Penentuan besar

sample
Selamat Pagi
Dr. Pudji Lestari
IKM-KP-FK UA

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 Sample Size vs Number of sample
> Jumlah sampel (number of sample)
> Besar sampel (size of sample)
> Contoh: pada uji T-test  jumlah sampelnya 2
pada uji anava  jumlah sampel >2

 besar sampel (sample size) : banyaknya

unit/individu pada masing-masing kelompok sampel.

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 Things to consider
> Acceptable level of significance
> Power of the study
> Expected effect size
> Underlying event rate in the population-
dichotomous outcome
> Standard deviation in the population.-continues
outcome

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 Alpha and (1- Beta)
> Acceptable level of Power of the study
significance
> Alpha (α) power to reject Ho
> Kesalahan tipe 1 1- beta
> Menolak Ho padahal Ho Menolak Ho dan Ho salah
benar

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 Expected effect size
“perkiraan selisih efek
pada kelompok yang
dibandingkan”
Atau delta

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> Underlying event rate in
the population-
dichotomous outcome
> Prevalensi /insidensi
penyakit/kejadian (%)

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> Standard deviation in the
population.-continues
outcome
> Angka /ukuran outcome
yang diketahui
> Mis : volume perdarahan,
kadar oksigen dll

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Where the numbers
come from
Previous data, report,
jurnal, or analog from
animal study or invitro
study

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 Sample size
Is just an estimation based on previous
record about how many we should take to
be able to capture the variation
Pudji Lestari, 2021

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 Untuk survey/cross sec study
parameter populasi berupa “Proporsi /p”

Finit

Infinit
n = besar sampel minimum
N = besar populasi
Z1-α/2 = nilai sebaran normal baku yang nilainya tergantung α
Bila α = 0,05 (5%)  Z = 1,96
P = Estimator proporsi pada populasi
d = besar penyimpangan yang bisa diterima

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 Contoh kasus
> Berapa proporsi anak dengan hipertensi di kota X?
Penelitian sebelumnya prevalensi 15% , alpha 5% , delta
/presisi 5%

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 Untuk survey/cross sec study
Bila parameter populasi berupa data kontinum
 mempunyai mean (μ) dan varian (σ2)

finit
(Z1-α/2 )2 . σ2
n = ----------------------
d2 Infinit
n = besar sampel minimum
N = besar populasi
Z1-α/2 = nilai sebaran normal baku yang nilainya tergantung α
Bila α = 0,05 (5%)  Z = 1,96
σ 2 = nilai varian populasi
d = besar penyimpangan yang bisa diterima

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 Contoh kasus
> Tekanan darah anak2 di kota tersebut berapa ? 5% alpha
delta/precision of+/- 5 mmHg of either side and
standard deviation, is 25 mmHg
(Z1-α/2 )2 . σ2
n = ----------------------
d2

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 Lets try it up!

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Contoh kasus

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 2. Two Sample t-test

For the hypothesis: H0: 1 = 2 vs. H1: 1  2

For a two tailed t-test, the formula is:

4 2 ( z1 / 2  z1  ) 2
N  n1  n2 
(d  1   2 ) 2

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3. Two-sample proportions
H0 : P1 = P2 vs. H1 : P1  P2

 P1  P2  P1  P2  
4( z1 / 2  z1  ) 
2
 1 
N  n1  n2   2  2 
 d  P1  P2 2

28 - 19
 Merci!
Any questions?

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 References

Kadam P, Bhalerao S. Sample size calculation. Int J Ayurveda Res.

2010;1(1):55-57. doi:10.4103/0974-7788.59946
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876926/
Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different
study designs in medical research?. Indian J Psychol Med.
2013;35(2):121-126. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.116232
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775042

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 Credits

Special thanks to all the people who made and

released these awesome resources for free:
> Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
> Photographs by Unsplash

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