista L. Gajakai Gachha kaya Kazhichikay Kazanchik-kuru 9-12 N3P2
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Kencige Pamidi tangedu Mayi-konnai Settimandaram 1-12 N3P3
Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Sunkatti Sankesulu Vathanarayanan -- 3-4 N3P3
Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hk.) Raf. Doddaratnagandhi Sima sankesulu Mayarum Alasippu 5-6 N3P2
Hadwickia binata Roxb. Kamara Yepi Aaccha Acha 10-12 N2P3
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Kodanchi Sinia tumma -- -- 3-6 N3P2
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) --- Konda Chinta Iyalva Manjalkonnai 3-5 N2P1
Baker ex Heyne
Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth) Badubukalu Korintha, Siki Karindu Koyya 6-12 N3P2
Sant. & Wagh
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Asoka Seetha Ashoka Asoka Asokam 1-4 NP3
Tamarindus indica L. Hunase Chintha Puli Puli 3-5 N1P3
Capparidaceae
Capparis grandis L.f. Revapi Oridonda Nakkuliinjan Waghutty 4-5 N3P3
Capparis zeylanica L. Tottulla Atanada Adondai Wag Govindi 12-4 N3P3
Cleome gynandra L. --- Vamiti Velai Nell Velai 1-12 N1P2
Cleome viscosa L. Nayibela Kuka vamiti Nayikkadugu Ariavila 7-1 N1P2
Crataeva mogna (Lour.) DC Nirvala Uskiman Mavilingam Nirmathalam 12-4 N2P2
Casuarinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sarve Sarivi Savukku Chavukku 2-4 P3
Celastraceae
Lophopetalum wightianum Arn. Banate Balpale Venkottei Venkotta 12-2 N2P2
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album L. -- Pappukura Parupukkirai -- 3-5, 8-10 N3P3
Spinacia oleracea L Spinaksoppu Dumpabachhali Vasayleykiray -- 3-5 N3P3
Clusiaceae
Garcinia indica (Du Petit-Thou.) Murgala -- Murgal -- 3-5 NP1
Choisy
Mammea suriga Kosterm. Suragi Suraponna Nagappu Seraya 3-4 P1
Mesua ferrea L. Nagakesara Nagakesaramu Nangu Nanga 1-4 P1
6
Cochlorspermaceae
Cochlospermum religiosum Alst. Arainaburaga Konda Gogu Kongilam Appakutakka 2-4 N3P2
Combretaceae
Anogueissus latifolia Wall Dindal Chirumanu Vellai-nagai Vella nava 12-1; N2P1
Calycopteris floribunda Poir. Urdu kokundia Pottangi Pillani Pullanji 3-7 N3P3
Combretum ovalifolium Roxb. --- Yedatiga Verragay Pullani 2-4 N3P3
Quisqualis indica L. --- Radha Madhav Rangoon mallikai ---- 3-4 P2
Terminalia bellirica (Gartn.)Roxb. Santi Thandra Thani Thani 4-5 N2P3
Terminalia cattappa L. Taree Badamu Nattu-vadam Badam 2-8 N1P3
Terminalia chebula Retz. Heerda Karakkaya Kadukkai Kadukka 5-6 N1P2
Terminalia crenulata Heyne Matti Nalla Maddi Karu-maruthu Karu marude 4-6 N1P3
Terminalia tomentosa W.et A Banappu Nalla Maddi Karumaruthu --- 4-6 N1P2
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis L. --- Vennadevikura Kanavazhai Kananagakarai 6-12 N2P2
Cyanotis spp. --- Golagandi Nirupalli Vallaipachilai 7-9 N2P1
Tonningia axillaris (L.) O.Ktze. --- Golagandi ---- ---- 7-9 N2P2
Convolvulaceae
Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Bojer Chandra Pala Chandra Pala Samudra pala Samudra pala 6-12 N3P1
Evolvulus alsinoides Vishnu kranti Vishnu kranta Vishnu krandi Vistnaclandi 4-9 N3P3
Cressa cretica L. --- Vuppa puvu --- --- 1-12 N3P2
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb ---- Bangaru tiga Mudillathali Mudillathali 7-10 P3
Cucurbitaceae
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Budagumbala Budidagummadi Pushanikai Kumbalangai 6-10 N2P2
Citrullus lanatus Mats. & Nakai. --- Puccha kaya Thannipuosani --- 4-5 N2P2
Cucumis melo L. --- Kharbujadosa Mulampazham --- 7-9 N2P2
Cucumis sativus L. --- Dosakaya Vellarikkai Vellari 7-9 N2P2
Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam. Kumbalakai Gummadi Parangikayi Mathan 4-6 N2P2
Cucurbita pepo L. --- Gummadi Suraikayai Posani 4-6 N2P2
Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. Halagumbala Sorrakai Shorakkai --- 5-7 N2P2
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Hirekaya Birakaya Pirkankai Pichenga 5-7 N2P2
7
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J. Roem. Tuppahirukai Nethi Bira Mozhuku pirkankai Kattupeechal 5-7 N2P2
Momordica charantia L. Hagal Kakara Pakal Kaippa 5-10 N1P2
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Karlikai Agakara Tholoopavai --- 5-10 N1P2
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Seemebadane -- Seemekattirikaai Chow-Chow 7-11 N2P2
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp. Tungegadde Tunga Korai --- 1-11 P1
Dilleniaceae
Dillenia indica L. Muchiru Pedda kalinga Uva Syalita 3-4 N3P1
Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Kaltega Chinna kalinga Nai-tekku Kodapunna 1-3 N3P1
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. --- Yellagadda Kavalakodi Venilai 6-9 P1
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Nuraigenasu Pendalamu Kattukkillangu Kattukkillangu 8-12 P1
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. Ennamara -- Ennei maram Kalpayin 1-2 NP2
Dipterocarpus bourrdilloni Brandis. -- -- Karanjili Charatanjili 1-2 NP2
Hopea spp. Haiga -- Illapongu Irumbagam 2-4 NP1
Vatteria malabaricum Bl. Dhupa Dhupada Dhupa maram Payin 3-4 NP2
Shorea robusta Gaertn. -- Gugilam Saluvaimaram Talari 2-3 NP1
Ebenaceae
Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh. Karugana Beedi aku Irumballi --- 2-5 N2P2
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Abanasi Nalla tumki Karai Kari 1-4 N1P3
Diospyros paniculata Dalz. -- --- Karunduvari Kari vella 5-6 N1P3
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Hulgi --- Kulangi Kolungi 10-2 N2P2
Elaeagnus kologa Sch. Wild olive --- Kulangai Kolungai 12-2 N2P2
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus sphaericus K. Schum. Bikki Bikki Attangottai Katta kara 9-10 N2P2
Muntingia calabura L. Singapore Singapore -- -- 1-12 N2P2
cherry cherry
8
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Devadaru Devadaru Devadaru Devataru 2-4 N1P2
Euphorbiaceae
Antidesma ghaesemblilla Gaertn Pullampurasi Pullaru Asaripulai Asaripulai 1-10 N3P3
Bischofia javanica Bl. Gobranairul Nalupu mushti Milachatayan Cholavenga 2-3 N3P3
Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Asana Kora maddi Mullu-vengai Mulluvenga 6-8 N2P3
Bridelia stipularis bulume Bisalballi Bontha yepi --- Cheruka 4-5 N3P2
Croton bonplandianum Bail Pichi mirapa Eliamanakku 1-12 N3P2
Drypetes elata Pax & Hoffm --- --- Kona-maram Kona maram 4-5 N3P2
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amalaka Usiri Nelli Nelli 3-5 N3P2
Euphorbia antiquorum L. Mundukalli Pedda jamudu Chadura-kalli Kalli 11-1 N2P2
Excoecaria agallocha L. --- Thilla Thillai Komatti 3-4 N1P2
Glochidion spp. Banda --- Kumbala Nirvetti 2-5 NP2
Hevea brasiliensis Muell.-Arg. Rubber Rubber Rubber Rubber 2-4 N1
Jatropha curcas L. Adaluharlu Nepalamu Kadalamanakku Kattavanakka 6-9 N2P2
Jatropha gossipifolia L. Kariturukaharalu Nela-amida Atalai Sima-yavanakku 1-12 N2P1
Macaranga spp. Uplige Alamanda Vattakanni Vatta 1-3 NP2
Mallotus philipensis MuellArg Kumkumadamara Sinduri Kapli Manjana 8-11 P1
Manihot esculenta Crantz. cassava Karrapendalamu Maravalli Kappa 3-5 N2P2
Melanthesa spp. Bilisuli Devadari Manipullanti Peruniruri 7-8 N2P2
Phyllanthus acidus (L) Skeels Kirunelli Ratsa usiri Ari-nelli Arinelli 4-6 N2P2
Ricinus communis L. Haralu Amudalu Ammanakku Kotta 5-8 P2
Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Meenadabattimaru 5-6 NP2
Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Hooligida Thellapurugudu Veppuliathi --- 7-8 N1P2
Willd.) Baill.
Synadenium grantii Hk.f. African milk bush ---- --- 1-12 N2P3
Fabaceae
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Mutthuga Modhuga Parasa Palas 5-9 N2
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Togare Kandulu Thovaray Thuvara 5-9 N1P2
9
Cicer arietinum L. Kadale Sanagalu Kadalai Kadalai 2 NP2
Crotalaria juncea L. Sanabu Janumu Janupa Tag 7-9 NP3
Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Belaga Errapaccari Erigai Mannavitti 3-5 N1P2
Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Bilugadamara Patsaru Panni-vagai Vettatholi 3-4 N1P2
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Bete Irugudu Itti Veetti 1-3 N1P2
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Agaru Erra sissu Sisu itti Iruvil 3-5 N1P2
Erythrina variegata L. Varjipe Baditha Kaliyanamurukku Kalayanamurikku 3-6 N2P2
Flemingia spp. --- Guidda --- Bodopolasi 10-5 N2P2
Indigofera spp. Karunili Karunili Kataveri ---- 6-8 N2P2
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Avre Anumulu Mochai Mochakotta 9-3 N3P3
Ougeinia oojainensis Hochr. Karimutal Vandanam Naiponai ---
Pisum sativum L. Batani Batani Pattani Pattani 3-7 N2P2
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Honge Ganuga Pungam Punga 3-6 N1P1
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. benga Yegisa Vengai Venga 3-5 N2P2
Pterocarpus santalinus L. Raktachandana Yerrachandanam Chenchandanam Raktachandan 3-5 N2P2
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Agase Avisi Agathi Akatthi 2-4 NP1
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Uddu Minumulu Ulundu Uzhunnu 1-3 N2P2
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek Hesaru Pesalu Pasi-Payaru Cherupayaru 1-3 N2P2
Vigna trilobata (L.) Verde. --- Pillipesara Pani-payaru Ceruvidukol 2-3 N1P2
Vigna unguiculata. Tadagunny Bobberulu Karamani Kottapayuru 2-3 N1P2
Flacourtiaceae
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Bilehuli Kanru Kodikarai -- 11-2 N1P2
Flacourtia Montana Grah. Attak 11-2 N1P2
Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Shamper Talisa patramu Vayankatu Vayankatha 11-2 N2P2
Raeusch. charalu
Flacourtia rammontchi L Herit. Mulluthotti Kanregu Kattukala -- 1-2 N1P2
Flindersiaceae
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Bittula Billu Porasu -- 3-4 N2P2
Gentianaceae
Genetum scandensRoxb. ---- ---- Ana-pendu Nowukatte 4-7 N3P2
10
Guttiferaceae
Mammea longifolia PLanch & Suringi Sura Ponna Sura pinnai -- 3-4 P1
Triana
Lamiaceae
Anisomeles indica (L.) O.Ktze. Karidumbe Mogabiraku Peyameratti Karithumba 8-10 N2P2
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Vantulsi Seema tulasi 10-3 N2P2
Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) R.Br. -- Ranabheri -- -- 10-12 N2P2
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Thumbe Tella tummi Thumbai Thumba 11-3 N3P3
Mentha spp. 7-10 N3
Ocimum basilicum L Kama kasturi Bhutulasi Thirniprupachai --- 6-9 N3P3
Ocimum Sanctum L Vishnu tulasi Tulasi Thulasi Trittavu 6-9 N3P3
Origanum vulgare L. Maruga Maruvamu 7-9 N2P2
Orthosihon glabratus Benth. Nela tappidi Kattu-thrithava 7-12 N2P2
Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. Patchetene Pedda tulasi Kadirpachai Pachila 11-12 N2P3
Lauraceae
Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees Hoggodgimara -- Thali Malavirinji 11-2 N1P1
Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Massi Nara mamidi Yvaranai --- 10-1 N1P1
Nees
Cassytha filiformis L. Akasabali Nulu teega Erumaikkottan Akasavalli 7-4 N3P3
Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Lavanga patte Dalchini Ilayangam Lavangam 12-3 N2P2
Cryptocarya wightiana Thw. Gulimavu ---- Palai Katamampari 11-12 N3P2
Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C.B. -- Narra alagi Mushaippeyetti -- 1-10 N1P1
Robin.
Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. -- Nara mamidi Maidalagadil -- 12-1 N3P3
Lecythidaceae
Careya arborea Roxb. Kaval Kumbi Kolama Peza 2-4 NP2
Couropita guianensis Aubl. Siva lingam Naga lingam 3-5 NP3
Barringtonia racemosa Bl. -- Kademba Samuthra kadappai Samuthracchan
Leeaceae
Leea indica Andilu Anka dora Nalava Erattayani 3-9 N3P2
11
Liliaceae
Allium cepa L. Nirulli Nirulli Vengayam Chuvannaulli 5-6 N3P3
Allium sativum L. Bellulli Velluli Vellaipundu Velluli 5-6 N3P3
Aloe vera Burm.f. Loli-sara Chinnakata Banda Chirukattalli Kumari 3-4 N2P2
Asparagus spp. Majjige-gadde Pilligaddalu Shimaishadavari Shatavali 8-11 N2P2
Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. 7-10 N3P2
Gloriosa subperba L. Agnisikhe Kallapagadda Kallaippaikkishangu Medoni 7-10 NP2
Scilla hyacinthina Mc Br. Kabubellulli Adavi tellagadda Kattuvelvengayam Kanthena 6-9 N3P3
Linaceae
Erythroxylon monogynum Roxb. Devadarum Devdaru Devdaru Chemmana 1-12 N2P1
Loganiaceae
Strychnos nux-vomica L. Hemmush Mushti Itti Kanjirum 2-4 N2P1
Strychnos potatorum L. Chilu Indupa Tetan-kotai Tetran-paral 2-4 N2P1
Loranthaceae
Dendrophthoe falcata Ettings. Badanike Badanika Plavithil Ithil 3-5 N2P2
Lythraceae
Lagerstroemia indica L. -- Chinagoranta Cinappu --- 7-9 N2P2
Lagerstroemia lanceolata Wall. Billi-nandi Ven teku Venthekku Ven-tekke 3-5 N1P2
Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Cheninge Chennangi Peikadukkai Cimanii 4-6 N1P2
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers.. Hole-dasavala Varagogu Kadali Manimaruthu 3-4 N3P2
Lawsonia inermis L. Mayilanchi Goranti Marithondi Malianchi 3-9 NP1
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Tamrapushpi Jeguru --- --- 3-10 N1P2
Malpighiaceae
Aspidopterys indica (Willd.) --- Madhu malathi --- --- 8-12 N2P2
Theob.
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Madavi Madavi latha Madhavalata Sitampu 2-4 N2P2
vasantaduti
12
Malvaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Kasturibende Kasturibenda Varttili Kattukasthuri 7-9 N3P3
Moench.
Gossypium arboreum L. Hathi Pathi Paruthi Paruthi 7-9 N3P3
Hibiscus cannabinus L. Pundi Gongura Pulichai Kanjaru 7-8 N3P3
Kydia calycina Roxb. Bende Konda potri Vendi Velukku 2-4 NP2
Sida acuta Burm.f. Cheruparuva Nela benda Vattatirippi kurunthotti 9-12 N3P1
Sida cordifolia L. Hettuphi Chiru benda Nilatutti Kurunthott 9-12 N3P1
Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland Huvarasi Gangarevi Puvarasam Porassu 1-12 N1P2
Urena lobata L. Otte Peddabenda Ottatti Uram 7-11 N3P2
Melastomataceae
Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f. Archeti Alli Alli, Anjani Kashavu 3-7 N2P2
Meliaceae
Aglaia elaeagnoidea Benth. ---- Yerra aduga Chokkala Punyava 1-2 N3P2
Aphanamixis polystachya Parker Mullu munthala Chawa-manu Malampuluvan Chemmarom 4-5 N3P2
Azadirachta indica Juss. Bevu Vepa Vepa Vepa 5-9 N2P3
Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. Sidugoli Chedubira Pulippan -- 1-3 NP2
Melia dubia Cav. Hebbevu Munnatikaraka Mlaivembu Malavemvu 3-8 N3P2
Melia azedarach L. Arebevu Turaka vepa Malaivembu Karinvembu 1-7 N2P2
Swietenia spp. ---- Mahaagonichettu Mahagony Cheriamahogan 4-6 N2P2
y
Menispermaceae
Coculus hirsutus Theob. Sugadigida Dusara teega Kottukodi -- 8-11 N3P1
Tinospora cordifolia Miers Amrutaballi Tippa teega Chindil Amrita 8-11 N3P1
Mimosaceae
Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. -- --- Akasi -- 1-5 N2P2
ex Bth.
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Kachu Nala Sandra Karang-alli -- 2-5 N1P2
Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottl.) -- Sandra Karang-alli -- 2-5 N3P3
Willd.
13
Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC. Sige Shikaya Shikai Chikaka 2-5 N1P1
Acacia decurrens Willd. Seemai vellam pattai 3-8 N3P2
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Bilijali Tella Tumma Velvayalam Pattacharya maram 8-11 N2P1
Willd.
Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Australian Babul 8-11 N2P1
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Jaali Nalla Tumma Karu-velei Kari-velam 1-9 N3P2
Del.
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. -- -- Kareencha 7-12 N2P2
Adenanthera pavonina L. Manjetti Guru ginja Anikudumani Manjadi 2-5 N2P2
Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv. Chigara 3-5 N2P2
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Begemara Dirisana Vagei Vaga 3-5 N2P2
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wt. & Odatare Veluturu Vedattalai 6-11 N2P2
Arn.
Entada rheedei Spreng. Dodda- kampi Gilla teega Vatta valli Kakka valli 3-5 N3P2
Mimosa hamata Willd. --- Undra -- -- 11-12 N1P2
Mimosa pudica L. Lajja Attipatti Tottalvadi Tintarmani 7-11 N1P1
Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. -- Kodimudusu Kattusikkai -- 8-12 N1P2
Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merri. Sivalinga -- Mavikai -- 10-12 N3P2
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Banni Jammi Perumbay Parampu 9-4 N2P2
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Bellari jali Mulla tumma Seemai Parambai 9-3 N1P1
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. -- Nidra ganeru Mazhaimaram Toongu-moonji 3-6 N2P2
Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Tirawa Kodatangeedu Irul Irumulla 3-4 N2P2
Moraceae
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Halasu Panasa Pilapalam Chakka 3-4 P3
Morus alba L. Hipnerle Reshmi chettu Musukette Mulburry 3-4 P2
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam. Nugge Mulaga Murungai Murinna 1-12 N1P2
Musaceae
Musa pradisiaca L. Bale Arati Vazhai Vazha 3-12 N3P3
14
Myristicaceae
Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Hk.f. & Ruktmara -- Chorapathiri Chorapana 12-3 N2P2
Thoms.) Warb.
Myristica mangifera Bedd. Ramanadike Jajikai Churapanu Kotthapanu 2-4 N2P2
Myrsinaceae
Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco Shuli Dudumara Narikandim --- 1-2,6-7 N1P2
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus spp. Nilgiri Nilgiri Karpuramaram Karpuramaram 10-12 N1P1
Psidium guajava L. Jemaphala Jama Koyya Koyya, Pera 5-6 N3P3
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wt. Tavuti --- Thavitu-koyya Koratta 4-8 N2P2
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Lavanga Lavangum Kirambu Karayampu 3-10 N1P1
Perry
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Nerale Neredu Neredam Naval 4-6 N1P1
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alst. Pannerale Gulab jama Perunaval Jambavam 9-11 N1P1
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kamala Kaluva Ambal Thamara 6-8 P1
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia diffusa L. --- Punarnava Mukaratte-kirei -- 1-12 N2P2
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea spp. Nyadale Alli-Tamara Alli-Tamarai Periambal 1-12 NP1
Oleaceae
Ligustrum spp. Koli --- Pungan chedi Punnu 1-6 N2P1
Linociera malabarica Wall. Hariyage Punagamu Porumbalu Kaletala 1-2 N2P2
Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall Kunde Satapala 1-5 N2P2
Olea dioica Roxb. Hejjieakerkal --- Koli Edana 12-1 NP1
Olea glandulifera Wall. Kunde --- Kundai Kunthay 5-6; NP1
Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Bula, Gante Bullakaya Mogalingum --- 2-5 N2P2
Papavaraceae
Argemone mexicana L. Datturi Brhmadandi Kudiyoetti Pollunnattam 5-7 P3
Papaver spp. Biligasgase Gas gasalu Gashagasha Kashakhasa 3-5 N3P1
15
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. Ellu Nuvvul Ellu Karuthellu 7-9 N3P3
Piperaceae
Piper cubeba L. f. Balamenasu Chalava-mirialu Valmilaku Valmilaku 1-10 NP2
Piper longum C.DC. Hippali, Pippali Pippuloo Tippili Tippali 1-10 NP2
Piper nigrum L. Karemenasu Mirialu Milagu Kurumulaku 1-10 NP2
Plantaginaceae
Plantago OvaIta Forsk Isafgolu Isapgola Iskoluairai Karkatasiingi 3-9 N2P1
Poaceae
Bambusa spp. Biduru Veduru Mungil Mungil 7-8 NP1
Cynodon dactylon Pers. Kudigarikai Garika Arungam Arungam 5-9 P3
Dendrocalamus spp. Kari-biduru Sanna-veduru Kal-moongil Kal-moongil 10-11 P1
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Ragi Ragulu Ragi Ragi 10-11 N2P1
Oryza sativa L. Batta Vari Nellu Nellu 9-11 NP3
Panicum miliaceum L. Baragu Varagalu Panivaragu Kadukanni 7-11 P1
Panicum sumatrense Roth. Shame Smalu Samai Shama 7-11 P1
Pennisetum typhoidesStapf. Sajjai Sjjalu Kambu Kambu 10-11 N3P1
Sorghum vulgare Pers. Jola Jonnalu Cholam Cholam 1-12 N2P1
Zea mays L. Makkai jola Mokka jonna Makka cholam Makka cholam 7-8 P2
Polygalaceae
Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb. Maralumathangi --- Muttainarathai Madakka 4-8 N3P2
Polygonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Arn. --- Thiga rosa --- -- 1-12 N1P1
Polygonum barbetum L. Konde malle Niru ganeru Atlari Velutta 6-9 N2P2
Polygonum glabrum Willd. Niru kanigalu -- Actalaree Chuvanna 6-9 N2P2
Portulacaceae
Portulaca grandiflora (Hk.) Gees. Office time --- Pattumani -- 6-12 N2P1
Portulaca oleracea L. Dooddagooni Peddapayailikura Karikeerai Kariecheera 6-9 N2P1
Proteaceae
Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. Silver Oak 3-6 N1P1
exR.Br.
16
Punicaceae
Punica granatum L. Dalimba Dhanimma Madulai Matalam 4-5 N2P1
Rhamnaceae
Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz Kurudi Nalla korintha Tuvadi -- 10-4 N1P
Ventilago spp. Pupli Suralatige Surali Paplii 11-3 N2P3
Zizyphhus maurtiana Lamk. Yalachi Reegu Elandai Elentha 7-11 N2P2
Ziziphhus nummularia (Burm.f.) --- Neelareegu Korgodi -- 4-6 N1P3
Wt. & Arn.
Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Mill. Barige Paragi Ambulam Kottavalli 1-5 N3P2
Ziziphhus rugosa Lamk. --- Pinduparighamu Kattilandai Malantutali 1-5 N3P1
Ziziphhus xylopyra (Retz.) Willd. Challe Gotte Kottei -- 3-12 N3P2
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savig. -- Thuddaponna Sigapukokandam --- 6-10 N2P2
Ceriops roxburghiana arn. Gatharu Chiru-kandal -- 4-5 N2P2
Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Robins. Gedera Pandikutti 4-5 N2P2
Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Kandale Kandigala Thuvar kandan Cerukanadal 5-9 N2P2
Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. Kandaale Upoo-ponna Kandal Paniccha-kandal 4-9; 11-2 N1P2
Rubiaceae
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadawala Kadambamu Vella-cadamba Attutek 5-7 P3
Adina cordifolia Arsintega Bandaru Manja-kadamba Manja-kadamba 5-8 N1P2
Canthium spp. Hatteranike Balusu Imburuttan Nannul 5-10 N1P2
Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Mengare Manga Marukkallnkay Kare 5-11 N1P1
Tirveng.
Coffea arabica L. Cofee Kopee Cofee Cofee 3 N1P2
Coffea robusta Lind. Cofee Kopee Cofee Cofee 3 N1P2
Gardenia latifolia Soland. Kalkambi Advai bikki Kumbay --- 3-11 N3P2
Gardenia resinifera Roth -- Erra bikki Tikkamalli -- 3-11 N3P2
Hymenodictyon spp. Bandarayanni Dudippa Vellei kadambu Itthilei 6-7 N2P3
Mitragyna parviflora Korth. Kongu Nirkadambe China kadambu Vimbu 3-5 N3P2
Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham. Billoothi --- Vellimadandai Paraphole 10-11 N2P2
17
Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. Pavati Duipapata Pavattai Pavatta 2-5 N3P2
Wendlandia exserta DC. Thilai Thovarai Thovara 2-4 N1P1
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bilapatra Maredu Vilvam Vilvam 3-6 N2P1
Atalantia malabarica (Rafin.) Kadunimbe Adavi-nimma Kattlumicchai Kattunarenga 11-1 N2P2
Tanaka
Atalantia racemosa Wt. -- Adavi nimma Kattu naragam Malanaragam 11-1 N2P2
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm. & Limbe Nimma Elumichai Erumichinarakam 3-4 N1P1
Panz.) Swing.
Citrus limetta Risso Gajanimbe Gajanimma Kolumichangai -- 3-4 N1P1
Citrus maxima (Burm.f.) Merr. Chakotre Pamparapanasa Pambalimau Pamparamasam 3-4 N1P1
Citrus medica L. Madala Lungamu Kadaranarathai Gilam 3-4 N1P1
Citrus reticulata Blanco -- Kamala -- -- 3-4 N1P1
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. Kittile Bathai Sathagudi --- 3-4 N1P1
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC. Gurodagidda Golugu anam Panal 3-10 N2P1
Limonia acidissima L. Bela Velaga Vilanga Vila 2-3 N2P2
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. Karibevu Karepaku Karivempu Kariveppilei 3-9 N3P2
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Angarakana Nagagolunga Konji 3-9 N3P2
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk. Kaadumenagu Kondakashinda Milagarnai Kaka-toddali 2-4 N2P2
Santalaceae
Osyris spp. Kuriganda -- -- -- 10-12 N2P3
Santalum album L. Srigandha Chandanamu Sandanam Chandanam 5-8 N1P2
Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Erumballi Budda kakara Mudukottan Ulina 7-10 N2P2
Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Bandara Bandare Vellari Unnataruvi 7-10 N2P2
Euphoria longana Lam. Kanakindli --- Puvatti Pasakotta 1-2,6 N1P2
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Antawala Kunkudu Puvamkottai Urvanjikaya 10-12 N1P2
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sagade kendala Pulusu Puvathipuvam Puvam 2-3 N2P2
18
Sapotaceae
Madhuca longifolia Mac Br. Guddehargi Ippa -- Kirithi 2-5 N1P2
Manilkara spp. Bakula Manji Pala Palla Pala 11-2 NP2
Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Raf. Hudigullu -- Palai -- 2-5 N2P2
Scrophulariaceae
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Penn. Nirubrahmi --- Nirbramhi Nirbramhi 1-12 N2P2
Striga spp. Pogaakumalle Pallipoondu Theepalli 6-12 N3P2
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Doddamara Pedda manu Perumaram Mattipongilyam 2-4 N2P2
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum L. Mensina Mirapa Milagay Mulaku 7-10 N2P
Datura stramonium L. Ummatta Umetha Ummatta Ummatta 6-9 P3
Solanum melongana L. Badanekayi Vanga Kathirikai Vazhuthana 6-8 N3P3
Solanum nigrum L. -- Erri vanga Munatakali -- 10-4 N3P3
Solanum torvum Sw. Kavusunde Chundakai Sundaikai Kaatuchunta 8-12 N3P3
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. --- Kyalanki Marama --- 4-6 N1P2
Sterculiaceae
Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br. Bilisulige Karaka Malambarutti Malamparatthi 3-4 N2P2
Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudrakshi Rudraksha Uthraksham Thenmaram 7-10 N2P3
Helicteres isora L. Karurimara Nuli tada Valamburi Kalnaru 7-12 N1P3
Kleinhovia hospita L. -- -- Punai tekku -- 5-9 N2P2
Pterospermum acerifolium Willd -- -- Chinna polavu Malavuram 4; 11 N1P3
Pterospermum xylocarpum Naradu Loluga Polavu Vinanku 9-12 N1P3
(Gaertn.) Sant. &Wagh
Sterculia foetidia L. Penari --- Peenari Thondi 2-3 N3P3
Sterculia urens Roxb. Kempubale Tabsu Kavalam Anainar 3-4 N1P3
Theaceae
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze. Thesoppu Theyaku Theyilai Chaya 12-3 N2P1
Eurya japonica Thunb. Huluni --- --- -- 4-9 N1P1
19
Tiliaceae
Corchorus spp. Kalasa Janamu Sanal 8-3 N3P2
Grewia hirsuta Vahl Udipe Chitti jana Kalummu -- 12-2 N2P2
Grewia glabra Bl. Javanigalle Thegalle Udapai -- 12-2 N2P2
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Tadasalu Pedda jana Thadasal Chadachi 12-2 N2P2
Triumfetta spp. Kadubende Chiru sitrika Adayatti Ottupullu 8-9;1-2 N1P2
Typhaceae
Typha angustifolia L. Aanechondu Jamuugaddi Sambu -- 5-7 P1
Typha elephantina Roxb. Appu Enugajammu Anaikkorai --- 5-7 P1
Ulmaceae
Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Thavasai Thapasi Aya Aval 1-6 NP2
Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Gorkul Chakkamanu Chenkolam Ama 2-5 N3P3
Verbenaceae
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Kundali Etti pisinika Anjali Nirnochi 5-12 N2P3
Gmelina arborea Roxb. Shivani Gummadi Kumadi Kumbil 11-12 N2P1
Lantana camara L. (L.) Mold. Nata hugida Puli kampa Unnichedi Arippu 1-12 N3P3
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene -- Bokkena Poduthali -- 1-12 N1P3
Premna tomentosa Willd. Naruvalu Nagaru Kolakottathekku Katutekka 3-6 N1P2
Premna latifolia roxb. Kondamanga Pachumallai -- 3-6 N1P2
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Vahl Kadu uttarani Simainaivirunji Katapunuthu 6-12 N2P3
Vitex negundo L. Lakkigida Vavili Vellai-nocohi Vellancocchi 5-6 N2P2
Vitaceae
Ampelocissus spp. Pankande Advai draksha Sambaravalli Chemparavalli 6-10 N2P2
Cayratia carnosaWall. Heggoli Kurudinne Tumans Sorivalli 5-10 N2P2
Vitis vinifera L. Angura Draksha Kodimundiri Mundiri 5-6 N3P3
Zingiberaceae
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Yelakki Yalukalu Yelakkai Yelam 5-11 N1P2
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L. Sanna neggilu Palleru Nerunji Nerinjimullu 1-12 N2P2
20
Bee Forage Plants
West Zone

