Topic 1

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Allied Health Sciences - Public Health
Instructor: Mrs. JA Peace Corodan

CAMILLE ALDWIN JUBELLYN DE KEITHLYN

AGUSTIN BALUBAL GARCIA ZIPAGAN
FIRST REPORTER SECOND REPORTER THIRD REPORTER FOURTH REPORTER
OUR TEAM
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH

ADMINISTRATION
Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the topic, the students must be able to:
1.Discuss public health and the roles of public health administrators in organizations;
2.Discuss different concepts for the excellent management of an organization;
3.Relate the model/ frameworks to actual decisions processes done in health care
organizations;
4.Analyze the nature of the implementation functions;
5.Describe the specific decisions a manager takes in relation to organizing.
DEFINITION OF PUBLIC HEALTH

AND PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC HEALTH AND PUBLIC HEATH

ADMINISTRATION
The science and practice of public health focus on avoiding diseases,
extending life, and boosting through coordinated community effort for the
cleaning of the environment, prevention of communicable diseases, and
personal finance education medical, allied health, and nursing services are
arranged for the early disease detection and prevention, social development,
and disease machinery to provide everyone a living standard sufficient for
maintaining health. Organizing these benefits will enable every citizen to enjoy
his right to health as a natural born citizen and durability (Dr. C.E. Winslow).
The goal of public health is to help

everyone achieve the best level of
physical, mental, and social
wellbeing and lifespan possible given
the knowledge and resources that
are accessible to them at the time
and place in question. It sees this as
its contribution to the best possible
overall growth and quality of life for
the person and his society (Hanlon).
An adaptation of Dr. Ruth Freeman's definition, public health administration

refers to the services provided by qualified public health practitioners to the
community, groups, families, and individuals in their homes, health centers,
clinics, hospitals, and in health care bureaus, offices, and organizations for the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick, and recovery from
illness.
Raising the general population's level of health is the ultimate objective of

public health officials. To do this, health care institutions must be able to assist
groups, communities, and families in resolving their identified health issues
and provide them with the tools necessary to protect their own health. This is
referred to as self-reliance.
ROLES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH

ADMINISTRATOR
ROLES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATOR

ROLES FUNCTIONS
Identification of health care problems needs and priorities of individuals,

families, communities and organizations.
Assess community health issues and formulate plans for health based
on gaps identified in the different stakeholders in the society
Planner/
Programmer Implements health care policies, mandates and plans using wide-range
strategies to benefit the people in the community
Manages all aspects of the public health organization, which include the
oversight of budgets, programs, staff, and grants, among many others.
Helps in educating the public on the prevention

or alleviation of health problems
Formulates appropriate training programs and

facilitates the training of all concerned on
Health Educators
health promotion and disease prevention
Develops Information Education Campaign

materials
Organizes workforce and resources for effective delivery

of health care across all levels
Interprets, implements and communicates health

advisories, memoranda and circulars
Manager/ Supervisor
Balances limited budgets and allocating funds where
needed
Does regular supervisory visits to health care institutions

under the scope of hs jurisdiction
Executes community outreach

programs to address health
Community
issues or problems afflicting a
Organizer
specific community or
population
Writing grant proposals and heading up

fundraising efforts
Conducts researches on health related
subjects
Researcher
Coordinates with government and non-

government agencies in the
implementation of studies/ researches
FRAMEWORK IN THE PRACTICE

OF HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
FRAMEWORK IN THE PRACTICE OF HEALTH

ADMINISTRATION
The National Public Health Partnership's (NPHP) Planning
Framework for Public Health Practice aims to improve
planning and management in public health. The
framework is not a new definition of public health but a
method for continually defining and reviewing what public
health does. It promotes a rigorous, strategic and
collaborative approach to planning.
The technical framework for the practice of health administration must be guided by these sets
of principles (National Public Health Partnership, September 2000)
1. Each community or population sub-group should have access to strategies, services and
activities which optimize their health;
2. Each community or population sub-group should have access to a healthy and safe
environment including clean air and water, and adequate food and housing;
3. Public health efforts must proceed in partnership with non-health sectors and in collaboration
with international partners; a supportive legal and political environment is integral to the public
health effort;
4. Improvements in knowledge about current and emerging health determinants and risks are
vital to effective public health efforts;
5. Priority setting and decision making should be based on scientific

