Ruth Angela I.

Garcia 11k BSN

------ PRELIM
1 Name Florence Nightingale
2 Nickname “The Lady with the Lamp”
3 Education In July 1850, Nightingale enrolled at the Institution of Protestant Deaconesses in Kaiserswerth, Germany, for two weeks of basic
nursing skills training and again in July 1851 for three months.
4 Date of Birth May 12, 1820
5 Place of Florence, Italy
Birth
6 Date of August 13, 1910
Death
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - Needs nursing care regardless of social worth
- Passive person or a patient who is completely reliant on the nurse for task completion and environmental control
8 Environment - Therapeutic Environment or a supportive setting that recognizes dementia patients' vulnerability to chaotic environmental
influences
- Enhance comfort and recovery of the patient
- Affects the health of sick and healthy individual
9 Health - Living to one's full potential
- Disease and illness are seen as punishments by nature for not taking care of one's health.
- Promote health and disease prevention with environmental and social responsibilities
10 Nursing - Like a mother's instinct
- A job requiring formal education and scientific ideas
- Become more adept at observing and reporting on patients' health state while giving care
------ MIDTERM
1 Name HILDEGARD E. PEPLAU
2 Education In 1943, Peplau earned a bachelor’s degree in interpersonal psychology in Bennington College. She then achieved MA in
psychiatric nursing from Colombia University, New York in 1947.
3 Date of Birth September 1, 1901
4 Place of Reading, Pennsylvania, United States
Birth
5 Date of March 17, 1999
Death
6 Theory INTERPERSONAL THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs
8 Environment - Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture
9 Health - Movement of personality
- Other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal & community living
1 Nursing - A significant therapeutic interpersonal process
0 - Functions with other human process that make health possible for individuals in communities

