KARACHI UNVERSITY

BUSINESS SCHOOL

ASSINGMENT:

THREE BEST LEADERS

SUBMITTED TO:

MAAM MARIYUM SHAKEEL

SUBMITTED BY:

MUHAMMAD YASEEN SHAIKH (2)

 LEADER
What is Leadership

Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the
behavior and work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation.
Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the subordinates to work with confidence and
zeal.

Leadership is the potential to influence behaviour of others. It is also defined as the

capacity to influence a group towards the realization of a goal. Leaders are required to develop
future visions, and to motivate the organizational members to want to achieve the visions.

According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined
objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it
towards goals.”

Characteristics of Leadership

It is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers

towards attainment of goals.

It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person which includes intelligence, maturity

and personality.

It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with each other.

A leader is involved in shaping and moulding the behaviour of the group towards
accomplishment of organizational goals.

Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of leadership. It all depends upon
tackling with the situations.

Importance of Leadership

Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency

and to achieve organizational goals. The following points justify the importance of leadership in
a concern.

Initiates action Leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the policies
and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts.

Motivation A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in the concern’s working. He

motivates the employees with economic and non-economic rewards and thereby gets the work
from the subordinates.
Providing guidance

A leader has to not only supervise but also play a guiding role for the subordinates.
Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to perform their work
effectively and efficiently.

Creating confidence

Confidence is an important factor which can be achieved through expressing the work
efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to
achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the employees with regards to their
complaints and problems.

Building morale

Morale denotes willing co-operation of the employees towards their work and getting
them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader can be a morale booster by achieving full
co-operation so that they perform with best of their abilities as they work to achieve goals.

Builds work environment- Management is getting things done from people. An efficient
work environment helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations should be kept
into mind by a leader. He should have personal contacts with employees and should listen to
their problems and solve them. He should treat employees on humanitarian terms.

Co-ordination

Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling personal interests with organizational

goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and effective co-ordination which
should be primary motive of a leader.
 SAYYID ALI HOSSEINI
KHAMENEI
Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei is a Twelver Shia
Marja' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran,
in office since 1989. He was previously President of Iran from
1981 to 1989.

Born: April 19, 1939 (age 81 years), Mashhad, Iran

Office: Supreme Leader of Iran since 1989

Children: Mojtaba Khamenei, Mostafa Khamenei, Boshra

Khamenei, Hoda Khamenei

Education: The Centre for the Management of the Islamic

Seminaries of Qom

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

University in Moscow Russia

Early life in Education

His education began at the age of four, by learning Quran at Maktab; he spent his basic
and advanced levels of seminary studies at the hawza of Mashhad, under mentors such as
Sheikh Hashem Qazvini and Ayatollah Milani.

Supreme Leader: Ruhollah Khomeini

Relatives: Hadi Khamenei (brother)

Religion: Islam

Political party: Independent (since 1989)

Revolutionary Role And Presidency

Khamenei began his advanced religious studies at Qom under the most prominent Shīʿite
scholars of the day, including Ruhollah Khomeini. From 1963 he was actively involved in
protests against the monarchy, for which he was imprisoned several times by Iran’s security
services. Khamenei remained closely associated with the exiled Khomeini during this time and
immediately after the latter’s return to Iran in 1979 was appointed to the Revolutionary Council.
After its dissolution he became deputy minister of defense and Khomeini’s personal
representative on the Supreme Defense Council. For a brief period he commanded the Islamic
Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). A foreign policy hawk, he was a key negotiator in the Iran
hostage crisis.
 Khamenei was immersed in the new republic’s politics from the start. A fiery orator in
support of Khomeini and an ardent advocate of the concept of velāyat-e faqīh (governance by
the religious jurist), Khamenei was among the founding members of the loyalist Islamic
Republican Party (IRP). He was injured in 1981 in one of a series of terrorist bombings that
devastated the IRP’s upper echelon. Following the death of Pres. Mohammad Ali Rajai and the
IRP’s secretary-general in another such blast later that year, Khamenei was appointed as the
IRP’s secretary-general. Within weeks he became the IRP’s candidate for the presidency, an
office that had previously been off-limits for clergy.