evidence as far as possible and on criteria that are open to public
scrutiny and debate;
6. Optimizing population health outcomes requires effective linkage

between public health and health system planning; and
7. An ongoing capacity to scan and monitor the social and

environmental trends likely to impact on future health status is
essential for long term planning to prevent ill health.
Elements of the Conceptual Framework in Health (Peters, T.J. & Austin, N.R)
1. People as the customers including members of the organization patients, families, community and
other users of organizational services;
2. Exceptional Care and Services including all key activities/such as, governance, management, direct
care/services, developmental and support activities to improve outcomes to all customers;
3. Constant innovations or creativity and responsiveness to emerging needs to continually improve

performance in key activities;
4. Leadership touching on the three sides of the triangle to show the equal importance of the first three
elements in creating and sustaining an effective organization in the long run. Excellence in leadership is
central to the model. It means that managers lead by ensuring commitment to the values underlying the
vision - mission and goals of the organization
The achievement of service excellence is a

process, not a program which has a beginning
and end. It is continuous and requires a
strategy based on primary health care. It
demands not only skillful planning and
implementation but also, energy, concern for
people, courage, determination, determination
and perseverance.
CONCEPTS FOR THE EXCELLENT MANAGEMENT OF AN

ORGANIZATION
1. Concept of Service Excellence
Service quality is one dimension of organizational performance that ranges from poor to excellent. From
the point of view of the customers of the health care service, health is an essential and a critical
commodity which is anchored to their claim that health is wealth.
Explicitly, health services must be done effectively and efficiently. Effective means doing the things rightly
and efficient means doing the right things. In other words, we have do right things rightly.
2. Concept of Customer
The concept of providers and users of health services as customers makes the health care organization
"internally aligned" with respect to its members and also "externally focused" with respect to those
receiving care.
3. Concept of Innovation
The world of health care administration is dynamic and unique and so administrators are expected to be
innovative. There is no perfect way of accomplishing tasks or managing people. Health care organizations
must be aware of and willing to adapt new ways of doing things. To be efficient and creative, an
organization must have individuals who can recognize situations where change must be made. More than
being innovative, public health administrators must be flexible, receptive and adaptive to changes in their
work environment.
4. Concept of Leadership
Leadership is the link that puts together all the other concepts of excellent management in organization.
Changes are made in response to the needs of customers and to changes in the general environment.
Leadership is concerned with the need to orchestrate organizational policies, goals and directives. It is not
merely done to comply with the instructions of higher authorities and to impress people. Leadership is a
question of values integration with the style of the manager resulting from value choices. In other values
are reflected through the priorities that organizational leaders choose and act on consistently and
repeatedly.
INDICATORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
PERFORMANCE AND
MANAGEMENT
Figure 1. Indicators of
Organizational Performance
and Management
EXCELLENT MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION
Indicators of Organizational Performance and Management (Eriberto Policar,

Compiled Notes in Public Health Administration)
1. Effective
This is the degree to which specific care or service is provided in a correct

manner given the current state of knowledge to achieve the projected
outcome to people within and outside organization. Emphasis is on the
attainment of organization goals.
2. Efficient
This is a measure of the relationship between outcomes (results of the care/service)

used to deliver the services. Emphasis is on the extent to which the organization is able
to optimize resources needed to attain the goal especially scarce health human
resources.
3. Accountable
This is the degree to which systematic accounting of the consequences of decisions

and actions about people are made. Emphasis is on individual/professional as well as
group/team accountability for performance to superiors and the public/customers.
THE IMPLEMENTATION FUNCTIONS
The Management Cycle
Figure 2 shows the three main functions of management namely: planning

implementation and evaluation as three slices of a ‘PIE’ this means that a manager
may start with planning, proceed with implementation, then to evaluation and back to
planning to complete the cycle of management.
But, this is a very simple representation of a complex process. And so, we need another
model to show the relationship of the implementation function to the planning and
evaluation function.
Figure 2. Model of the

