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Maths >  Math Article >  Prime Numbers

Prime Numbers

Prime numbers are natural numbers that are divisible by only 1 and the number itself. In
other words, prime numbers are positive integers greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1
and the number itself. Some of the prime numbers include 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, etc. Always
remember that 1 is neither prime nor composite. Also, we can say that except for 1, the
remaining numbers are classiCed as prime and composite numbers. All prime numbers are
odd numbers except 2, 2 is the smallest prime number and is the only even prime number.

Prime numbers are the natural numbers greater than 1 with

exactly two factors, i.e. 1 and the number itself.

In this article, you will learn the meaning and deCnition of prime numbers, their history,
properties,  list of prime numbers from 1 to 1000, chart, differences between prime
numbers and composite numbers, how to Cnd the prime numbers using formulas, along
with video lesson and examples.

Learn: Mathematics

Table of Contents:
DeCnition
PDF
History
Properties
Chart
Video lesson
List
Prime numbers 1 to 200
Prime numbers 1 to 1000
Facts
How to Find
Prime numbers vs Composite numbers
Solved examples
Practice problems
FAQs

What are Prime Numbers?

A prime number is a positive integer having exactly two factors, i.e. 1 and the number
itself. If p is a prime, then its only factors are necessarily 1 and p itself. Any number that
does not follow this is termed a composite number, which can be factored into other
positive integers. Another way of deCning it is a positive number or integer, which is not a
product of any other two positive integers other than 1 and the number itself. 

First Ten Prime Numbers

The Crst ten primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29.

Note: It should be noted that 1 is a non-prime number. It is a unique number.

Download PDF – Prime Numbers

Click here to download the PDF of Prime numbers:- Download PDF

History of Prime Numbers

The prime number was discovered by Eratosthenes (275-194 B.C., Greece). He took the
example of a sieve to Clter out the prime numbers from a list of natural numbers and drain
out the composite numbers.

Students can practise this method by writing the positive integers from 1 to 100, circling
the prime numbers, and putting a cross mark on composites. This kind of activity refers to
the Sieve of Eratosthenes.

Properties of Prime Numbers

Some of the properties of prime numbers are listed below:

Every number greater than 1 can be divided by at least one prime number.
Every even positive integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two
primes.
Except 2, all other prime numbers are odd. In other words, we can say that 2 is the
only even prime number.
Two prime numbers are always coprime to each other.
Each composite number can be factored into prime factors and individually all of
these are unique in nature.

Prime Numbers Chart

Before calculators and computers, numerical tables were used for recording all of the
primes or prime factorizations up to a speciCed limit and are usually printed. The most
beloved method for producing a list of prime numbers is called the sieve of Eratosthenes.
This method results in a chart called Eratosthenes chart, as given below. The chart below
shows the prime numbers up to 100, represented in coloured boxes.

Video Lesson on Prime Numbers

A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself. The
Crst ten primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29. It should be noted that 1 is a non-prime
number. Conferring to the deCnition of prime number, which states that a number should
have exactly two factors, but number 1 has one and only one factor. Thus 1 is not
considered a Prime number.
To learn more about prime numbers watch the video given below.

20,882

List of Prime Numbers 1 to 100

There are several primes in the number system. As we know, the prime numbers are the
numbers that have only two factors which are 1 and the number itself. 

The list of prime numbers from 1 to 100 are given below:

Prime Numbers between 1 and 100

Prime numbers between 1 and 10 2, 3, 5, 7

Prime numbers between 10 and 20 11, 13, 17, 19

Prime numbers between 20 and 30 23, 29

Prime numbers between 30 and 40 31, 37

Prime numbers between 40 and 50 41, 43, 47

Prime numbers between 50 and 60 53, 59

Prime numbers between 60 and 70 61, 67

Prime numbers between 70 and 80 71, 73, 79

Prime numbers between 80 and 90 83, 89

Prime numbers between 90 and 100 97

Thus, there are 25 prime numbers between 1 and 100, i.e. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97. All these numbers are divisible by
only 1 and the number itself. Hence, these numbers are called prime numbers. Also, these
are the Crst 25 prime numbers.

