10

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

TECHNICAL DRAFTING
Quarter 1- Module 3
Introduction to Floor Plan Layout

Technology and Livelihood Education – Technical Drawing - Grade 10

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Introduction to Architectural Working Drawings

Writer: JOAN ROSE NUARIN - Technical Drafting Teacher

TLE Department, Ramon Magsaysay (Cubao) High School

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood- Grade 10) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on (DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS)
This course introduces the different learning activities that will prepare you to be skillful before you
take the plunge into the world of work as draftsman and to feel more confident while providing
support where needed.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Home Economics Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on (TECHNICAL DRAFTING (10)

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict
skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

 What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled into
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.
References

MELCS Curriculum Guide 2020

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding The learner independently prepares

of concepts and underlying principles in architectural layout and details based on

the preparation of architectural layout established industry and/or job

and details. requirements.

This module is designed and written to help you master the core concepts
and principle of Drafting structural layout and design. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the text book you are now using.

This module comprises three lessons:

Lesson 1- Floor Plan

Lesson 2- Architectural Symbols/Abbreviation

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

 define floor plan;

 identify architectural symbols and abbreviation;
 draft floor plan and foundation plan.
 What I Know

Multiple Choice
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and previous experiences
about Technical Drafting. This phase will guide you in assessing yourself by answering the
questions below before you further explore the basics of architectural layout and details.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided before each number.
1. What do you call this drawing in a scale that shows a view from above, the
relationships between rooms, spaces, traffic patterns, and other physical features at one
level of a structure?
A. Blue print C. Perspective house
B. Floor plan D. None of the choices
2. What plan is created first by an Architectural drafter that usually begins with a set of
working drawings?
A. Building section B. Elevation C. Floor plan D. Foundation
3. Which of the following is an interior closet door that is made of two hinged panels that
fold to one side of the opening?
A. Bifold Doors B. Doors C. Double doors D. Pocket doors 19.
4. Which of the following define as a small drawings or pictograph used in drawing
plan?
A. Drawing B. Logo C. Realia D. Symbols
5. In floor plan layout, which of the following room is for sleeping?
A. Bedroom B. Comfort room C. Kitchen D. Living Area

What’s In

In this module you will begin to draw floor plans using the house planning you
have already done in the past modules. This module is best followed in order. If you are
just starting out with your house design.

So now, are you ready, let’s start!

What’s New

Activity 1: Bubble Diagram

Before you begin to actually draw your house plans, it is a good idea to create simple architectural
bubble diagrams for your floor plans. This will allow you to play around with the locations of
rooms and how they interact with one another.

Start with drawing a bubble for where your main entrance could be. Where you will enter your own
home, most of the time. Mark small bubbles at any other places where you feel you will need a door
or entrance. If you will have a yard, vegetable garden, driveway, or foot path from another
direction, consider how you will enter the home from those various places.

At this point you are just drawing small bubbles so don't get too concerned if it looks like you will
have several entrances. Later when you have firmed up your ideas and are drawing the actual floor
plans, you can figure out how these entrances can be combined to result in fewer doors. But initially
mark all these bubbles so you can see where the ideal places are.

Example;

Direction: Make a simple bubble diagram, in the other piece of paper.

What Is It

Technical Terms Encountered in Preparing Architectural Job Requirements

Column/Footing/Beam Schedule- a complete specification of column, footings, and beam

in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.
Construction Notes- a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams, and other
required structural features to present in the plan.
Foundation Plan- a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a building, or a part
of the building below the surface of the ground which sometimes called the substructure.
Floor Plan- is the top view of the floor area of a house.
Footings- a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house or a
portion of the foundation of the structure which directly distributed the weight of the
building over large area.
Structural Layout/Drawing- a type of engineering drawing is a plan or set of plans for
how long a building or structure will be built. It is generally prepared by the professional
engineer and informed by architectural drawings.

Lesson 1: Draft a Floor Plan

This lesson is designed in order that the student may be able to prepare and familiarize
with the different things needed in preparing the requirements of a simple residential
house plan.
A master plan of a house is also the designer’s prescription based of the needs and wants
of the client. It is further more defined as a visual presentation of conceptual ideas. Good
plan, however is functional and economically design adhering to the principles of Form
Follows Functions.

