1.

Planning: When you think of planning in a management role, think about it as the
process of choosing appropriate goals and actions to pursue and then determining what
strategies to use, what actions to take, and deciding what resources are needed to
achieve the goals.

There are several approaches to planning:

Strategic planning: This type of planning is often carried out by an organization’s top
management and usually creates goals for the entire organization. It analyzes threats to
the organization, evaluates the organization’s strengths and weaknesses and creates a
plan of how the organization can best compete in its environment. Strategic planning
usually has a long timeframe of three years or more.

Tactical planning: Tactical planning is the shorter-term planning of an objective that will
take a year or less to achieve. It is usually carried out by an organization’s middle
management. Tactical planning is usually aimed at a specific area or department of the
organization such as its facilities, production, finance, marketing or personnel.

Operational planning: Operational planning is the process of using tactical planning to

achieve strategic planning and goals. Operational planning creates a timeframe for
putting a portion of the strategic goal into practice operationally.

2. Organizing: This process of establishing worker relationships allows workers to work

together to achieve their organizational goals.

3. Leading: This function involves articulating a vision, energizing employees, inspiring and
motivating people using vision, influence, persuasion, and effective communication
skills.

Directing: The manager leads by deciding with little input from the employee. This is an
effective leadership style for new employees who need a lot of initial direction and
training.

Coaching: The manager is more receptive to input from employees. They may pitch
their ideas to employees to work cooperatively and build trust with team members. This
style of leadership is effective for individuals who need managerial support to further
develop their skills.

Supporting: The manager decides with team members but focuses more on building
relationships within the team. This style of leadership is effective for employees who
have fully developed skills but are sometimes inconsistent in their performance.
 Delegating: The leader provides a minimum of guidance to employees and is more
concerned with the vision of the project than day-to-day operations. This style of
leadership is effective with employees able to work and perform tasks on their own with
little guidance. The leader can focus more on high-level goals than on tasks.

4. Staffing: Recruiting and selecting employees for positions within the company (within
teams and departments).

5. Controlling: Evaluate how well you are achieving your goals, improving performance,
taking actions. Put processes in place to help you establish standards, so you can
measure, compare, and make decisions.