Problem 3.32 Use the supermesh concept to solve for Vx in the circuit of Fig. P3.32.

2Ω 2Ω
+
1Ω I1 3A I2 4 Ω Vx
_
supermesh

Figure P3.32: Circuit for Problem 3.32.

Solution: Supermesh:
I1 (1 + 2) + (2 + 4)I2 = 0
Auxiliary:
I2 − I1 = 3 A
Solution is:

I1 = −2 A, I2 = 1 A.
Vx = 4I2 = 4 × 1 = 4 V.

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Problem 3.33 Use the supermesh concept to solve for Ix in the circuit of Fig. P3.33.

12 Ω Ix

supermesh
I4
4A
2A I1 6Ω I2 6Ω I3 3A

Figure P3.33: Circuit for Problem 3.33.

Solution:
Mesh 1: I1 = 2 A.
Supermesh: 6(I2 − I1 ) + 12I4 + 6(I2 − I3 ) = 0.
Mesh 3: I3 = −3 A.
Auxiliary: I4 − I2 = 4 A.
Solution is:

I1 = 2 A, I2 = −2.25 A, I3 = −3 A, I4 = 1.75 A.
Ix = −I4 = −1.75 A.

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Problem 3.35 Determine the amount of power supplied by the independent voltage
source in Fig. P3.35 by applying the mesh-analysis method.

+ Vx _
+ 2Ω
12 V _ 4Ω I2 2Vx +
_
I1

Figure P3.35: Circuit for Problem 3.35.

Solution:

Mesh 1: −12 + 2I1 + 4(I1 − I2 ) = 0

Mesh 2: 4(I2 − I1 ) + 2Vx = 0
Auxiliary: Vx = 2I1

Solution is:

I1 = 2 A, I2 = 0.
Vx = 2I1 = 2 × 2 = 4 V.

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Problem 3.36 Use mesh analysis to find Ix in the circuit of Fig. P3.36.

4V
0.2 Ω
+_
0.5 Ω I3 0.5 Ω
Ix
0.1 Ω 0.1 Ω
+ I1 I2 +
0.1 Ω
_ 2V 3V _

Figure P3.36: Circuit for Problem 3.36.

Solution:

Mesh 1: − 2 + 0.1I1 + 0.5(I1 − I3 ) + 0.1(I1 − I2 ) = 0

Mesh 2: 0.1(I2 − I1 ) + 0.5(I2 − I3 ) + 0.1I2 + 3 = 0
Mesh 3: 0.5(I3 − I1 ) + 0.2I3 + 4 + 0.5(I3 − I2 ) = 0

Solution is:

I1 = −8.69 A, I2 = −14.9 A, I3 = −13.2 A,

Ix = I1 − I2 = 6.25 A.

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Problem 3.39 Apply mesh analysis to the circuit of Fig. P3.39 to determine Ix .

2A

6V I3
0.5 Ω
_+
Ix
0.5 Ω I1 I2 4A
0.5 Ω

Figure P3.39: Circuit for Problem 3.39.

Solution:

Mesh 1: 0.5I1 − 6 + 0.5(I1 − I2 ) = 0

Mesh 2: I2 = −4 A
Mesh 3: I3 = −2 A

Hence, I1 = 4 A.
Ix = I1 − I2 = 4 + 4 = 8 A.

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Problem 3.40 Determine Vx in the circuit of Fig. P3.40.

4Ω
I3 2I
2Ω __
++ 6Ω
I
1Ω +
+ I1 I2 1Ω Vx
1Ω _
_ 8V

Figure P3.40: Circuit for Problems 3.40 and 3.42.

Solution:

Mesh 1: −8 + I1 + 2(I1 − I3 ) + (I1 − I2 ) = 0

Mesh 2: (I2 − I1 ) − 2I + 6(I2 − I3 ) + I2 = 0
Mesh 3: 2(I3 − I1 ) + 4I3 + 6(I3 − I2 ) + 2I = 0
Auxiliary: I = I1 − I2

Solution is:

I1 = 2.82 A, I2 = 1.41 A, I3 = 0.94 A.

Vx = I2 × 1 = I2 = 1.41 V.