Prime Numbers 1 to 200

Here is the list of prime numbers from 1 to 200, which we can learn and crosscheck if there
are any other factors for them.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89,
97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179,
181, 191, 193, 197, 199

Prime Numbers 1 to 1000

There are a total of 168 prime numbers between 1 to 1000. They are:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89,
97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179,
181, 191, 193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271,
277, 281, 283, 293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331, 337, 347, 349, 353, 359, 367, 373, 379,
383, 389, 397, 401, 409, 419, 421, 431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467, 479,
487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 521, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599,
601, 607, 613, 617, 619, 631, 641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661, 673, 677, 683, 691, 701,
709, 719, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809, 811, 821, 823,
827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877, 881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919, 929, 937, 941,
947, 953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997.

Also, get the list of prime numbers from 1 to 1000 along with detailed factors here.

Facts About Prime Numbers

The table below shows the important points about prime numbers. These will help you to
solve many problems in mathematics.

Smallest
Prime 2
Number

As of January 2020, the largest known prime number is

Largest 2^(82,589,933) – 1, with 24,862,048 digits.
Prime
Number It was founded by the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search
(GIMPS) in 2018.

Even
2 is the only even prime number, and the rest of the prime numbers
Prime
are odd numbers, hence called odd prime numbers. 
Number

The prime numbers with only one composite number between them
are called twin prime numbers or twin primes. The other deCnition
of twin prime numbers is the pair of prime numbers that differ by 2
only. For example, 3 and 5 are twin primes because 5 – 3 = 2.
The other examples of twin prime numbers are:
Twin (5, 7) [7 – 5 = 2]
Prime (11, 13) [13 – 11 = 2]
numbers
(17, 19) [19 – 17 = 2]
(29, 31) [31 – 29 = 2]
(41, 43) [43 – 41 = 2]
(59, 61) [61 – 59 = 2]
(71, 73) [73 – 71 = 2]

Two numbers are called coprime to each other if their highest

Coprime common factor is 1. Prime numbers and coprime numbers are not
numbers the same. For example, 6 and 13 are coprime because the common
factor is 1 only.

Click here to learn more about twin prime numbers.

How to Find Prime Numbers?

The following two methods will help you to Cnd whether the given number is a prime or
not.
Method 1:
We know that 2 is the only even prime number. And only two consecutive natural numbers
which are prime are 2 and 3. Apart from those, every prime number can be written in the
form of 6n + 1 or 6n – 1 (except the multiples of prime numbers, i.e. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11), where n
is a natural number.
For example:
6(1) – 1 = 5
6(1) + 1 = 7
6(2) – 1 = 11
6(2) + 1 = 13
6(3) – 1 = 17
6(3) + 1 = 19
6(4) – 1 = 23
6(4) + 1 = 25 (multiple of 5)
…
Method 2:
To know the prime numbers greater than 40, the below formula can be used.
n2 + n + 41, where n = 0, 1, 2, ….., 39
For example:
(0)2 + 0 + 0 = 41
(1)2 + 1 + 41 = 43
(2)2 + 2 + 41 = 47
…..

Is 1 a Prime Number?
Conferring to the deCnition of the prime number, which states that a number should have
exactly two factors for it to be considered a prime number. But, number 1 has one and only
one factor which is 1 itself. Thus, 1 is not considered a Prime number.

Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, etc.

In all the positive integers given above, all are either divisible by 1 or itself, i.e. precisely two
positive integers.

Related questions on Prime numbers:

Is 97 a prime number? 
Is 61 a prime number?
Is 57 a prime number?
Is 83 a prime number?

Prime Numbers vs Composite Numbers

A few differences between prime numbers and composite numbers are tabulated below:

Prime Numbers Composite Numbers

A prime number has two A composite number has more than two
factors only. factors.