Bee forage plants of Western Zone (Maharashtra & Gujarat)
Family / Marathi Guajarati Habit Flowering Bee Forage
Botanical Name Name Name Period1 Value2
Acanthaceae
Acanthus ilicifolius L. Marandi Mendli Shrub 12-6 N3P2
Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Adulsa Adusi Shrub 8-10 N3P2
Andrographis paniculata Olikiryata Kariyatu Herb 11-4 N2P2
(Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees
Barleria cristata L. Koranti Koranti Shrub 12-1 N2P1
Barleria prionitis L. Pivli koranti Kanta Shrub 10-3 N2P1
seriyu
Blepharis persica Kuntz Karadu Otigana Herb 10-3 N2P1
Carvia callosa (Wall.) Karvi Karvi Shrub 9-12 N1P1
Bremek.
Hygrophila aristata Nees. Deobhata Vanti Tall herb 7-2 N1P1
Hygrophila serpyllum Ran-tewan Sarpat Herb 9-3 N1P1
(Nees) T.Anders
Justicia betonica L. Bagas Kalaadulsa Herb 10-4 N2P2
Lepidagathis cuspidata Akhra --- Shrub 3-5 N1P1
Nees
Ruellia tuberosa L. Mundari Kaligavani Herb 9-5 N2P2
Rungia repens (L.) Nees Ghatipitpap Katsalio Herb 11-3 N3P3
ada
Strobilanthes reticulata. Bhukarvi Bhukarvi Shrub 8-10 N1P1
Thunbergia grandiflora --- Mulluto Climber 9-10 N3P2
(Roxb.ex Rottl.) Roxb.
Aizoaceae
Trianthema portulacastrum Pundharighe --- Herb 6-9 N2P2
L. ntuli
Alangiaceae
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Ankol, Ankol, Small 2-4 N2P2
Wang. tree
1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January,

