DIESEL ENGINE 3.

A 3MW diesel consumes

240li of 25°API fuel and generates
1. During the dynamometer
900 KW-hr. Determine the rate of
test of an engine for 1 hr steady
fuel consumed but the engine.
load, the engine consumes 40kg
fuel having 43,300 KJ/kg heating
SG15.6 = 141.5 .
value. If the torque developed is
131.5 + API
2.5 KN-m during the test at 600
= 141.5 .
rpm, what is the efficiency of the
131.5 + 25
engine?
= 0.904
e = BP/IP ρ = m/v
0.904kg/li = m .
= 2π[2.5KN-m][600rpm] . 240 li .
[40kg][43 300 KJ/kg]
900 kw-hr.
[1hr][60min/hr]
3000 KW
e = 0.3265 x 100 = 32.65% m= [723.32 kg/hr][1hr/3600]
m= 0.2 kg/s
2. A 4-stroke gasoline engine
has a bore and stroke of 400mm x 4. A 20cm x 35cm diesel with 4
450mm running at 750rpm. If the cylinders and operating on a four
clearance volume is 0.0527 m3/s, stroke, has a rated power of 160kw
calculate the engine efficiency. and is running at 250rpm. Find the
volume displacement per brake
C = V2/VD power developed.
= 0.0527 .
2
π/4 [0.2] [0.45][750/60][1/2] x =VD/BP
= π/4 [0.2]2[0.35][4][250][1/2].
= 0.149 160
VD/BP = 0.0344 m3/ min-KW
rk= (1+C)/C
= 1 + 0.149 5. An engine has a power
0.149 output of 8.5hp with 70%
= 7.7 efficiency. What will be the kw/hp?
Registered to the meter.
e = 1- rk1-k
= 1 – 7.71-1.4 1HP= 0.746 KW
e = 0.5582 x 100 = 55.82% e= output/input
0.7= 0.746KW/1HP
Input
Input = 1.07
6. A 2500KW diesel engine unit PmB= 332.98KPa
uses 1bbl oil per 550kwh 8. In a double acting, 2 stroke
produced. Oil is 25°API. Efficiency compression ignition engine, 12
of generator 90%, mechanical cylinder, the diameter of the
efficiency of engine 83%. What is cylinder is 750mm, stroke is
the thermal efficiency of engine 1450mm and the piston rod
based on indicated power (%)? diameter is 240mm. When running
SG15.6 = 141.5 . at 120rpm, the indicated mean
131.5 + API effective pressure above and
= 141.5 . below the pistons are 6 bar and 5
131.5 + 25 bar respectively. Calculate the
= 0.904 brake power of the engine with a
mechanical efficiency of 80% in
ρ = m/v
kilowatts.
0.904kg/li = m .
[1bbl][42gal/bbl]
[3.785li/gal] IP1 =PmiVD
m= 143.73 kg = (6bar)(100KPa/1bar)[π/4(0.75)2
(1.45)(120/60)(12)]
QH = 41130+139.6[API] = 9224.50KW
= 41130+139.6[25]
QH = 44620 KJ/Kg IP=PmiVD
= (5bar) (100KPa/1bar)
ɳm = BP/IP ɳg =GO/BP [π/4 (0.752-0.242)(1.45)(120/60)(12)]
ɳm= GO/ɳg =6899.93KW
IP
0.83 = 500/0.9 e= BP/IP
IP
0.8 = BP/9224.5+6899.93
IP = 736.28 Kwh
BP = 12899.5 KW
e = IP/mfQh
= [736.28kwh][3600s/hr] . 9. Determine the output power
[143.73kg][44620KJ/Kg] of a diesel power plant if the
e = 0.4133 x 100 = 41.33% engine and generator efficiency is
80% and 96%, respectively. The
7. A single acting four cylinder engine uses 25°API fuel and has a
4 stroke cycle diesel engine with a fuel consumption of 0.08 kg/s.
bore x stroke of 22x28cm
operating at 375rpm, consumes QH = 41130 + 139.6API
9kg/hr of fuel whose heating value QH = 41130 + 139.6(25)
is 43,900KJ/kg. The indicated = 44620KJ/Kg
mean effective pressure is 500kpa. ɳm = BP/IP ɳg =GO/BP
The load on the brake arm, which ɳg= GO .
is 100cm, is 115kg. What is the ɳm IP
brake mean effective pressure in
kpa. 0.96 = GO .
0.8[0.08][44620]
BP = PmBVD
2π[115kg][0.00981KN/kg][375]= GO = 2741.45KW
PmB[π/4 (0.22)2 (0.28) (375/2) (4)]
10. A four cylinder stroke diesel
engine with 20cm bore and 25cm
stroke running at 1000rpm has a