Khamenei was elected president in October 1981 and reelected in 1985. The presidency
was a largely ceremonial role during his two terms, most executive authority being vested in the
prime minister. After his own nominee for prime minister was rejected by the left-leaning
Majles (parliament), he reluctantly appointed Mir Hossein Mousavi as prime minister with the
urging of Khomeini himself. The relationship between Khamenei and Mousavi was bitter,
leading them to butt heads both during and after Khamenei’s presidency.
 BARACK HUSSEIN OBAMA
Barack Hussein Obama is an American politician
and attorney who served as the 44th president of the United
States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic
Party, Barack Obama was the first African-American
president of the United States.

Born: August 4, 1961 (age 58 years), Kapiʻolani Medical

Center for Women & Children, Honolulu, Hawaii, United
States

Party: Democratic Party

Education:
Harvard Law School: Law school in Cambridge,
Massachusetts (1988-1991)

Columbia College: College in New York City, New

York (1981-1983)

Occidental College: Los Angeles, CA ‧ Private, non-profit ‧ 4-year (1979-1981)

Punahou School: Co-education in Honolulu, Hawaii (1971-1979)

In office:
January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017

Vice President: Joe Biden

Preceded by: George W. Bush

Succeeded by: Donald Trump

Awards:
Nobel Peace Prize (2009)

Profile in Courage Award (2017)

FAMILY MEMBERS:

Wife: Michelle Obama

Daughter: Barack Obama
Daughter: Ann Dunham
 Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, making him the first president not born in the
contiguous United States. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a
community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the
first black person to be president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduating, he became a civil
rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law
School from 1992 to 2004. Turning to elective politics, he represented the 13th district from
1997 until 2004 in the Illinois Senate, when he ran for the U.S. Senate. Obama received national
attention in 2004 with his March Senate primary win, his well-received July Democratic
National Convention keynote address, and his landslide November election to the Senate. In
2008, he was nominated for president a year after his presidential campaign began, and after
close primary campaigns against Hillary Clinton, Obama was elected over Republican John
McCain and was inaugurated alongside Joe Biden on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, he
was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

Obama signed many landmark bills into law during his first two years in office. The main
reforms that were passed include the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly
referred to as the "Affordable Care Act" or "Obamacare"), the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform
and Consumer Protection Act, and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. The American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance
Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 served as economic stimulus amidst the Great
Recession. After a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, he signed the Budget Control and
the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, he increased U.S. troop levels in
Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the United States–Russia New START treaty, and
ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya,
contributing to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi. He also ordered the military operations
that resulted in the deaths of Osama bin Laden and suspected Yemeni Al-Qaeda operative
Anwar al-Awlaki.

After winning re-election by defeating Republican opponent Mitt Romney, Obama was
sworn in for a second term in 2013. During this term, he promoted inclusion for LGBT
Americans. He advocated for gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School
shooting, indicating support for a ban on assault weapons, and issued wide-ranging executive
actions concerning global warming and immigration. In foreign policy, he ordered military
intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq,
continued the process of ending U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan in 2016, promoted
discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, initiated sanctions
against Russia following the invasion in Ukraine and again after Russian interference in the
2016 United States elections, brokered a nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized U.S. relations
with Cuba. Obama nominated three justices to the Supreme Court: Sonia Sotomayor and Elena
Kagan were confirmed as justices, while Merrick Garland faced partisan obstruction and was not
confirmed. During his term in office, America's reputation abroad significantly improved.

Obama's presidency has generally been regarded favorably, and evaluations of his
presidency among historians, political scientists, and the general public place him among the
upper tier of American presidents. Obama left office in January 2017 and continues to reside in
Washington
 SHEIKH HASINA
Sheikh Hasina, also known by her married name Sheikh
Hasina Wazed, is a Bangladeshi politician serving as the
10th Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having held the
office since January 2009. Having previously served as
Prime Minister for five years, she is the longest-serving
Prime Minister in the history of Bangladesh.

Personal Details:

Born: 28 September 1947 (age 72 years) at

Tungipara, Gopalganj District, East Bengal.

Political party:

Awami League (1980–present)

Childrens:

Sajeeb Wazed and Saima Wazed

PERENTS:

Mujibur Rahman (Father), Fazilatunnesa Mujib (Mother)

Hasina is the daughter of Bangladesh's first President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the
eldest of his five children. Her political career has spanned more than four decades. She
previously served as Opposition Leader from 1986 to 1990, and 1991 to 1995, then as Prime
Minister from 1996 to 2001. She has been leading the Bangladesh Awami League (AL) since
1981. In 2008, she returned as Prime Minister with a landslide victory. In January 2014, she
became Prime Minister for a third term in an unopposed election, as it was boycotted by the
Opposition, and criticised by international observers. She won a fourth term in December 2018,
following an election marred with violence and criticised by the Opposition as being rigged.