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1 Name IDA JEAN ORLANDO
2 Education In 1947, Orlando received a diploma in nursing from the New York Medical College. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in
public health nursing from St. John’s University, Brooklyn in 1951.
3 Date of Birth August 12, 1926
4 Place of New York, United States
Birth
5 Date of November 28, 2007
Death
6 Theory NURSING PROCESS THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - Individuality and the dynamic nature of the nurse-patient relationship
- Humans in need are the focus of nursing practice
8 Environment - Environment is disregarded.
9 Health - HEALTH is replaced by a sense of helplessness
- The initiator of a necessity for nursing
1 Nursing - Unique and independent in its concerns for an individual’s need for help in an immediate situation
0 - Help is provided in an interactive and disciplined manner that requires proper training
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1 Name JOYCE TRAVELBEE
2 Education In 1956, Travelbee completed her Bachelor of Science degree in nursing education at Louisiana State University. She got her
Master of Science Degree in Nursing from Yale University in 1959.
3 Date of Birth December 14, 1926
4 Place of United States
Birth
5 Date of September of 1973
Death
6 Theory HUMAN TO HUMAN RELATIONSHIP MODEL
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - Unique, irreplaceable individual who is in the continuous process of becoming, evolving, and changing
8 Environment - Human conditions and life experiences as sufferings, hope, pain, and illness
9 Health - Objective health - “an absence of discernible disease, disability, or defect as measured by
physical examination, laboratory tests, assessment by a spiritual director, or psychological counselor.”
1 Nursing - Assisting an individual, family, or community in preventing or coping with illness and suffering while finding meaning in these
0 experiences.
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1 Name VIRGINIA A. HENDERSON
2 Education In 1921, Henderson got a diploma in nursing from the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital. She completed a
bachelor’s degree at Teachers College in 1932 and in 1934 she completed master’s degree from Columbia University.
3 Date of Birth November 30, 1897
4 Place of Kansas City, Missouri
Birth
5 Date of March 19, 1996
Death
6 Theory NURSING NEED THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - Requires assistance to achieve health and independence or a peaceful death
- Physiological and Emotional Balance
8 Environment - All external conditions and influences, that affect life and development
- Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which the patient can perform the 14 activities unaided
9 Health - Individual’s ability to function independently
- Quality of life and Health promotion
1 Nursing - Temporarily assisting an individual who lacks the necessary strength, will and knowledge to satisfy 1 or more 14 basic needs
0 - To make patient complete, whole, or independent
------ PREFINAL
1 Name BETTY NEUMAN
2 Education In July 1947, Neuman received RN Diploma from Peoples Hospital School of Nursing in
Akron, Ohio. She then attended University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) with double major in psychology and public health
in 1957.
3 Date of Birth September 11, 1924
4 Place of Lowell, Ohio
Birth
5 Date of -----------------------
Death
6 Theory NEUMAN SYSTEM MODEL
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - As individual, family, community, or society
- An OPEN SYSTEM to interact with the environment
8 Environment - Internal or External that create FORCE which interacts with a person’s State of Health
- FORCES are called STRESSORS
9 Health - WELLNESS- All parts or system works harmoniously
- ILLNESS- Disharmonious as a result in unmet needs
1 Nursing - Requires HOLISTIC approach in all factors affecting client’s health
0 - Nurse must be able to adjust to meet the unique individual needs
 ------ -----------------------
1 Name IMOGENE M. KING
2 Education In 1945, King earned a Nursing Diploma, and she then earned her BS Nursing & Education with minors in philosophy & chemist
from at St. John’s Hospital of Nursing at St. Louis, Missouri in 1948.
3 Date of Birth January 30, 1923
4 Place of West Point, Iowa
Birth
5 Date of December 24, 2007
Death
6 Theory THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - A spiritual being & rational thinker who makes choices, select alternative courses of action, unique and holistic and has
different needs, wants and goals
8 Environment - A social system's internal and external interactions that maintain balance
- Background for human interaction
- Interactions can have biological, psychological, social, or spiritual effects
9 Health - Ability of a person to adjust to stressors
- MAXIMAL USE OF POTENTIALS that a person can perform to achieve balance
1 Nursing - Nurse interacts and communicate with the client
0 - Nurse help client to explore and identify existing health conditions
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1 Name DOROTHEA OREM
2 Education In 1939, Orem completed her Bachelor of Science in Nursing and her Master of Science in Nursing in 1945, both from the Catholic
University of America in Washington, D.C.
3 Date of Birth July 15, 1914
4 Place of Baltimore, Maryland
Birth
5 Date of June 22, 2007
Death
6 Theory SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - An individual with physical and emotional requirements for development of self, and maintenance of their well-being.
8 Environment - has physical, chemical, biological features
- Client’s surroundings which may affect their ability to perform Self Care needs
9 Health - Structural and functional soundness and wholeness of the individual
1 Nursing - Summary of acts of a specially trained and able individual to help a person/s deal with their actual or potential selfcare deficit
0
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1 Name FAYE GLENN ABDELLA
2 Education She earned three degrees from Columbia University: a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing in 1945, a master of arts degree in
physiology in 1947, and a doctor of education degree in 1955.
3 Date of Birth March 13, 1919
4 Place of New York, United States
Birth
5 Date of -----------------------
Death
6 Theory 21 NURSING PROBLEMS THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - Recipients of nursing as individuals and families
- 21 nursing problems relate with biological, psychological, and social aspects of individual
8 Environment - Is the home or community from which patient comes.
9 Health - Defined as the center and purpose of nursing service
- State mutually exclusive of illness
1 Nursing - All-inclusive services that is based on the disciplines of art and sciences that serves individual
0 - Grouped into 21 problem areas for the nurse to work out their judgment & appropriate care
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1 Name Myra Estrine Levine
2 Education  Earned Diploma at cook country school of Nursing, 1994 (Chicago IL)
 Earned SB from University of Chicago, 1949
 Earned MSN from Wayne State University, 1962
 Post-Graduate coursework at University of Chicago
3 Date of Birth 1921
4 Place of Born in 1921 in Chicago, IL
Birth
5 Date of March 20 1996
Death
6 Theory The Conservation Model
Levine (1989 proposed the following four principles of conservation:
1. The Conservation of Energy
2. The Conservation of the structural integrity of the individual
3. The Conservation of the personal integrity of the individual.
4. The Conservation of the social Integrity of the Individual.
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person  A holistic being who constantly strives to preserve wholeness and integrity
 The unique individual in unity and integrity, feeling, believing, thinking and whole.
8 Environment  Completes the wholeness of person
 Includes internal and external
 - Internal
1. Homeostasis
2. Homeorrhesis
- External
1. Preconceptual
2. Conceptual
3. Operational
9 Health  Pattern of adaptive change of the whole being
1 Nursing  A profession as well as an academic discipline
0  Nursing involves engaging in “human interactions”

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1 Name Martha Rogers
2 Education Diploma: Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing (1936)
Graduation In Public Health Nursing: George Peabody College, 1937
Ma: Teachers college, Columbia university, New York, 1945
MPH: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1952
Doctorate in nursing: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1954
3 Date of Birth May 12, 1914
4 Place of Dallas, Texas, USA
Birth
5 Date of March 13, 1994
Death
6 Theory  The belief of the coexistence of the human and the environment has greatly influenced the process of change toward
better health.
 A patient can’t be separated from his or her environment when addressing health and treatment.
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person (Human-  An irreducible, indivisible, pan-dimensional energy field identified by pattern, and manifesting characteristics specific
unitary human to the whole, and that can’t be predicted from knowledge of the parts.
beings)
8 Environment  An irreducible, indivisible, pandimensional energy field identified by pattern and integral with the human field.
- Energy Field:
 Fundamental Unit of both the living and non-living.
 Continuously vary in intensity, density and extent.