Floor Plan- is a section representation of the details of the floor area as seen from the top.
This reveals the arrangement of the following parts; Living Area, Bed Room, Dining Area,
Kitchen, Toilet and Bath and Carport/Garage. It is also showing the windows and door
opening (entrance and exit), the setbacks and the clearances.
 Or the top view of the floor area of a house. The cutting plane line for this top view
passes between the upper and lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of
rooms, doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.
 Floor plan
A floor plan of a house is usually seen as an attachment on a flyer distributed by
the sales agents of a house and lot or condo units apart from the site
development plan which shows the location of the units being sold. The floor plan
is one of the selling aspects of the units because this tells the client whether they
will be comfortable with the size, the arrangement and the style of the house.
This lesson is designed to help you draft sample floor plans that follow a given
architectural design standards and requirements.

What I Know
Skills Assessment

Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain in
order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the skills expected
of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not so familiar yet, “A
little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills. Don’t feel bad if you
checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is being administered to
determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the lesson to be presented.

Skills in Drafting Floor Plans Not Much A little A lot

I can draw walls, windows, doors, fixtures and fittings

according to architectural design standards.
I can draw grid and dimension lines according to
architectural design standards.
I know how to use metric scale system according to
the magnitude of the plan.
I can identify sizes of doors, walls and rooms following
the schedule.
I know to indicate letterings and labels according to the
drafting standards.
 Technical Terms Encountered in Drafting Floor Plans

Bathroom- is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated for easy installation of pipes.
Bedroom- is a room for sleeping and for taking a rest.
Carport- is a garage consists of a free-standing roof completely separated from the house,
or it may be built against the existing walls of the house with one or more of the exterior walls
removed.
Garage- is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an automobile.
Kitchen- is the place where foods are prepared.
Livingroom- is the center of the living area in most homes.
Main Entrance- provides access to the house. It is the one through which guests are
welcomed. It provides shelter to anyone awaiting entrance.
Service Entrance- provides access to the house through which supplies can be delivered
to the service areas.

Steps in Drawing Floor Plans

1. Layout the position of exterior and interior walls. Refer to Rule VIII of the New National
Building Code under the 2005 Implementing Rules & Regulations (No. 7)
2. Add the thickness of the walls with a hard pencil (Don’t darken the walls at this stage).
3. Locate the position of doors and windows by center line and by their width.
4. Darken the object lines with an F pencil.
5. Add door and window symbols with 2H pencil.
6. Add symbols for stairwells.
7. Erase extra heavy lines that can be perceive as object lines.
8. Draw the outline of the furniture and fixtures.
9. Add symbols for any masonry work such as planters if necessary.
10. Dimension the drawing.

Rules for Dimensioning Floor Plans

1. Architectural dimension lines are unbroken lines with dimension placed above the lines.
Arrowheads, dash, small circles and diagonal are used to denote the termination of
the dimension line. Arrowheads may also be placed outside the extension lines when
the area is too narrow or limited.
2. Dimensions should be placed to read from the right or from the bottom of the drawing.
The measurements should always be written above the dimension lines.
3. Dimension lines are placed about 10 mm. apart. Overall dimensions of the building are
placed outside all other dimensions.
4. Rooms are dimensioned from the center line of partitions. In some cases, they maybe
dimensioned from wall to wall, exclusive of wall thickness.
5. In dimensioning stairs, the number of risers is placed on a line with an arrow indicating
 the direction (up or down).
6. Architectural dimensions always refer to the actual size of the building regardless of the
scale of the drawing.
7. Never crowd dimensions. To free the plan of excessive dimensions, the sizes of doors
and windows are given in the door and window schedule.
8. Refrain from double entry dimensions and omit obvious dimensions.

