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I would like to share some of the tips which can help in ascertaining failure of a distribution/power transformer
and also in repair of the same. SPM/TRE Engineers in particular must have these on finger tips.
All most all the three phase distribution/power transformers we have in the system are delta/star connected with
capacity ranging from 16 KVA to 12500 KVA. We have to conduct many tests to establish failure of a
transformer but we have to have alternate three phase/single phase supply which may not be available at the
failure locations. At such instance a simple tong tester and insulation tester will be sufficient and serves the
purpose in more than 90% of the cases
1) Tests to be conducted:
a) Continuity test:
Tests the continuity of the winding (Healthy transformer must have continuity in all the phases but transformer
with shorted windings can also have).
Testing terminals:
HV LV
RY rn
YB yn
BR bn
b) IR values:
Tests insulation resistance between windings and winding to earth. A healthy transformer should have
resistance >0 in Mega Ohms.
If HV—E=0 (HV winding is earthed)
LV—E=0 (LV winding is earthed)
HV—LV=0 (HV and LV winding are shorted)
Any of the HV three terminals and any of the LV four terminals can be used for conducting the tests (If
continuity in winding is available).
We should never test charge a DTR/PTR if the IR values are 0 in any of the above three parameters.
c) DC resistance test
A healthy transformer will have approximately same resistance in all the three phase in HV winding though its
value changes with the capacity of the transformer. LV winding resistance cannot be measured with a tong
tester since it has less number of turns and higher size conductor when compared to the HV winding.
Continuity of the LV winding can only be established.
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For example:
a) If the resistance of coils in one phase is 30 Ohms then for a healthy transformer resistance between RY, YB
& BR terminals will be equal and 20 Ohms.
i.e. 1/R=1/30+1/60=3/60=1/20
i.e. R=20 Ohms