11

TLE-AFA-AGRI CROP PRODUCTION

Quarter 3– Conduct of Pre-horticultural
Farm Operations
Module 3: Preventing Hazards in the
Workplace:
1.3 Adverse Weather Conditions
TLE – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1.3: Adverse Weather Conditions
First Edition, 2021

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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Weinstein A. Macias

Editor: Rosalyn L. Flores
Reviewers: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Illustrator: Jefferd C. Alegado
Layout Artists: Reynald M. Manzano, Rosalyn L. Flores
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V
Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid

Adolf P. Aguilar Elmar L. Cabrera

Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D
Antonio B. Baguio, Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 11
TLE-AFA-AGRI CROP
PRODUCTION
Quarter 3 – Observing Safety
Pre-cautions in Horticultural
Farm Operations
Module 1.3:
Adverse Weather Conditions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 11 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Conduct of Pre-Horticultural Farm Operations!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 11 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Conduct of Pre-Horticultural Farm Operations!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Need to Know

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers

correct (100%), you may decide to skip this

module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
What’s New song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or
a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
What is It
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers

to the exercises using the Answer Key at the

end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
Additional Activities lesson learned.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know
Content Standard
The learner demonstrates an understanding of concepts and principles in the
conduct of Pre-horticultural Farm Operations.

Performance Standard
The learner prepares farm tools and equipment for agronomic crop production
based on required task.

Learning Competency TLE_AFHC9OS-IIIa-j-1

LO1. Prepare and maintain farm facilities

1.1 Prevent workplace hazards and environmental implications with

maintenance procedures;
1.2 Perform maintenance activities to maximize efficiency and effectiveness of
nursery facilities. Learning Objectives

At the end of the module you should be able to:

1. Tell an imminent adverse weather is coming;

2. Know what to do during and after a catastrophe; and
3. 3. Apply what you have learned by analyzing a situation.

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 What I Know
Read and analyze each item carefully. Write down your answers on
your notebook or answer sheet provided by your subject teacher.

1. When a tornado warning is issued you should: A. watch the

weather closely. B.
take shelter.
C. wait until you hear further instructions.
D. None of the above

2. Lightning occurs only where it is raining. True or false?

3. Hypothermia is:
A. a disease of the hypothalamus gland.
B. not a concern in the summer months.
C. a condition marked by low body temperature.
D. a condition that stops when you go indoors.

4. The Heat Index (HI) measures how hot it really feels by combining the
actual air temperature with the relative humidity. True or False?

5. Wind chill combines wind speed and air temperature to indicate how cold it
really feels. True or False?

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 Observing Safety Precautions in
Lesson Horticultural Crop Operations:

4 ADVERSE WEATHER
CONDITIONS
Weather plays a major role in determining the success of agricultural
pursuits. Most field crops are dependent solely upon weather to provide life
sustaining water and energy. Livestock are also dependent upon weather for
their comfort and food supplies. Occasionally, adverse weather conditions can
cause production losses, especially if experienced during critical stages of
growth. Individual elements of weather influence crops and livestock in
particular ways. The combination of all weather elements occurring
simultaneously can have additive effects especially to the safety of farm
properties and safety of farm workers.

What’s In

How can you tell today is a good day to be working in the farm?
How can you safeguard yourself from accidents brought by adverse/ catastrophic
weather conditions?

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 What’s New
Teacher has the prerogative as to where you want your students to write their answers.
Answer the following:

What do you know about extreme/adverse weather conditions?

Identify the different illustrations of adverse weather conditions below:

1. ____________________ 2. _____________________ 3._______________________

4. ____________________ 5. ______________________ 6. _____________________

Can you list down extreme/adverse weather conditions that our country have
experienced?

What is It

Adverse weather conditions

Weather is the state of the atmosphere, including temperature,
atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover. It
differs from climate, which is all weather conditions for a particular location
averaged over about 30 years. Weather is influenced by latitude, altitude, and
local and regional geography.

