Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

ARDUINO BASED BAT-OP TRASH GRINDER BIN (ABBOTGB)

Researchers:

DANIELLE C. GULEN

PRINCESS ALELI T. BAUTISTA

MARINEL O. TOLENTINO

MICHELLE ANN MENDEZ

MARGARETTE DE LEON

LYCA JEAN ROQUITA

12- STEM

Project Adviser:

MARVIN DAMASCO

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

As we go along with modernization and development, escalation of environmental

issues comes from within. We are in a globalized world where improvement is greatly

associated with societal problems. Prevalence of pollution has become one of the most

importunate environmental issue alongside with the rapid production of plastics and

environmental wastes that annihilates the Earth’s ability to compact and deal with them.

According to Tiseo (2020), since the industry began, annual global plastic production has

exploded from some 1.5 million metric tons in 1950 to 359 billion metric tons in 2018.

The cumulative production of plastic has already surpassed eight billion metric tons

worldwide, with further increases expected in the coming decades. The increase in plastic

production has become a serious problem worldwide.

Moreover, McKinsey (2015) elaborated that a staggering 2.7 million tons of

plastic waste are generated in the Philippines each year, 20 percent of which is estimated

to end up in the ocean. Greiff (2020) emphasized that most plastic doesn’t biodegrade.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Almost 80% of all plastic ever produced is entombed in landfills, strewn across the

world’s landscapes or drifting in the seas, where it can ensnare marine life or be

devoured, injuring and sometimes killing creatures.

Polka (2018) pointed out that plastic bags and straws can choke and starve marine

life, while microplastics can cause liver, reproductive, and gastrointestinal damage in

animals. Humans are also vulnerable because we eat fish and other animals rife with

microplastics. Plastic toxicity in humans can lead to hormonal disruption and adverse

reproductive and birth outcomes.

As an addition, Simon (2015) asserted that plastic bags are dumped

indiscriminately into landfills worldwide that occupy tons of hectares of land and emit

dangerous methane and carbon dioxide gases as well as highly toxic leachates from these

landfills during their decomposition stage.

This motivated the development of trash grinder bin that aimed to reduce the risks

and prevent harmful effects brought by plastic pollution. Prevalence of plastics will be

managed and proper waste management will be promoted.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Statement of the Problem

This study will aim to create a battery-powered bin that can grind wastes.

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. How will the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin be operated?

2. How will the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin be powered?

3. Is there a significant difference between the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and

manual grinding in terms of time efficiency?

4. Is there a significant difference between the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and

manual grinding in the quality of work in terms of productivity?

5. Is there a significant difference between the cost of manual grinding paid to

workers a month and the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin?

Hypotheses of the Study

1. There is a significant difference between the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and

manual grinding in terms of time efficiency.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

2. There is a significant difference between the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and

manual grinding in the quality of work in terms of productivity.

3. There is a significant difference between the cost of manual grinding paid to

workers a month and the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin.

Objectives of the Study

1. To determine if there is a significant difference between the Bat-Op Trash Grinder

Bin and manual grinding in terms of time efficiency.

2. To determine if there is a significant difference between the Bat-Op Trash Grinder

Bin and manual grinding in the quality of work in terms of productivity.

3. To determine if there is a significant difference between the cost of manual

grinding paid to workers a month and the Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin.

Significance of the Study

The researchers found this study, Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin, significant

to many aspects.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

To the community. This study is purposely proposed to be able to promote proper

waste management and to lessen plastic pollution.

To the companies developing products made up of recycled plastics. This study will

help them is different ways; creating opportunities for more man power in companies

using recycled plastics in developing products. This will also help them discover more

sustainable products using recycled plastic

To the future researchers. This encourages them in checking out modifications and

development to be made in the Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin.

To the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). This study is significant in

helping the Department of Science and Technology in providing more environmental

inventions or innovations that will help people in using technology for a better, safer and

cleaner environment.

Scope and Limitations

This study mainly focuses on the development of the Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash

Grinder Bin.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

The study was conducted at Alaminos City National High School.

Experimentation was conducted with proper and efficient tools. The researchers observed

and followed safety precautions like wearing protective mask, gloves, and laboratory

gown. The researchers purchased the materials in a hardware stores. The results were

recorded and interpreted using the two sample T-test and Wilcoxon

Ranked Sum test.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are used in the study:

Alaminos City National High School. It refers to the school of the researchers.

Arduino Uno. A microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P

microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc which is equipped with sets of digital and

analog input or output pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards and other

circuits.

Grinder. A machine that chops material while mixing it, by means of a high-

speed spinning blade.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Plastics. It refers to the polymeric material that has the capability of being molded

or shaped.

Plastic Pollution. It is the harmful accumulation of synthetic plastic products in

the environment.

Push Button Switch. It is a type of switch which consists of a simple electric

mechanism or air switch mechanism to turn something on or off.

T-Test. It refers to a measure that states the number of variables that can change

within a statistical test.

Standard Deviation. Used to measure the amount of variation or dispersion of

Mean Ratings.

Waste Disposal. The collection, processing, and recycling or deposition of the

waste materials of human society.

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. It determines the efficiency of the variables being

compared and manipulated.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Motorcycle Battery. Used for storing electrical energy which is generated by a reversible

chemical reaction between the lead and the acid in the battery.

Cable Wires. A rope which by force is exerted to control a mechanism. Used to carry

electronic signals.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the detailed procedure taken in the conduct of this study.

