EVS - Activity

ATMOSPHERE

111910134 - AFAQUE ALTAF 111910138 - MICHAEL SUSNGI

111910135 - AKSHAY JADHAV 111910139 - PRANAV JADHAV
111910136 - HRISHIKESH SHIRSAT 111910140 - RAHUL JADHAV
111910137 - KARTIK RAINA 111910141 - RAVINDRA SHINDE
What is an atmosphere?

The AIR around us

An atmosphere is a layer of gases that may surround a

material body of sufficient mass, held in place by the gravity of
the Earth.
It controls temperature, protects us from harmful ultraviolet
rays from the sun, and supports life.
 COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

The majority of the composition of the atmosphere is

Name
Abr. % Other Gases

1%

O2

N2 78 Nitrogen 21%

O2 21 Oxygen
CO2 0.04 Carbon Dioxide

78%
Layers of Atmosphere

Exosphere

Thermosphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Troposphere
 Troposhere

First layer of the earth's atmosphere

Distance from the sea level is around 15km, and poles are 8-
9km
the temperature decreases at the rate of 6 °C per km
The all-weather condition happens in the troposphere.
the troposphere contains almost 90% of all the total mass of
gases in the atmosphere
The tropopause is the layer that separates the stratosphere
from the troposphere.
 Stratosphere

Second layer of the Earth's atmosphere

Discovered in 1902 by Leon Teisserenc de Bort from France and
Richard Assmann from Germany.
Its altitude starts from 20km to 7km till 50km to 60km.
The lower part of the stratosphere is used by planes for flight.
A temperature inversion occurs in this layer
The ozone layer is also present in this layer
The ozone layer was discovered by French physicists Charles Fabry and
Henri Buisson in 1913.
Present from a distance of 15km to 35km.
British Mathematician Sydney Chapman gave the mechanism for ozone
formation in 1930.
Molecular oxygen absorbs high energy being emitted from the space to
split and then recombine to form O3.
The ozone layer protects us from harmful cosmic radiations and acts as a
greenhouse gas
 Mesosphere

Third layer of the earth's atmosphere

The Coldest Temperature in the Atmosphere is found here

Most Meteors and Asteroids vaporize here
Only thin layers of gases exist here
Coldest atmospheric layer surrounding the Earth
Gravity waves, elves lightning, and Zonal winds are found here
 Thermosphere

Fourth layer of the earth's atmosphere

Above the mesosphere and below the exosphere

Two sections: 1. Lower thermosphere & 2. Upper thermosphere
X-ray and UV radiation from the Sun is absorbed in the thermosphere
The density of air is low
A significant part of the ionosphere(60 to 300) is in this layer.
 EXOSPHERE

Fifth and outermost layer of atmosphere

The exosphere begins at a distance of 311 to 621 times miles from the earth's surface.
Temperature variation in the exosphere.
Air in the exosphere.
Geocorona: Portion of exosphere visible from earth.
Satellites found here.
Engineering

Aspects

Nanometer-sized meteoric smoke particles probably act as condensation

nuclei for clouds in the mesosphere and stratosphere.
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is one proposed method, reliant on
lofting material into the stratosphere.
Commonly used empirical models of the hydrogen density in the outer
reaches of Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere, may be off by factors as
large as two.