reading of 350kpa mean effective
pressure in the indicator diagram.
Calculate the indicated power
generated in KW.
IP=PmiVD
= (350KPa)[π/4(0.22)(0.25)(1000/60
(2))(4)]
IP = 91.63KW
11. A prony brake for measuring
the power generated of a six
cylinder, two stroke diesel engines
running at 2000rpm indicates a
reading of 180N. The length of the
arm of the prony brake is 1.25m. In
an hour operation it consumes
14kg of fuel with a heating value of
53000KJ/kg. Determine the brake
thermal efficiency.g
eb= 2πTN/mfQh
2π[1.25m][0.18KN][2000/60]rps .
[14kg/1hr][1hr/3600s][53000KJ/Kg]
eb= 0.2286 x 100 = 22.86%
12. The following data are the
results on a test of an Otto cycle
engine torque= 1200N-m. Indicated
mean effective pressure= 800kpa,
fuel consumption=0.004kg/sec,
fuel heating value=43,816KJ/kg;
bore and stroke= 30cm x 32cm;
speed= 300rpm. Calculate the
brake mean effective pressure.
BP = PmBVD
2π [1200N-m] [1KN/1000N] [300] =
PmB[π/4 (0.3)2 (0.32) (300)]
PmB= 333.33KPa
13. A diesel engine consumed
400 liters of fuel having a density
of 860 gms/liter and a heating
value of 42500KJ/kg. If the thermal
efficiency is 35%, how many hp-
hrs will be generated?
e = GO/mfQh
0.35= GO [3600s] .
[400li][0.86kg/li][42500KJ/kg]
GO = (1421 KW-hr) (1HP/0.746KW)
GO = 1906.11 HP-hr
14. Determine the brake power
of an engine having a brake
thermal efficiency of 35% and
uses 25°API fuel with
consumption of 40kg/hr.
QH = 41130 + 139.6API
QH = 41130 + 139.6(25)
= 44620KJ/Kg
e = BP/mfQh
0.35 = BP .
[40kg/hr][hr/3600s]
[44620KJ/Kg]
BP= 173.52KW
15. A diesel engine develops a
torque of 5KN-m at 1800rpm. If the
brake thermal efficiency is 31%,
find the generated by fuel.
eb = BP/Qg
0.31 = 2π [5 KN-m] [1800/60]rps
Qg
Qg = 3040.25KW
16. A 500KW diesel engine load, the engines consumes 40kg
operates at 101.3kpa and 27°C in fuel having 44000 KJ/kg heating
Manila. If the engine will operate in value. If the torque developed is
Baguio having 93kpa and 23°C, 2.5 KN.m during the test at
what new brake power developed 600rpm, what is the brake thermal
if mechanical efficiency is 85%? efficiency?
e = BP/mfQh
m P .
1 =
V RT 2π [2.5 KN-m] [600/60]rps .
= 101.3. [40kg/hr][1hr/3600s][44000KJ/Kg]
0.287[23+273] e = 0.3213 x 100 = 32.31%
= 1.17 kg/m3
m P . 19. Find the power which a
2 =
V RT 2.81MW natural gas engine can
= 93 . developed at an altitude of
0.287[23+273] 1981.2m taking into consideration
= 1.09 kg/m3 the pressure change alone.
e= BP/IP
0.85 = 500/ IP Pe = Ps
IP = 588.24 KW = Ps [29.92 – h/1000]
[29.92]
IP1 ρ 1. 2.81 [29.92(1981/1000m)(3.281ft/m]
IP2 = ρ2 [29.92]
588.24 1.17 . Pe = 2.199MW
IP2 = 1.09
IP2= 547.34 20. A waste heat recovery boiler
produces 4.8MPa steam from
FP1 = FP2 104°C feedwater. The boiler
FP2 = IP – BP receives energy from 6kg/s of
88.24 = 547.34 – BP 954°C dry air. After passing
BP = 459.1 KW through a waste heal boiler, the
temperature of air is reduced to
17. A 50Bhp blast furnace 343°C. How much steam in kg/s
engine uses fuel with 10ft3/Bhp-hr. produced? Note: At 4.80MPa dry
The heating value of the gas is the saturated, h=2796.
33700KJ/m3. Determine the brake
thermal efficiency. hf = CpT
e = BP/mfQh = 4.187[104]
= 435.448 KJ/Kg
[50HP][0.746KW/1 HP] . mCpΔT = mf[hs-hf]
[50HP][10ft3/HP-hr] [1hr/3600s] 6[1][954-343] = mf[2796 – 435.45]
[1m3/3.281ft3] [33700KJ/m3] mf = 155kg/s
e = 0.2815 x 100 = 28.15%