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• Tornado-like winds pick up a storage shed and two farm workers are hurt.
• Caught in a sudden summer thunderstorm, a tractor operator is seriously
burned after being struck by lightning.
• A truck stalls near an isolated livestock facility and the driver is
hospitalized after walking two miles in severe cold to get help.
• Two farm workers suffer heat stroke while baling hay on a hot, humid
afternoon.
• Heat Stress • Hearing Loss
• Skin Disorders • Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome

Farmers work in all kinds of weather. These examples of injuries caused

by severe weather can and do happen every year in agricultural operations.
While they cannot avoid the elements altogether, farmers must know when to
take cover and the type of precautions necessary to avoid serious injuries or
death. Adverse weather conditions experienced by our country – Philippines,
will be discussed here as well as the signs to watch out for and things to do
should these imminent, almost unpredictable weather conditions occur.

TORNADO

Tornadoes are not uncommon in the

Philippines. The country continues to
experience extreme weather, however,
tornadoes rarely form in urban areas such as
Manila ang Cebu. Most of the tornadoes in
the Philippines form in flat terrains like
Mindanao and Central Luzon including Nueva
Ecija and
Bulacan. The tornado that left a mark to every
Filipinos was the Manila tornado that hit Manila on 4:30PM on August 14,
2016 amid the southwest monsoon floods and heavy rains that hit the island
of Luzon.

What to watch for:

Dark, often greenish sky; a cloud that looks like a wall; and a loud roar,
similar to a freight train.

What to do:
 In an open field, stop and get out of the tractor or vehicle. Lie in a low area
or ditch away from the tractor. Cover your head with your arms to protect
yourself from flying debris.
 Do not try to outrun a tornado on your tractor. A tornado's speed and
direction are deceptive.

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 Know which buildings can offer the best protection, such as a building
with a below-grade floor (basement), or a building with a strong inner
structure (barn). Stay away from the outside walls of the building.

EXCESSIVE HEAT
In a normal year, an average of 175 people
succumb to the demands of summer heat.
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat
stroke are real risks for people exposed to
excessive heat. In the disastrous heat wave
of 1980, more than 1,250 people died.
Heat disorders occur when the body is
unable to either shed heat by
sweating, or make up fluids (or salt) lost through perspiration. The most
serious condition, heat stroke, requires emergency medical treatment and can
be fatal. The severity of heat disorders tends to increase with age and physical
activity. Persons with weight or alcohol problems are more susceptible to heat
reactions. Exposure to full sunlight and humid conditions add to how hot it
really feels. Strong, very hot, dry winds also increase the risk of developing
heat disorders.

What to watch for:

The daily Heat Index (HI) from the National Weather Service, a combination of
air temperature and relative humidity. Symptoms of heat disorders including
painful muscle spasms (heat cramps), heavy sweating, weakness, cold and
clammy skin, fainting, or vomiting (heat exhaustion), and hot dry skin, rapid
pulse, and high body temperature (heat stroke).

What to do:
 Reschedule strenuous activity to coolest time of day.
 Wear light-colored clothing that reflects heat.
 Drink plenty of water before you feel thirsty.
 Always wear a wide-brimmed hat to shield face and neck from sun. Use
sunscreen.
 Take frequent breaks in the shade, or a long break in an air-conditioned
room. Guard against drastic changes over long periods of time by keeping
the air conditioner at a moderate, rather than chilly, setting.

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THUNDERSTORMS Compared
to other storms,
thunderstorms are small.
They typically are only 30
miles wide and last an
average of 30 minutes.
Despite their size,
thunderstorms are more
deadly than tornadoes. All
thunderstorms produce
lightning, which kills an
average of 93 people every
year. Some thunderstorms produce heavy rain that leads to flash flooding,
which kills approximately 140 people every year. Most deaths by lightning
happen outdoors, although you can be injured from lightning while indoors
(e.g., talking on the telephone, taking a shower or bath, or standing near a
window or open door). The air near a lightning strike is heated to 50,000°F,
hotter than the surface of the sun. Contrary to popular belief, lightning often
strikes areas outside of heavy rain and may occur as far as 10 miles away
from any rainfall. Many people also believe that "heat lightning" after very hot
summer days poses no threat. In reality, "heat lightning" is from a storm too
far away for the thunder to be heard. Caution is advised because the storm
could be moving toward you.
Flash flooding quickly can result in fatalities when preventative actions are
not taken, such as avoiding low-water bridges or roads that could be washed
out. Many deaths occur when people are trapped in vehicles. When a storm
occurs at night, the warning may not reach people who need to move out of
or avoid low-lying areas.

