By: Erin Pallardy

Name: Virginia Avenel Henderson

“First Lady of Nursing” & “First International Nurse”
Born: November 30, 1897, in Kansas City, Missouri
Died: March 16, 1996 at age 98 at the Connecticut
Hospice, Branford. CT
1921-U.S. Army School of Nursing,
during WWI

1932- Bachelors of Science at

Teacher’s College, Columbia
University

1934- Masters of Art Degree from

Teachers College, Columbia
University
 • Henry Street Settlement in 1921
• Visiting Nurses Association in Washington, D.C
1923-1924
• Memorial Hospital in New York as a clinical
instructor in 1930
• Instructor at Teacher’s College 1934-1948
• Researcher and Instructor at Yale University
1953-1996
1. Nursing Studies Index (4
Volumes)
2. Principles and Practice of
Nursing
3. The Nature of Nursing

4. Nursing Research: A Survey

and Assessment
5. Basic Principle of Nursing
Care
!
 “ The unique function of the
nurse is to assist the individual,
sick or well, in the performance
of those activities contributing
to health or it’s recovery (or to a
peaceful death) that he would
perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will, or
knowledge, and to do this in
such a way as to help him gain
independence as rapidly as
possible” (Henderson, 1991).
 The needs theory is based on
the idea that the nurse cares for
the patient until they are able to
take care of themselves again.
We educate and provide care as
needed until the patient
becomes stronger enough to
independently care for
themselves again.
 14 COMPONENTS TO THE NEEDS
THEORY

1. Normal breathing
2. Eating and drinking adequately
3. Elimination of body waste
4. Move and maintain desirable postures
5. Sleep and rest
6. Select suitable clothes- dress and undress
7. Maintain body temperature
 BASIC NEEDS CONTINUED…..

8. Avoid dangers in the environment and

avoiding injuring others
9. Grooming /Protecting the integument
10. Communication with others
11. Worship according to one’s faith
12. Work in a there is a sense of
accomplishment
13. Play and recreation
14. Learn and Discover
 Nursing

Needs Health

Environment Person
PERSON
 ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
Is not specifically defined by Henderson.
Involves the relationship one shares with family.
Also involves the community and its responsibility for
providing health care.
She believes that the society wants and expects nurses to
p r ov i d e a s e r v i c e f o r i n d iv i d u a l s i n c a p a b l e o f
functioning independently, but in return she expects
society to contribute to nursing education.
 ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT (Contd…)
Can be controlled by healthy individuals;
illness may interfere with this ability.
Can affect health. Personal factors (age,
culture, and intellect) and physical factors
(air, temperature) play a role in a person's
well being.
 HEALTH

HEALTH
Refers to an individual’s ability to function
independently in relationship to the 14 basic
needs.
Is a quality of life that is basic to human
functioning.
Requires strength, will or knowledge.
 NURSING

The unique function of the nurse is to assist an

individual sick or well, in the performance of
those activities contributing to health or its
recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would
perform unaided if he had the necessary strength,
will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way
as to help him gain independence as rapidly as
possible.
 1.Grand
2.Middle Range
3.Situation-Specific
Grand
Theory
CHINN & KRAMERS CRITIQUE MODEL

Relationships

Concepts

Purpose
CHINN & KRAMER CRITIQUE MODEL

Clarity
Simplicity

Accessibility
Alligood, M.R. & Marriner-Tomey, A. (2010). Nursing Theorist and Their Work Seventh
Edition. Philadelphia:Mosby Elsevier.
Henderson, V. (2011). Nursing Theories:The Base for Professional Nursing Practice
(6 ed.). Upper Saddle River:Prentice Hall
Henderson, V. (1991). The Nature of Nursing: A Definition and It’s Implications for
Practice, Research and Education, Reflections after 25 years. New
York:National League for Nursing Press.
Henderson, V. (1964). The nature of nursing. American Journal of Nursing, 64(8),62-68.
Henderson, V. (1966). The nature of nursing. New York:Macmillian.Henderson, V.
(1969). Henderson, V. (1969). Excellence in nursing. American Journal of
Nursing, 69(9), 2133-2137.
Henderson, V. (1978). The concept of nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing.3. 113-130.
Henderson, V. (1980). Preserving the essence of nursing in a technological age. Journal
of Advanced Nursing, 5, 245-260.
Henderson,V.(1995). A Virginia Henderson Reader Excellence in Nursing. New York:
Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Marriner-Tomey, A. (1989). Nursing Theorists and Their Work (2 ed.). St.
Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company.
Meleis, A.I. (2012). Theoretical Nursing Development and Progress (5 ed).
Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Nicely, B. & DeLario, G. (2011). Virginia Henderson’s Principles and
Practice of Nursing applied to Organ Donation after Brain Death.
Progress in Transplantation, 21(1), 72-77.
Walker, L.O. & Avant, K.C. (2005). Strategies for Theory Construction in
Nursing. Upper Saddle Ridge: Pearson Education, Inc.