SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4

Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

LESSON 1: Functions, Function Notations, and Equations

Learn about It!

In an equation in two variables, x and y , the variable y may be expressed as f (x) if every value of x corresponds to a single
value of y . This is known as a function, where y is a function of x . It is usually denoted by y=f ( x ). Here, x is the independent
variable and y is the dependent variable.

The function f (x) can be thought of as a “machine” that accepts values of x as input and produces values of y as output.
These outputs are also known as values of f (x).

Say, if you feed a tree trunk into a woodcutting machine, it will produce pieces of chopped wood.

The tree trunks are the input, the machine is the function, and the chopped logs are the output.

Let’s take a look at an example as follows:

In the equation of the line y=2 x +1, if x=1, y=3 . If x=2 , y=5 and if x=3 , y=7 . In this equation, x is the input,
2 x+1 is the function, and y is the output.

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

Example 1: In a clothes dryer, what do you think is the input, the function, and the output?

Solution: Putting wet clothes in the dryer will cause the clothes to dry. Hence, the wet clothes
are the input, the drying process is the function, and the results (the output) are the dry clothes.

Example 2: Analyze the given chart below. Determine the input, the function, and the output.

Solution: The input are the x -values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). The output are the y -values (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Notice that if the value of x is 1,
the value of y is 4. If x is 2, y is 5, and so on. By observing the pattern, note that each input increases by 3 after “going through” the
function. Hence, the function is y=x +3

Example 3: Consider the following equations:

a. 3 x=4 x−1
b. y=3 x +1
c. 2+5=6+1

Which of the given equations is a function?

Solution: The only function among the three equations is y=3 x +1, because it denotes a relationship between two variables
x and y .

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

Example 4: A game at a theme park offers prize money based on the number of balls you
can successfully shoot in one minute.

 0-7 successful shots: no prize

 8-15 successful shots: ₱150
 more than 15 successful shots: ₱200

Write a piecewise function M ( x ) that relates the prize money offered to the

number of successful shots you make.

Solution: The piecewise function that can represent the problem is

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

LESSON 2: Evaluating and Graphing of Functions

Learn about It!

One of the most important processes involving functions is to evaluate them for given values of the variables. Just
like algebraic expressions, functions are evaluated by substituting the given values of the variables and simplifying the resulting
expression. If we evaluate a function f ( x) at a certain value, say x=0 the resulting value of f (x) is denoted by f (0). Evaluating
functions at given points is also a necessary skill in graphing functions

Graphing Functions
You can graph any equation or function using a table of values. A table of values is a graphic organizer or chart that helps you
determine two or more points that can be used to create your graph.

Suppose we want to sketch the graph of y=2 x +1, we can follow the given steps.

Solution:

Step 1: Tabulate some arbitrary values of x .

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

Step 2: To obtain the corresponding values of y, evaluate the function at the chosen values of x.

Step 3: Plot the ordered pairs on the Cartesian plane.

Example 1: Sketch the graph of the function f ( x )=x 2 +2 x+1

Step 1: Tabulate some arbitrary values of x . Step 2: Evaluate the function at the chosen values of x .

X Y X F (X)
a. -2 a. -2 1
b. -1 b. -1 0
c. 0 c. 0 1
d. 1 d. 1 4
e. 2 e. 2 9

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

Step 3: Plot the ordered pairs in the cartesian plane.

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

LESSON 3: Operations on Functions

Let f ∧g be the two functions. We can define the following:

Sum of Functions: The sum of f ∧g, denoted by (f + g), is given by

(f + g)( x)=f (x)+ g ( x).

Difference of Functions: The difference of f ∧g, denoted by (f −g) is given by

(f −g)(x)=f (x )−g( x )

Product of Functions: The product of f ∧g, denoted by (fg)(x ), is defined by

(fg)(x )=f (x) . g( x)

f
Quotient of Functions: The quotient of f and g, denoted by ( ) ( x ) , is defined by
g

f f (x)
( ) ( x)= , where g ( x) ≠ 0.
g g(x)

Example 1: Given the functions g ( x )=8+6 x−2 x 2∧h ( x )=4 (−x 4 + x−3 x 2 ) , find ( g+h )( x ) .

Solution:

Step 1: Substitute the given functions to the definition of sum of functions.

( g+h )( x )=g ( x )+ h(x)

( g+h )( x )=( 8+ 6 x−2 x 2 ) + 4 (−x 4 + x−3 x 2 )

Step 2: Distribute 4 to all of the terms inside the parentheses.