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Problem 3.45 Use an analysis method of your choice to determine I0 in the circuit
of Fig. P3.45.

5Ω
+ 10 Ω 10 Ω
12 V _ I1
5Ω
10 Ω
I3 I4
I0
I2 10 Ω 10 Ω
5Ω

Figure P3.45: Circuit for Problem 3.45.

Solution: We choose the mesh-current method.

Mesh 1: − 12 + 5I1 + 10(I1 − I3 ) + 10(I1 − I2 ) = 0

Mesh 2: 10(I2 − I1 ) + 10(I2 − I3 ) + 5I2 = 0
Mesh 3: 10(I3 − I1 ) + 5(I3 − I4 ) + 10(I3 − I2 ) = 0
Mesh 4: 5(I4 − I3 ) + 20I4 = 0

Simultaneous solution leads to:

I1 = 1.07 A, I2 = 0.73 A, I3 = 0.75 A, I4 = 0.15 A.

I0 = I3 − I4 = 0.75 − 0.15 = 0.6 A.

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Problem 3.46 Simplify the circuit in Fig. P3.46 as much as possible using
source transformation and resistance combining, and then apply mesh analysis to
determine Ix .

6Ω 3Ω 3Ω 4Ω
+ Ix
12 V _ 6Ω 6Ω
1Ω
4Ω 3Ω

Figure P3.46: Circuit of Problem 3.46.

Solution:

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 6Ω 3Ω 3Ω 4Ω
+ Ix
12 V _ 6Ω 6Ω
1Ω
4Ω 3Ω

3Ω 3Ω 4Ω
Ix
2A 3Ω 6Ω
1Ω
4Ω 3Ω

3Ω 3Ω 3Ω 4Ω
+ Ix
6V _ 6Ω
1Ω
4Ω 3Ω

3Ω 4Ω
Ix
1A 6Ω 6Ω
1Ω
4Ω 3Ω

3Ω

3Ω I2 4Ω
+ Ix
3V _ I1
1Ω
4Ω I3 3Ω

Fig. P3.46 (a)

KVL by inspection gives:

    
(3 + 3 + 4) −3 −4 I1 3
 −3 (3 + 4 + 1) −1  I2  = 0
−4 −1 (4 + 1 + 3) I3 0
Solution yields
I1 = 0.466 A,

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 I2 = 0.207 A,
I3 = 0.259 A.

Hence,
Ix = I3 − I2 = 0.259 − 0.207 = 0.052 A.

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Problem 3.52 Apply the by-inspection method to develop a node-voltage matrix
equation for the circuit in Fig. P3.52 and then use MATLAB
R
or MathScript software
to solve for V1 and V2 .
12 Ω
V1 V2

2A 6Ω 4A 6Ω 3A

Figure P3.52: Circuit for Problem 3.52.

Solution:
 
1 1
Node 1: G11 = + = 0.25
6 12
1
G12 = G21 = − = −0.083
12
 
1 1
G22 = + = 0.25
6 12
It1 = 2 + 4 = 6 A
It2 = 3 − 4 = −1 A

Application of Eq. (3.26) gives:

    
0.25 −0.083 V1 6
=
−0.083 0.25 V2 −1

Matrix inversion gives

V1 = 25.5 V, V2 = 4.5 V.

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Problem 3.54 Develop a mesh-current matrix equation for the circuit in Fig. P3.54
by applying the by-inspection method. Solve for I1 to I3 .
5Ω

5Ω 5Ω
I1 I2 I3
+ _
21 V _ 10 Ω 10 Ω + 4.2 V

Figure P3.54: Circuit for Problem 3.54.

Solution:

R11 = 5 + 10 = 15
R12 = R21 = −10
R13 = R31 = 0
R22 = 10 + 5 + 10 = 25
R23 = R32 = −10
R33 = 10 + 5 = 15
Vt1 = 21
Vt2 = 0
Vt3 = 4.2

Application of Eq. (3.29) gives:

    
15 −10 0 I1 21
−10 25 −10 I2  =  0 
0 −10 15 I3 4.2

Matrix inversion gives:

I1 = 2.36 A, I2 = 1.44 A, I3 = 1.24 A.

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