Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Gov. Pablo Borbon Campus 2
Alangilan, Batangas City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

Chemical and Food Engineering Department

ChE 555: BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ENGR. MELVIN P. JUSI

Instructor
 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING: SYLLABUS

Pre-co-requisite:
 ChE 452 – Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I
 ChE 459 – Chemical Engineering Reaction and Kinetics

Grading System:

Final
Item Distribution
Grade
Exam 3 Major Exam 54%
80%
Final Exam 26%
Quizzes 5%
Class Exercises, Problem Set 6%
Standing 20%
Assignments 7%
Attendance 2%
2
100%
M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.
 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING: SYLLABUS

Policy on Cheating:

Particulars Penalty
Cheating, or other forms of
1st Offense: zero score for the exam
dishonesty described in Section 6.3
2nd Offense, or when done in removal
of BSU Norms of Conduct for
exam: grade of 5.0 for the subject
College Students
Answers doubtfully similar with a
Score for the exam/report=raw score/2
classmate
All other forms of academic
Failing grade for the class standing
dishonesty

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING: SYLLABUS

Topics:

o Biochemical Engineering
o Enzyme and Enzyme Kinetics
o Stoichiometry of Microbial Growth and Product Formation
o Kinetics of Substrate Utilization, Product Formation and Biomass Production in
Cell Cultures
o Transport Phenomena in Bioprocess Systems
o Design and Analysis of Bioreactors
o Bioreactor Instrumentation and Control
o Fermentation Technology
o Mixed Microbial Population and Their Application

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING: SYLLABUS

Textbook
o Baileys, J.E. and Ollis, D.F. 1986. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals (2nd). McGraw-Hill
Inc. Singapore.

References
o Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 5th Edition. W.H. Freeman
and Company.
o Fogler, H. Scott., Elements of Reaction Engineering New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1962.
o Levenspiel, Octave, Chemical Reaction Engineering New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
1962.
o Najafpour, Ghasem D. 2007. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology. 1st edition.
Elsevier B.V., AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford,
UK.
o Nielsen, Jens, John Villadsen, Gunnar Liden, 2003. Bioreaction Engineering Principles. Kluwer
Academic, Plenum Publishers, New York.
o Okafor, Nduka, 2007. Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Edenbridge Ltd.,
India, Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA.
o Schmidt, Lanny D., The Engineering of Chemical Reactions Oxford University Press, New York,
Oxford, 1998.
o Walas, Stanley M., Reaction Kinetics for Chemical Engineers McGraw Hill Book Company,
5
Inc., 1959.
M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

BIOTECHNOLOGY:

Biotechnology is the practical application of biological agents in technically useful

operations.

 Biological Agents
Living or dead cells or sub-cellular components: microorganisms (bacteria,
yeasts, etc.), plant/animal cells, enzymes, DNAs, RNAs.

 Technically Useful Operations

a. Manufacture of Product: pharmaceutical products, foods, beverages,
industrial chemicals, single-cell proteins, enzymes, nutraceutical,
pigments/colors

b. Service Operations: wastewater treatment, solid waste conversions,

bioremediations, sanitation 6

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

COMMON BIOTECH PRODUCTS:

BIOTECH PRODUCT MICROORGANISM USED APPROXIMATE GLOBAL

DEMAND (tons/year)
Organic Acids
Citric Acid Aspergillus niger 2.0-3.0 x 106
Lactic Acid Lactobacillus delbrueckii 2.0 x 105
Organic Solvents
Ethanol Xanthomonas campestris 5.0 x 103
Acetone/Butanol Leoconostoc mesenteroides Small
Amino Acids
L-glutamate Corynebacterium glutamicum 3.0 x 106
L-lysine Brevibacterium flavum 3.0 x 105 3D Penicillin
L-phenylalanine Rhodotula glutinis 2.0 x 103
7

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

COMMON BIOTECH PRODUCTS:

BIOTECH PRODUCT MICROORGANISM USED APPROXIMATE GLOBAL

DEMAND (tons/year)
Enzymes
Proteases Bacillus sp. 6.0 x 102
Amylases Bacillus amyloliquifaciens 4.0 x 103
Glucoamylases Aspergillus niger 4.0 x 103
Antibiotics
Penicillin Penicillum chrysogenum 3.0-4.0 x 105
Cepaholosporins Cephalosporium acremonium 1.0 x 105
Tetracyclines Streptomyces aureofaciens 1.0 x 105

Vitamins
Vitamin B12 Proionicum shermanii 10
8

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: FIRST WAVE

During this stage of development, ancient production of foods and beverages is more of
a “craft” and the role of microorganisms is not known.

