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Article Review
1. How is interest conceptualized?
From the article, interest is conceptualized using a dispositional
perspective. Dispositional interests are character-like and show the choice of a
person's behavior in situations or in the circumstances in which activities occur.
2. How does interest influence career choice?
The authors claim that vocational interests reflect people's identity. Thus
people tend to adopt academic and work environments by looking at opportunities
in line with their identity.
3. Types of vocational interests
According to Holland's RIASEC model, the six different vocational
interest types include artistic, social, realistic, enterprising, investigative, and
conventional.
4. Purpose of the study and the use of Meta-Analysis
The purpose of the study was to assess the magnitude of sex differences
in vocational interests and the extent of work tasks using a meta-analysis review.
The author used meta-analysis to investigate the research question since it
provides results from a large sample representing different age groups and ethnic
groups, reducing the sampling error.
5. Study procedures used by the researchers
The study procedure begins where the inventories are printed in English
using the standard sample from the United States or integrating both standard
samples from Canada and the United States. In the second procedure, inventories
used were to measure vocational interests, so the tests included educational
interests such as major college inventory were not measured. That meant that the
tests that measured personalities were also not included. In the third step, the
inventories applied the same procedure to the male and female examinees. In the
fourth step, the standard deviation and mean were presented using meta-analysis,
which enabled the size of the sex difference to be calculated. Different numbers of
inventories were regarded as separate studies. The new numbers of inventories
with new standards that have not been revised, the samples weighed and
combined with the old numbers to avoid having random variables that are not
dependent.
6. Summary of the results
The study reveals that men find interest when working in things or objects
but women prefer socializing with people. Men portrayed strong and realistic
interests while women portrayed strength in artistic, social and conventional
interests. The study also found that men have greater interests in engineering,
mathematics and science compared to women. The study suggested that interests
may play an important role in choosing gender-specific careers and lead to gender
imbalance in the STEM fields. The three-year interview study supported this
hypothesis, finding that non-STEM subjects offered a better education option to

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female students since it matched their interests. The results from the interview
explain why almost 46% of female students switch from STEM disciplines to
non-STEM disciplines. Also, 38% percent of those who remained in the STEM
claimed they are other fields that might be of interest to them.
7. Do the main findings of the study controversial or not?
The study's main findings are not controversial since the author advocates
for removing interest in sex differences regarding career choice. The authors
claim that the removal of sex differences in academics gives students a chance for
occupational exploration, and thus it will maximize the career opportunities for
everyone.
8. What new information did you learn from the article?
When helping students choose their careers, educators and counselors
need to be aware of the inventory that shows the large and small sex differences.
They also need to be careful when selecting the assessment methods when
analyzing the results of interest in sex difference to avoid limiting the individual's
career choice in both male and female students.

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Work Cited
Su, Rong, James Rounds, and Patrick Ian Armstrong. "Men and things, women
and people: a meta-analysis of sex differences in interests." Psychological
bulletin 135.6 (2009): 859.

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