Hasina is considered one of the most powerful women in the world, ranking 26th on
Forbes' list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2018, and 30th in 2017. She has also
made a list of "top 100 Global Thinkers" of the present decade. Hasina is a member of the
Council of Women World Leaders, an international network of current and former female
presidents and prime ministers.

Early political career:

1981–1991: Movement against military rule:

While living in self-exile in India, Hasina was elected President of the Bangladesh Awami
League (AL) in 1981. The AL has been described as a "left-of-center" party.
 Under martial law, Hasina was in and out of detention throughout the 1980s. In 1984,
she was put under house arrest in February and again in November. In March 1985, she was put
under house arrest for another three months. Her party, along with the Bangladesh Nationalist
Party (BNP) under Khaleda Zia, continued to work to restore democratically elected
government, which they achieved by the democratic election in 1991, won by the BNP.

Hasina and AL participated in the 1986 Bangladeshi general election held under
President Hussain Muhammad Ershad. She served as the leader of the Parliamentary
Opposition in 1986–1987. She led an eight-party alliance as opposition against Ershad. Hasina's
decision to take part in the election had been criticised by her opponents, since the election was
held under martial law, and the other main opposition group boycotted the poll. However, her
supporters maintained that she used the platform effectively to challenge Ershad's rule. Ershad
dissolved the parliament in December 1987 when Hasina and her Awami League resigned in an
attempt to call for a fresh general election to be held under a neutral government. During
November and December in 1987, a mass uprising happened in Dhaka and several people were
killed including Noor Hossain, a Hasina supporter.

1991–1996: Transition to democracy and Leader of the opposition:

After several years of autocratic rule, widespread protests and strikes had paralysed the
economy. Government officers refused to follow orders and resigned. Members of the
Bangladesh Rifles laid down their weapons instead of firing on protestors and curfew was openly
violated. Hasina worked with Khaleda Zia in organizing opposition to Ershad. A huge mass
protest in December 1990 ousted Ershad from power when he resigned in favour of his Vice
President, Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, the Chief Justice of the Bangladesh Supreme Court. The
caretaker government, headed by Ahmed, administered a general election for the parliament.
The Bangladesh Nationalist Party led by Khaleda Zia won a general majority, and Hasina's
Awami League emerged as the largest opposition party. Among three constituencies Hasina
fought, she lost in two and won in one. Accepting election defeat, She offered her resignation as
the party president but stayed on at the request of party leaders.

Politics in Bangladesh took a decisive turn in 1994, after a by-election in Magura, held
after the death of the MP for that constituency, a member of Hasina's party. The Awami League
had expected to win back the seat, but the BNP candidate won through rigging and
manipulation, according to the neutral observer who came to witness the election. Hasina led
the Bangladesh Awami League in boycotting the parliament from 1994.

1996–2001: First premiership:

The Awami League (AL) , with other opposition parties, demanded that the next general
elections be held under a neutral caretaker government, and that provision for caretaker
governments to manage elections be incorporated in the constitution. The ruling
Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) refused to act on these demands.
 Opposition parties launched an
unprecedented campaign, calling strikes for
weeks on end. The Government accused
them of destroying the economy while the
opposition countered that BNP could solve
this problem by acceding to their demands.
In late 1995, the MPs of AL and other parties
resigned from parliament. Parliament
completed its term and the 15 February 1996 1996-01:First premiership Hasina with US President Bill
Clinton at the Prime Minister's Office in Dhaka,2000.
Bangladeshi general election was held. The
election was boycotted by all major parties except the ruling BNP, who won all the seats
in the parliament as a result. Hasina described the election as a farce.

The new Parliament, composed mostly of BNP members, amended the

constitution to create provisions for a caretaker government (CTG). The 30 June 1996
Bangladeshi general elections were held under a neutral caretaker government headed
by retired Chief Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman. AL won the largest number of
seats, 146, but fell short of the majority. Khaleda Zia, leader of the BNP who won 104
seats, denounced the results and alleged vote rigging. This was in contrast to what the
neutral observers said, that the election was free and fair.