2 = February, ... 11 = November, 12 = December.
2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen; 1 = major and important
source;
2 = source of normal importance; 3 = source of minor importance.
1
©Copyright of CBRTI, KIVC
1 2 3 4 5 6
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L. Aghada Aghedo Herb 9-10 N2P2
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Kapur- Gorakha Herb 12-2 N2P1
Schult. madhura ganjo
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Kanchari Jaljambi Herb 9-12 N2P1
R.Br. ex DC.
Amaranthus cruentus L. Rajagira Dambho Herb 7-8 N2P2
Amaranthus spinosus L. Kathe math Kantanudant Herb 7-2 N2P1
Celosia argentea L. Kurdu Lambadi Herb 8-2 N2P2
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Jhojhru Gadarjhipato Shrub 9-2 N2P1
Amaryllidaceae
Crinum asiaticum L. Nagdavna Nag damani t herb 5-10 N3P2
Scilla sp. Khus Khus Herb 7-8 N3P3
Anacardiaceae
Buchanania cochin-chinensis Charoli Charoli Tree 1-5 N2P3
(Lour.) Almeida
Holigarna spp. Holgeri Bibu Tree 1-3 N2P3
Lannea coromandelica Moi Mavedi Tree 1-6 N2P2
(Houtt.) Merr.
Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Bibha Bhilamo Tree 1-6 N2P3
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Ranamba Ambadi Tree 1-9 N2P2
Apiaceae
Anethum graveolens L. Dill Surva Herb 6-8 N2P3
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Brahmi Brahmi Herb 5-11 N1P3
Coriandrum sativum L. Kothimbir Konphir Herb 7-9 N1P1
Cuminum cyminum L. Jire Jira Herb 2-3 N2P3
Daucus carota L. Gazara Gajar Herb 2-5 N2P3
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Badishep Variyari Herb 10-12 N3P3
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Owa Ajamo, Herb 1-11 N1P2
Spragne Yavan
Apocynaceae
Carissa congesta Wt. Karavanda Karand Shrub 4-5 N2P2
Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Bhadravolli Ramsar Climbing 12-4 N2P2
O.Ktze. shrub
Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Kala kuda Dudhi Tree 3-5 N1P3
Arecaceae
Areca catechu L. Supari Sopari Tree 1-12 N2P2
Borassus flabellifer L. Tad Tad Tree 1-12 N1P1
Caryota urens L. Berli Shivjata Tree 1-12 N1P3
Cocos nucifera L. Naral Naliyeri Tree 1-12 N1P1
Phoenix humilis Becc.& Dwarf date Bhoin- Tree 2-3 N1P3
Hk.f. palm khaguri
Phoenix sylvestris Roxb Shindi. Date-Palm Tree 12-2 N2P3
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias curassavica L. Kurki --- Shrub 1-12 N2P2
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Rui Moto akdo Shrub 10-7 N2P1
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) Ran-sher Somvel Shrub 6-10 N2P2
R.Br.
2
1 2 3 4 5 6
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoides L. Ghanera Henbu Herb 7-2 N3P3
Artemisia maritima L. Kirmaniova Surpan Herb 8-10 N3P3
Aster spp. Star-wort -- Herb 7-11 N3P3
Bidens biternata (Lour.) Spanish Samra kokdi Herb 8-9 N3P2
Merr. & Sherff. needle
Carthamus tinctorius L. Kardai Kusumbo Herb 11-2 N2P2
Cosmos spp. Cosmos -- Herb 9-11 N3P2
Cyathocline purpurea Bongagra, Motu Herb 9-3 N2P2
O.Ktze. chota gunja okharad
Dahlia spp. Dahlia Dahlia Herb 9-12 N2P1
Echinops echinatus Roxb. Utanti Utkanto Herb 9-1 N3P3
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Maka Bhangra Herb 7-2 N2P2
Eupatorium odoratum L. Through-wort Herb 11-5 N2P3
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Karale Ramtal Herb 9-12 N1P1
Cass.
Helianthus annuus L. Suryaful Surajmukhi Herb 9-12 N1P1
Lagascea mollis Cav. Tharvad -- Herb 7-12 N2P1
Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) Mikania Mikania Climber 3-4 N2P3
B.L.Robin.
Parthenium hysterophorusL . Congresgrass Gajargavat Herb 9-1 NP3
Solidago canadensis L. Golden rod Golden rod Herb 9-11 N2P3
Sphaeranthus indicus L. Mundi Gorakmund Herb 11-5 N2P1
i
Tagetus erecta L. Zendu Guljharo Herb 9-10 N3P3
Tagetus patula L. Guljaphri Guljaphni Herb 9-12 N3P3
Taraxacum officinale Underkani Pathardi Herb 3-11 N2P2
Weber
Tridax procumbens L. Dagdi pala --- Herb 1-12 N2P2
Vernonia cinerea Less.. Purple Sahadevi Tree 3-5 N1P2
Fleabane
Xanthium indicum Koen. Shankeshvara Gadar Herb 1-5 N3P1
Zinnia spp. Zinnia Zinnia Herb 6-10 N1P1
Averrhoaceae
Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola Carambola Tree 3-8 N1P2
Avicenniaceae
Avicennia officinalis L. Tivar Tavra Tree 4-8 N1P2
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens balsamina l. Terada Gulmendi Herb 6-9 N1P2
Barringtoniaceae
Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Samudraphala Tree 1-12 N2P2
Spr.
Bignoniaceae
Dolichandrone spp. Nuruddi, Padari Tree 3-6 N3P2
Heterophragma Varas Varas Tree 1-6 NP2
quadriloculare K.Schum.
Jacranda acutifolia Neelmohor --- Tree 4-12 N2P2
Humb.& Bonpl.
3
1 2 3 4 5 6
Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Gaganjai Akash nim Tree 9-12 P2
Oroxylum indicum (L). Tetu Tetu Small tree 4-6 N3P2
Vent.
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker- Golden -- Climber 3-5 NP3
Gawl) Presl. shower
Spathodea campanulata Scarlet bell --- Tree 7-3 NP2
Beauv.
Stereospermum spp. Gajpipal Patla Tree 4-6 N3P2
Tabebuia spp. Basant rani Small tree 3-6 NP2
Tecoma spp. -- Vasant Shrub, 3-9 NP2
climber
Bixaceae
Bixa orellana L. Shendri --- Small tree 7-11 NP1
Bombacaceae
Adansonia digitata L. Gorak-chinch Rukhdo Tree 5-10 N1P1
Bombax ceiba L. Kate-sawar Semdo Tree 2-7 N1P1
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Salmali Safed Tree 1-7 N1P1
Gaertn. Shimdo
Boraginaceae
Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Shelvant Bhokar Tree 2-7 N2P2
Cynoglossum spp. Hounds --- Herb 5-9 N3P3
tongue
Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Ivory wood Buttha Tree 2-4 N1P2
Heliotropium indicum L. Bhurundi Hathi Herb 1-12 N2P2
sundhu
Paracaryopsis malabarica Kalanisurdi -- Herb 9-11 N2P2
(C.B.Cl.) R.Mill.
Trichodesma indicum Rbr. Chhota Undhaphuli Herb 1-12 N3P2
phulva
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea (L) Czern. Mohori Rai Herb 3-5 N2P2
& Coss.
Raphanus sativus L. Mula Muri Herb 11-2 N1P1
Burseraceae
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Salai Sledi Tree 2-6 N3P2
Colebr.
Canarium strictum Roxb. Dhup Kaladammar Tree 2-5 N3P2
Garuga pinnata Roxb. Kakad Kakad Tree 2-8 N3P2
Cactaceae
Opuntia elatior Mill. Chapal Chorhathalo Shrub 1-7 N2P2
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchan Dev Tree 10-1 N2P3
Kachnar
Bauhinia racemosa Lamk. Apata Asintro Tree 4-10 N2P3
Bauhinia vahli Wt. & Arn. Chambul --- Tree 4-7 N2P3
Bauhinia variegata L. Kachnar Kachnar Tree 1-12 N2P3
Cassia auriculata L Tarwad Awal 1-7 N2P2
Cassia occidentalis L. Takala Kasundro Herb 8-12 N2P3
4
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cassia tora L. Takala Puvadio Herb 8-2 N3P3
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Sagargota Sagargota Scramber 8-2 N3P2
Roxb.
Caesalpinia crista L. Fever nut Chilari Scrambler 10-2 N3P2
Chillar
Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sankasura Sandhesaro Small tree 1-12 N3P3
(L.) Sw.
Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Sankasura Sandhesaro Small tree 7-12 N3P3
Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hk.) Gulmohr Dwarka Tree 4-9 N3P2
Raf.
Hadwickia binata Roxb. Yepi Ditto Tree 8-1 N2P3
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Adanti Rambaval Small 4-11 N3P2
tree
Peltophorum pterocarpum Son-Mohar Son-Mohar Tree 1-6 N2P1
(DC.) Baker ex Heyne
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Ashoka Ashok Tree 1-6 NP3
Wilde
Tamarindus indica L. Chinch Amli Tree 2-6 N1P3
Cannaceae
Canna indica L. Dev-kel Dev-kel Herb 1-12 N3P3
Capparaceae
Capparis grandis L.f. Pachara Thikri Tree, 4-1 N3P3
climber
Capparis zeylanica L. Kanthar Kagdakeri Tree, 2-3 N3P3
climber
Cleome gynandra L. Pandri- --- Herb 7-4 N1P2
Tilwan
Cleome monophylla L. Velakkeerai -- Herb 8-2 N1P2
Cleome viscosa L. Pivali-Tilwan Herb 1-12 N1P2
Crataeva mogna (Lour.) Varun Varno Tree 3-5 N2P2
DC
Celastraceae
Lophopetalum wightianum Balpale --- Tree 12-5 N2P2
Arn.
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album L. Chakwat -- Herb 11-2 N3P3
Spinacia oleracea L Palak --- Herb 11-4 N3P3
Clusiaceae
Calophyllum inophyllum L. Surangi -- Tree 12-1 NP2
Garcinia indica (Du Petit- Amsol Kokan Tree 11-2 NP1
Thou.) Choisy
Mammea suriga (Buch.- Surangi, Rati Tree 2-3 P1
Ham. ex Roxb.) Kosterm. nagkesar, nagkesar
Mesua ferrea L. Iron wood, Nagchampa Tree 3-5 P1
Cochlorspermaceae
Cochlospermum religiosum Ganeri Ganari Small 2-4 N3P2
(L.) Alst. tree
5
1 2 3 4 5 6
Combretaceae
Anogeussus latifolia Wall. Ukshi Dhamodo Tree 2-7 N3P3
climber
Calycopteris floribunda Ukshi Uksi Tree 2-7 N3P3
(Roxb.) Poir. climber
Combretum albidum G. Madbel Madbel Tree 1-5 N3P3
Don climber
Quisqualis indica L. Barmasi/Lal Barmasivel Climber 1-12 P2
chameli
Terminalia bellirica Beheda Bahedo Tree 4-11 N2P3
(Gaertn.) Roxb.
Terminalia cattappa L. Deshi badam Deshi badam Tree 2-8 N1P3
Terminalia chebula Retz. Ink nut, hirda Hardi Tree 2-5 N1P2
Terminalia cuneata Roth Herda Arjunsadado Tree 2-11 N1P3
Terminalia elliptica Willd. Leathery --- Tree 4-6 N1P2
Murdah
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis Kena. ---- Herb 6-12 N2P2
L.
Cyanotis cristata D.Don Idra --- Herb 6-11 N2P1
Cyanotis tuberosa J.A. & Herb 6-10 N2P2
J.H. Schult.
Murdannia spp. Asian --- Herb 6-12 N2P1
dayflower
Convolvulaceae
Argyreia nervosa Samudr asoka Samudr sas Herb 6-12 N3P1
(Burm.f.) Bojer
Convolvulus arvensis L. Chandvel Nari, Veladi Herb 12-7 N3P3
Cressa cretica L. Khardi Palio Herb 1-12 N3P2
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Nirmuli Amarvel Parasitic 10-12 P3
climber
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ratali Creeper 8-11 N2P3
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Garvel Kokharvel Creeper 10-4 N3P3
Jaquemontia pentantha Jaquemontia -- Creeper 1-12 N1P1
(Jacq.) G. Don
Merremia gangetica (L.) Undirkani -- Creeper 8-2 N2P2
Cufod.
Porana volubilis Burm.f. Porana -- Creeper 3-5 N1P2
Costaceae
Costus speciosus Sm. Penva -- Herb 6-12 N2P2
Cucurbitaceae
Benincasa hispida Kohala Bhuru kohlu Climber 7-10 N2P2
(Thunb.) Cogn.
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Kalingad ---- Climber 11-5 N2P2
Mats. & Nakai.
Cucumis melo L. Kharbuja Kharbuja Climber 7-11 N2P2
Cucumis sativus L. Kakadi Kakadi Climber 7-9 N2P2
Cucurbita maxima Duch. Tambada Padgaru Climber 4-6 N2P2
ex Lam. bhopla
6
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cucurbita pepo L. Kashi Padgaru Climber 4-6 N2P2
bhopla
Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Dhudhi Dhudi , Climber 8-2 N2P2
Standl. bhopla tumada
Luffa acutangula (L.) Shirola Ghisoda Climber 5-7 N2P2
Roxb.
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J. Ghosali Turia Climber 8-12 N2P2
Roem.
Momordica charantia L. Karle Karela Climber 5-8 N1P2
Trychosanthes bracteatea Kauaundala Rata Climber 6-10 N1P2
Voigt.
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp. Motha Motha Herb 1-11 P1
Dilleniaceae
Dillenia indica L. Karambel Mota karamli Tree 6-9 N3P1
Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Karamal Karmal Tree 3-6 N3P1
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Paspoli Chairo Climber 7-12 P1
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Ulasi Kuval Climber 7-11 P1
Dipsacaceae
Dipsacus inermis Wall. Teasel Kand Herb 7-10 N3P3
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpus spp. Black dammar Tree 12-2 NP2
Shorea robusta Gaertn. Rala, guggal Ral Tree 1-5 NP1
Vateria indica L. Dhup dammer Tree 4-5 NP1
Ebenaceae
Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) -- -- Small tree 2-5 N2P2
Bakh.
Diospyros melanoxylon Beedi Tamrug Tree 2-4 N1P3
Roxb. leaf;Tendu
Diospyros ovalifolia Wt. Dheki Tree 5-6 N1P3
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Ambgull -- Shrub 11-5 N2P2
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus sphaericus Rudraksha --- Tree 9-10 N2P2
(Gaertn.) K. Schum.
Muntingia calabura L. Singapur cherry Small tree 1-12 N2P2
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum monogynum Bastard Red cedar Shrub 1-12 N1P2
Roxb. sandal,
Euphorbiaceae
Antidesma acidum Retz. Ghondurili -- Tree 6-8 N3P3
Bischofia javanica Bl. Boke -- Tree 2-3 N3P3
Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Asana Asno Tree 6-12 N2P3
Bridelia squamosa (Lamk.) Asana Asan Tree 4-12 N3P2
Gehrm.
Croton bonplandianus Baill. Mirchayia -- Herb 1-12 N3P2
7
1 2 3 4 5
Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Putranjiva Putrangiv Tree 4-10 N3P2
Hurus.
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Avala Amla Tree 2-10 N3P2
Euphorbia nivulia Buch. Narasya Thor Shrub 2-4 N2P1
Euphorbia pulcherrima Lal patti --- Shrub 9-1 N3P2
Willd. ex Klot.
Excoecaria agallocha L. Geva --- Small tree 3-4 N1P2
Glochidion spp. Bhoma, --- Small tree 2-5 NP2
Hevea brasiliensis (HBK) Para --- Tree 2-4 N1
Muell.-Arg. rubber tree
Jatropha curcas L. Erand Ratanjot Shrub 3-8 N2P2
Jatropha gossipifolia L. Mogali Lal erandi Shrub 2-7 N2P1