Doors and Windows in Plan

1. Show normally swinging doors at 90 degrees opening.

2. Doors swing are shown with light lines and quarter symbols.
3. Door type is not illustrated in plan, only in elevation.
4. Windows type cannot be explained in plan except for width and location.
5. Show sill lines with a lighter line weight than walls, jambs and glass.
Area Planning

In developing any architectural design, the designer should progress logically follow step by
step the design process. One key step is to divide the functions of the building into specific
areas.
In multi-storey buildings, a separate floor plan is drawn for each floor level when the layout
of the room is not in each floor. However, when two or more floor levels have the same
arrangement and features, one typical floor plan representing all the identical floors will
suffice.
Abstraction
In planning for the arrangement of the floor plan area and the location of the
house on the lot, we have to consider the convenience and comfort of the users
and occupants. Furthermore, the floor plan must be functional and economically
designed adhering to a sound planning consideration.
Distribution
This refers to the placement, location and arrangement of each unit in relation
with each other as function and coordination. In arranging the main parts of a
house,

Three Major Functional Areas of a House

1. The Living Area

2. The Sleeping Area
3. The Service Area

Area/room requirements and pointers in planning:

Living Area. This is the center of the living area in most homes. It should be centrally
located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance and to the dining area, but the
entrance should not lead directly into the living room. This is the area of the home that
most strangers or visitors observe. As the name implies, it is here where the family
entertains, relaxes, listen to music, watches television, enjoy hobbies, dines and
participates in other recreational activities.
Recommended sizes should be at least 2.00m x 3.00 small, 3.70 m. x 5.50 m.
average or optimum size would be 6.10 x 7.90 m. in rectangular shape.
Living Area

 The living area should be located at the entrance to easily accommodate

members of the family and guest.
Bedroom

 To ensure comfort while sleeping, the bed length should be 250mm longer
than the individual’s height. A bedside table/cabinet should be provided
and the bedside lamp in addition to the general lighting.

Sample Bedroom
Service Area. The service area includes the kitchen, laundry, garage workshops storage
room and utility room. Since great number of activities takes place in the service area, it
should include facilities for the maintenance and serving the other areas of the house.
The function of the living and sleeping areas is greatly dependent upon the efficiency of
the service area.
Kitchen is the place where food is prepared. It is connected to the work triangle
area for storage and mixing center, preparation and cleaning center and cooking center.
There should be a storage hanging kitchen cabinet with a minimal width of
meter.

Function - The preparation of food is the basic function of the kitchen. It may be used
however as dining and as laundry area. The proper placement of appliances, storage
cabinets and furniture are important in planning to eliminate wasted motion.

Location - Since the kitchen is the core of the service area, it should be located near the
service entrance and near the waste-disposal area. The children’s play area should be visible
from the kitchen and must be adjacent to the dining area and outdoor eating areas.
Kitchen
 A well-planned kitchen is efficient, attractive and easy to maintain. To
design an efficient kitchen the design must consider the basic shape, décor,
size and location of equipment.
 A kitchen must be located near the service entrance and near the waste
disposal area. It should always be adjacent to the dining area.
 The proper placement of appliances, storage cabinets and furniture are
important in planning. The three work centers which are: the mix center,
sink center and the cook center should be arrange to form a work triangle
for efficiency of service. The sum of the distances between the work center
should not be less than 3.5m and not more than 6m.

Sample Kitchen
 Work Triangle

Sink

Work
triangle

Refrigerator
(mix Cooker
Center)

The Work Triangle

From the work sequences described above, it will be observed that there are
three activities which relate to three main appliances – the refrigerator, the sink and the
gas range or stove. The relationship of these three is commonly referred to as the work
triangle.

Types of kitchen:

A. U-Shaped Kitchen.
B. L-Shaped Type:
 A. Corridor Type:

Dining Area. This is the area where greatly depend on eating habits of the
occupants. This should be located between the living room and kitchen. Its size and
shape are determined by the size of the family.
Dining Area
 The dining area and kitchen should be accessible to each other
for the convenience in preparing and transporting food to and
from.
Sample Dining Area

Bathroom. Bathroom is where the toilet and tub or shower is located to save
economically in plumbing. As much as possible the toilet must be situated near the
kitchen. The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms, accessible to the living room
even without passing through other rooms. The toilet and bath are generally located
between bedrooms. In a two-storey residential house, the bedrooms, toilet, and bath are
often located on the second floor. In this case, the stair must go up from the living room
or hall if there is any. The stair is generally L or U-shaped and has a landing.
Toilet and Bath
 The comfort room should be placed near the bedroom for easy access when
needed.
 For a two-storey residential house, bedrooms and toilet and bath are
located at the second floor. However, another toilet and bath should be
made at the ground floor which is vertically in line with that at the 2 nd floor.
Bathroom Doors and Windows. Bathroom door could be small as 55-60 cm. except
for utility bathroom which requires not less than 70. cm. wide to allow passage of
equipment as required. In general, bathroom wall contains only one door.