Hasina served her first term as Prime Minister (PM) of Bangladesh from 1996 to
2001. She became the first Bangladeshi PM since its independence to complete the
entire term. She signed the 30-year water sharing treaty of the Ganges with India. Her
administration repealed the Indemnity Act, which protected the killers of Sheikh Muijib,
her father and first President of Bangladesh. Her government opened the telecom
industry, which till then was limited to government owned companies, to the private
sector. In 1999 the government started the New Industrial Policy (NIP) which aimed to
strengthen the private industry and encourage growth.

Bangladesh joined two multilateral bodies, Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-
Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) and D-8 Organization for
Economic Cooperation (D-8). The NIP allowed foreign companies to open 100 percent
owned subsidiaries.

In the 2001 Bangladeshi general election, although winning 40% of the popular
vote (slightly less than BNP's 41%), AL won just 62 seats in the Parliament, while the
'Four Party Alliance' led by BNP won 234 seats, giving them a two-thirds majority in
Parliament. Hasina herself ran in three constituencies,[citation needed] and was
defeated in a constituency in Rangpur, which included her husband's home town, but
won in two other seats. Hasina and AL rejected the results, claiming that the election
was rigged with the help of the President and the caretaker government. The
international community was largely satisfied with the elections, and the 'Four Party
Alliance' went on to form the government.

2001–2008: Opposition period:

The Awami League MPs were irregular in attending the Parliament during the
following period. In late 2003, the Awami League started its first major anti-
government movement, culminating in the declaration by party general secretary Abdul
Jolil that the government would fall before 30 April 2004. This failed to happen and was
seen as a blow to the party and Hasina, who had implicitly supported Jalil.

2004: Assassination attempt

2004 Dhaka grenade attack

During her second term as leader of the opposition, political unrest and violence
increased. MP Ahsanullah Master died after he was shot in May 2004. This was followed
by a grenade attack on 21 August on an Awami League gathering in Dhaka, resulting in
the death of 24 party supporters, including Ivy Rahman, party women's secretary. On 10
October 2018, a special court gave verdicts in two cases filed over the incident; the court
ruled that it was a well-orchestrated plan, executed through abuse of state power, and all
the accused, including BNP Senior vice-chairman Tarique Rahman (in absentia) and
former top intelligence officials, were found guilty. The court handed down various
punishments. Shah A M S Kibria, Hasina's former finance minister, was also killed that
year (2004) in a grenade attack in Sylhet.

In June 2005, A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury, an incumbent of the Awami

League, won the important mayoral election in Chittagong, the 'Port City' of, and
second-largest city in, Bangladesh. This election was seen as a showdown between the
opposition and the ruling party.

2006–2008: Detention during the caretaker government and military

intervention:

The months preceding the planned 22 January 2007 elections were filled with
political unrest and controversy. Following the end of Khaleda Zia's government in late
October 2006, there were protests and strikes, during which 40 people were killed in the
following month, over uncertainty about who would head the caretaker Government.
The caretaker Government had difficulty bringing all parties to the table. AL and its
allies protested and alleged that the caretaker Government favored the BNP.
 The interim period was marked by violence and strikes. Presidential Advisor
Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury negotiated with Hasina and Khaleda Zia and brought
all the parties to the planned 22 January 2007 parliamentary elections. Later Hussain
Muhammad Ershad's nomination was cancelled; as a result, the Grand Alliance
withdrew its candidates en masse on the last day possible. They demanded to have
voters' lists published.

Later in the month, President Iajuddin Ahmed was compelled to impose a state of
emergency and thus Lt General Moeen Uddin Ahmed took over the Government.
Political activity was prohibited. Fakhruddin Ahmed became the chief advisor with the
support of the Bangladesh Army.

In April 2007, Hasina was charged with graft and extortion by the military
backed Caretaker Government during the 2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis. She was
accused of having forced Bangladeshi businessman Tajul Islam Farooq to pay bribes in
1998 before his company could build a power plant. Farooq said that he paid Hasina for
approving his project.