erand
Macaranga spp. Chandawar --- Tree 1-3 NP2
Mallotus spp. Kamala Kamilo Tree 8-11 P1
dye tree
Phyllanthus acidus (L) Star Kati amli Tree 2-3 N2P2
Skeels gooseberr
y
Ricinus communis L. Erandi Divelo Large 5-8 P2
Arando shrub
Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Kodarsi Shinvi Small tree 7-8 N1P2
Willd.) Baill.
Fabaceae
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Palas, Khakharo Tree 1-7 N2
Taub. dhak
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Tur Tuver Shrub 9-3 N1P2
Cicer arietinum L. Harbara Chana Herb 10-4 NP2
Crotalaria juncea L. Tagada Shan Herb 11-1 NP3
Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Dandus Pitrali Tree 3-7 N1P2
Dalbergia paniculata (Roxb.) Phansi Padri Tree 2-5 N1P2
Thoth.
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Sisav Sisam Tree 8-12 N1P2
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sisvi Sissoo Tree 2-10 N1P2
Dalbergia spinosa Roxb. Tree 3-10 NP
Desmodium trifolium (L.) Kala palas Fulpudio 6-2 N1P2
DC.
Erythrina variegata L. Pangara Bangaro Tree 1-7 N2P2
Flemingia spp. Dowdowla -- Shrub 10-5 N2P2
Glycine max (L.)Merr. Soyabean Soyabean Herb 10-5 N3P3
Lablab purpureus (L.) Valpapdi, Val Climber 9-3 N3P3
Sweet Pavta
Medicago sativa L. Lasun ghas Vilayti ghas Herb 5 N1P2
Melilotus alba Desr. White sweet Safed senji Herb 2-3 N1P2
clover
Melilotus indica (L.) All. Ran methi Van-methica Herb 12-2 N1P2
Ougeinia oojainensis Kala palas Tivas Tree 3-6 3-5
(Roxb.) Hochr. Tiwas
8
1 2 3 4 5
Pisum sativum L. Watana Watani Herb 8-9 N2P2
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Karanj Karanja Tree 2-5 N1P1
Pierre
Pterocarpus marsupium Bibla Biyo Tree 12-3 N2P2
Roxb.
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Shevri Aganthio Small tree 11-2 NP1
Poir.
Smithia conferta Sm. Berki Nachiba Herb 3-9 N2P1
Vigna aconitifolia Mare.i Matki Mut 9-10
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Udid Adad Herb 8-11 N2P2
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Mug Mag Herb 8-11 N2P2
Wilczek
Vigna biflorus L. Kulith Kalathi Herb 2-3 N1P2
Flacourtiaceae
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Anthrun Galgugal Tree 1-7 N1P2
Merr.
Flacourtia jangomas Tambat Yenkdi Tree 6-12 N2P2
(Lour.) Raeusch.
Flindersiaceae
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Halda Hardi Tree 1-4 N2P2
Gentianaceae
Gentiana spp. Neelkanthi Pakanbhed Herb 4-7 N3P2
Swertia spp. pahari Chirayita Herb 8-10 N3P3
Lamiaceae
Anisomeles indica (L.) Gopali Godhari Herb, 10-2 N2P2
O.Ktze. shrub
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Wilayati tulsi Herb, 10-3 N2P2
Poit. shrub
Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) Dipmal Matijer Herb 10-12 N2P2
R.Br.
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Tamba Nadino Herb 9-3 N3P3
Link
Leucas ciliata Bth. Burumbi Dungaraukub Herb 8-5 N3P3
o
Mentha spp. Mint Pudina Herb 7-10 N3
Ocimum spp. Basils, tulsi, Tulsi, Herbs 6-9 N3P3
Origanum vulgare L. Marjoram Herb 7-9 N2P2
Plectranthus spp. Plectranthus La-agada Herb, 8-12 N1P2
shrub
Pogostemon benghalensis Pangla Govadiyu Under- 11-12 N2P3
(Burm.f.) O. Ktze. shrub
Salvia spp. Sage Dharit Herb 7-10 N2P2
Thymus spp. Thymes Shrubs 5-10 N2P3
Lauraceae
Actinodaphne angustifolia Pisa --- Tree 10-5 N1P1
Nees
Alseodaphne Phudugus --- Tree 1-2 N1P1
semecarpifolia Nees
9
1 2 3 4 5
Cassytha filiformis L. Amarvel -- Climber 7-4 N3P3
Cinnamomum versum Dalchini Dalchini Tree 2-6 N2P2
J.S.Presl.
Litsea glutinosa (Lour) Maida Maeda lakari Tree 1-10 N1P1
C.B. Robin. lakadi
Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Ranamba --- Tree 12-1 N3P3
Pers.
Persea spp. Avocado Avocado Tree 12-1 N2P2
Lecythidaceae
Careya arborea Roxb. Kumba, Kumbhi Tree 3-4 NP2
Couropita guianensis Cannon ball tree, Tree 9-11 NP3
Aubl.
Leeaceae
Leea spp. Hansia- Dino Shrub 3-9 N3P2
dhapan
Liliaceae
Allium cepa L. Kanda Dungari Herb 1-4 N3P3
Allium sativum L. Lasun Lasan Herb 2-3 N3P3
Aloe vera Burm.f. Korphad Kumvar Shrub 12-5 N2P2
Asparagus spp. Shatavari Shatavari Climber 8-11 N2P2
Chlorophytum spp. Musli Musli Herb 5-10 N3P2
Gloriosa subperba L. Kallavi Vadhavadiyo Twiner 7-11 NP2
Linaceae
Linum spp. Javas Alsi Herb 1-12 N2P1
Lobeliaceae
Lobelia spp. Dhaval Nali Herb 8-2 NP2
Loganiaceae
Strychnos nux-vomica L. Kajra Kuchla Tree 2-11 N2P1
Strychnos potatorum L. Nirmali Katas Small tree 6-1 N2P1
Loranthaceae
Dendrophthoe falcata Bandgul Vando Partial 9-5 N2P2
(L.f.) Ettings. stem
Viscum spp. Mistletoes Vando parasite 7-11 N2P2
Lythraceae
Cuphea micropetala Cuphea, Waxweed Shrub 2-11 N2P3
H.B.& K.
Lagerstroemia indica L. Velayati Chinaimendi Small 5-8 N2P2
Mendi Tree
Lagerstroemia microcarpa Nana Nana bondra Tree 3-6 N1P2
Wt.
Lagerstroemia parviflora Bondara Bondaro Tree 6-10 N1P2
Roxb.
Lagerstroemia reginae Mota bondara Tree 8-10 N3P2
Roxb.
Lawsonia inermis L. Mendhi Mendi Shrub 3-9 NP1
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Dhaiphal Dhaori Shrub 5-6 N1P2
Kurz
10
1 2 3 4 5 6
Malpighiaceae
Aspidopterys indica Bandi kota -- Large 11-12 N2P2
(Willd.) Theob. teega climber
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Madhavi Madhavi Liana 1-4 N2P2
Kurz
Malvaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus Bhendi Bhindo Herb 1-12 N3P3
(L.) Moench.
Abutilon spp. Thutti, etc. Dabli Shrub 1-12 N2P2
Altheaearosea L. Hollyhock --- Herb 1-3 N2P2
Gossypium arboreum L. Kapas Kapas Shrub 9-12 N3P3
Hibiscus cannabinus L. Ambadi Ambari Herb 1 N3P3
Kydia calycina Roxb. Warang Varang Small tree 2-4 NP2
Malva sylvestris L. Mallow --- Herb 12-3 N2P3
Sida acuta Burm.f. Tupkadi Bala Herb, 9-12 N3P1
Sida cordifolia L. Bala Atibala Herb, 4-11 N3P1
Thespesia spp. Indian tulip Paras pipdo Tree 1-12 N1P2
Urena lobata L. Vanbhendi Vagdau Under 4-12 N3P2
bhindi shrub
Melastomataceae
Melastoma malabathricum Palore -- Small tree, 10-3 N3P
L.
Memecylon umbellatum Anjani -- Shrub, 6-4 N2P2
Burm.f.
Meliaceae
Aphanamixis polystachya Rohada -- Tree 7-9 N3P2
(Wall.) Parker
Azadirachta indica Juss. Limba Limdo Tree 3-6 N2P3
Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Gudmei -- Small tree 9-2 NP2
Miq.
Melia dubia Cav. Kuriaput Kadu khajar Tree 4-7 N3P2
Melia azedarach L. Pejri Bakam Tree 1-7 N2P2
Swietenia spp. Mahogani --- Tree 4-2 N2P2
Menispermaceae
Coculus hirsutus Theob. Vasanvel Vasanvel Large 1-3 N3P1
climber
Tinospora cordifolia Gulvel Shall, Large 1-8 N3P1
(Willd.) Miers Galo climber
Mimosaceae
Acacia auriculiformis A. Australian Tree 8-6 N2P2
Cunn. ex Bth. acacia
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Khair Khair Tree 1-2 N1P2
Willd.
Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Lal khair Khair Tree 1-12 N3P3
Rottl.) Willd.
Acacia concinna DC. Shikaki Shikaki Scrambler 1-12 N1P1
Acacia decurrens Willd. Green Small tree 3-8 N3P2
wattle
11
1 2 3 4 5 6
Acacia leucophloea Hiwar Pilo baval Tree 8-2 N2P1
(Roxb.) Willd.
Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Australian black wood Tree 12-6 N2P1
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Babhal Kalo Baval Tree 8-12 N3P2
ex Del.
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Shembi --- Tree 8-4 N2P2
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Gum acacia Gorad Tree 2-5 N2P2
Adenanthera pavonina L. Thorligunj -- Tree 2-5 N2P2
Albizia amara Boiv. Lallei Moto sarsio Tree 4-8 N2P2
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Bth. Shirisha Sarasdo Tree 3-5 N2P2
Entada rheedei Spreng. Garambi Garbe Liana 3-5 N3P2
Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Subabul Padeshi baval Tree 3-10 N3P2
Gillis
Mimosa hamata Willd. Arati Kaso Shrub 7-12 N1P2
Mimosa pudica L. Lajalu --- Herb 9-1 N1P1
Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. Arai Arati Shrub 6-10 N1P2
Prosopis cineraria (L.) Shemti Khijado Tree 11-4 N2P2
Druce
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) Vilayati Gando-baval Small tree, 2-5 N1P1
DC. babul
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Rain tree Sanman Tree 3-6 N2P2
Merr.
Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Jamba suria -- Tree 3-12 N2P2
Taub.
Moraceae
Artocarpus heterophyllus Phanas Fanas Tree 3-4 P3
Lam.
Morus alba L. Tuti Shetur Tree 7-3 P2
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam. Shevga Saragavo Tree 1-4 N1P2
Musaceae
Musa pradisiaca L. Kela Kera Herb 3-12 N3P3
Myristicaceae
Knema attenuata (Wall. ex Ran jayphal Ragtrorar Tree 10-6 N2P2
Hk.f. & Thoms.) Warb.
Myristica spp. Nutmeg tree Jaiphal Tree 2-4 N2P2
Myrsinaceae
Aegiceras corniculatum Kanjala Kajla Tree 1-12 N1P2
(L.) Blanco
Myrtaceae
Callistemon citrinus(Curt.) Bottle brush Bottle brush Small tree 4-5 N2P2
Skeels
Eucalyptus spp. Nilgiri Nilgiri Tree 2-4, N1P1
10-12
Psidium guajava L. Peru Jamfali Tree 11-6 N3P3
Syzygium caryophyllatum Ranlavang --- Small tree 3-10 N1P1
(L.) Alst.
Syzygium cumini Skeels Jambhul Jambudo Tree 3-6 N1P1
12
1 2 3 4 5 6
Syzygium heyneanum Par-jambhal Jangli Small tree 2-6 N1P1
(Duthie) Gamble Jambudi
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alst. Rose apple --- Small tree 2-6, N1P1
9-11
Syzygium malaccensis (L.) Jam ----- Small tree 2-4, N1P1
Merr. & Perry
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kamal Surya kamal Herb 7-10 P1
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia spp. Ghetuti Vasedo Herb 1-12 N2P2
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea spp. Lalakamal Kanval Herb 1-12 NP1
Oleaceae
Ligustrum perrottetii Lokhandi Marsingha Tree 8-11 N2P2
A.DC.
Olea dioica Roxb. Karambu Parjamb Tree 1-4 NP1
Olea europaea L. Common olive Tree 5-6; NP1
Schrebera swietenioides Mokha, Marko, Mokho Tree 4-6 N2P2
Roxb. Nakti
Onagraceae
Epilobium spp. Willow herb Tree 6-9 N2P2
Oxalidaceae
Biophytum sensitivum DC. Chui mui, lajvanti Herb 8-4 N2P2
Oxalis spp. Ambuti Anjati Herb 2-6 N3P1
Pandanaceae
Pandanus spp. Keora Kewoda Shrub 7-8 P1
Papavaraceae
Argemone mexicana L. Pivla Dhotra Herb 1-12 P3
Papaver rhoeas L. Thambda Lal Khaskhas Herb 3-5 N3P1
khaskhasa
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. Til Tal Herb 7-9 N3P3
Plantaginaceae
Plantago ovata Isabgola Isapghol Herb 3-9 N2P1
Poaceae
Bambusa spp. Bamboo Vans Culms 7-8 NP1
Cynodon dactylon Pers. Durva Dhro Herb 8-11 P3
Dendrocalamus spp. Bans, Manvel vans Culms 10-11 P1
Eleusine coracana Gaertn. Nachani Bavto Herb 9-11 N2P1
Oplismenus spp. Kudak Yerwa Herb 10-11 N2P1
Oryza sativa L. Bhat Dangar Herb 8-11 NP3
Panicum miliaceum L. Varai Vari Herb 7-11 P1
Pennisetum americanum Bajra Bajri Herb 10-11 N3P1
(L.) K.Schum.
Sorghum vulgare Pers. Jowar Jowari Herb 10-12 N2P1
Zea mays L. Maka Makkai Herb 7-8 P2
Polemoniaceae
Phlox drummondii Hk. Drummond phlox Herb 1-12 NP1
13
1 2 3 4 5 6
Polygalaceae
Polylgala spp. Negri Pilibhonyasna Herb 4-8 N3P2
Polygonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Coral creeper Climber 8-5 N1P1
Arn.
Polygonum spp. Polygonum. Okharad Herb 6-9 N2P2
Portulacaceae
Portulaca oleosa L.. Bhuigholi Moti loni Herb 10-12 N2P1
Proteaceae
Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. Silver Oak Tree 3-7 N1P1
ex R.Br.
Punicaceae
Punica granatum L. Dalimb Dadam Tree 8-12 N2P1
Rhamnaceae
Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Myrtina Chimat Shrub 2-4 N1P
Kurz
Ventilago spp. Kanvel Vachhvel Woody 11-3 N2P3
climber
Ziziphhus jujuba Mill. Ranbor Unab Tree 9-12 N1P1
Zizyphhus maurtiana Bor Bordi Shrub 9-10 N2P2
Lamk.
Ziziphhus nummularia Jangalber Chanya bor Tree, 10-12 N1P3
(Burm.f.) Wt. & Arn.
Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Kanerballi Zarda bor Tree, 8-9 N3P2
Mill.
Ziziphhus rugosa Lamk. Churna Toran Tree, 12-2 N3P1
Ziziphhus xylopyra (Retz.) Goti Gathbor Tree, 4-7 N3P2
Willd.
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Thoddu Sanwar Tree 11-4 N2P2
Savig. pon-na,
Ceriops tagal Robins. Kirrari Kikari Tree 2-5 N2P2
Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Kandile Kandal Shrub 5-9 N2P2
Rhizophora spp. Kandal, Dumbi Small tree 4-9; N1P2
daboja, etc. 11-2
Rubiaceae
Canthium coromndelicum Arsul Kirni Tree 6-5 N1P2
(N.Burm.) Alst.
Catunaregam spinosa Gahela Ghela Tree 3-11 N1P1
(Thunb.) Tirveng.
Coffea arabica L. Coffee plant Shrub 3 N1P2
Coffea robusta Lind. Coffee plant Shrub 3 N1P2
Gardenia latifolia Soland. Ghogari Gugal Small tree 3-11 N3P2
Gardenia resinifera Roth Dikamalli Dikamali Shrub 11-9 N3P2
Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hedi Haladvan Tree 5-8 N3P2
Ridsd.
Hamelia patens Jacq. Hamelia Chidiyo Shrub 3-9 N2P2
Hymenodictyon spp. Kuthan, Boisal Tree 6-7 N2P3
bhaulan
14
1 2 3 4 5 6
Mitragyna parviflora Kalamb; Section Tree 1-12 N3P2
(Roxb.) Korth. Kadam
Morinda pubescens J.E. Sm. Ali 3-8 N3P2
Mussaenda belilla Buch.- Bedina Bhutkes Small tree 4-11 N2P2
Ham.
Neolamarckia cadamba Kadamba Kadam Tree 11-2 N3P2
(Roxb.) Boss.
Pavetta crassicaulis Papadi Papat Shrub 3-11 N3P2
Bremek.
Spermacoce articularis L.f. Ghanti-chi- Madhuri jedi Herb 9-11 N2P2
bhaji
Spermadictyon suaveolens Gides - Herb/ 10-2 N2P2
Roxb. Shrub
Wendlandia heynei (R. & padgira -- Small tree 3-9 N2P1
S.) Sant. & Merch.
Wendlandia thyrsoidea (R. Showla, --- Small tree 2-4 N1P1
& S.) Steud.
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bel Bel Tree 4-11 N2P1
Atalantia malabarica Makad -- Small tree 11-1 N2P2
(Rafin.) Tanaka limbu
Atalantia racemosa Wt. Ran limbu --- Small tree 9-6 N2P2
Citrus aurantifolia Limbu Nimbu Tree 1-12 N1P1
(Christm. & Panz.) Swing.
Citrus limetta Risso Sweet lime Sweet lime Tree 10-3 N1P1
Citrus maxima Merr. Papnasa Obakotru Tree 5-10 N1P1
Citrus medica L. Mahalunga Turanj Tree 5-10 N1P1
Citrus reticulata Blanco Santra Santara Tree 6-8 N1P1
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. Mosambi Narangi Tree 1-12 N1P1
Glycosmis pentaphylla Kirmira -- Shrub 2-3 N2P1
(Retz) DC.
Limonia acidissima L. Kavath Kothi Tree 3-8 N2P2
Melicope lunuankenda Kattu -- Small tree 1-5 N2P2
(Gaertn.) T. Hartl. shanbagam
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spr. Karipatta Khdi lomdo Shrub 2-6 N3P2
Murraya paniculata (L.) Kunti Kunti Shrub 6-1 N3P2
Jack
Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) -- -- Small tree 4-5 N2P2
Nicols.
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Limbri Manger Shrub 12-4 N2P2
Lamk.
Salvadoraceae
Salvadora persica L. --- Pilu Small tree 10-2 N2P3
Salvadora oleoides Deca.. --- Mithijar Small tree 1-4 N2P3
Santalaceae
Santalum album L. Chandan Chandan Tree 3-8 N1P2
15
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum Kapal-phodi Karolio Herb 8-12 N2P2
halicacabum L.
Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Baad Jakhami Shrub 7-3 N2P2
Euphoria longan (Lour.) Longan tree Wumb Tree 2-3 N1P3
Steud.
Sapindus emarginatus Ritha Arithi Tree 2-5 N1P2
Vahl
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Kusumb Kusum Tree 3-5 N2P2
Oken
Sapotaceae
Madhuca longifolia Mowra Mahuro Tree 11-1 N1P2
(Koen.) Mac Br. butter tree
Manilkara hexandra Roxb. Cylon iron Ran Tree 11-2 NP2
wood, etc.
Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Kumbul Kumla Tree 9-11 N2P2
Raf.
Scrophulariaceae
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nirbrahmi Nirbrahmi Herb 1-12 N2P2
Penn.
Sopubia delphinifolia (L.) Dudhali Dudhali Root 7-1 N2P2
G.Don parasite
Striga spp. Talap Agia, Root 6-12 N3P2
parasite
Verbascum spp. Kolhala - Herb 1-12 N3P2
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Maharuk Aduso Tree 1-7 N2P2
Smilacaceae
Smilax spp. Chob-chini Ghotvel Climber 3-5 N2P2
Solanaceae
Acnistus arborescens Brazil plant Shrub 7-9;11- N2P1
Schlecht. 2
Capsicum annuum L. Mirchi Marcha Herb 7-8 N2P
Capsicum frutescens L. Loungi Marcha Herb 9-1 N2P3
Mirchi
Datura stramonium L. Dhatura Dhaturo Herb 9-10 P3
Petunia spp. Petunia Herb 1-9 N3P2
Solanum melongena L. Vangi Ringada Herb 1-12 N3P3
Solanum nigrum L. Kamuni Piludi Herb 5-6 N3P3
Solanum virginianum L. Kate ringni Shrub 12-5 N3P3
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia apetala Buch.- Kandal Undi Tree 4-6 N1P2
Ham.
Sterculiaceae
Dombeya mastersii Hk. Dombeya -- Shrub 1-12 N2P2
Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudraksha Tree 3-10 N2P3
Helicteres isora L. Kewan Atai Shrub 8-12 N1P3
Pterospermum acerifolium Muchkund Muchkund Tree 12-6 N1P3
(L.) Willd
16
1 2 3 4 5 6
Sterculia foetidia L. Jangli badam Tree 3-6 N3P3
Sterculia urens Roxb. Kandol Kagdol Tree 3-4 N1P3
Tamaricaceae
Tamarix dioica Roxb. -- Khari Chhini Shrub 8-9 N3P2
Tiliaceae
Grewia damine Garertn. Barkudi Sisoti Tree 6-12 N2P2
Grewia eriocarpa A.L. Dhaman Gangeti Tree 2-5 N2P2
Juss.
Grewia hirsuta Vahl Govali Khad- Shrub 5-9 N2P2
dhaman
Grewia serrulata DC. Kala dhaman Shrub 9-2 N2P2
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Dhaman Dhamana Smal tree 4-9 N2P2
Triumfetta spp. Paroquet- Jipti Herbs, 8-9; N1P2
burr, etc. Shrubs 11-2
Typhaceae
Typha angustifolia L. Pan-kanis Gabajariyu Herb 3-10 P1
Ulmaceae
Holoptelea integrifolia Vavli Kanaji Tree 1-6 NP2
(Roxb.) Planch.
Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. Kapashi Kargol Tree 1-10 N3P3
Ranambada
Verbenaceae
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Vanjai -- Shrub 5-12 N2P3
Gaertn.
Duranta erecta L. Duranta Asmani Shrub 1-12 N2P2
kangni
Gmelina arborea Roxb. Shewan Seven Tree 11-12 N2P1
Lantana camara L. var. Ghaneri Dhanidaria Shrub 1-12 N3P3
aculeata (L.) Mold.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Gour Mundi -- Herb 8-12 N1P3
Greene
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Brazilian tea -- Under- 6-12 N2P3
(L.) Vahl shrub
Verbena officinalis L. Vervain Dariai Herb 12-8 N1P2
Vitex spp. Nagod Shrub 5-6 N2P2
Vitaceae
Vitis vinifera L. Draksha Draksha Climber 11-5 N3P3
Zingiberaceae
Curcuma spp. Haldi Haldi Herb 7-12 N3P2
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L. Lahangokhru Betagokhru Herb 1-12 N2P2
17
Bee Forage Plants
East Zone

