ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING UTILITIES 2: hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.

ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS AND Coal, oil, and natural gas are example of
MECHANICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING fossil fuels.

GEOTHERMAL PLANT
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY AND
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
A geothermal power plant, wells are drilled
1 to 2 miles deep into the earth to pump
ELECTRICITY AS ENERGY - as a basic part
steam or hot water to the surface.
of nature the most of the most widely used
forms of energy, electricity that we use is a
The steam spins a turbine, which is
secondary energy source because it is
connected to a generator that produces
produced by converting primary sources of
electricity.
energy such as coal, natural gas, nuclear
energy, solar energy, and wind energy, into
The steams cool off on a cooling tower and
electrical power.
condenses back to water.

HOW ELECTRICITY PRODUCED

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY

Most electricity is generated with steam

SOLAR ENERGY - is radiant light and heat
turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear,
from the sun that is harnessed using a
biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal
range of technologies such as solar water
energy. Other major electricity generation
heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal
technologies include gas turbines, hydro
energy, molten salt power plant and
turbines, wind turbines, and solar
artificial photosynthesis.
photovoltaics.
PHOTOVOLTAICS - conversion of light into
STEAM TURBINES - is a machine that
electricity using semiconducting materials
extracts thermal energy from pressurized
that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
steam and uses it to do mechanical work
on a rotating output shaft. Its modern
HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
manifestation was invented by Charles
persons in 1884.
Is an electrical energy produced through
the power of moving water. the power
NUCLEAR ENERGY
obtained from the (typical gravitational)
movement of water.
Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus
or core of an atom. A nuclear reactor or
Hydropower plants derive energy from the
power plant is a series of machines that
force of moving water and harness this
can control nuclear fission to produce
energy.
electricity. The fuel that nuclear reactors
use to Produce nuclear fission is pellets of
the element uranium.
UNITS OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT

FOSSIL FUELS
AMPERE - unit of electric current in the
international system of unit. (Name for
Fossil fuels are made from decomposing
19th century French physicist Andre Marie
plants and animals. These fuels are found
Ampere). It represents a flow of one
in the earth’s crust and contain carbon and
coulomb of electricity per second.
WHAT IS AMPERE - defined as 1 coulomb SERIES CIRCUIT
of charge per second, a unit of measure of
rate of electron flow or current in an The elements are connected one after the
electrical conductor. other in series.

PURPOSE OF AMPERE - unit used to An electric circuit may be defined as a

measure electric current, current is a count
of the number of electrons flowing through
a circuit.
One ampere is the amount of current
produced by a force of one volt acting
through the resistance of one ohm.
complete conducting path that carries
current from a source of electricity to and
through some electrical device (or load)
and back to the source.
A current can never flow unless there is a
complete (closed) circuit.

To get the ampere the formula is watts /

volts = ampere.

VOLTS - is the pressure from an electrical

circuit power source that pushes charged
electrons (current) through a conducting
loop, enabling them to do work such as
illuminating a light. PARALLEL CIRCUIT

VOLTAGE = PRESSURE and it is measure Two or more branches of loads in a circuit

by volts (v).
Two common types of voltage the direct
current (dc) and the alternating current
(ac).
are connected between the same two
points, they are said to be connected in a
parallel or multiple.

OHMS - is defined as an electrical

resistance between two points of a
conductor when a constant potential
difference of one volt. (Name after Georg
Ohm) unit of electrical resistance.

OHMS LAW - stated that the strength of a

direct current is directly proportional to the
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND WIRING
potential difference and inversely
MATERIALS
proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

CONDUCTOR - object, or type of materials

that allows the flow of charge (Electrical
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
current) in one or more direction.

ELECTRICAL CURRENT - is a stream of

charged particles such as electrons or ions,
moving to an electrical conductor or space.
Measured as the net rate of flow or electric
charge through a surface or into a control possesses also economic and energy
volume. ratings.

ELECTRONS - a stable subatomic particles ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATING - is a

with a charge of negative electricity, found measure of the overall efficiency of a home
in all atoms and acting as the primary appliance. The higher the rating the more
carrier of electricity in solid. energy efficient the home appliances, the
lower the fuel bills will be.
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES - a particles
smaller than an atom, or cluster of such
particles.

Typically, an atom can be broken down into

three subatomic particles namely,
PROTONS, ELECTRONS AND NEUTRONS.

ECONOMICS OF MATERIAL SELECTION

The selection of electrical materials

involves not only choosing a material or
assembly that is functionally adequate, and
where necessary, visually satisfactory, but
also the consideration of economic
factors. It is necessary since in most
instances. there is available a multiplicity
of equipment that will fulfill the
construction need. In such cases,
economic factors often decided the issue.
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT RATINGS
All electrical equipment is rated for the
normal service it is intended to perform.
The ratings may be in voltage, current, duty,
horsepower, kilowatts, kilovolts,
temperature, enclosure and so on.

INTERIOR WIRING SYSTEMS

ENERGY CONSIDERATION (E.E.R.)
Energy cost are a major factor in economic
analysis. However, energy considerations
are at least as important, in and of
themselves. In addition to purely electrical
characteristics, electrical equipment,
The function of any wiring system is to
conduct electricity to one point to another,
when the primary purpose of the system is
to distribute electrical energy, it is referred
to as an electrical power system.
Due to the nature of electricity, it is Application of this construction is generally
distributed within a structure poses to feeder circuits.
basically a single problem. How to
construct a distribution system that will
safely provide the energy required in the
location required.

The solution to this problem is to isolate

the electrical conductor.

WAYS TO ISOLATE ELECTRICAL

CONDUCTORS

INSULATED CABLES IN OPEN RACEWAYS

(TRAYS) - this system is specifically
intended for industrial application, and it
relies upon both the cable and the tray for
safety.

INSULATED CONDUCTORS IN CLOSED

RACEWAYS - this system is the most
general types and is applicable to all types
of wiring in all types of facilities. it can
further be subdivided into two major sub -
categories.

COMBINED CONDUCTORS AND

ENCLOSURES - this type is intended to over
all types of factories - constructed busway
and bus duct, plus a few special types.