What to watch for:

 increasing wind,
 flashes of lightning,  sound of thunder, and
 static on your AM radio.
What to do:
 In an open field, find a low spot away from trees, fences, and poles. Make
sure the place is not subject to flooding.
 If you are in the woods, take shelter under shorter trees.

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 If you have no shelter, make yourself the smallest target by squatting low
to the ground on the balls of your feet. Minimize contact with the ground,
and place your hands on your knees with your head between them when
your skin tingles or your hair stands on end.
 If you are in a tractor or other vehicle during an electrical storm, stay put.
Vehicles often provide better protection than lying exposed in open fields.
 When a flash flood warning has been issued for your area, avoid low-lying
areas, and do not drive over low-water bridges, small creeks, or roads that
may be soft or partially washed out. It is better to spend the extra time to
take other routes than to be caught in swiftly moving floodwaters.

LA NINA
La Niña means Little Girl in
Spanish. La Nina is also
sometimes called El Viejo, antiEl
Nino, or simply "a cold event." La
Nina has the opposite effect of El
Nino. During La Nina events,
trade winds are even stronger
than usual, pushing more warm
water toward Asia. La Niña is
defined as cooler than normal
sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific ocean
that impact global weather patterns. La Niña conditions recur every few years
and can persist for as long as two years.

EL NIÑO
El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean
temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, as
opposed to La Niña, which is characterized by
unusually cold ocean temperatures in the
Equatorial Pacific. El Niño is an oscillation of the
ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific
having important consequences for weather
around the globe.
Among these consequences are increased rainfall across the southern tier of
the US and in Peru, which has caused destructive flooding, and drought in
the West Pacific, sometimes associated with devastating brush fires in
Australia. Observations of conditions in the tropical Pacific are considered
essential for the prediction of short term (a few months to 1 year) climate
variations.

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 Since early 2015, more than 40 per cent of the
Philippines has been experiencing severe drought
triggered by El-Niño, causing the loss of
agriculture production amounting to 82 million
US dollars (81 million Swiss francs). The
International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC) recently released an
Information Bulletin on the drought and
dry
spells. The province of Cebu, located in Visayas, is just one of 37 provinces
who experienced under a state of calamity due to the drought in the year of
2016.

TYPHOON
A typhoon is a giant, rotating storm that
brings wind, rain, and destruction. A
typhoon forms when winds blow into areas
of the ocean where the water is warm. ...
This creates pressure, which causes the
winds to move very quickly. The winds
rotate, or spin, around a center called an
eye. The more warm air and moisture there
is, the more intense the winds. Typhoons can bring terrible damage due to
thunderstorms, torrential rain and flooding, violent winds, incredible and
extremely high tides, and tidal surges. Typhoon force winds can range from
25 MPH to 150 MPH. Tropical storm winds can reach 300 mph. In the Pacific
and Indian Oceans, typhoons can affect all land masses from Asia to the
Middle East to Australia.
Hurricanes and typhoons can cause catastrophic damage to coastlines and
several hundred miles inland. They can produce winds exceeding 155 miles
per hour as well as tornadoes and microbursts. Additionally, hurricanes and
typhoons can create storm surges along the coast and cause extensive damage
from heavy rainfall. Floods and flying debris from the excessive winds are
often the deadly and destructive results of these weather events. Slow moving
hurricanes and typhoons traveling into mountainous regions tend to produce
especially heavy rain. Excessive rain can trigger landslides or mud slides.
Flash flooding can occur due to intense rainfall.
Between 1970 and 1999, more people lost their lives from freshwater inland
flooding associated with tropical cyclones than from any other weather hazard
related to such storms.