Ba
throom Doors and Windows. Bathroom door could be small as 55-60 cm. except for
utility bathroom which requires not less than 70. cm. wide to allow passage of
equipment as required. In general, bathroom wall contains only one door

The main entrance provides access to the house. It is the one through which
guests are welcomed and from which all major traffic patterns radiate. The main
entrance should be readily identifiable. It should provide shelter to anyone who is waiting
at the entrance.
 The service entrance provides access to the house through which supplies can be
delivered to the service areas going through other parts of the house. It should also
provide access to parts of the service area like the garage, laundry or workshop. The
special-purpose entrances and exits do not provide for outside traffic. Instead they
provide for movement from the inside living area of the house to the outside living areas.
A sliding door from the living area to the patio is a special- purpose entrance. It is not an
entrance through which street, drive, or sidewalk traffic would have an access.
Garage and Carports

A garage is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an automobile. It

may be used for many secondary purposes – as a workshop, as a laundry, or for
storage space. It is usually attached to the house in some manner to provide a sheltered

entry.

A carport is a garage with one or more of the exterior walls removed. It may consist of
a free-standing roof completely separate from the house, or it may be built against the
existing walls of the house.
Orientation
Refers to the position and direction of the sunrise and the sunset as well as
prevailing wind directions in the area for the whole year round. This will guide
you where to place the façade of the house and which part to open windows to
accommodate the natural lighting and ventilation. The kitchen and laundry are
best located WEST to avail sunlight.
Circulation
The movement of the occupants onside the house should not be hampered by any
obstacle nor be detoured as a result of poor planning. Provision of standard
passages and clearance should be observed for ease and comfort of the occupants
and to eliminate traffic inside the house.

Notifications and Specifications

Floor finishing and dimension should be indicated in each room.

Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and Detail of Toilet and Bath
Doors and Window Schedule
 Kitchen Detail
A drawing kitchen floor plan complete specification.

Toilet and Bath Detail

A drawing of toilet and bath
Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Staircase Details and Stairways Elevation.
 What’s More
Activity: Complete me!
Direction. Write the parts of floor plan layout of a simple house.

Floor Plan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Think me!

Direction. Answer the following questions. Copy and write your answers in your
notebook.

1. What are the things that I have learned today?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What are the benefits of knowing each guideline in creating a simple floor plan
layout?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What I can do

Activity 4: Draw me!

Direction: Make a simple floor plan layout of your dream house. Draw in Oslo paper
with correct border.
 Additional Activity

TRUE or FALSE
Direction. Choose the correct answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Toilet and Bathroom is located near the kitchen.
2. A kitchen must be located near the service entrance and near the waste disposal area.
3. The living area should be located at the entrance to easily accommodate members of the
family and guest.
4. For a two-storey residential house, bedrooms and toilet and bath are located at the first
floor.
5. The proper placement of appliances, storage cabinets and furniture are important in
planning.

Reference
 https://www.slideshare.net/gilbertbautista3/module-3-module-1-architecural-layout-details-
38963660
 https://www.slideshare.net/loreinmay/drafting-technology-y3
 www.google.com
 https://www.google.com/search?q=corner+lot&hl=en-
US&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=rRZ339fNn6qTrM%252CAU4Lk5pVMmGj6M
%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kTB4tolAXn31r4OflDgb9MrAZqBww&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbqqbA2o_rAhXry4sBHQe3C7EQ9QEwAH
oECAkQMA&biw=1280&bih=587&dpr=1.5#imgrc=rRZ339fNn6qTrM
 Learning module 10 in technical drafting
98