Conceptual Framework

OUTPUT
PROCESS
INPUT
Arduino Based Bat-Op
Arduino UNO, Motorcycle Assembling, programming,
Trash Grinder Bin
Battery, Garbage Bags, and grinding test of the bin.
Grinder, Push Button Switch,
PVC Pipes, Cable Wires

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 1 shows the materials used as the input that are assembled and programmed for

the separation and grinding test of the bin to build the Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash

Grinder Bin.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Flowchart of the Study

The materials were The supervision of a licensed

computer engineer was Nine (9) respondents
gathered by ordering
present during the were randomly selected
them through an online assembling of the Arduino for the acceptability test
application and Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder of the product .
hardware store. Bin.

The nine (9) plastic bags were

used as sample for grinding to
record the quality of work and
time efficiency using the
Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash
Grinder Bin and manual labor
separation and grinding trash;
Three (3) trials were evaluated.
Sensory testing was
conducted to evaluate the
The respondents were
quality of nine (9) grinded interviewed to compare
plastic bags, each size of
plastic bags was given three the treatments.
(3) replicates.

The Likert Scale was The data were recorded, Two Sample T -test and
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was
used to discern their tabulatedand analyzed using used to determinethe efficiency
evaluation . appropriatestatistical tools. of the study.

COST ANALYSIS Experimental Research Design

This study made use of Quasi-Experimental Design as the experimental research

design. This method of research design was used in presentation and interpretation of

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

gathered data and results. The results were presented in the forms of tables and

photographs were presented to support the results.

Gathering of Materials

The materials in this study were purchased from an online shopping application and

hardware stores by the researchers. The materials were shipped internationally because

most materials needed are not locally available.

Safety Precautions

The researchers observed and established safety precautions and prescriptions that

were provided by the project coordinator and research adviser. They also reviewed the

whole process of experimentation to be safe from untoward incidents or circumstances.

Wearing of gloves and lab gowns to avoid further complications and ensure their safety

were observed and monitored.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Preparation of Materials

Arduino Uno was used to program the device; taking inputs from a variety of switches

or sensors and controlling a variety of motors and other outputs.

Motorcycle Battery took charge in taking electrical power through direct current, and

convert this energy into mechanical rotation.

Garbage Bags was used in catching grinded trash or un-grinded trash.

Grinder served as an operating machine to grind the indicated trash such as plastic

materials. It is involved in the process of metal cutting by using a rotating abrasive wheel

from the surface of the workpiece.

Push Button Switch was connected to the main source of power and grinder to

manipulate the start and stop process of the grinding process.

PVC Pipes served as the upper body frame of the whole trash bin for the separation of

non-biodegradable wastes in terms of intersecting pipes.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Assembly and Production

In order for the Arduino Based Solar-Powered Trash Sepa-Grinder Bin to work, the

researchers will use the Solar Panel as the power source. Using the Motorcycle Battery,

Grinder, PVC Pipes, and Push Button Switch, the trash bin will be assembled. The Push

Button Switch will be used to start the grinding operation. The Arduino IDE input will be

connected to the Arduino Uno.

Testing of the Product

The researchers tested the capacity strength and durability that the project made use of.

For the capacity strength and durability, the researchers conducted an operation test to

check if Trash Grinder Bin can do work in grinding trash. The quality of work of the

product was also evaluated during the operation.

Evaluation of Time Efficiency

The nine (9) plastic bags were used as sample for grinding to record the quality of work

and time efficiency using the Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and manual labor

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

grinding trash. Three (3) trials were evaluated for the comparison of Arduino Based Bat-

Op Trash Grinder Bin and manual labor grinding trash.

To compare the differences among the trials, statistical two sample t-test were employed.

Sensory Testing

An acceptability test was conducted to see the quality of work between the Arduino

Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and manual labor grinding trash. Each respondent

evaluated the quality of nine (9) grinded plastic bags. Each size of plastic bags was given

three (3) replicates to further validate their judgement. The quality of the grinded plastics

was judged randomly using the same scale as to the quality. All of which was based on

the respondents’ assessments.

Data Gathering

Tests were conducted to record the quality of the product in comparison with the

separator machine and Trash Sepa-Grinder bin in terms of time efficiency. To compare

the treatments, one machinery of Trash Sepa-Grinder Bin and trash separator were

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

selected including two (2) skilled men. They were interviewed after doing the said

operation and figure the capacity and durability between the project and the two

machineries.

To distinguish their judgement, the Likert scale was used in the following scale:

5 - Highly Accepted

4 - Accepted

3 - Moderately Accepted

2 - Fairly Accepted

1 -Not Accepted

To determine the level of acceptability, average weighted mean was used. The

following scale was utilized:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Tabulation of Data

The results of evaluation were tabulated using the sample table that was used in the

statistical comparison. Data was recorded, tabulated and analyzed to appropriate

statistical tools.

Statistical Analysis

The different trials were compared using t-test.

Where:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

t = t-value

X = sample mean of X group

Y = sample mean of Y group sX= sample standard

deviation of X group sY= sample standard deviation of Y

group

Nx= size of X sample

Ny= size of Y sample

T-test was used to determine the efficiency of the study. This test can prove whether the

alternative or null hypothesis shall be accepted or rejected. This can also show the

significant difference between the Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and manual

labor in terms of quality of work done.

Standard Deviation was used to measure the amount of variation or dispersion of Mean

Ratings.

Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was also used to determine the efficiency of the quality of

work between the Arduino Based Bat-Op Trash Grinder Bin and manual labor

in three trials.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ALAMINOS CITY
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Level of Significance

This study made use of α=0.05 level of significance.

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