Republic of the Philippines

Department of Science and Technology

PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – CENTRAL LUZON CAMPUS
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Certificate No. SCP000394Q

Learning Guide Module

Subject: Mathematics (Pre-Algebra)
Chapter: Number and Number Sense
Subject Matter: Number Line and Operations on Integers
Time Limit: 30 minutes


TARGET:

By the end of this module, the students are expected to:

þ Illustrate a real number line
þ Graph real numbers on the number line
þ Compare numbers using number line
þ Operate integers

HOOK: (2 minutes)

From the last module, we look into numbers, more specifically, the numbers we use for
measurement called the real numbers.

If you already have played snakes & ladders, you may already know that it is a game where
you can move in a uniform steps (based on the number got from rolling a die).

Figure 0. Snakes & Ladders board

Source: Wikimedia Commons
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snake_and_Ladders.jpg)

Figuratively, we may look the set of real numbers in almost the same way.

IGNITE: (15 minutes)

The set of integers are practically divided into two groups—positive and negative integers, except
zero (as it is neither). Zero will be labeled as the origin to separate the signed values (+ and −).
One way to look at this set of integers is through a number line.



LESSON A.2: NUMBER LINE AND OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS 1 of 5

 Definition:
Number line is a horizontal straight line that numbers placed in equal intervals (of numbers) along
its length.

Figure 1. The real number line

Notes:

1. The arrow on both ends denotes infinity.
2. This is a real number line. Thus, all real numbers must be present in the number line. So,
decimals will just be located in between the intervals. Example, ½ is located in halfway in
between 0 and 1.
3. The number line is adjustable and 0 is not necessarily must be in the middle.

Graphing Values in the Number Line

To plot/graph a given value in the number line:
1. Locate it where it is in the number line. For integers, it will be quite simple as number line
most likely have intervals of integers.
2. Put a dot on the place where the value is located.

Examples:
Graph the following values:
1. −2

2. 5_4
Since 5_4 can be rewritten as 1 , you can find the value in between 1 & 2 (with the dot place
T
U
a quarter away from 1).

3. √2
Approximately, √2 has a value of 1.4142. Thus, this is located almost halfway in between 1
& 2.

Comparing Values

In comparing numbers using the number line, only take note that the number that is in the left
side of the number being compared is less than that value.

Therefore, positive numbers will always be greater than 0 or any negative number. On the other
hand, negative numbers will always be less than 0 or any positive number.


LESSON A.2: NUMBER LINE AND OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS 2 of 5

 In comparing two same signed numbers, see the table below. You may refer to the number line in
Figure 1.
Statement Condition Example
The first number is much larger
+ > + than the other. 5 > 2
+ < +
The first number is much smaller
1 < 3
than the other.
The first number seemed much
− > − smaller than the other. −1 > −3
The first number seemed much
− < − larger than the other. −5 < −2

Operating Integers using Number Line

Addition:
To add integers, i.e. 𝑎 + 𝑏, using number line:
1. Locate the first addend 𝑎.
2. Then, move according to the second addend:
2.a. if 𝑏 is positive, move to the right
2.b. if 𝑏 is negative, move to the left

Examples:
Simplify the following.

1. 5 + 4

Thus, 5 + 4 = 9

2. 4 + (−6)

Thus, 4 + (−6) = −2

Hence, you can say that when you are adding two same sign, you are simply just adding the two
numbers and following the sign of the numbers. However, when you are adding two different signs
of numbers, you are like subtracting them and follow the sign which seems to be larger.

Subtraction
To subtract integers, i.e. 𝑎 − 𝑏, using the number line:
1. Change the expression 𝑎 − 𝑏 to 𝑎 + (−𝑏). Hence, changing the subtrahend to its negative
counterpart.
2. Follow the steps in adding integers.

Examples:
Simplify the following.

1. 7 − 3
Transforming 7 − 3 to addition, the expression will become 7 + (−3).

Thus, 7 − 3 = 4.

LESSON A.2: NUMBER LINE AND OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS 3 of 5

 2. −1 − 3
Transforming −1 − 3 to addition, the expression will become −1 + (−3).

Thus, −1 − 3 = −4.

Multiplication/Division
In multiplying numbers using number line, we can use the idea that multiplication is just a repeated
addition. But such tedious procedure, we tend to learn better using the multiplication table.

Figure 2. Multiplication Table
Source: Pre-Algebra 2e by Marecek, et al. p. 57 (https://openstax.org/details/books/prealgebra-2e)

Division is just simply the reverse operation of multiplication. So, we can use the table above as
well.

However, we don’t operate positive integers only. The product/quotient will be a positive number
or a negative depending on the given values needed to be operated. Use the table below for
reference.

Multiplicand/Dividend Multiplier/Divisor Product/Quotient
+ + +
+ − −
− + −
− − +
Hence, values of the same sign will result to a positive value while different signs will result to a
negative value.

Examples:
Simplify the following.

1. 5 × 7
Since both are positive numbers, we may easily say that the product is a positive number.
Thus, 5 × 7 = 35.

2. −36 ÷ 4
Since the dividend is a negative number while the divisor is a positive, then the quotient
must be a negative.
Thus, −36 ÷ 4 = −9.

LESSON A.2: NUMBER LINE AND OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS 4 of 5

 3. −8(−6)
Take note that instead of an operation sign used, in this example, what was used is a pair of
parentheses. This automatically means that we are to operate the numbers by
multiplication. And since both values are negative, the product will be a positive number.
Thus, −8(−6) = 48.

Note: In division, your divisor must not be 0. Any number that is divided by 0 will result to undefine
quotient.

NAVIGATE: (10 minutes)

Check your understanding.

A. Graph the following values in the number line. Fill the square with > or < depending on
which sign will correctly compare the two values.
1. −4 0
] _
2. −
^ ^
TT T^
3.
` TT
Ta
4. −1.4 − b

5. −4√2 2𝜋

B. Simplify the following.
1. −13 + 7
2. 15 − 9
3. 5 − (−2)
4. 3(−9)
5. −64 ÷ −4

KNOT:

In summary, what we have learned from the number line are the following points:

1. Number line is a horizontal straight line that contains all real numbers.
2. In comparing values, 𝑎 > 𝑏 when 𝑎 is at the right of 𝑏 in the number line and 𝑎 < 𝑏
when 𝑎 is at the left of 𝑏.
3. To operate integers, it is important to know the signs of the numbers to be

operated before proceeding to the next steps.

References:

Marecek, et. al. (2020). Pre-Algerba: 2e. Rice University. https://openstax.org/details/books/prealgebra-2e

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.) Science LINKS. Quezon
City: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Prepared by: Hannah Clarissa B. Masilang (Subject Teacher)

Approved by: Rohit C. Tilwani (CID Chief)


LESSON A.2: NUMBER LINE AND OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS 5 of 5