Enumeration of sources of Bee forage for honeybees in Bihar State
Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar
/Botanical Name name name period
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L. --- Prickly chaff Jan-Dec Medium Medium

flower
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. --- --- July - Mar Major Medium
Alternanthera sessilis (L) --- -- Jan - Dec Major Medium

R.Br. ex DC.
Amaranthus caudatus L. Ramdana Feb-Mar Minor Minor
Amaranthus spinosus L. Kataili Prickly July - Dec Major Medium

chaula amaranth
Celosia argentea L. Sufaid Quail grass Jan-Dec Medium Medium

Murgha
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium occidentale L. Kajoo Cashew Nut Feb Minor Major

Tree
Mangifera indica L. Aam Mango Feb-Mar Minor Major
Apiaceae
Anethum sowa Kurz. Sowa Dill Jan - Mar Major Major
Coriandrum sativum L. Dhaniya Coriander Dec -Feb Major Major
Trachyspermum ammi L. Ajowain Carum Mar- Apr Minor Minor

(Jamain) Ajowan
Asclepiadaceae
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Ackwan Ak Feb. Major ---
Arecaceae
Borassus flabellifer L. Taar Palmyra May Major Major

Palam
1
Cocos nucifera L. Nariyal Coconut Jan to Feb Major ---
Phoenix sylvestris L. Khajoor Wild dates Feb Major ---

Asteraceae
Guizotia abyssinica Cass. Til Niger Apr Major Major
Helianthus annuus Linn. Suraj- Sun-flower Apr -May Major Major

mukhi
Parthenium hysterophorus L. --- Congress June Major ---

Grass
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens balsamina L. Gul- Garden Nov Minor Minor

mendhi Balsam
Bignoniaceae
Spathodea companulata Rugtoora Squirt Tree Mar - Jun Medium Major

Beauv.
Bombacaceae
Bombax ceiba L. Semal Silk cotton Feb -Mar Major Major
Boraginaceae
Cordia dichotoma Forst. Lasora -- May -June Minor Major
Brassicaceae
Brassica spp. Sarso,Rai, Mustard Oct - Feb Major Major

Toriya
Brassica olerecea L. Gobhi Cabbage Dec - Feb Minor Medium
Raphanus sativus L. Muli Radish Jan -Mar Major Major
Caesalpiniaceae
Caesalpinia Crista L. Karanja Fever nut June Major Major
Delonix regia (Boj) Rafin Gulmohar Gold Mohur Nov - Apr Medium Minor
2
Tamarindus indica L. Imli Tamarind Apr - May Minor Major
Tree
Cannabinaceae
Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Hemp May Major ---

Caricaceae
Carica papaya L. Papita Papaya Jan - June Minor Major
Combritaceae
Terminalia chebula Retz. Hirda Hirda May-Jun Medium Major
Commelinaceae
Commelina sp. Kanna Canchara Jun -Nov Minor Major
Cyanotis sp. Kanna --- Jan - Feb Minor Major
Cucurbitaceae
Momordica Chattela ---- Sep-Nov Minor Minor

cochinchinensis (Lour.)
Spreng.
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb Jhinga Ribbed Aug Sep Major Minor
guard
Luffa cylindrical (L.) M.J. Ghiura Cylendrical Aug -Sep Major Minor
Roem guard
Cucurbita maxima Duch Kohra Pumpkin Oct - Feb Major Minor
Citrullus vulgaris L. Tarabuj Watermelon Feb-Mar Major Major
Cucumis melo L. Kharbuj Melon Jul-Sep Minor Minor
Cucumis sativus L. Khira Melon Aug-Sep Minor Major
Benincasa hispda Bhua, Ash Gourd Oct - Feb Major Minor

Kohra
Trichosanthes anguina L. Chichra Snake guard Mar- Apr Major Minor
3
Momordica charantia L. Karela Bitter guard Jan- Mar Major Minor
Sep, Oct
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp. Motha Nut grass Dec- May Minor Major

Ghas

Euphorbiaceae
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amla Gooseberry Mar- Apr. Major Major

Purging nut
Jatropha gossipifolia L. Feb-May Minor Minor
Croton bonplandianum Mirchaiya Croton Mar-Jul, Minor ----

Baill Sep-Oct
Fabaceae
Abrus precatorius Wall. Gunja Jequirity Sep-Mar Major Major
Cajanus indicus Spreng. Arhar Arhar Mar-Apr. Major Medium
Cicer arietinum Linn. Chana Gram Jan-Feb Major Minor
Dolichos lablab Linn. Sem Butter Bean Dec-Feb Major Major
Lathyrus sativus Linn. Khesari Grass Pea Jan-Feb Major Major
Lens culinaris Medic. Massor Lentil Jan-Mar Minor Minor
Pisum sativum Linn. Matar Pea Dec- Mar Major Minor
Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanj Pongam tree May-June Minor Major
Phaseolus aureus Linn. Mung Green Gram June Major Major
Trifolium alexandrinum L. Berseem Berseem Mar-May Major Major
4
Trigonella foenumgraecum Methi Fenugreek Feb-Mar Minor Major
Linn.
Lamiaceae
Ocimum spp. Bantulsi Sweet basil Jun –Sep Minor Major
Leucas lavendulaefolia Gumma Linifolia May –Jun Minor Major

Ress Spreng
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Tulsi Holy bosil Dec-Jan Minor Major
Liliaceae
Allium cepa Linn. Pyaj Onion Mar- Apr Minor Major
Linaceae
Linum usitatissimum L. Tisi Linsedds Jan-Feb Major Minor

Lythraceae
Lawsonia inermis Linn. Mehdi Henna May Major Minor
Malvaceae
Abelmoschus esculentus Bhindi Lady’s Mar- Apr Medium ---

Moench finger
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Neem Margosa Apr- May Major Major
Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Mahogani Mahogani Apr Major Major
Menispermaceae
Cocculus hirsutus Diels. Jamtikibel --- Apr Minor Major
Mimosaceae
Acacia sp. Babul Acacia Apr-May Major Minor
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Sirish Sirish Apr- July Minor Major
Black
5
Albizia procera Benth. Sirish Sirish Apr- July Minor Major
White
Mimosa hamata Willd. Lajwanti Touch me Apr- June Major Minor

(Lajoni) not
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lamk. Sahjan Drumstick Jan -Feb Major Major
Musaceae
Musa paradisiaca Linn. Kela Banana Jan-Dec. Minor Major
Myrtaceae
Psidium guajava Linn. Amrud Guava May Major Minor
Callistemon linearia DC --- Bottle Brush Jan-Jun Minor Major
Eucalyptus sp. Safeda Eucalyptus Feb-Apr Major Major
Syzygium cumini Skeels Jamun Jamun Apr-Jun Major Major
Syzygium sp. Kath Jamun Wild Jamun May Major Major

Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. Til Gingili 7 year Major Major
Poaceae
Ochlandra travancorica Baans Bamboo 7 year Major Major

Benth. ex Gamble
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii --do-- Bamboo 30 to 40 Major Major

Nees & Arn. Years
Bambusa sp. --do-- Bamboo 32 to 39 Major Major

Years
Oryza sativa Linn Dhan Paddy Sept-Oct Major
Hordeum vulgare Linn. Jau Barley May-Jun Major Major
6
Zea mays Linn. Makai Maize Jan-May Major
Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus sp. Ber Jujube Oct-Nov. Major Major
Rosaceae
Rosa spp. Gulab Rose Nov-Mar Major Minor
Rubiaceae
Wendlandia thyrsoidea Bankat Showla Mar- Apr Minor Major

Steud.
Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamb Kadamba May June Major Major

(Roxb.) Miq.
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa Bel Bael tree June Major Major
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Nimbu Lemmon Jan-June Major Major
Citrus maxima Chakotra Shaddock Jan-June Major Major

pumelo

Sapindaceae
Nephelium litchi Camb. Litchi Litchi Mar Major Major

Kusum Lac Tree
Schleichera oleosa Oken. Apr Major Major
Sapotaceae
Mahua Butter Tree
Bassia latifolia Roxb. Apr Major Minor
Bakula Bakula
Mimusops elengi L. May-Jul --- Minor
Scrophulariaceae
Verbascum thapsus L. Bantam- Mullein Apr Medium Minor

bakoo
7
Solanaceae
Baigan Bringjal
Solanum melongena L. Jan-Mar Major ----
Mircha Capsicum
Capsicum annuum Linn. Jan- Feb Major Minor
Tamatar Tomato
Lycopersicon lycopersicum Dec- May Major Minor
Korst.
Tiliaceae
Falsa
Grewia sp. Apr Major Major
Patson White Jute
Corchorus capsularis L. May -June Major Minor
/Jute
Sanai Jew’s
Corchorus olitorius L. Apr- May. Major Minor
Mallow
Bee flora of Jharkhand State
Family/ Local Name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar

Botanical name period
Acanthaceae
Astercantha longifolia Nees -- -- Aug - Sep --- Minor
Justicia gandarussa Burm.f Bankash Justicia Jan - Feb Minor Minor
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Kanta saag Prickly Jan-Feb, Minor --
amaranthus Oct
Anacardiaceae
Mangifera indica Linn. Aam Mango Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Spondias pinnata Kurtz. Deshi Amrah Hog-plum Feb – Mar -- Medium
Apiaceae
Coriandrum sativam Linn. Dhania Coriander Feb - Mar Major Major
Daucas carota Linn Gajar Carrot Mar – Apr Minor Minor
Apocynaceae
Carissa carandus Linn. Karonda Karaunda Jan - Feb -- Minor
Arecaceae
Borassus flabellifer Linn. Tar Palmyra Dec Minor --
Cocos nucifera Linn. Nariel Coconut Jan-Dec Major -Minor
Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Khejur Wild dates Feb – Mar Major --
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoids Linn. Vchunti Goat weed Dec – Jan Minor --
8
May – Oct
Helianthus annuus Linn. Surajmukhi Sunflower Jan – Feb Medium Major
Parthenium hysterophorus Congress Congress Jul - Dec Minor --
Linn. grass grass
Eupartorium odoratum --- --- Nov – Dec Minor Minor
Tagetes erecta Linn. Ganda Marigold Nov - Mar Minor Minor
Tridax procumbens Linn. Marada Tridax Nov - Jan Minor Minor
chood
Vernonia cineria Less Putuish Purple Nov – Dec Minor Medium
fleabane
souten
Guizotia abyssinica Cav Sarguga Niger Dec - Jan Minor Major
Bombacaceae
Ceiba pentadra Linn. Swet simul Silk cotton Feb Medium Medium
Bombax ceiba Linn. Shimool Red Feb – Apr Medium Medium
Silkcotton
Brassicaceae
Brassica campestris Linn. Sarsoo Mustard Dec – Feb Major Major
Raphanus sativus Linn Mulli Radish Jan – Mar Minor Minor
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia variegate Linn. Koiner Kanchan Mar Minor Minor
Cassia fistula Linn. Amaltaas Indian May – Jun Minor Minor
Laburnum
Cassia tora Linn. Chota -- Sep – Oct Minor --
Chakor
Delonix regia Rafin. Gulmohar Flame tree Apr – May Medium Minor
Tamarindus indica Linn. Imli Tamarind May – Jun Medium Major
Cannabinaceae
Cannabis sativa Ganja True hemp Feb Medium --
Chenopodiaceae
Chinopodium album Linn. Bathua saag Lamb’s Feb – Mar Minor ---
quarters
Combretaceae
Quisqualis indica Linn Rangoon Rangoon Apr – Jul Minor Minor
creeper
creeper
Terminalia arjuna Wt. &Arn. Arjun Arjun May – Jun Medium Medium
Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Bahera Belleric Mar-May Minor Minor
myrobalan
Terminelia chebula Retiz. Harra Chebula Feb-Mar Minor Minor
myrobalan
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis Kanna Commelina Aug – Oct Minor Minor
Linn.
Cyanotis sp. Cyanotis Jan – Sep Minor --
9
Cucurbitaceae
Cucumis sativus Linn. Khira sasha Kakadi Feb – Oct Minor Minor
Cucurbita maxima Kohra Creeper Feb – May Medium Minor
Duchesne
Luffa acutangula Roxb. Ghongra Ribbed Aug – Oct Minor Minor
guard
Momordica charantia Linn. Karela Bitter Guard Apr – Oct, Medium Minor
Jan
Cyperaceae
Cyperus rotundus Linn. Mutha Nut grass Nov – Jan Minor --
Dypterocarpaceae
Shorea robusta Gaertn. f Sal / Sakhua Sal Feb – Mar Minor --
Euphorbiaceae
Croton bonplandianum Bail. Mirchaiya --- Jun – Jul Minor --
Jota!lonka
Emblica officinale Gaertn. Amla Amla Apr Minor --
Chrozophora sp. ----- --- Apr – Jun Minor ---
Sep – Dec
Euphorbia hirta Barokhervi ---- June – Jul Minor ---
Fabaceae
Butea monosperma Taub Palash Flame of the Feb- Apr Minor Major
forest
Cajanas cajan Millsp. Arhar Pigeon pea Jan – Mar Medium Medium
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sisu Rose wood Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Dolichos lablab Savi. Shim Beans Jan – Mar Minor Minor
Lathyrus sativus Linn, Khesari Grass pea Jan-Feb Minor Medium
Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Udid Black gram Feb – May __ Minor
Phaseolus mungo Linn. Mung green gram Aug – Sep Minor Minor
Pisum sativum Linn. Matar Peas Dec – Jan Minor ---
Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanj Indian May – Jun Minor Major
Beech tree
Cicer arietinum Linn. Chana Bengal gram Jan – Feb Minor --
Crotolaria retusa Linn. Shanai Hemp Dec – Jan Minor --
Lathyrus sativus Linn. Khesari Chickling
vetch
Indigofera tinctoria Linn --- Jul- Nov -- Minor
Lamiaceae
Leoneurus sibiricus Linn Bara gumma Siberian Sep – Jan Minor Minor
motherwort
Leucas aspera Spreng. Gumma Gumma Jul – Sep -- Minor
Ocimum basilicum Linn. Bantulsi Sweet basil Sep – Jan Minor Minor
Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Jangli Tulsi Shrubby Nov – Dec -- Minor
basil
10
Liliaceae
Allium cepa Linn. Pianj Onion Feb – May Minor Minor
Allium sativum Linn. Rasum Garlic Dec – Mar -- Minor
Linaceae
Linum usitatisimum Lin. Tisi Linsedds Jan-Feb Minor Minor
Lythraceae
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers Jarul Queen Apr Minor --
cramp myrtle
Punica granatum Linn. Anar Pomogra- Mar – Apr Minor --
nate
Malvaceae
Gossypium herbaceum Kapas Cotton Dec – Jan Minor Major
Meliaceae
Azadiracta indica A. Juss Neem Neem May – Jun Minor --
Toona Ciliata Tun Toon Mar – Apr Minor Major
Mimosaceae
Acacia auriculaeiformis A. Acacia Akasi Dec – Jan Medium Minor
Cunn. Aug-Oct
Albizia lebbeck Benth. Sirish Siris tree Feb – Apr Minor Medium
Leucaena Lucocephola Dc wit Subapul Subabul Mar April Minor --
Mimosa pudica Lajwanti Touch me Jul – Oct Minor Minor
not
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lamk. Shunti/ Drum stick Jan – Mar Medium Major
Munga Sep – Oct
Moraceae
Morus indica Tunt Mulbery Mar Minor Minor
Musaceae
Musa paradisiacal Linn. Kela Banana Jan-Dec -- Minor

