Advance Central College

Discovery High School

San Jose, Antique

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Chapter II presents the review of literatures that are related to the present

investigation. It includes discussions on the following topics: (1) Effects of COVID-19,

(2) New normal, (3) Changes in the daily life of students caused by COVID-19,

Effects of Covid-19

According to ( Abid Haleem, Mohd Javaid, and Raju Vaishya) COVID-19

(Coronavirus) has affected day to day life and is slowing down the global economy. This

pandemic has affected thousands of peoples, who are either sick or are being killed due to

the spread of this disease. The most common symptoms of this viral infection are fever,

cold, cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to pneumonia.

This, being a new viral disease affecting humans for the first time, vaccines are not yet

available. Thus, the emphasis is on taking extensive precautions such as extensive

hygiene protocol (e.g., regularly washing of hands, avoidance of face to face interaction

etc.), social distancing, and wearing of masks, and so on. This virus is spreading

exponentially region wise. Countries are banning gatherings of people to the spread and

break the exponential curve. Many countries are locking their population and enforcing

strict quarantine to control the spread of the havoc of this highly communicable disease.

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 Advance Central College
Discovery High School
San Jose, Antique

COVID-19 has rapidly affected our day to day life, businesses, disrupted the

world trade and movements. Identification of the disease at an early stage is vital to

control the spread of the virus because it very rapidly spreads from person to person.

Most of the countries have slowed down their manufacturing of the products.The various

industries and sectors are affected by the cause of this disease; these include the

pharmaceuticals industry, solar power sector, tourism, Information and electronics

industry. This virus creates significant knock-on effects on the daily life of citizens, as

well as about the global economy.

Presently the impacts of COVID-19 in daily life are extensive and have far

reaching consequences.

•Healthcare

Challenges in the diagnosis, quarantine and treatment of suspected or confirmed

cases.High burden of the functioning of the existing medical system and patients with

other disease and health problems are getting neglected

• Economic

Slowing of the manufacturing of essential goods and disrupt the supply chain of

products, losses in national and international business,poor cash flow in the market and

significant slowing down in the revenue growth.

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Discovery High School
San Jose, Antique

•Social

Service sector is not being able to provide their proper service, cancellation or

postponement of large-scale sports and tournaments, avoiding the national and

international travelling and cancellation of services, disruption of celebration of cultural,

religious and festive events, undue stress among the population, social distancing with

our peers and family members, closure of the hotels, restaurants and religious places,

closure of places for entertainment such as movie and play theatres, sports clubs,

gymnasiums, swimming pools, and so on. And Postponement of examinations

This COVID-19 has affected the sources of supply and effects the global

economy. There are restrictions of travelling from one country to another country. During

travelling, numbers of cases are identified positive when tested, especially when they are

taking international visits. All governments, health organisations and other authorities are

continuously focussing on identifying the cases affected by the COVID-19. Healthcare

professional face lot of difficulties in maintaining the quality of healthcare in these days.

New normal-

We are one year and seven months into the COVID-19 pandemic and infections and

deaths are accelerating in many parts of the world. There are now more than 33.7 million

confirmed cases and over one million deaths.

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 Advance Central College
Discovery High School
San Jose, Antique

The Asia Pacific Region has comparatively low COVID-19 figures today, partly because

countries have built up the capacities and mechanisms for emergency response over the

years guided by the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases and Public Health

Emergencies, or APSED. However, as the pandemic in the Asia Pacific Region is

entering a “new phase” of the outbreak, governments and individuals need to take further

actions to mitigate risk and minimize transmission while maintaining social and

economic activities. While several countries have managed to contain outbreaks early on,

many are now tackling new surges. For some, these new clusters have been larger and

more complex than their initial outbreaks.

In recent months, young and healthy people in their 20s, 30s and 40s have been driving

transmission in the region—young adults who are socially and economically active,

mobile and returning to work and school. Many are often asymptomatic or present only

mild symptoms if infected and therefore, may unknowingly spread the virus to co-

workers, family members, fellow students and others. These transmissions remain

challenging for countries to detect, despite improved surveillance, expanded testing and

screening programs, better lab capacity and increased health-care-seeking practices.

In Australia and the Philippines, for example, the percentage of reported cases of people

under 45 years was at or below 50% prior to 01 June. The same age group came to

represent more than 60% of reported cases since 01 June. These trends pose worrying

risks, particularly to vulnerable and disadvantaged groups: older people, people with

chronic conditions and/or disabilities, people living in populous urban areas or under-

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 Advance Central College
Discovery High School
San Jose, Antique

served rural areas and others who are marginalized and have limited access to

information and services. If not immediately tracked and traced, infections among some

of these populations can result in more severe and fatal outcomes. In our region, we've

seen multiple residential care facilities experience outbreaks in Hong Kong [5], as well as

in Australia [6], where 580 out of 788 deaths (as of 11 September) were associated with

outbreaks in long-term care facilities. In many countries, more than 40% of COVID-19

related deaths have been linked to long-term care facilities, with figures being as high as

80% in some high-income countries. Preventing COVID-19 transmission is contingent on

public compliance and private sector cooperation to suppress human to human

transmission. Countries of the Western Pacific have adopted new behaviors to prevent

infection, such as mask-wearing, physical distancing, tele-working and hand hygiene as

part of daily life. Now the challenge is to make these new behaviors part of our everyday

habits. One key lesson learned from this pandemic is that clear, caring, inclusive and

regular communication from authorities contributes to public trust in the government's

response, which leads to improved understanding of individual responsibility and,

subsequently, a greater willingness to adopt infection prevention practices as part of “the

new normal”. Embedding these practices as part of our “new normal” can be a stepping

stone to a “new future”, with benefits for other health issues, far beyond the response to

COVID-19.

After 1 year and 7 months of the pandemic, we are starting to see a way to restore health,

economies and societies together. Long-term planning and investments will enable us to

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Discovery High School
San Jose, Antique

rebuild more resilient societies and help achieve our common vision to become the

healthiest and safest Region.

Changes in the daily life of students cause by COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced uncertainty into major aspects of national and

global society, including for schools. For example, there is uncertainty about how school

closures last spring impacted student achievement, as well as how the rapid conversion of

most instruction to an online platform this academic year will continue to affect

achievement. Without data on how the virus impacts student learning, making informed

decisions about whether and when to return to in-person instruction remains difficult.

Even now, education leaders must grapple with seemingly impossible choices that

balance health risks associated with in-person learning against the educational needs of

children, which may be better served when kids are in their physical schools.

Amidst all this uncertainty, there is growing consensus that school closures in spring

2020 likely had negative effects on student learning. For example, in an earlier post for

this blog, we presented our research forecasting the possible impact of school closures on

achievement. Based on historical learning trends and prior research on how out-of-

school-time affects learning, we estimated that students would potentially begin fall 2020

with roughly 70% of the learning gains in reading relative to a typical school year. In

mathematics, students were predicted to show even smaller learning gains from the

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Discovery High School
San Jose, Antique

previous year, returning with less than 50% of typical gains. While these and other

similar forecasts presented a grim portrait of the challenges facing students and educators

this fall, they were nonetheless projections. The question remained: What would learning

trends in actual data from the 2020-21 school year really look like? Social Media on

individuals

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