9 Health  Expression of the life process.

- Multiple events occurring during the life process show the extent to which a person is achieving his or her maximum
health potential.
1 Nursing  Claims that nursing exists to serve people, and the safe practice of nursing depend on the nature and amount of scientific
0 nursing knowledge the nurse brings to his or her practice
- Scope of Nursing
1. Nursing aims to assist people in achieving their maximum health potential. Maintenance and promotion of health,
prevention of disease, nursing diagnosis, intervention and rehabilitation encompass the scope of nursing’s goals.
2. Nursing is concerned with people-all people-well and dick, rich and poor young and old. The Arenas of nursing’s
services.
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1 Name Dorothy Johnson
2 Education  BSN from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1942
 MPH from Harvard University In Boston in 1948
3 Date of Birth August 21, 1919
4 Place of Savannah, Georgia
Birth
5 Date of November 11, 1984
Death
6 Theory
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person Views a person as having 2 major systems:
 Biological-role of medicine
 Behavioral-role of nursing
8 Environment  Individual’s behavior is influenced by the events in the environment
 Varied from Culture to culture but outcomes are the same
9 Health Elusive state that is affected by the following factors:
 Social
 Psychological
 Biological
 Physiology
Individual is striving to retain balance.
1 Nursing “ An external regulatory force which acts to preserve the organization of the patients behaviors at an optimum level
0 - Behaviors constitutes a threat to the physical or social health
Primary Goal: Cultivate equilibrium within the individual
 Focused on correction of behaviors
 Focused on impaired indiviuals
 ------ FINAL
1 Name PATRICIA SAWYER BENNER
2 Education In 1970, Benner earned her master’s degree in Nursing in UCSF. She then received her PHD at the University of California in 1982.
3 Date of Birth August 1942
4 Place of Hampton, Virginia
Birth
5 Date of ---------------------------
Death
6 Theory STAGES OF COMPETENCIES “From NOVCIE to EXPERT”
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - A self-interpreting being
- Does not come into the world predefined but gets defined while living a life.
8 Environment - Personal Interpretation of the situation is bounded by the way the individual is in it.
9 Health - Live Experiences of being healthy and ill
- Well-being is the human experience of health or wholeness
10 Nursing - An enabling condition of connection and concern as the care and study of live experiences of health, illness and disease, and the
relationship of these.
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1 Name SISTER CALLISTA ROY
2 Education In 1963, Roy earned an undergraduate degree in nursing from Mount St. Mary’s College. She then received a master’s degree in
nursing from University of California, Loas Angeles (UCLA) in 1966. She earned masters and doctoral degrees in sociology from
UCLA.
3 Date of Birth October 14, 1939
4 Place of Los Angeles, California
Birth
5 Date of ----------------------------
Death
6 Theory ADAPTATION THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person -Open adaptive system
-A biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment
8 Environment -Conditions, circumstances, and influences that surround and affect the development & behavior of the person
-The “STIMULI”
9 Health -Process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person
-The “OUTCOME”
10 Nursing -Expands adaptive abilities and enhance person and environment transformation
-Science and practice
-Promoting Adaptation and Health
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1 Name MARGARET JEAN WATSON
2 Education In 1961, Watson got her diploma from Lewis Gale School of Nursing in Roanoke, Virginia. Then in 1964, she earned a Bachelor of
Science in Nursing at the University of Colorado. She then received a master’s degree in psychiatric mental health nursing with a
minor in psychology from the University of Colorado Medical Center in Denver.
3 Date of Birth June 10, 1940
4 Place of West Virginia
Birth
5 Date of ---------------------
Death
6 Theory THEORY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - Viewed human as greater than, and different from, the sum of his parts
8 Environment - Provides the values that determine how one should behave & what goals one should strive toward
- Caring has existed in every society
9 Health - Unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul
10 Nursing - Human science of people and human health-illness EXPERIENCES that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific,
aesthetic, and ethical human care transactions.
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1 Name MADELEINE LEININGER
2 Education In 1950, Leininger earned Bachelor of Science in Biology in Scholastic College. Shen then received Master of Science in Nursing at
Catholic University America in 1953. Then in 1965, she earned Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in University of Washington.
3 Date of Birth July 13, 1925
4 Place of Sutton, Nebraska
Birth
5 Date of October 8, 2012
Death
6 Theory TRANSCULTURAL THEORY
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
7 Person - People are believed to be caring & capable of being concerned about the desires, welfare, and continued existence of others
8 Environment - Totality of an event, situation, or experience
 - Society and Culture
9 Health - Both universal and diverse with each culture
10 Nursing - Not agreeable to her as it “it is not logical to use nursing to explain nursing