Myrtaceae
Syzium cumini Skells Kala Jamun Jamun Apr – May Medium Medium
Eucalyptus sp. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Aug – Dec Minor Major
Psidium guajava Linn Amrud Guava Feb – April Minor Minor
Nyctaginaceae
Marabilis jalapa Linn. 4 O’ Clock 4 O’ Clock May – Aug Minor --
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata -- Aug – Sep Minor --
Pedaliaceae
Seamum indicum Linn. Til Gingili Sep – Oct, Minor Major
Dec,
Myrtynia diandra Bagh nakhi Jul- Aug -- Minor
11
Poaceae
Andropogon ascinoidis Cattle grass Jul – Sep Minor ---
C.B.Clarke
Bambusa arundinaceae Willd. Bansh Bamboo Jan – Mar Major --
Cynodon dactilon Pers Dubhi, Durba Dhub grass Jun – Jul Minor --
Ghass
Dendrocalamus strictus Nees Muli bansh Solid Jan-Mar Major --
Bamboo
Oryza sativa Linn. Dhan Paddy Nov Minor --
Sorghum vulgare Linn. Jawar Pearl millet May Medium --
Triticum astivum Linn. Genhu Dec Minor --
Hordium vulgare Linn. Barley Jan – Feb Minor --
Zea mays Linn. Makka Feb – Mar Major --
May - Sep
Pontederiaceae
Eichornia crassipes salms Kochueipana Jul – Dec Minor --
Rhaminaceae
Zizyphus jujube Mill. Ber Jujube Aug – Sep, Minor Major
Feb,
Rosaceae
Pyrus cuminis Linn. Pear Pear Feb-Mar Minor ---
Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. Kadam Kadamba Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos Correa. Bael Bael tree May – Jun Minor Minor
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Nibu Lemon Feb –Mar Minor Minor
July
Glycosmis pentaphylla DC Tooth brush Wild nimbu Aug – Oct -- Minor
plant
Limonia accidissima Linn. Kawat Wood apple May - Jun Medium Minor
Sapindaceae
Nephelium litchi Cambess Litchi Litchi Feb – Mar Minor Major
Sapindus sp. Dhelakanata/ -- Mar -Apr Medium Minor
Ankar
Schichera oleosa Oken Kusum Lac Tree Feb - Mar Medium Minor
Sapotaceae
Madhuca indica j.f. Gamel Mahua Indian butter Mar – Apr Medium Medium
tree
Scrophulariaceae
Scoparia dulcis Linn. -- Sweet Jun - Sep Minor --
broom weed
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum Linn. Lanka Mirchi Jan – Dec Minor --
Lycoparcicum esculentum Tamatar Tomato Sep – Jan Minor --
12
Verbinaceae
Clerodendrum inreme Bhant --- Feb – Apr Minor Medium
Gaertn.
Gmelina arborea Linn. Gumari Gulmhar Mar – Apr ---- Minor
Lantana camara Linn. Putush Lantana Jan – Dec Minor Minor
Tictona grandis Linn. Saagoan Teak Jul - Aug Minor --
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Chirchiti Bustard Apr - Sep -- Minor
vervain
Vahl.
Bee forage of Orissa

Family / Trade Name Local name Flowering Nectar Pollen
Botanical Name Period
Acanthaceae
Adhatoda zeylanica Malabar nut - April-Nov Minor Medium
Medic.
Barleria cristata L. - Nov- Mar Medium Major
Hygrophila serpyllum - Jul-Feb Major Major
(Nees) T.Anders
Rungia repens Nees - Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Agavaceae
Agave americana L. Century plant Birhotokumari Sept – Nov Minor Minor
Polianthus tuberosa L. Tube rose - Jan – Dec Major
Yucca filamentosa L. Adam’s - Jun- Sept Medium Medium
needle
Alangiaceae
Alangium salvifolium Ankol, - Mar –June Medium Medium
(L.f.) Wang.
Amaranthaceae
Achyranthes aspera L. Prickly chaff - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
flower
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Dholimundi Paunsis Jul- March Medium Major
ex Schult.
Alternanthera sessilis Giojihra - Jan – Dec Medium Major
(L.) R.Br. ex DC.
Amaranthus spinosus Prickly - Jul –Dec Medium Major
L. Amaranth
Celosia argentea L. Quail grass - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
Anacardiaceae
Anacardium Cashew nut - Jan – May Major Medium
occidentale L.
Buchanania Calumpang Charee Jan – May Medium Minor
cochinchinensis (Lour.) nut
Almeida
13
Lannea coromandelica Jhingan, Moi, indramai Feb - May Medium Medium
(Houtt.) Merr.
Mangifera indica L. Mango - Mar –April Medium Minor
Semecarpus Marking nut Balia, Bhollia Jun – Jul Medium Minor
anacardium L.f.
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Hog plum Ambula, Feb- Mar Medium Medium
Kurz Amoda
Apiaceae
Coriandrum sativum L. Coriander - Mar –Aug Major Major
Apocynaceae
Vallaris solanacea Bono konerinoi, Dec – April Medium Medium
(Roth) O.Ktze. Hopormoli
Wrightia tinctoria Indigo plant Pita karuan, March – Major Minor
R.Br. Dudhokriya June

Arecaceae
Borassus flabellifer L. Toddy palm - Jan – Dec Major Major
Cocos nucifera L. Coconut palm - Jan – Dec Major Major
Phoenix humilis Dwarf date Bukhor, Jura, Feb - March Major Minor
Becc.& Hk.f. palm Kojiri
Phoenix sylvestris Wild date Khajuri, Kojari Dec - Feb Medium Minor
Roxb palm, etc.
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias curassavica Milkweed - April – Jun Medium Medium
L.
Calotropis gigantea Jilledu - Medium Major
(L.) Ait
Asteraceae
Cosmos spp. Cosmos - Sept –Nov Minor Medium
Eupatorium odoratum Through-wort - Jul – Sept Medium Minor
L.
Guizotia abyssinica Niger, kalatil - Sept –Nov Major Major
(L.f.) Cass.
Helianthus annuus L. Common - Jan – Dec Major Major
Sunflower
Parthenium Parthenium - Jan – Dec Minor Minor
hysterophorus L.
Sphaeranthus indicus Bodasaram, Murisa, Nov – May Medium Major
L. sitadori Bokashungi
Tridax procumbens L. Mexican daisy - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
Xanthium indicum Burweed - March – Jun Minor Major
Koen.
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens spp. Balsam Haragaura Jun – Sept Major Medium
14
Barringtoniaceae
Barringtonia racemosa Samudraphala - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
(L.) Spr.
Berberis lycium Royle Barberry - April – Jun Medium Major
Bignoniaceae
Dolichandrone spp. Nuruddi, - March – Jun Minor Medium
Oroxylum indicum (L). Pampini, ullu Phapni, April – Jun Minor Medium
Vent. Phonphonia
Spathodea African tulip - March – Jun Minor Medium
campanulata Beauv.
Stereospermum spp. Gajpipal Pamphunia April – Jun Minor Medium
Bixaceae
Bixa orellana L. Annatto, - Feb – April N Major
Bombacaceae
Adansonia digitata L. Baobab, - April – June Major Major
gorakhimli
Bombax ceiba L. Red silk Buroh, Bouro Feb - March Major Major
cotton tree
Ceiba pentandra (L.) White silk - March – Major Major
Gaertn. cotton tree May
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum spp. Hounds - May – Sept Minor Minor
tongue
Ehretia acuminata Ivory wood - Feb – April Major Medium
R.Br.
Heliotropium indicum Naga danti Hati-sura Jan – Dec Medium Medium
L.
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea (L) Indian - Dec – Mar Medium Medium
Czern. & Coss. mustard
Raphanus sativus L. Radish - Feb – Mar Major Major
Burseraceae
Boswellia serrata Indian - April – Jun Minor Medium
Roxb. ex Colebr. olibanum
Canarium strictum Black dam- - Mar –May Minor Medium
Roxb. mar,
Garuga pinnata Roxb. Garugu Mohi, sampotri April – May Minor Medium
Cactaceae
Opuntia elatior Mill. Prickly pear, Nagapheria Aug – Mar Medium Medium
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia purpurea L. Kanchan - Sept – Dec Medium Minor
Bauhinia racemosa Are - Mar - April Medium Minor
Lamk.
15
Bauhinia vahli Wt. & Camel's foot - Mar –May Medium Minor
Arn. climber
Bauhinia variegata L. Geranium tree - Feb –April Medium Minor
Cassia auriculata L Tanners cassia - Oct –May Medium Medium
Cassia fistula. Indian - April –Jul Minor Minor
laburnum
Cassia occidentalis L. Negro coffee - Nov – Mar Medium Minor
Cassia tora L. - Aug –Dec Minor Minor
Caesalpinia crista L. Fever nut - Nov –April Minor Medium
Bonduc nut
Caesalpinia Peacock - Jan –Dec Minor Minor
pulcherrima (L.) Sw. flower
Delonix regia (Boj. ex Gulmohr - May – Jun Minor Medium
Hk.) Raf.
Hadwickia binata Anjan - Oct- Dec Medium Minor
Roxb.
Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem - Mar – Jun Minor Medium
L. thorn
Peltophorum Copper pod - Mar -May Medium Major
pterocarpum (DC.) tree
Baker ex Heyne
Tamarindus indica L. Tamarind Tentuli, Konye Mar – May Major Minor

Cannabinaceae
Cannabis sativa L. True Hemp - Jun – Sept Medium Medium
Capparaceae
Capparis grandis L.f. - April – May Minor Minor
Crataeva adansonii Vaivarna - April - May Medium Medium
var. odora (Buch.-
Ham.) Jacobs
Casuarinaceae
Casuarina equisetifolia Beefwood tree - Feb - April - Minor
L.
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium album L. Lambs - Mar – May, Minor Minor
Quarters Aug – Oct
Spinacia oleracea L Garden Palaksag Mar – May Minor Minor
spinach
Combretaceae
Anogeissus latifolia Axle wood - Dec - Jan Medium Major
(Roxb. ex DC.) Wall.
ex Guill. & Perr.
16
Calycopteris Kokaray Kukundia, Mar – Jul Minor Minor
floribunda (Roxb.) Dhonti
Poir.
Terminalia bellirica Belliric Bhara April – May N2P3 Minor
(Gaertn.) Roxb. Myrobalan
Terminalia cattappa L. Indian almond - Feb – Aug N1P3 Minor
Terminalia chebula Ink nut, hirda Harida May – Jun N1P2 Medium
Retz.
Commelinaceae
Commelina Venna - Jun – Dec Medium Medium
benghalensis L. veduru, etc.
Cyanotis cristata Idra - Jul - Sept N2P1 Major
D.Don
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis Deer’s Foot - April – Sept Minor Minor
L.
Cressa cretica L. Rudravanti - Jan – Dec Minor Medium
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Amar-vel - Jul – Oct P3 Minor
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Sweet potato Kanda Aug – Nov N2P3 Minor
Lam.
Cucurbitaceae
Cucumis melo L. Melon, - Jul – Sept Medium Medium
cantaloupe
Cucumis sativus L. Khira - Jul – Sept Medium Medium
Cucurbita maxima Red Gourd - April – Jun Medium Medium
Duch. ex Lam.
Cucurbita pepo L. Pumpkin - April – Jun Medium Medium
Luffa acutangula (L.) Ribbed gourd - May –Jul Medium Medium
Roxb.
Luffa cylindrica (L.) Sponge gourd - May –Jul Medium Medium
M.J. Roem.
Momordica charantia Bitter gourd, - May – Oct Major Medium
L.
Momordica dioica Bitter gourd - May – Oct Major Medium
Roxb. ex Willd.
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Chayote, - Jul – Nov Medium Medium
Sw. Chow-Chow
Cyperaceae
Cyperus spp. Motha - Jan – Nov - Major
Dilleniaceae
Dillenia indica L. Chalta, Uvu Mar - April Minor Major
Dillenia pentagyna Karmal Rai Jan – Mar Minor Major
Roxb.
Dioscoreaceae
17
Dioscorea pentaphylla Duka - Aug – Dec - Major
L. pendalum
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpus spp. Black dammar - Dec – Feb Minor Medium
Shorea robusta Gaertn. Sal, guggal Sal, Sagua Feb – Mar Minor Major
Ebenaceae
Diospyros melanoxylon Ebony Kendu Jan – April Major Minor
Roxb.
Diospyros ovalifolia - May – Jun Major Minor
Wt.
Euphorbiaceae
Antidesma acidum Tessi - Jan – Oct Minor Minor
Retz.
Aporosa spp. Mossu Dec – April Medium Major
Bischofia javanica Bl. Bishop wood - Feb – March Minor Minor
Bridelia retusa (L.) Kasi - Jun – Aug Medium Minor
Spr.
Chrozophora rottleri - April – Jul Minor Medium
(Gies.) Juss.
Drypetes roxburghii Putranjiva - April - May Minor Medium
(Wall.) Hurus.
Emblica officinalis Emblic - Mar – May Minor Medium
Gaertn. myrobalan
Euphorbia antiquorum Tridhra - Nov – Jan Medium Medium
L. sehund
Euphorbia pulcherrima Lal patti - Jan – Dec Minor Medium
Willd. ex Klot.
Euphorbia royleana Euphorbia - April - May Minor Minor
Boiss.
Excoecaria agallocha Blinding tree Gowan Mar – April Major Medium
L.
Glochidion spp. Kalchia, bho- Marangmata, Feb – May Minor Medium
ma, nirveti China
Jatropha curcas L. Physic nut Jhazigaba Jun – Sept Medium Medium
Jatropha gossipifolia Belly ache - Jan – Dec N2P1 Major