On 18 April 2007, the Government barred Hasina from returning, saying that she
had made provocative statements and that her return could cause disorder. This was
described as a temporary measure. The Caretaker Government had also been trying to
get Khaleda Zia to leave the country. Hasina vowed to return home, and on 22 April
2007, a warrant was issued for her arrest for murder. Describing the case against her as
"totally false and fake", Hasina said that she wanted to defend herself against the
charges in court. On 23 April 2007, the arrest warrant was suspended, and on 25 April
2007, the ban on Hasina's entry was dropped. After spending 51 days in the United
States and the UK, on 7 May 2007 Hasina returned to Dhaka, where she was greeted by
a crowd of several thousand. She told reporters that the Government should not have
delayed her return.

On 16 July 2007, Hasina was arrested by police at her home and taken before a
local court in Dhaka. She was accused of extortion and denied bail, and was held in a
building converted into a jail on the premises of the National Parliament. AL said the
arrest was politically motivated. On 17 July 2007, the Anti-Corruption Commission sent
notices to both Hasina and Khaleda Zia, instructing them to provide details of their
assets within one week. Hasina's son Sajeeb Wazed Joy was out of the country, and said
he would try to organise worldwide protest. These arrests of the political leaders were
widely seen as a move by the military-backed interim Government to force Hasina and
Zia out of the country and into political exile. United Kingdom MPs condemned the
arrest. On 11 April 2007, the police filed murder charges against Hasina, alleging that
she masterminded the killing in October 2006 of four supporters of a rival political
party. The four alleged victims were beaten to death during clashes between AL and
rival party activists. Hasina was visiting the United States at the time.

On 30 July 2007, the Dhaka High Court suspended Hasina's extortion trial and
ordered her release on bail. On 2 September 2007, an additional case was filed against
Hasina by the Anti-Corruption Commission regarding the awarding of a contract for the
construction of a power plant in 1997, for which she allegedly took a bribe of 30 million
takas and kept the contract from going to the lowest bidder. Six others were also accused
of involvement. A graft case was filed against Zia on the same day.

On 13 January 2008, Hasina was indicted on extortion charges by a special court

along with two of her relatives, her sister Sheikh Rehana and her cousin Sheikh Selim.
On 6 February, the High Court stopped the trial, ruling that she could not be prosecuted
under emergency laws for crimes alleged to have been committed prior to the
imposition of the state of emergency.

On 11 June 2008, Hasina was released on parole for medical reasons. The next
day she flew to the United States to be treated for hearing impairment, eye problems
and high blood pressure. Syed Modasser Ali, her personal physician, threatened to sue
the caretaker Government over negligence regarding Hasina's treatment during her
detention. The caretaker Government held mayoral elections in which AL won 12 out of
13 mayoral elections. The caretaker Government extended her two-month medical
parole by one more month.

2009–2014: Second premiership:

On 6 November 2008, Hasina returned

to Bangladesh to attend the 2008 Bangladeshi
general election scheduled for 29 December.
She decided to participate in the parliamentary
election under the name of "Grand Alliance"
with the Jatiya Party, led by Hussain
Muhammad Ershad, as its main partner. On 11
December 2008, Hasina formally announced
her party's election manifesto during a news
conference, and vowed to build a "Digital Hasina with British PM David Cameron in London
(January 2011)
Bangladesh" by 2021.

Her Bangladesh Awami League and its Grand Alliance (a total of 14 parties) won
the 2008 general election with a two-thirds majority numerically the party controlled
230 seats out of 299. Khaleda Zia leader of the BNP-led coalition (4-Party Alliance)
rejected the results of the election by questioning the Chief Election Commissioner "for
stage-managing the parliamentary election". Hasina was sworn into office as the Prime
Minister for the second time on 6 January 2009. Independent observers declared the
elections were held in a festive and peaceful atmosphere. After being Prime Minister,
Hasina reneged on her agreement with the Jatiya Party to make Ershad, its leader, the
President.

Hasina removed many of her parties politicians who supported reforms forced by
the previous caretaker Government. She had to confront a major national crisis in the
form of the 2009 Bangladesh Rifles revolt over a pay dispute, that resulted in 75 deaths
including Bangladesh Army officers. Some Bangladesh Army officers blamed Hasina for
the deaths by not sending in the Army earlier. In 2011, the Parliament removed the law
that required non-party Caretaker government hold elections. In 2012, she maintained a
hard line stance and refused to allow entry to Rohingya refugees fleeing Myanmar
during the 2012 Rakhine State riots.