Management Process
Management primarily concerned with success in implementation. It also shows

implementation as a function that overlaps with and is closely interconnected with the
planning function. The, planning can be defined as the "making of implementation decisions
before implementation" and "making of evaluation decisions before implementation"
In this model, implementation starts with organizational planning by communicating the

mission established and promulgated by organizational leaders. The manager encourages
involvement of members in building the vision, values and goals into the mission and in
setting the norms or criteria for implementation and evaluation. Implementation on the
other hand, deals with decisions about activities, and of other resources, and information.
Clearly, the decision to be made at the start of implementation is whether to implement the
plan and if so, decide how best to proceed. The following is a summary of the types of
decisions a manager takes in implementation:
1. Executive summary of activities. In any activity to be done, the preceding activity should be done on
time, produce the rights outputs in the right amount.
2. Deployment of health human resources including the giving of assignment, developing the mechanisms
for coordination, supervision, administrative control, developmental and support activities (training,
coaching, counselling etc.)
3. Allocation of resources including monitoring and control of the quantity, quality, use or consumption,
ordering issuing etc.; provision of logistics including procurement. clearance, storage forwarding,
distribution, replenishment etc.; accounting (receipts and expenditures) and organization of work spaces,
records and facilities etc.
4. Processing of information considering the need for specific information, amount and quality (timeliness,
relevance, cost, reliability, validity) source and how information will be collated, analyzed, recorded,
reported and to whom information will be communicated.
Summary:
Public health administrators are essential in order to ensure that the processes in the health
care system are in place. Their roles are encompassing because they are not only confined in
the offices but are expected to discharge roles until the community- level. We call them
frontliners although they are more focused in the prevention of diseases, promotion of health
and prolonging life. He being a manager and administrator must therefore be well versed of
the framework of public health. He must understand how each of the component and
stakeholder in public health systems work. He must have a deep sense of appreciation of
people, services, innovation and leadership which are the primordial elements of public
health organization. Lastly, administration and management talks of a collegial effort. There is
a group that plans, implements and evaluates and a public health administrator must get
this components together and must ensure that the group’s effort is towards a common goal.
The concepts of management that a public health

administrator must possess are giving attention to
delivery of quality service, ensure customer
satisfaction, must be innovative and must show a
deep sense of leadership, afterall, the organization is
held accountable.
Thank You!

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CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Allied Health Sciences - Public Health

Instructor: Mrs. JA Peace Corodan

CAMILLE ALDWIN JUBELLYN DE KEITHLYN

TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH

DEFINITION OF PUBLIC HEALTH

PUBLIC HEALTH AND PUBLIC HEATH

The goal of public health is to help

An adaptation of Dr. Ruth Freeman's definition, public health administration

Raising the general population's level of health is the ultimate objective of

ROLES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH

ROLES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATOR

Identification of health care problems needs and priorities of individuals,

Helps in educating the public on the prevention

Formulates appropriate training programs and

Develops Information Education Campaign

Organizes workforce and resources for effective delivery

Interprets, implements and communicates health

Does regular supervisory visits to health care institutions

Executes community outreach

Writing grant proposals and heading up

Coordinates with government and non-

FRAMEWORK IN THE PRACTICE

FRAMEWORK IN THE PRACTICE OF HEALTH

5. Priority setting and decision making should be based on scientific

6. Optimizing population health outcomes requires effective linkage

7. An ongoing capacity to scan and monitor the social and

3. Constant innovations or creativity and responsiveness to emerging needs to continually improve

The achievement of service excellence is a

CONCEPTS FOR THE EXCELLENT MANAGEMENT OF AN

EXCELLENT MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION

Indicators of Organizational Performance and Management (Eriberto Policar,

This is the degree to which specific care or service is provided in a correct

This is a measure of the relationship between outcomes (results of the care/service)

This is the degree to which systematic accounting of the consequences of decisions

THE IMPLEMENTATION FUNCTIONS

The Management Cycle

Figure 2 shows the three main functions of management namely: planning

Figure 2. Model of the

Management primarily concerned with success in implementation. It also shows

In this model, implementation starts with organizational planning by communicating the

The concepts of management that a public health

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