1.

Laboratory/Diagnostic Examinations
Procedure Purpose Normal Range Result Nursing Management
Blood Type This checks the O PRE-PROCEDURE
+Rh factor mother’s blood type (+) Positive 1. Inform the
and Rh factor. Her Rh patient that this
factor may play a role test can help
in the baby’s health. with blood type
During pregnancy, Rh- identification
negative can be a 2. Explain that the
problem if the baby is test requires a
Rh-positive. If the blood sample
mother’s and the 3. Before
baby’s blood mix, the receiving any
mother’s body will start transfusion
to make antibodies that blood products,
can damage the baby’s ensure that a
red blood cells. written and
informed
consent has
been signed.
INTRA-PROCEDURE
4. To see veins,
wrap a band
around the
patient’s arm
5. Clean the
injection site to
avoid infection.
6. Draw the blood
and prepare a
gauze to stop
the bleeding.
POST-PROCEDURE
 7. Send the
sample to the
lab and inform
the patient that
it will just take a
few minutes
8. Give the patient
the results.
HBsAg This measures the NON- PRE-PROCEDURE
( Qualitative) surface antigen of the REACTIVE 1. Inform the
hepatitis B virus. It also patient that this
indicates if a person test can help
has a hepatitis B detect,
infection. evaluate, and
monitor
hepatitis
infection
2. Explain that the
test requires a
blood sample.
3. Obtain a history
of IV drug
usage, risky
sexual
behavior, and
occupational
exposure
INTRA-PROCEDURE
4. Collect a blood
sample and
send it to the
laboratory. Wait
for the
 outcomes.

POST-PROCEDURE
5. Explain the test
results and
counsel
properly if an
infection is
present, for
recovery, and
immunity.
6. inform tom
healthcare
personnel and
family members
about the
protective and
preventative
steps that are
required to
avoid
transmission.
CBC A CBC does many PRE-PROCEDURE
tests to measure and Hemoglobin 122 1. Inform the patient
study red blood cells, 120 - 140 that this test can
white blood cells and help assess
platelets. It measures Hematocrit 0.3 general health and
white blood cells 0.37 - 0.45 the body’s
(WBCs), Red Blood response to
Cells (RBC), Erythrocytes 4.2 illness.
Hemoglobin (Hb or 4.5 - 5.0 2. Encourage the
Hgb), Hematocrit (Hct), patient to avoid
Mean corpuscular Leukocytes 11 stress because it
volume (MVC) test tells 4.5 - 11 will have an
how much of your impact on the
blood is made up of Thrombocytes 164.00 outcome. Inform
red blood cells. and 140 - 440 the patient of the
Platelets that helps the potential
blood clot. Neutrophil 0.58 discomfort they
O.55 - 0.65 will experience if
their skin is
Lymphocytes 0.44 punctured.
0.35 - 0.45 3. Explain that the
test requires a
Monocytes 0.0 blood sample.
0.06 - 0.32 Before
administering any
Eosinophils 0.2
blood or blood
0.2 - 0.04
products, ensure
that a written and
Basophils 0.0
informed consent
0 - 0.02
has been signed.
INTRA-PROCEDURE
Erythrocyte 18
4. Perform hand
Sedimentation
washing
Route ( ESR)
5. Before inserting
<20 MM/H
the needle, clean
the area
6. Apply direct
pressure and
gauze to the
puncture site, then
cover it with an
adhesive bandage
to stop the
 bleeding
7. Monitor the
puncture site for
any signs of
bleeding. Notify
the doctor if the
patient experience
unusual bleeding.
Send the blood to
the laboratory.
POST-PROCEDURE
8. Explain the results
of the tests
9. Teach the patient
how to consume a
variety of meals
from the
fundamental food
groups, how to
maintain a healthy
weight, how to be
physically active,
how to limit salt
and alcohol intake
and how to avoid
smoking.
Urinalysis Urinalysis is a simple Color PRE-PROCEDURE
test that looks at a YELLOW Cloudy 1. Inform the
small sample of your patient that this
urine. It can help find Appearance CLEAR test can aid in
problems that need CLEAR the diagnosis of
treatment, including disease,
infections or kidney Sp Gravity 1.010 infection, and
problems. - 1.005-1.030 inflammation,
as well as the
pH 6.0 evaluation of
5.00-8.00 dehydration.
2. Explain that the
Glucose NEGATIVE test requires a
NEGATIVE urine sample.
INTRA-PROCEDURE
Bilirubin NEGATIVE 3. Assist the
NEGATIVE patient to
collect urine
Ketone NEGATIVE and instruct the
patient to
urinate directly
Occult blood NEGATIVE into the clean,
dry, container,
avoiding the
Protein presence of
feces,
discharges, or
Nitrate NEGATIVE anything else
that could
contaminate
Leukocytes NEGATIVE the urine.
WBC NEGATIVE 4. Tightly cover
the cup to
prevent
RBC contamination.
In addition, you
must label the
Squamous specimen and
Epithelial transport it to
the laboratory.
 POST-PROCEDURE
Bacteria NONE 5. Explain the
results of the
tests.
Crystals NONE 6. As soon as the
results are
available,
Cast NONE report any
abnormal
findings and
Yeast NONE keep a record
of the results
on the nursing
records.

Miscellaneous NONE- PRE-PROCEDURE

VDRL The venereal disease REACTIVE
1. Observe how
research laboratory patients prepare for
the test. Please be
(VDRL) test is
aware that some tests
designed to assess may require extra
whether you preparation for the
patient.
have syphilis,
a sexually transmitted INTRA-
infection (STI). Syphilis PROCEDURE:

is caused by the 1. Provide the patient

Ebacterium Treponema information on how to
pallidum. The the sample will be
collected and the care
bacterium infects by needed to be provided
penetrating into the to the patient before
and after.
lining of the mouth or
genital area.The VDRL 2. Assess the patient’s
test doesn’t look for the risk for bleeding,
infection, and other
bacteria that cause potential side effects
syphilis. Instead, it from collecting
checks for the samples, then make a
plan to prevent them.
antibodies your body
makes in response to 3. Make sure that it is
obtained from the right
antigens produced by
sight, following proper
cells damaged by the collection instructions,
bacteria. Antibodies and sent in the
prescribed time to be
are a type of protein analyzed.
produced by your
POST- PROCEDURE:
immune system to fight
off invaders like Provide care to the
bacteria or toxins. patient after specimen
Testing for these
antibodies can let your
doctors know whether
you have syphilis.