DEPARTMENT OF GEODETIC

ENGINEERING
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, PHILIPPINES
Telephone: (053) 565-0600 local 1027
Email: dge@vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

GEng 137
Hydrographic Survey

Assignment – 1
Y011
Group 5
Give at least two (2) example for each order of accuracy - Hydrographic Survey

Special Order
Example Reference
 LiDAR Surveys and Flood Mapping of Abra de UP Training Center for Applied
Ilog River Geodesy and Photogrammetry
(TCAGP) (Director). (2017). LiDAR
 The program was aimed at producing an up-
Surveys and Flood Mapping of Abra
to-date and detailed national elevation
dataset suitable for 1:5,000 scale mapping, de Ilog River.

with 50 cm and 20 cm horizontal and vertical https://dream.upd.edu.ph/assets/P

accuracies, respectively. These accuracies ublications/LiDAR-Technical-

were achieved through the use of the state- Reports/UPLB/L
of-the-art Light Detection and Ranging
(LiDAR) airborne technology procured by the
project through DOST.

 Consultancy Services for the Programmatic CONSULTANCY SERVICES for the

Environmental Assessment, Planning and PROGRAMMATIC

Engineering Studies for the Coastal Adaptation ENVIRONMENTAL ASESSMENT,

Strategy Formulation in the Manila Bay Area. PLANNING and ENGINEERING

- The hydrographic survey shall be carried out
for reclamation areas may be established
guided by the National Reclamation Plan
(NRP), Manila Bay Sector (MBS). The
hydrographic survey shall be carried out as
follows: (a) All structures, floating or fixed
within the working limits shall be surveyed and
shown on the plan. Any obstructions detected
shall be shown clearly on the survey plan. The
composition or the nature of the obstructions
shall be described in details in the report.
STUDIES for the COASTAL
ADAPTATION STRATEGY
FORMULATION in the MANILA BAY
AREA. (n.d.).
https://www.pea.gov.ph/.
https://www.pea.gov.ph/images/p
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004-eligibility-documents-
repost.pdf?
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Where applicable, hydrographic survey must hNviHVy7HOBeKq_A
cover up to High Water Line or coastline or
embankments. (b) Sounding lines are to be at
10 m interval for the surveys and cross lines at
100 m interval. However, interlines and cross
lines are to be run whenever bottom
irregularities occur. (c) The horizontal
positioning is to be controlled by Differential
Global Positioning System. (DGPS) or
electronic positioning system providing an
accuracy of +/- 1 m or better. All DGPS
equipment must be calibrated before they are
permitted to be used for the Works. (d) Depth
accuracy shall be ± 0.1 m. Depths shall be
logged at 4 m interval simultaneous with x-y
coordinates derived from the DGPS. (e) The
Chart Datum or local/common datum, subject
to the approval of the PRA, shall be used for
the reduction of soundings and shall be stated
clearly in all survey plans and records. (f) For
the sounding surveys, the Consultant shall
provide a dual frequency echo sounder (viz
about 30 kHz and 210 kHz) subjected to
approval by PRA. The echo sounder shall be
calibrated by Bar Checks, up to the maximum
depth of the survey area, daily before and after
sounding. The records of such Bar Checks
shall be marked on the same echo roll used for
the particular day's sounding and shall be
subjected to inspection by the PRA.
First Order
Example Reference

 Hydrographic Survey Specifications and https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/