 6000 BC
Sumerians and Babylonians were already drinking beer and wines

 4000 BC
Egyptians were already baking leavened bread; wine was gaining popularity and
known in the Near East by the time of the Book of Genesis.

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: FIRST WAVE

ANTOINE PHILIPPS VAN LEEUNWENHOEK (1632-1723)

The Father of Microbiology

o Best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope

o First to observe and describe single-celled organisms (“animalcules”)

LOUISE PASTEUR (1882-1895)

The Father of Biotechnology

o Gave definitive proof od the fermentative abilities of microorganisms

o Supported the correctness of the “germ theory”
10

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: SECOND WAVE

 Many industrial compounds were produced by

the end of the 19th century by microbial
fermentation procedures that were open to the
environment.

 The control of contaminating microorganisms

were achieved by careful manipulation of the
ecological environment and not by complicated
engineering practices.

 Biotechnological processes initially developed

under non-sterile conditions.

11

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: THIRD WAVE

 Exclusion of unwanted microorganism: the
concept of sterility to biotechnological
processes is introduced.

 Higher yields of the desired product:

complicated engineering techniques in mass
cultivation of microorganisms are applied.

 Increased volumes of biotechnological

activities: production of antibiotics, amino
acids, organic acids, enzymes, steroids
www.novasep.com
 Development of bioreactors: birth of
biochemical engineering as a formal discipline
12

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

EVOLUTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: FOURTH WAVE

 Improvement in the efficiency and economics of
established biotechnological industries

 Explosive developments in molecular biology and

process control

 Created new and exciting R&D endeavors in the field of

biotechnology such as:
o Production of human insulin from E. coli
o Production of monoclonal antibodies
o Stem cell research for artificial organs
o Artificial intelligence
www.monsanto.com

13

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THE PENICILLIN EXPERIENCE

 Many soldiers were dying from wound infections
during WWII.

 Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) accidentally

discovered the antibacterial properties of the
fungus Penicillium in September 1928

 The substance released by Penicillium was initially

called “mould juice”.

Penicillium chrysogenum, SEM

14
Alexander Fleming
M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.
 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THE PENICILLIN EXPERIENCE

 Scientists at Oxford University rediscovers
Alexander Fleming’s earlier publication on the
germicidal properties of “mold juice” which was
largely unnoticed

 Germicidal component named “Penicillin”, after

the genus of the mold

 Oxford University Scientists proved that penicillin

could effectively treat wound infections

PENICILLIN—Heralded as a WONDER DRUG that time.

15

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THE PENICILLIN EXPERIENCE

 Initial attempts for mass production was space
consuming with very low product yields ~
0.001g/L

 After several attempts, penicillin production

increased 50-folds

 Pfizer was the first pharmaceutical company to

take the challenge of mass producing penicillin Stirred Tank Reactor

“The chemical engineering techniques learned for high

penicillin production by fermentation in a stirred tank reactors
became the foundation for the biochemical engineering field.”
16

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.

 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THE PENICILLIN EXPERIENCE

 The penicillin process also established a paradigm
for bioprocess development and biochemical
engineering. The paradigm still guides much of the
profession’s thinking.

 The mind set of bioprocess engineers was cast

with the penicillium experience

 After 3 years of difficulty (low yield and stability of

product), a new approach using deep tank
fermentation (“submerged fermentation”) was
attempted. Stirred Tank Reactor, BIOTECH-UPLB

17

M.P. Jusi, Ch.E.