Hurricane and Typhoon Preparedness Checklist

• Build an emergency kit and make a family emergency plan
• Know your surroundings

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• Learn the elevation level of your property and whether the land is flood
prone, which will help you know how your property will be affected when
storm surge or tidal flooding are forecasted
• Identify levees and dams in your area and determine whether they pose a
hazard to you
• Determine where you would go and how you would get there if you needed
to evacuate
• Make plans to secure your property:
• Cover all of your home's windows with permanent storm shutters or
5/8inch marine plywood, cut to fit and ready to install (tape does not
prevent windows from breaking!)
• Install straps or additional clips to securely fasten your roof to the frame
structure
• Be sure trees and shrubs around your home are well trimmed so they are
more wind resistant
• Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts
• Reinforce your garage doors; if wind enters a garage it can cause
dangerous and expensive structural damage
• Plan to bring in all outdoor furniture, decorations, garbage cans and
anything else that is not tied down
• Determine how and where to secure your boat
• Install a generator for power outages
• If in a high-rise building, be prepared to take shelter on or below the 10th
floor
• Consider building a safe room

During a Hurricane or Typhoon

• Listen to the radio or TV for information and keep your weather radio
handy
• Secure your home, close storm shutters and secure outdoor objects or
bring them indoors
• Turn off utilities if instructed to do so. Otherwise, turn the refrigerator
thermostat to its coldest setting and keep its doors closed
• Turn off propane tanks
• Avoid using the phone, except for serious emergencies
• Ensure a supply of water for sanitary purpose such as cleaning and
flushing toilets: fill the bathtub and other larger containers with water •
Find out how to keep food safe during and after an emergency
• You should evacuate under the following conditions:
• If you are directed by local authorities to do so, and be sure to follow their
instructions
• If you live in a mobile home or temporary structure — such shelter are
particularly hazardous during hurricane no matter how well fastened to
the ground

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• If you live in a high-rise building — hurricane winds are stronger at higher
elevations
• If you live on the coast, on a floodplain, near a river or on an island
waterway
• If you are unable to evacuate, go to your wind-safe room. If you do not
have one, follow these guidelines:
• Stay indoors during the hurricane and away from windows and glass doors
• Close all interior doors, secure and brace external door
• Keep curtains and blinds closed. Do not be fooled if there is a lull; it could
be the eye of the storm and winds will pick up again
• Take refuge in a small interior room, closet or hallway on the lowest level
• Lie on the floor under a table or another sturdy object
• Avoid elevators

Being prepared can help farmers respond to all kinds of weather. Follow these
tips to make sure you're safe while working outdoors:
• Check weather reports before planning work activities.
• Make sure you have a way of receiving weather information while you
work, especially at remote locations.
• Prepare a family response plan for all types of severe weather conditions.
• Enroll in a first aid course.

What’s More
Answer the following in your notebook.
List down 5 adverse weather conditions that may have been experienced by
our country.
a. _____________________________ b. ______________________________
c. _____________________________ d. ______________________________
e. _____________________________

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Suppose our country will be struck by any of the following weather condition
and it is affecting the area you are currently living, what are you going to do to
keep you safe even while doing your usual routine in agricultural crop
production.

A. TORNADO B. EXCESSIVE HEAT C. THUNDERSTORMS

____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________

D. LA NINA E. EL NINO F. TYPHOON

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____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________

Assessment

Choose the letter of your choice. Write your answer on a piece of paper.

1. When a tornado warning is issued you should: A. watch the weather

closely.
B. take shelter.
C. wait until you hear further instructions.
D. None of the above

2. Lightning occurs only where it is raining. True or false?

3. Hypothermia is:
A. a disease of the hypothalamus gland.
B. not a concern in the summer months.
C. a condition marked by low body temperature.
D. a condition that stops when you go indoors.

4. The Heat Index (HI) measures how hot it really feels by combining the
actual air temperature with the relative humidity. True or False?

5. Wind chill combines wind speed and air temperature to indicate how cold
it really feels. True or False?

II. List down 5 injuries that every farm worker could have when exposed to
any of the adverse weather conditions.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.

III. Identify the different illustrations of adverse weather conditions below:

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2. ____________________ 2. _____________________ 3._______________________

4. ____________________ 5. ______________________ 6. _____________________

7. _____________________

Additional Activities
In your understanding, among the adverse weather conditions discussed in
this module, which of them would you consider to be the most detrimental,
caused a lot of damage and loss? 20 points.
Write your answer on a piece of paper.

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Answer Key
References
• wunderground.com/prepare/hurricane-typhoon
• abc13.com>tornado.manila-philippines-video
• ICRC-International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
Philippines: Drought Stricken farmers in North Cotabato Receive Fund.
Article. 27 May 2016.

• https://www.icrc.org/en/document/philippines-
droughtstrickenfarmers-north-cotabato-receive-food
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net