Deliverables publications/docs/standards-and-
 The NOS specification for hydrographic requirements/specs/
surveys requires the Total Horizontal HSSD_2021.pdf
Uncertainty (THU) in position of soundings
shall not exceed 5 m + 5% of the depth, with
a confidence level of 95%. The portion of
the total uncertainty budget allotted to
survey platform (vessel) position depends
upon how accurately the sounding is
positioned relative to the vessel.
- The specifications described herein are
based in part on the International
Hydrographic Organization’s Standards for
Hydrographic Surveys, Special Publication
44, Sixth Edition, March 2020, specifically
for Order 1a surveys. Hydrographic surveys
classified as Order 1a are intended for
harbors, harbor approach channels,
recommended tracks, inland navigation
channels, coastal areas of high commercial
traffic density. Additional details for the
specific project areas, including any
modifications to the specifications in this
manual, will be provided in Hydrographic
Survey Project Instructions for NOAA field
units and contractors or in the Statement of
Work (contractors only). Field units should
contact the Contracting Officer’s
Representative (COR), Hydrographic
Surveys Division (HSD) Project Manager, or
Navigation Services Division (NSD) Project
Manager to ensure they are using the
 correct and approved version of any
software mentioned in these Specifications.
 Evaluating a global differential GPS system for https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
hydrographic surveying abstract/document/1640155

- The Naval Oceanographic Office

(NAVOCEANO), the U. S. Navy's Fleet Survey
Team (FST), and the National Oceanic &
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
conduct hydrographic surveys for nautical
charting in accordance with International
Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44
standards. To meet these standards, current
practice requires shore stations for
differential GPS control and local water level
determination. A real-time global
differential GPS (GDGPS) system, in which
corrections are delivered by satellite,
presents an opportunity to greatly simplify
hydrographic operations by minimizing or
eliminating shore stations. The three
dimensional accuracy of GDGPS is
demonstrated from static observations. The
vertical accuracy of GDGPS positioning for
hydrographic surveying is compared to that
obtained from simultaneously acquired
real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. The
accuracy of traditional hydrographic
sounding reduction techniques, using water
level corrections and measured heave, is
also presented. The accuracy of GDGPS
vertical positioning is observed to be
adequate for IHO Order 1 hydrographic
surveying.
Second Order
Example Reference

 Hydrographic Survey Lake Malawi: A bilateral co-

operation (Malawi - Iceland) https://www.hydro-

- Lake Malawi, being close to 25,000 sq km, international.com/content/article/

occupies over a fifth of Malawi and is a hydrographic-survey-lake-

malawi-a-bilateral-co-operation-
veritable inland sea. At its deepest it is over
malawi-iceland
700 metres, which is actually 230 metres
below sea level. It is probably the most
significant natural endowment of the
country and together with its single outlet,
the Shire River, plays a significant role both
historically, economically and as a means of
communication. It has played a major role
to the communities of Malawi as it runs
parallel or adjacent to the country which
lies mostly to west of the lake. There are
over 500 fish species most of them endemic
to the lake.

 Surveying and Mapping Devil’s Kitchen Lake, https://www.townofduck.com/wp-

Williamson Country, Illinios content/uploads/Survey-
Methodologies-and-Map-
- Horizontal and vertical positioning checks were Preparation.pdf
conducted at the beginning and end of each day
using at least two 2nd order monuments in the
project area. The RTK GPS utilizes statistical
methods to ensure accuracy of RTK GPS data
remains within the 95% confidence interval. The
control check shots were acquired using a
minimum of five (5) epochs which results in a
high accuracy location. Results from 2nd order
control checks are displayed showing northing,
easting, monument elevation, inverses,
horizontal and vertical root mean square error,
 location description and photographs as
indicated in the Monument Information Report

Third Order
Example Reference

The inference of North Atlantic circulation  

patterns from climatological hydrographic data https://doi.org/10.1029/RG023i004p00313

 The vertical structure reveals an almost

horizontal level of no motion pattern much
along the concepts of Defant (1941). Diffusion
coefficients were determined for an upper
layer (depth of mixed layer to 800 m depth)
and a lower layer (800 m to 2000 m). 
 Securing safe sea routes in Antarctic
- The survey found that the depths ranged
from 0.46m to 400m and the seafloor
mostly consisted of mudflats containing
gravel. In addition, we discovered traces of
glacier caused by massive floating ice
trapped on the seafloor, as well as
waterways and a fjord created by the
melting and erosion of glaciers.

Third order reference: https://www.khoa.go.kr/eng/user/bbs/detailBbsList.do?

bbsMasterSeq=BOARD_MST_0000000041&bbsSeq=BBS_00000000102