21. A water brake coupled to an

18. During the dynamometer engine on test absorbs 90kw of
test of an engine for 1 hr steady power. Find the mass flow of
fresh water through the brake in
kg/min if the temperature increase
of the water is 12°C. Assume all
the heat generated is carried away
by the cooling water.
Q= mCpΔT
90 = m[4.187][12]
m = [1.79kg/s][60s/min]
m = 107.47 kg/min
22. A 350 HP diesel engine has a
cooling water that enters at 100°F
and leaves at 180°F with Cp= 4.19
KJ/kgK. Find the gallons per
minute of water required.
350 HP ≈ 260KW
100°F ≈ 37.78°C
180°F ≈ 82.22°C
Q=mCpΔT
260 = m [4.19] [82.22-37.78]
m= [1.4kg/s] [60s/min] [li/kg]
[gal/3.785li]
m = 22.22 gpm
23. A 310mm x 460mm four
stroke single diesel engine is
rated at 170kw at 280 rpm. Fuel
consumption at rated load is
0.28kg/kw-hr with a heating value
of 43,912 KJ/kg. Calculate brake
thermal efficiency.
e = BP/mfQh
e= 170KW .
[0.28kg/kw-hr][170KW]
[hr/3600s][43912KJ/Kg]
e = 0.2928 x 100 = 29.28%
24. A six cylinder four stroke
diesel engine with 76mm bore x
89mm stroke was run in the
laboratory at 1800 rpm, when it
was found that the engine torque
was 163.5N-m with all cylinders
firing but 133N-m when one
cylinder was out. The engine
consumed 12.5kg of fuel per hour
with a heating value of
52,120KJ/kg and 252kg of air at
15.6°C per hour. Determine the
indicated power.
BP = 2πTN
= 2π(163.5/1000)(1800/60)
= 30.82KW
FP = 30.82 (5/6) - 2π [133/1000]
[1800/60]
= 0.613(6)
= 3.68 KW
FP = IP – BP
3.68 = IP – 30.82
IP = 34.5 KW
25. A car engine produces an
average of 25kw of power in a
period of 10 min during which
1.25kg of gasoline is consumed. If
the heating value of gasoline is
43,000KJ/kg, the efficiency of this
engine during this period is:
e = BP/mfQh
e= 25KW .
[1.25kg/10min]
[min/60s][43000KJ/Kg]
e = 0.279 x 100 = 27.9%
26. A 4 liter (2 liter per
revolution at standard pressure
and temperature) spark ignition
has a compression ratio of 8 and
2000 KJ/kg heat addition by the length is 120kg. What is the brake
fluid combustion. Considering a mean effective pressure in kpa?
cold air standard Otto cycle
model, how much power will the BP = PmBVD
engine produce when operating at 2π[120kg][0.00981KN/kg][1.016m]
2500rpm? [1200] = PmB[π/4 (0.1524)2 (0.2286)
(8)(1200/2)]
e = 1 – rk1-k PmB= 450.53KPa
= 1 – 81-1.4
= 0.5647 29. A gasoline engine generates
250kw while consuming 0.018kg/s
V = 2li/rev x 2500rev/min x min/60s of fuel. The friction power is 25kw.
= 83.33li/s The higher heating value of fuel is
ρ = m/v 44,000KJ/kg. Calculate the
1.2 kg/m3=[m/83.33li/s][1m3/1000li] indicated thermal efficiency.
m = 0.1 kg/s
FP = IP – BP
25 = IP – 250
e = W/QA
IP = 275 KW
0.5647 = W.
[0.1][2000]
e = IP/mfQh
= 275.
W = 112.94 KW [1 HP/0.746KW]
[0.018][44000]
W = 151.26 HP
e = 0.347 x 100 = 34.7%
27. A pure diesel cycle operates
with a compression ratio of 2.5,
what is the rate of heat input in 30. Calculate the volumetric
KJ/s required for this cycle to efficiency of a four stroke, six
produce 300HP? cylinder car engine of 8.5cm bore
and 9.5cm stroke running at
e = 1 – (1/rk1-k) 2000rpm with 2.0m3/min of
[ rck -1.
k (rc– 1)
] entering air.