On 27 June 2013, a case against Hasina

and 24 other Bangladeshi Ministers and
security personnel was lodged at the
International Criminal Court (ICC). She has
been "credited internationally" for the
achievement of some of the United Nations
Millennium Development Goals. In 2012 a
coup attempt against her by mid ranking
army officers was stopped, with the
Bangladesh Army being tipped off by an Hasina with Russian President Vladimir Putin in
Moscow in January 2013
Indian intelligence agency. The Bangladesh
Army described the army officers involved as being Islamic extremists. In 2012, she had
a falling out with Muhammad Yunus, Nobel laureate and founder of Grameen Bank,
following a Norwegian documentary that was critical of Yunus transferring money from
Grameen Bank to an affiliate organisation. Yunus transferred the money back after the
documentary aired but it increased scrutiny of the Bank by the Government and media
in Bangladesh. Yunus lost control of his Bank following a court verdict. He criticised
Hasina and other Bangladeshi politicians. She responded by saying she did not
understand why Yunus blamed her when it was a court verdict that removed him from
Grameen Bank. During this term, her Government led and succeeded in forming the
International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh), to investigate and prosecute suspects
involved in the Bangladesh genocide, committed by the Pakistan Army and their local
collaborators, Razakars, Al-Badr, and Al-Shams during the Bangladesh Liberation war
in 1971.
2014–2019: Third premiership:

Sheikh Hasina secured a third

successive term in office with her ruling
Awami League and its Grand Alliance
partners, winning the 11th general election by
a landslide. With 267 seats under its belt this
time, the ruling alliance surpassed its 2008
poll success – when it secured 263
parliamentary seats. Sheikh Hasina's Awami
League has run Bangladesh since 2009 and
won 288 seats in this election. One of the Hasina with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi,
2018
leading opposition parties accused it of using
stuffed ballot boxes.

BNP, the main opposition party that has been out of power for 12 years and
boycotted the 10th general polls in 2014, fared extremely poorly. Bagging only eight
seats, the party and its Jatiya Oikya Front alliance have been marginalized to the
weakest opposition ever, since Bangladesh's post-Ershad democratic restoration in 1991.

A general election was held in January 2014 which was boycotted by the major
parties of the opposition alliance, including BNP. The election was controversial with
reports of violence and an alleged crackdown on the opposition in the run-up to the
election. 153 seats (of 300) went uncontested in the election, of which Awami League
won 127 by default. Hasina's Awami League won a safe parliamentary majority with a
total of 234 seats. As a result of the boycott and violence voter turnout was lower than
the previous few elections at only 51%. The day after the result, Hasina said that the
boycott should "not mean there will be a question of legitimacy. People participated in
the poll and other parties participated." Despite the controversy Hasina went on to form
a Government with Ershad's Jatiya Party (who won 34 seats) as the official opposition.

The election has been called "an

electoral farce". The BNP wanted the
elections to be held under a neutral
caretaker Government and had hoped to use
protests to force the government to do so.

In March 2017, Bangladesh's first two

submarines were commissioned. In
September 2017, Hasina's government gave
temporary shelter and aid to about a million
Hasina with G7 Leaders and guests, Shima Kanko Hotel
in Japan, 2016
Rohingya refugees and urged Myanmar to end violence against Rohingya Muslims. The
majority of the Bangladeshi people supported the government decision to provide
refugee to Rohingya. Hasina received credit and praise for her actions.

Hasina supported calls to remove the Statue of Justice in Bangladesh Supreme

Court. With some people saying the Government was bowing down to the pressure of
those who have used religion for political ends. Hasina is a patron of the Asian
University for Women, led by Chancellor Cherie Blair, and including the First Lady of
Japan, Akie Abe, as well as Irina Bokova, the Director-General of UNESCO.

2019–present: Fourth premiership

Hasina won her third consecutive term, her fourth overall, when her Bangladesh
Awami League won 288 of the 300 parliamentary seats. The leader of the main
Opposition party, Kamal Hossain, declared the vote "farcical" and rejected the results.
Before the election, Human Rights Watch and other rights organisations had accused
the Government of creating an intimidating environment for the Opposition.[105] The
New York Times editorial board described the election as farcical, the editorial stated
that it was likely Hasina would have won without vote rigging and questioned why she
did so.

THE END