( g+h )( x )=( 8+ 6 x−2 x 2 ) +(−4 x 4+ 4 x−12 x 2)

Step 3: Group similar terms together

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

( g+h )( x )=(−4 x 4 ) + ( −2 x 2−12 x 2) + ( 6 x+ 4 x )+ 8

Step 4: Combine similar terms.

( g+h )( x )=−4 x 4−14 x2 +10 x+ 8

The answer is ( g+h )( x )=−4 x 4−14 x2 +10 x+ 8

Example 2: What is ( f −g)(4 )if f (x )=5 x+2∧g( x)=15 x +6 ?

Solution:

( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )¿ ( 5 x+2 )−( 15 x+6 )¿ 5 x+ 2−15 x−6¿−10 x −4 ( f −g ) ( 4 )=−10 x−4¿−10 ( 4 )−4 ¿−40−4
¿−44

Example 3: What is (f −g)(3)if f (3)=5 x 2−3∧g(x)=x 2−15 x+6 ?

Solution:
( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )

¿ ( 5 x 2−3 ) −( x 2−15 x+6 )

2 2
¿ 5 x −3−x +15 x−6
2
¿ 4 x +15 x−9

( f −g ) ( 3 )=f ( 3 )−g ( 3 )

¿ 4 ( 3 )2+ 15 ( 3 )−9

¿ 4 ( 9 ) +45−9

¿ 36+ 45−9

¿ 81−9

¿ 72

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

Example 4: What is (f . g)(x) if f ( x)=5 x +2∧g ( x)=8+6 x−2 x2?

Solution:

Note that (f . g)( x)=f (x ). g(x ). Substitute f ( x)∧g ¿ ) in the given expression and solve for
(f . g)(x).

( f . g ) ( x )=f ( x ) . g ( x )

¿ ( 5 x+2 ) ( 8+ 6 x−2 x 2 )

¿ ( 5 x )( 8 ) + ( 5 x )( 6 x ) +5 x (−2 x 2 ) +2 ( 8 ) +2 ( 6 x ) −2 ( 2 x 2 )
2 3 2
¿ 40 x +30 x −10 x +16+12 x−4 x
3 2 2
¿−10 x +30 x −4 x + 40 x +12 x+16

¿−10 x 3 +26 x 2 +52 x +16

Example 5: What is ( f . g ) ( 2 ) if f ( x )=6−2 x∧g ( x )=4−3 x ?

Step 1: Multiply the two given expressions for f(x) and g(x).
( f . g ) ( x )=f ( x ) . g( x )

¿( 6−2 x)( 4−3 x)

¿ ( 6 ) ( 4 ) + ( 6 ) (−3 x )+ (−2 x ) ( 4 )+(−2 x)(−3 x )

¿ 24−18 x−8 x+ 6 x2
2
¿ 6 x −26 x +24

Step 2: Substitute x=2 to the resulting function

( f . g ) ( 2 )=6 ( 2 )2−26 ( 2 ) +24

¿ 6 ( 4 )−52+24 ¿ 24−52+24¿−28+24 ( f . g ) ( 2 )=−4

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

Example 6: Let f ( x )=x−1∧g ( x ) =x2 −3 x +2.

f
()
Find g ( x ) ?
f
()
Solution: g ( x )=
g(x)
f (x )

( fg ) ( x )= x −3x−1x +2
2

( fg ) ( x )= ( x−1x−1)( x−2 )
( fg ) ( x )= x−2
1

Example 7: Let f ( x )=x−2∧g ( x ) =3 x2 −5 x−2.

f
()
Find g ( x ) ?

f
()
Solution: g ( x )= g ( x )
f (x )

( fg ) ( x )= 3 x −5
x−2
2
x−2

( fg ) ( x )= (3 x+1)(
x−2
x−2)

( fg ) ( x )= 3 x1+1

Example 8: Let f ( x )=2 x +1∧g ( x )=4 x2−1.

f
()
Find g ( x ) ?

f
()
Solution: g ( x )=
g(x)
f (x )

( fg ) ( x )= 42xx +1−1
2

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SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS Q1 | W1-4
Prepared by: Mrs. Tero

( fg ) ( x )= ( 2 x +12 x+1
)( 2 x−1 )

( fg ) ( x )= 2 x−1
1

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