Khristine Joy T.

Quines HELE
BSED IV-A Fe Vasquez
CHAPTER 4:
1. Discuss the importance of water supply to plants.
Water supply to the plant is provided by irrigation. This requires the construction of irrigation
and drainage canals to regulate the supply of water and to divert the flow of the water when
not needed, especially during the rainy season. The irrigation and drainage canals should be
wide and deep enough to irrigate the crops in the garden, to drain excess water , and to
prevent over flow during the rainsy season.
2. What are the different methods of watering plants?
Water supply of the plants is provided by irrigation.
The irrigation and drainage canals should be wide and deep enough to irrigate the crops in the
garden, to drain excess water and to prevent over flow during the rainy season.
3. Explain the various requirements for farm crop production and development.
Soil cultivation and widen application of fertilizing preparing the compost.
4. Why should weeds be destroyed? How do you control weed growth?
The nutrients will go to weed so that you have to cut it off.
5. What are fertilizers? Name the different kind of fertilizer.
A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plants tissues
to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
The two kinds of fertilizer are Organic Fertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer
6. Explain the different ways of fertilizer.
Broadcasting- This technique simply scatters the fertilizers uniformly on the soil but for best
results, incorporate it into the soil.
Sidedressing- It is the application of fertilizer beside or around the growing plant or crops
planted in rows. Sidedressing is done before cultivation so that the applied fertilizer will be
covered with soil.
Foliar Application – The fertilizer is dissolved in water and applied by spraying. This is widely
used to correct the lack of essential chemical elements. The right amount of fertilizer should be
sprayed thoroughly on the leaves of foliage of the plants rather than on the soil.
7. Differentiate between organic fertilizer and an organic fertilizer.
Organic Fertilizers- The main sources of organic fertilizers are the animal manure, green
manure and compost.
Inorganic Fertilizers- Are manufactured and distributed through stores and suppliers of animal
feeds. These fertilizer are often called commercial fertilizers either complete or incomplete.
8. What is a compost? What are the steps in preparing a compost?
Composting is the processing of organic matters, like weeds, manure, grasses, leaves , vines ,
rice hulls , corn stalks to decompose until they are ready as fertilizers for plants.
The following are the steps in preparing a compost:
Select a site near your supply of waste materials. It should at least be 150 feet
away from the house and at a level below that of the house.
Build a shelter to protect the pile from the rains, measuring at least two metres
by three or four metres. If this cannot be done, provide covering of the pile with
plastic materials.
Spread a five to six-inch layer of soil under the shelter.
Gather and dust weeds , leaves , animal manure , wood ashes , garbage ,etc.
until the pile is about shoulder high . Keep the sides of pile vertical with lightly
dished top to hold water.
Water the pile evenly every day or every two days to keep it moist. The moisrure
will help in rotting the pile faster.
Provide breathers like bamboo poles in the middle of the pile to aerate the
composting materials.
9. What are the common insects pests which attack farm crops. How are they controlled?
In vegetable production , the control of pests and diseases is essential to obtain good yields.
Aphids ( or plant lice) are tiny soft-bodied insect that suck the sap out of plants causing
stunted growth and curled leaves.
To control aphids , use the pesticide Malathion . Apply this chemical as soon as pests are
present. Repeat at 7-dy intervals during severe infestation and 16 days for low
infestation.
Beetles come in thousands of forms and they are threat to plants at all stages of their
development.
Flea Hoppers are greenish-black insects about the size and shape of an aphid. The most
appropriate insecticide is Phosdrin. Spray as flower buds appear and at 7 to 14 days
intervals.
Cabbage Caterpillars are the most destructive type and do considerable damage to
cauliflower , broccoli , and cabbage.