MATM: Measures of Central Tendency

LECTURE 1.1: (PPT BASED AND LECTURE)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
MA’AM THERESA DOMINGO
1st SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 – 2023

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

 To describe a whole set of data with a single
value that represents the middle or center of
x̄ - sample mean
its distribution is the purpose of measure of
central tendency (measures of center or µ - population mean
central location).
 To put in other words, it is a way to describe the
center of a data set.
 It lets us know what is normal or 'average' for a
set of data.
 It also condenses the data set down to one
representative value, which is useful when you
are working with large amounts of data.
I. Find the mean of the following data:
(a) 24, 33, 18, 40, 29, 37, 19, 25, 32, 39, 44, 40
Solution:
24+33+18+40+29+37+19+25+32+39+44+40
𝑥̅ =
12

380
𝑥̅ =
12

𝑥̅ = 31.67

I. Find the mean of the following data:

(b)

MEAN
 The mean by definition is the sum of all the
values in the observation or a dataset divided by
the total number of observations. This is also
known as the arithmetic average.
 The mean can be used for both continuous and
discrete numeric data as well as for categorical
data, as the values cannot be summed.
 As the mean includes every value in the
distribution the mean is influenced by outliers Solution:
(which are numbers that are much higher or x f f(x)
much lower than the rest of the data set) and
skewed (asymmetric) distributions. 4 5 20
 This measurement is applicable to use for ratio
and interval data. 5 10 50
𝑓𝑥
6 12 72 𝑥̅ =
𝑛

7 8 56
401
𝑥̅ =
8 10 80 58

9 7 63 𝑥̅ = 6.91
10 6 60
n = 58 ∑ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎𝟏

1
 MATM: Measures of Central Tendency
LECTURE 1.1: (PPT BASED AND LECTURE)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
MA’AM THERESA DOMINGO
1st SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 – 2023
MEDIAN
 The median is considered as the physical
middle point in a distribution because it is
located at the center position when the values
are arranged in ascending or descending
order, which in turn divides the distribution in
half (there are 50% of observations on either
side of the median value).
 If a distribution has an odd number of
observations, the median value is the middle
value.
 If it is an even number, the median value is the
mean or average of the two middle values.
Exercises: Find the median in the following data.
(a) 24, 33, 18, 40, 29, 33, 19, 25, 45, 33, 39, 44, 40
Solution: Arrange the numbers in either
ascending or descending order.
18, 19, 24, 25, 29, 33, 33, 33, 39, 40, 40, 44, 45
Median is 33.
Find the median.
(b) 10, 12, 8, 9, 10, 7, 14, 13, 5, 15, 14, 11
Solution: Arrange the numbers in either ascending
or descending order.
5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15
NOTE: Since there are two
middlemost values, there is
a need to get their average
to find the median.
𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟏
Median = = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
MODE
 The mode can be found for both numerical and
categorical (non-numerical) data. It is the most
commonly occurring value in a distribution.
 There can be more than one mode for the same
distribution of data, (bi-modal, or multi-modal),
thus limiting the ability of the mode in describing
the center of the distribution.
 In some particular cases, the distribution may
have no mode at all (i.e. if all values are
different).In such case, it may be better to
consider using the median or mean, or group the
data in to appropriate intervals, and find the
modal class.
 Unimodal Distribution – 1 mode
 Bimodal Distribution – 2 modes
 Trimodal Distribution – 3 modes
 NO MODE – If all is tie (lahat sila pare-parehas)
and if no pair is seen (walang parehas)
Find the mode in the following data:
a. 24, 33, 18, 40, 29, 33, 19, 25, 33, 39, 44, 40
Answer: Since 33 appears most frequently, then the
mode is 33 UNIMODAL DISTRIBUTION
b. 3.5, 3.3, 2.4, 3.5, 4.2, 3.2, 4.2, 3.0, 4.0, 3.5, 4.2,
4.0
Answer: 3.5 and 4.2 have the highest frequency.
Therefore, the modes are 3.5 and 4.2. This is an
example of bimodal distribution.
BIMODAL DISTRIBUTION