L. bush
Macaranga spp. Chandada, Piania, Jan - March NP2 Medium
vatta Gondaguria
Mallotus spp. Kamala dye Sinduri Aug – Nov - Major
tree
Ricinus communis L. Castor - May – Aug - Medium
Sapium sebiferum (L.) Chinese Ronojita May – Jun Minor Medium
Roxb. tallow tree
18
Synadenium grantii African milk - Jan – Dec Medium Minor
Hk.f. bush
Fabaceae
Butea monosperma Flame of the - May – Sept Medium -
(Lam.) Taub. forest, Palas
Cajanus cajan (L.) Pigeon pea - May – Sept Major Medium
Millsp.
Cicer arietinum L. Bengal Gram - Feb Minor Medium
Erythrina variegata L. Indian Coral - Mar – Jun Medium Medium
tree
Glycine max (L.)Merr. Soyabean - Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Ougeinia oojainensis Sandan Bandhona,
(Roxb.) Hochr. Banjan
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Indian beech Korano Mar – Jun Major Major
Pierre
Pterocarpus Kino tree, Byasa Mar – May Medium Medium
marsupium Roxb. yegisa
Sesbania grandiflora Basna, agasthi Ogosti, Buko Feb - April Minor Major
(L.) Poir.
Vigna mungo (L.) Black gram - Jan – Mar Medium Medium
Hepper
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Golden gram - Jan – Mar Medium Medium
Wilczek
Flacourtiaceae
Flacourtia indica Sweet thorn - Sept – Feb Major Medium
(Burm.f.) Merr.
Flacourtia jangomas Puneala Plum Baincha Sept – Feb Medium Medium
(Lour.) Raeusch.
Gentianaceae
Swertia spp. Chiretta - Aug – Oct Minor Minor
Geraniaceae
Geranium spp. Geraniums - May – Sept Minor Minor
Lamiaceae
Anisomeles indica (L.) - Aug – Oct Medium Medium
O.Ktze.
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Purolo, Oct – Mar Medium Medium
Poit. Gangatulsi
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Bhutamari Nov – Mar Minor Minor
Link
Leucas ciliata Bth. Burumbi Oct – Jan Minor Minor
Ocimum spp. Basils, tulsi, Dhala tulsi Jun – Sept Minor Minor
etc.
Salvia spp. Sage - Jul – Oct Medium Medium
Lauraceae
19
Cassytha filiformis L. Amarvel - Jul – April Minor Minor
Litsea glutinosa (Lour) Jaisanda Jan – Oct Major Major
C.B. Robin.
Lecythidaceae
Careya arborea Roxb. Kumbha, - Feb - April Minor Medium
Leeaceae
Leea spp. Hansia- Hatikanopotro Mar – Sept Minor Medium
dhapan
Liliaceae
Allium cepa L. Onion - May – Jun Minor Minor
Allium sativum L. Garlic - May – Jun Minor Minor
Asparagus spp. Asparagus - Aug – Nov Medium Medium
Gloriosa subperba L. Malabar glory Ognisikha, Jul – Nov Minor Medium
lily Panujangulia
Scilla hyacinthina Mc South Indian - Jun – Sept Minor Minor
Br. Squill
Linaceae
Linum spp. Flax, etc. - Jan – Dec Medium Major
Loganiaceae
Strychnos nux-vomica Nuxvomica, Kachila, Kosila Feb – April Medium Major
L.
Strychnos potatorum L. Clearing nut Kotaku Feb – April Medium Major
tree,
Loranthaceae
Dendrophthoe falcata Banda Bridhongo Mar – May Medium Medium
(L.f.) Ettings.
Viscum spp. Mistletoes - Jul – Nov Medium Medium
Lythraceae
Lagerstroemia indica Pride of India, - Jul – Sept Medium Medium
L.
Lagerstroemia Nandi, bondar Salora April – Jun Major Medium
parviflora Roxb.
Lawsonia inermis L. Henna plant Benjati Mar – Sept Minor Major
Woodfordia fruticosa Fire-flame Jatiko, harwari Mar – Nov Major Medium
(L.) Kurz bush, Dhaiti
Malpighiaceae
Aspidopterys indica Bandi kota - Aug – Dec Medium Medium
(Willd.) Theob. teega
Malvaceae 1-7
Abutilon spp. Thutti, etc. - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
Gossypium arboreum Cotton Karpaso, kopa Jul – Sept Minor Minor
L.
Hibiscus cannabinus L. Deccanhemp Kanuriya Jul – Aug Minor Minor
20
Kydia calycina Roxb. Pula, warang Bankopasia, Feb – April Minor Medium
bharimo
Sida acuta Burm.f. Ancharna, Sept – Dec Minor Major
siobola,
sunakhodika
Sida cordifolia L. Badianaula, Sept - Dec Minor Major
bisvokopari
Urena lobata L. Boriyal Bilokapasiva Jul - Nov Minor Medium
Melastomataceae
Melastoma Palore Gongai, koroti Mar – Sept Minor Minor
malabathricum L.
Meliaceae
Aglaia spp. Karagil - Jan – Feb Minor Medium
Azadirachta indica Margosa - May – Sept Medium Minor
Juss.
Melia azedarach L. Bead tree - Jan - Jul Medium Medium
Swietenia spp. Mahogani - April – Jun Medium Medium
Menispermaceae
Cocculus hirsutus Chintil, gol- - Aug - Nov Minor Major
Theob. uncha, gunge
Mimosaceae
Acacia auriculiformis Australian - Jan - May Medium Medium
A. Cunn. ex Bth. acacia
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Cutch tree, - Feb - May Major Medium
Willd. khair
Acacia concinna Soap pod - Feb - May Major Major
(Willd.) DC.
Acacia leucophloea Panicled - Aug - Nov Medium Major
(Roxb.) Willd. acacia, safed
kikar
Adenanthera pavonina Coral wood - Feb - May Medium Medium
L.
Albizia amara (Roxb.) Siris - Mar – May Medium Medium
Boiv.
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Siris - Mar – May Medium Medium
Bth.
Dichrostachys cinerea Virtuli, - Jun - Nov Medium Medium
(L.) Wt. & Arn. var. vadathali
indica Bren. & Brum.
Entada rheedei Spreng. St. Thomas Geredi Mar – May Minor Medium
bean, gila
Leucaena latisiliqua Subabul Rajokasundiri Mar – Oct Minor Medium
(L.) Gillis
Mimosa hamata Willd. Jheryihani - Nov - Dec Major Medium
21
Mimosa pudica L. Sensitive Lajkuri Jul - Nov Major Major
plant
Mimosa rubicaulis Bramble stalk, - Aug – Dec Major Medium
Lam. kasari,
Prosopis juliflora Mesquite, deb - Sept – Mar Major Major
(Swartz) DC. babul
Xylia xylocarpa Irul, pynikado Boja, kongora, Mar – April Medium Medium
(Roxb.) Taub. tangini
Moraceae
Artocarpus Jackfruit tree - Mar - April - Minor
heterophyllus Lam.
Morus alba L. White Tuto, tuticoli Mar – April - Medium
Mulberry
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lam. Drumstick Sajina Jan – Dec Major Medium
tree
Musaceae
Musa pradisiaca L. Banana - Mar – Dec Minor Minor
Myrsinaceae
Aegiceras Halsi, - Jan – Dec Major Medium
corniculatum (L.) narikandam
Blanco
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus spp. Eucalypt - Feb - April, Major Major
Oct – Dec
Syzygium cumini (L.) Jambolan, Jamo April – Jun Major Major
Skeels Java plum
Syzygium jambos (L.) Rose apple Golab jamli Feb - Jun , Major Major
Alst. Sept - Nov
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia spp. Spreading - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
hog-weed
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea spp. Water lily Rangkain, Jan – Dec Minor Major
Dhabalakin
Oleaceae
Schrebera Mokha, Janlia, Feb - May Medium Medium
swietenioides Roxb. Weaver’s Nemibure
Beam
Papavaraceae
Argemone mexicana L. Pivla Dhotra - May – Jul - Minor
Papaver spp. Poppy - Mar – May Minor Major
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum indicum L. Sesamum Khasa, Rasi Jul – Sept Minor Minor
Piperaceae
22
Peperomia spp. Luchipata, - Jul - Nov - Medium
sumlako
Piper longum C.DC. Indian long - Jan – Oct Minor Medium
pepper
Piper nigrum L. Black pepper - Jan – Oct Minor Medium
Poaceae
Bambusa spp. Thorny - Jul – Aug Minor Major
Bamboo
Cynodon dactylon Pers. Dub grass - May –Sept - Minor
Dendrocalamus spp. Bamboo, Salia, Bhonso Oct – Nov - Major
choya bans,
Eleusine coracana (L.) Ragi - Oct – Nov Medium Major
Gaertn.
Oplismenus spp. Nini, Kauguria Oct - Nov Medium Major
Oryza sativa L. Paddy, rice - Sept – Nov Minor Minor
Panicum spp. Panic - Jul - Nov - Major
Pennisetum Spiked Millet - Oct - Nov Minor Major
americanum (L.)
K.Schum.
Sorghum vulgare Pers. Pearl millet, Jonna Jan – Dec Medium Major
Polygalaceae
Polylgala spp. Meradu, - April – Aug Minor Medium
Milkwort
Polygonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hk. Railway or - Jan – Dec Major Major
& Arn. coral creeper
Polygonum spp. Polygonum. Muthi saga Jun - Sept Medium Medium
Rumex spp. Sorrel, dock, Jun – Dec Medium Medium
etc.
Portulacaceae
Portulaca pilosa Hk. Portulaca Purunidag Jun - Sept Medium Major
ssp. grandiflora (Hk.)
Gees.
Proteaceae
Grevillea robusta Silver Oak - Mar – Jun Major Major
A.Cunn. ex R.Br.
Ranunculaceae
Naravelia zeylanica Rashgagri - Feb - April Minor Medium
(L.) DC.
Rhamnaceae
Scutia myrtina Tuvadi, - Oct - April Major Minor
(Burm.f.) Kurz gariki,
Ventilago spp. Pitti, Bonga Nov – Mar Medium Minor
sarjom, surul
23
Ziziphhus jujuba Mill. Chinese - Mar – Jun ; Major Major
Jujube Dec – Feb
Ziziphhus nummularia Wild Jujube Bodokoli, April – Jun Major Minor
(Burm.f.) Wt. & Arn. Barkoli, Bodori
Ziziphhus oenopila (L.) Jackal Jujube Borokoli, Jan - May Minor Medium
Mill. Kontakoli
Ziziphhus rugosa Churna Simukoli Jan – May Minor Major
Lamk.
Ziziphhus xylopyra Kat-ber, Gotti, Got, Gotobora, Mar –Dec Minor Medium
(Retz.) Willd. Suti Kantabobul
Rosaceae
Potentilla spp. Silver weed - Jun – Aug Medium Minor
Rubiaceae
Canthium Kirna, palaga - May –Oct Major Medium
coromndelicum
(N.Burm.) Alst.
Catunaregam spinosa Common Patova May –Nov Major Major
(Thunb.) Tirveng. emetic nut
Coffea arabica L. Arabian - Mar Major Medium
Coffee
Coffea robusta Lind. Congo Coffee - Mar Major Medium
Gardenia latifolia Boxwood Damkurdu, Mar – Nov Minor Medium
Soland. Gardenia Jantia,
Kotaranga
Hedyotis spp. Khet papra - Feb –May Medium Medium
Hymenodictyon spp. Kuthan, Bodoka, Konoo Jun –Jul Medium Minor
bhaulan
Mitragyna parviflora Kaim, Kadam Mur, Gudikaima Mar –may Minor Medium
(Roxb.) Korth.
Morinda pubescens - Mar – Aug Minor Medium
J.E. Sm.
Pavetta crassicaulis Pavattai Phingi, Feb – May Minor Medium
Bremek. Kotapongu
Wendlandia tinctoria Tula-lodh Telli Feb – April Major Major
DC.
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos (L.) Bael tree, - Mar –June Medium Major
Corr. maredu,
Atalantia malabarica Wild lime - Nov- Jan Medium Medium
(Rafin.) Tanaka
Atalantia racemosa - Nov –Jan Medium Medium
Wt.
Citrus medica L. Citron - Mar – April Major Major
24
Glycosmis pentaphylla Ban-nimbu Chowaldua Mar – Oct Medium Major
(Retz) DC.
Limonia acidissima L. Wood apple, - Feb – Mar Medium Medium
Murraya koenigii (L.) Curry leaf tree Barsan, Mar – Sept Minor Medium
Spr. Bhursunga
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Wild orange, Tundpora Feb – April Medium Medium
Lamk.
Zanthoxylum spp. Hanjor, Mar –Jun Minor Medium
tirphal
Family / Trade Name Local name Flowerin Nectar Pollen

Botanical Name g Period
Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum Balloon vine - Jul - Oct Medium Medium
halicacabum L. heartseed
Dodonea viscosa (L.) Sinatha, Mohra Jul - Oct Medium Medium
Jacq. Jakhmi,
Lepisanthes spp. Korivi, netota - Feb - Mar Minor Minor
ritha
Nephelium chinensis Litchi Panikusum Mar - April Major Medium
(Lour.) Almeida
Sapindus emarginatus Soapnut Muktamaya, Oct - Dec Major Medium
Vahl Muktimonjro
Schleichera oleosa Ceylon oak, Kusamo, Feb - Mar Medium Medium
(Lour.) Oken kusum, Rusam, Kussum
Sapotaceae
Aisandra butyracea Indian butter - Feb - May Major Medium
(Roxb.) Baehni tree
Madhuca longifolia Mowra butter Mahula, Moha Feb - May Major Medium
(Koen.) Mac Br. tree
Xantolis tomentosa Jastimadhu, Kanta bohul, Feb - May Medium Medium
(Roxb.) Raf. Kantabora
Scrophulariaceae
Scoparia dulcis L. Sweet broom - April - Nov Minor Medium
weed
Striga spp. Agia, Talap - Jun - Dec Minor Medium
pallipondu
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus excelsa Tree of hea- Mahala, Feb - April Medium Medium
Roxb. ven, Mahanim
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum L. Chilli - Jul - Oct Medium Minor
Capsicum frutescens L. Bird chilli - Aug - Oct Medium Minor
Datura stramonium L. Tharn Apple - Jun - Sept Minor -
25
Lycopersicon Tomato - Mar - Oct Minor Minor
lycopercicum (L.)
Karsten.
Sterculiaceae
Guazuma ulmifolia L. Rudraksha Debodaru Jul – Oct Medium Minor
Helicteres isora L. East Indian Murmuria, Muri Jul – Dec Major Minor
Screw tree muri
Kleinhovia hospita L. Kleinhovia, - May - Sept Medium Medium
Pterospermum Kanak Kanoko April - Nov Major Minor
acerifolium (L.) Willd champa champa,
Sterculia foetidia L. Jangli badam - Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Sterculia urens Roxb. Gum karaya Kavili Mar – Apr Major Minor
Tiliaceae
Corchorus spp. Jute plant, - Aug - Minor Medium
banpat March
Grewia hirsuta Vahl Kakarundah Kulo Dec –Sept Medium Medium
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Dhaman, Dec - Aug Medium Medium
Dhamura
Triumfetta spp. Paroquet-burr, Bojormuli, Aug - Sept; Major Medium
etc. Jotojuti Nov - Feb
Typhaceae
Typha angustifolia L. Lesser Indian - May – Jul - Major
reed-mace
Ulmaceae
Holoptelea integrifolia Indian elm, Dauranja, Jan – June Minor Medium
(Roxb.) Planch. Turuda
Trema orientalis (L.) Charcoal tree Jivani, Feb – Jul Minor Minor
Bl. Kharkas
Urticaceae
Pilea spp. Artillary - Sept - Nov Minor Medium
plant, etc.
Verbenaceae
Clerodendrum inerme - May –Dec Medium Minor
(L.) Gaertn.
Duranta erecta L. Duranta - Jan – Dec Medium Medium
Gmelina arborea Gumhar, Gambari, Nov - Dec Medium Major
Roxb. sivna Bhodropornni
Lantana camara L. var. Wild sage, - Jan – Dec Minor Minor
aculeata (L.) Mold. Lantana
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Jalbutti, - Jan – Dec Major Minor
Greene ninkhadi,
bokkana
Premna tomentosa Bastard teak Kotusumonthi, Mar - Jun Major Medium
Willd. Moria
26
Premna spp. konda-manga, Aguyabat, Mar - Jun Major Medium
Aganyo, etc. Jalajali
Stachytarpheta Bastard Jalajali Jun –Dec Medium Minor
jamaicensis (L.) Vahl vervain
Verbena officinalis L. Vervain - Jun – Jul Major Medium
Vitex spp. Chaste tree, Beyguna, May –Jun Medium Medium
etc. Begundia,
Nurgundi
Zingiberaceae
Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom - May –Nov Major Medium
(L.) Maton
Zingiber spp. Ginger, etc. Banooda, Jun –Dec Minor Minor
Vanardraka
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L. Land-caltrops - Jan - Dec Medium Medium
Bee flora of West Bengal

Botanical name Local name Trade name Flowering Pollen Nectar
period
Acanthaceae
Adhatoda vasica Nees Basak Vasaka May - Jan --- Minor
Hygrophila serpyllum (Nees) Kule Khara Jul - Sep --- Minor

T. Anders
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus spinosus Linn. Kanta Notey Prickly Jan - Feb Minor --

amaranthus
Anacardiaceae
Spondias pinnata Kurtz. Deshi Amrah Hog-plum Feb - Mar --- Minor
Anacardium occidentale Linn. Hijli Badam / Cashew nut Apl – May Minor Medium
Kaju
Mangifera indica Linn. Aam Mango Feb - Mar Medium Medium
Apiaceae
Coriandrum sativam Linn. Dhoney Coriander Jun - Feb Major Major
Daucas carota Linn Gajar Carrot Mar - Apr Minor --
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Mouri Fennel Nov - Mar Minor
27
Apocyanaceae
Alstonia scholaris R.Br. Chhatim Dita Bark Oct - Dec Minor
Arecaceae
Areca catechu Linn. Supari Betel nut Mar - Apr Minor --
Borassus flabellifer Linn. Taal Palmyra Feb - Mar Minor --
Cocos nucifera Linn. Narikel Coconut Jan - Dec Major Minor
Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Hintal --- Dec - Jan Major --
Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Khejur Wild dates Feb - Mar Major --
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoids Linn. Uchunti Goat weed May - Oct Minor Minor
Carthamus tinctorius Linn.. Kusum Phool Safflower Apr - May Minor Minor
Helianthus annuus Linn. Surajmukhi Sunflower Jan – Feb Major Major

period
Mikania scandens Hook. Taralata --- Dec- Jan Medium
Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. Congress Congress Mar - Dec Minor --

grass grass
Tagetes erecta Linn. Ganda Marigold Almost Minor Minor
Tridax procumbens Linn. Tridaksha Apr – Aug Minor ----
Vernonia cineria Less Kukshim Purple Nov – Dec Minor Medium

fleabane
Barringtoniaceae
Barringtonia acutrangula Gaertn. Hijal -- Apr-May, Minor Major