It can be divided by 1 and

the number itself. It can be divided by all its factors. For example,
For example, 2 is divisible by 6 is divisible by 2,3 and 6.
1 and 2.

Examples: 2, 3, 7, 11, 109,

Examples: 4, 8, 10, 15, 85, 114, 184, etc.
113, 181, 191, etc.

Prime Numbers Related Articles

Co-prime Numbers
Composite numbers
How To Find Prime Numbers
Prime number formula
Prime Factors

Solved Examples on Prime Numbers

Example 1:

Is 10 a Prime Number?

Solution:

No, because it can be divided evenly by 2 or 5, 2×5=10, as well as by 1 and 10.

Alternatively,

Using method 1, let us write in the form of 6n ± 1. 

10 = 6(1) + 4 = 6(2) – 2

This is not of the form 6n + 1 or 6n – 1.

Hence, 10 is not a prime number.

Example 2:

Is 19 a Prime Number?

Solution:

Let us write the given number in the form of 6n ± 1.

6(3) + 1 = 18 + 1 = 19
Therefore, 19 is a prime number.

Example 3:

Find if 53 is a prime number or not.

Solution:

The only factors of 53 are 1 and 53.

Or

Let us write the given number in the form of 6n ± 1.

6(9) – 1 = 54 – 1 = 53

So, 53 is a prime number.

Example 4:

Check if 64 is a prime number or not.

Solution:

The factors of 64 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.

It has factors other than 1 and 64.

Hence, it is a composite number and not a prime number.

Example 5: 

Which is the greatest prime number between 1 to 10?

Solution:

As we know, the Crst 5 prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.

There are 4 prime numbers between 1 and 10 and the greatest prime number between 1
and 10 is 7.

Practice Problems
1. Identify the prime numbers from the following numbers:
34, 27, 29, 41, 67, 83
2. Which of the following is not a prime number?
2, 19, 91, 57
3. Write the prime numbers less than 50.

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way. Also, register now and get access to 1000+ hours of video lessons on different topics.

Frequently Asked Questions on Prime Numbers

What are Prime Numbers in Maths?
The numbers which have only two factors, i.e. 1 and the number itself are called prime
numbers. In other words, prime numbers are divisible by only 1 and the number itself. That
means they are not divisible by any other numbers. Some examples of prime numbers are
7, 11, 13, 17,…

How to Cnd prime numbers?

To Cnd whether a number is prime, try dividing it with the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. If
the number is exactly divisible by any of these numbers, it is not a prime number,
otherwise, it is a prime. Alternatively, we can Cnd the prime numbers by writing their factors
since a prime number has exactly two factors, 1 and the number itself.

What are the examples of prime numbers?

As we know, prime numbers are whole numbers greater than 1 with exactly two factors, i.e.
1 and the number itself. Some of the examples of prime numbers are 11, 23, 31, 53, 89,
179, 227, etc.

What is the smallest prime number?

2 is the smallest prime number. Also, it is the only even prime number in maths.

What is the largest prime number so far?

As of January 2020, the largest known prime number is 2^(82,589,933) – 1, with
24,862,048 digits. It was founded by the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) in
2018.

Which is the largest 4 digit prime number?

The largest 4 digits prime number is 9973, which has only two factors namely 1 and the
number itself.

What are prime numbers between 1 and 50?

The list of prime numbers between 1 and 50 are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47

Why 1 is not a prime number?

As per the deCnition of prime numbers, 1 is not considered as the prime number since a
prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller
natural numbers.

Test your Knowledge on Prime Numbers

Put your understanding of this

concept to test by answering a
few MCQs. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to
begin!

Select the correct answer and click on the

“Finish” button
Check your score and answers at the end of the
quiz

Start Quiz

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6 Comments

Harshini MARCH 23, 2020 AT 3:36 PM

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REPLY

Chinmaya JULY 29, 2020 AT 5:11 PM

Yes

REPLY

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