Oct-Dec
Bombacaceae
Ceiba pentadra Linn. Swet Simul Silk cotton Dec – Jan Major Medium
Bombax ceiba Linn. Shimool Red Silk Dec – Jan Medium Minor
cotton
Brassicaceae
Brassica juncea Linn. Rai Sarisha Mustard Dec – Feb Major Major
28
Brassica napus Linn. Sarisha Rape seed Nov – Jan Major Major
Raphanus sativus Linn Mula, Mulo Radish Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia variegata Linn. Raktakanchan Kanchan Mar-Apr Minor Minor
Cassia fistula Linn. Bandar lathi Indian May – Jun Minor Minor
Sonajuri Laburnum
Cassia tora Linn. Kalkasunda -- Sep – Oct Minor --
Delonix regia Rafin. Krishana- Gul Mohar Apr – Jan Medium Minor
chura Flame tree
Tamarindus indica Linn. Tentul Tamarind May – Jun Minor Major
Cleomaceae
Cleome 29iscose Linn. Holdey Cleome May – Aug Minor --

hurhure
Combretaceae
Quisqualis indica Linn Brahmalata Rangoon May – Aug Minor Minor

creeper

period
Terminalia arjuna Wt. &Arn. Arjun Arjun May – Jun Medium Medium
Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Bhairah Belleric Mar-Apr Minor Medium

myrobalan
Terminalia cattappa Linn. Deshi Badam Indian Apr – May Minor Minor
almond
Terminelia chebula Retiz. Haritaki Chebula Feb-Mar Minor Minor
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis Linn. Kansira Commelina Jul – Oct Minor Major
Cyanotis sp. ___ Cyanotis Jan – Sep Minor --
Cucurbitaceae
Citrullus lanatus Linn. Tarbuj Water melon Feb – May Medium Medium
Cucumis melo Linn. Karbuz Musk melon Apr – Jun Minor Minor
Cucumis sativus Linn. Sasha Kakadi Feb – Sep Medium Minor
29
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Mitha kumrah Pumkin Feb – Sep Medium Minor
Luffa acutangula Roxb. Jhinga Ribbed Apr-Aug Minor Minor

guard
Luffa cylendrica MJRoem. Dhundul Cylendrical May-Jul Minor Minor

guard
Momordica charantia Linn. Karola Bitter Guard Mar – Oct Minor Minor
Sechium edulis Sw. Squash Chow-chow Mar – May Medium Minor
Trichosanthes dioca Roxb. Patol Pointed Feb – Oct Minor ----

gourd
Cyperaceae
Cyperus rotundus Linn. Mutha Nut grass Nov – Feb Minor ---
Dilleniaceae
Dillenia indica Linn. Chalta Dillenia Jun – Jul Major Minor
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus lanceolatus Roxb. Bhatrachhe --- Dec-Jan Minor Medium
Elaeocarpus sikkimensis Bhatrachhe --- Dec-Jan Minor Medium

period
Ericaceae
Rhododendron sp. Guraas Rhododendron Apr-May Medium Medium
Euphorbiaceae
Croton bonplandianum Bail. Jatalanka --- Jun – Sep Minor --
Emblica officinale Gaertn. Aamloki Amla Apr – May Minor Medium
Euphorbia hirta Linn. Barokherui Dhudi Minor
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Poinsettia / Nov – Dec Minor Minor

Lal Pala
Macaranga pustulata King. Mallata ---- Jul-Aug Minor Minor
Ostodes paniculata Bl. Beparee --- Mar – Apr Minor Medium
30
Fabaceae
Butea monosperma Taub Phalas Flame of the Feb-Mar Major ---

forest
Cajanas cajan Millsp. Arahar Pigeon pea Jan – Mar Medium Medium
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sisu Rose wood Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Dolichos lablab Savi. Shim Beans Nov – Mar Minor Minor
Erythrina indica Lamk. Palita Coral tree Mar – Apr Minor Minor
Lathyrus sativus Linn, Khesari Grass pea Jan-Feb Minor Medium
Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Sonamung Green gram Feb – May Minor Minor
Phaseolus mungo Linn. Maskalai Black gram Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Pisum sativum Linn. Mator Peas Jan – Mar Minor Minor
Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanja Indian Feb – Mar Minor Minor

Beech tree
Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Dhanche Agathi Jul – Aug Medium Minor
Trigonella corniculata Linn Piring Kasuri-Methi Mar – Apr Minor Minor

Banmethi
Fagaceae
Castanopsis indica A. DC. Catus Indian May-Jun Minor Minor

Chestnut

period
Lamiaceae
Leonurus ibiricus Linn. Rakta dron Mother wort Oct-Jan Minor Minor
Leucas aspera Spreng Sheta dron Gumma Aug-Oct Minor Minor
Leucas linifolia Spreng Halkasa Gumma Mar- Apr Minor --
Moschosma monosperma Baldingra -- Apr – May ---- Minor

Oct – Nov
Ocimum basilicum Linn. Babu Tulsi Sweet basil July – Oct Minor Minor
31
Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Ram Tulsi Shrubby Aug – Oct Minor Minor
basil
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Kalo Tulsi Holy basil Jul – Oct Minor Minor
Lauraceae
Lindera neesiana Benth. Siltimur -- Nov-Jan Minor Medium
Litsea Sp. Sitambur -- Mar-May, Minor Medium

Nov-Jan
Machilus edulis King. Lapche -- Nov –Dec Minor Medium

kawala
Liliaceae
Allium cepa Linn. Pianj Onion Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Allium sativum Linn. Rasum Garlic Dec – Mar Minor Minor
Linaceae
Linum usitatisimum Lin. Tisi Linsedds Jan-Feb Minor Minor
Loranthaceae
Loranthus longiflorus Desr. Pargaccha Apr-May Minor ---
Lythaceae
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers Jarul Apr-May Minor Minor
Punica granatum Linn. Dalim Pomogranate Mar – Apr Minor --
Malvaceae
Sida cordifolia Linn. Berela Country May-Aug Minor --

Mallow

period
Sida rhombifolia Linn. Lal berela --- May-Aug Minor --
Meliaceae
Azadiracta indica A. Juss Neem Neem Apr – May Minor Minor
Swetenia mahagoni Jacq. Mehagoni Mahagoni April – May Minor Minor
32
Melisomaceae
Melisoma simplicifolia wall. Chiuri --- Nov-Jan Medium Minor
Mimosaceae
Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Babul Acacia Apr – Jul Medium Minor
Acacia auriculaeiformis A. Aakashmoni Akasi Dec – Jan Medium Minor

Cunn.
Albizia lebbeck Benth. Sirish Siris tree May – Jun Minor Medium
Leucaena Lucocephola Dc wit Subabool Mar April Minor --
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera Lamk. Sajina Drum stick Jan – Feb Medium Medium
Musaceae
Musa 33aradisiacal Linn. Kancha Kala Banana Jan-Dec __ Minor
Musa sapientum Linn Kala Banana Jan-Dec __ Minor
Myrsinaceae
Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco. Khalish Halsi Feb – Apr Minor Minor
Myrtaceae
Eugenia Formosa wall Ambake -- Oct-Nov Major Minor
Syzium cumini Skells Kalojaam Jamun Mar – Apr Major Major
Eucalyptus sp. Euca;yptus Eucalyptus Sep – Oct Minor Major
Psidium guajava Linn Peyara Guava Mar – May Minor Minor
Syzygium jambos Alston Golab Jaam Rose apple Dec – Feb Minor Minor
Syzygium malaccensis Jamrool Malay apple Nov – Feb Minor Minor

Merril & Perry
Nelumbaceae
Nelumbo speciosum Willd. Padma Lotus May – Sep Minor Minor

period
Nyctaginaceae
33
Marabilis jalapa Linn. Krishnakali 4 O’ Clock May – Sep Minor ---
Oleaceae
Olea europea Lin Jalpai Olive tree Jun – Jul Medium Medium
Oxalidaceae
Averrhoa carambola Linn. Kamranga Three Sorrel Jun – Jul __ Minor
Papevaraceae
Argemone mexicana Linn. Shealkanta Mexican Feb – May Minor Minor

poppy
Pedaliaceae
Seamum indicum Linn. Til Gingili May – Jun Major Major
Martynia anuua Linn. Bagh nakhi Tiger claw Jun-Aug Minor ---
Poaceae
Andropogon ascinoidis Chor Kanta Cattle grass Jul – Sep Minor ---
C.B.Clarke
Bambusa arundinaceae Willd. Bansh Bamboo Feb – Mar Major ---
Cynodon dactilon Pers DurbaGhass Dhub grass May – Jul Minor --
Dendrocalamus strictus Nees Karti Solid Jan-Mar Major --

Mulibanash Bamboo
Oryza sativa Linn. Dhan Paddy Sep – Oct Minor --

Apr – May
Sorghum vulgare Linn. Jowar Pearl millet May- Jun Medium --
Poligonaceae
Antigonon leptopus Hk. & Arn. Coral May – Sep __ Medium

creeper
Pontederiaceae
Eichhornia crassipes Salms Kochuripana Water Jun – Sep Minor

Hyacinth
Ranunculaceae
Nigella sativa Linn. Kalojira Black cumin Feb – Mar Minor Major
34
period
Rhaminaceae
Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Kool Jujube Sep – Oct P – Minor Major
Rizophoraceae
Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. Garan --- Apr – May __ Medium
Ceriops tagal C.B. Robins. Mot Garan --- Apr – May __ Medium
Rosaceae
Prunus armeniaca Linn Arucha Pear Mar – May Medium Medium

(Nepali Lang)
Prunus nepalensis Steud. Aru Alu peach Mar – May Medium Medium
(Nepali Lang)
Prunus cuminis Linn. Naspathi Peach Feb-Mar Minor Minor

(Nepali Lang)
Rosa centifolia Linn. Golap Provence Nov – Mar Minor Minor

rose
Rubiaceae
Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. Kadam Kadamba Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Rutaceae
Aegle marmelos Correa. Bel Bael tree Apr – may Minor Minor
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle Batabi Labu Lemon Mar – Apr Medium Minor
Citrus medica Linn. Lebu, Nebu Malta Feb – Mar Medium Minor
Citrus sinensis Osbeck kamala Lebu Orange Mar – Apr Medium Major
Evodia fraxinifolia Hook f. Kanukpa --- Nov- Jan Minor Minor
Glycosmis pentaphylla DC Ash Shaorah Wild nimbu Sep – Oct Minor Medium
Limonia accidissima Linn. Kaith Bel Wood apple Apr-May Medium Minor
Murraya paniculata Jack Kamini China box Jul – Aug Minor Minor
Murraya koenigii Spreng Barsunga, Curry leaves Mar – Apr Minor Minor
karipata
35
Sapindaceae
Euphoria longan Steud. Aanshaphal Longan Feb – Mar Minor Medium

period
Nephelium litchi Cambess Litchu Litchi Feb – Mar Minor Minor
Sapindus sp. Ankar -- Apr-May Minor Minor
Schleichera oleosa Oken Kusum Lac tree Feb-Mar Minor Medium
Sapotaceae
Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel Mahua Butter tree Mar-Apr Minor Minor
Mimusops elengi Linn. Bakul Bakula May – Jul --- Minor
Scrophulariaceae
Scoparia dulcis Linn. Ban Dhoney Sweet Aug – Oct Minor Minor
broom weed
Solanaceae
Capsicum annuum Linn. Lanka Mirchi Dec – may Minor --
Datura inoxia Mill. Kalo Dhutura Thorn apple Sep – Feb Minor --
Datura metal Linn. Dhutara Thorn apple Sep – Feb Minor --
Solanum melongena Linn. Begun Brigjal Sep – Mar Minor --
Sonneratiaceae
Sonneratia apetala Buch- Keora ---- Mar – May Minor Major

Ham
Symplocas
Symplocas sp. Kharani Lodhra Apr-May Medium Medium
Theaceae
Schina wallichii Korth. Chilouni Needle Apr-May Minor Medium

wood
Tiliaceae
Grewia asiatica Mast. Phalsa ---- Mar – Apr Minor Minor
36
Typhaceae
Typha 37lephantine Roxb. Hogla Elephant Aug – Sep Major ---

grass
Verbinaceae
Clerodendrum inreme Ghentu --- Feb – Apr Minor Medium

Gaertn. Bhant

period
Duranta repens Linn. Hedge Plant Durenta Jan - Aug Minor Minor
Gmelina arborea Linn Gumari Gumhar Mar - Apr Minor Minor
Vitex negundo Linn. Nishinda Hemp tree Apr - Jun Minor Minor
Zinziberaceae
Ammomum sp. Bara elaichi -- Mar-May Medium ----
37

Bee Forage Plant Final

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Bee Forage Plant Final

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Bee Forage Plants

Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC

Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC

Ruelllia tuberosa L. Herb 6-11 N2P2

2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen;

2. Bee forage value: N = source of nectar, P = source of pollen;

Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC

Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC

1. Flowering period: Serial numbers of months given thus, 1 = January,

Jatropha gossipifolia L. Mogali Lal erandi Shrub 2-7 N2P1

Prepared by CBRTI, KVIC

Achyranthes aspera L. --- Prickly chaff Jan-Dec Medium Medium

Alternanthera sessilis (L) --- -- Jan - Dec Major Medium

Amaranthus caudatus L. Ramdana Feb-Mar Minor Minor

Amaranthus spinosus L. Kataili Prickly July - Dec Major Medium

Celosia argentea L. Sufaid Quail grass Jan-Dec Medium Medium

Anacardium occidentale L. Kajoo Cashew Nut Feb Minor Major

Mangifera indica L. Aam Mango Feb-Mar Minor Major

Anethum sowa Kurz. Sowa Dill Jan - Mar Major Major

Coriandrum sativum L. Dhaniya Coriander Dec -Feb Major Major

Trachyspermum ammi L. Ajowain Carum Mar- Apr Minor Minor

Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait Ackwan Ak Feb. Major ---

Borassus flabellifer L. Taar Palmyra May Major Major

Phoenix sylvestris L. Khajoor Wild dates Feb Major ---

Guizotia abyssinica Cass. Til Niger Apr Major Major

Helianthus annuus Linn. Suraj- Sun-flower Apr -May Major Major

Parthenium hysterophorus L. --- Congress June Major ---

Impatiens balsamina L. Gul- Garden Nov Minor Minor

Spathodea companulata Rugtoora Squirt Tree Mar - Jun Medium Major

Bombax ceiba L. Semal Silk cotton Feb -Mar Major Major

Cordia dichotoma Forst. Lasora -- May -June Minor Major

Brassica spp. Sarso,Rai, Mustard Oct - Feb Major Major

Brassica olerecea L. Gobhi Cabbage Dec - Feb Minor Medium

Raphanus sativus L. Muli Radish Jan -Mar Major Major

Caesalpinia Crista L. Karanja Fever nut June Major Major

Cannabis sativa L. Bhang Hemp May Major ---

Carica papaya L. Papita Papaya Jan - June Minor Major

Terminalia chebula Retz. Hirda Hirda May-Jun Medium Major

Commelina sp. Kanna Canchara Jun -Nov Minor Major

Cyanotis sp. Kanna --- Jan - Feb Minor Major

Momordica Chattela ---- Sep-Nov Minor Minor

Cucurbita maxima Duch Kohra Pumpkin Oct - Feb Major Minor

Citrullus vulgaris L. Tarabuj Watermelon Feb-Mar Major Major

Cucumis melo L. Kharbuj Melon Jul-Sep Minor Minor

Cucumis sativus L. Khira Melon Aug-Sep Minor Major

Benincasa hispda Bhua, Ash Gourd Oct - Feb Major Minor

Trichosanthes anguina L. Chichra Snake guard Mar- Apr Major Minor

Cyperus spp. Motha Nut grass Dec- May Minor Major

Family Local Common Flowering Pollen Nectar

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Amla Gooseberry Mar- Apr. Major Major

Croton bonplandianum Mirchaiya Croton Mar-Jul, Minor ----

Abrus precatorius Wall. Gunja Jequirity Sep-Mar Major Major

Cajanus indicus Spreng. Arhar Arhar Mar-Apr. Major Medium

Cicer arietinum Linn. Chana Gram Jan-Feb Major Minor

Dolichos lablab Linn. Sem Butter Bean Dec-Feb Major Major

Lathyrus sativus Linn. Khesari Grass Pea Jan-Feb Major Major

Lens culinaris Medic. Massor Lentil Jan-Mar Minor Minor

Pisum sativum Linn. Matar Pea Dec- Mar Major Minor

Pongamia pinnata Pierre Karanj Pongam tree May-June Minor Major

Phaseolus aureus Linn. Mung Green Gram June Major Major

Trifolium alexandrinum L. Berseem Berseem Mar-May Major Major

Ocimum spp. Bantulsi Sweet basil Jun –Sep Minor Major

Leucas lavendulaefolia Gumma Linifolia May –Jun Minor Major