ev = Va/VD

[ ] = 2 .
1.4-1
e= 1–(1/15 ) 1.4
2.5 -1.
2
1.4 (2.5– 1) π/4 (0.085) (0.095)(6)(2000/2)
ev = 0.62 x 100 = 62%
e = 0.5798

e=W
QA
0.5798 = 300HP/QA
QA= 517.41 HP x (0.746kW/1HP)
QA= 386 KW
28. A 15.24cm x 22.86cm single 31. A single acting, six-cylinder,
acting, 8 cylinder, 4 stroke diesel 4 stroke cycle diesel engine 20.54
engine operates at 1200 rpm. The by 24.49 cm, operating at 280rpm,
load on the brake arm is 101.6cm consumes 9 kg/hr of fuel whose
heating value is 43,961.4KJ/kg. power in kilowatt developed by the
The indicated mean effective engine at this elevation.
pressure is 470Kpa. The load on
1700 m ≈ 5577.7ft
the brake arm, which is 94.36cm is
115kg. Determine the engine heat T = 520 – (3.6h/1000)
rate. = 520 – 3.6(5577.7)
1000
HR = mfQh/BP = 499.92
= 9kg/hr][3600][43961.4]KJ/Kg .
2π[115kg][0.00981KN/kg] B = 29.92 – (h/1000)
[0.9436m][280/60]rps = 29.92 – 5577.7
1000
HR = 4563258.75 KJ/hr-KW = 24.34

32. Determine the power P = Pe[B/29.92][√T/520]

delivered in kilowatt of an engine = 1000kw[24.34/29.92][√499.92/520]
having a brake mean effective Pe = 797.64 KW
pressure of 109psi, 80%
mechanical efficiency, 77%
34. A 1000kw diesel engine
volumetric efficiency considering
operates at an altitude of 1500m
that mass flow rate of air is 1kg/s
elevation. Consider the pressure
and all are at STP.
effect alone, find the power
ρ = m/v developed by the engine at this
elevation?
1.2kg/m3= 1kg/s
V Pe = Ps[B/29.92]
3
V = 0.83m /s

ev= Va/VD
0.77 = 0.83/VD
VD= 1.08
1000 ( (29.92 [(1500*3.281)/1000])
29.92
)
Pe = 835.51KW
e = BP/IP
35. A 13.29 cm x 20.64cm single
0.8 = [1.08 m3/s][109psi] 101.325 acting, 8 cylinder, 4 stroke diesel
________________________
14.7 engine operates at 1200 rpm. The
IP load on the brake arm is 101.6cm
length is 120kg. Determine the
IP = 1016.4 KW piston speed.

Ps = 2LN
= 2[0.2064m][1200/2(60)]rps
Ps = 4.13 m/s

33. A 1 megawatt diesel engine 36. A single acting, six-cylinder,

operates at an altitude of 1700m 4 stroke cycle diesel engine 20.54
elevation. Consider the pressure by 24.49 cm, operating at 280rpm,
and temperature effect, find the consumes 9 kg/hr of fuel whose
heating value is 43,961.4KJ/kg. water that is pumped through the
The indicated mean effective water jacket and the radiator. The
pressure is 470Kpa. The load on water enters the top of the radiator
the brake arm, which is 94.36cm is at 200°F. At that temperature,
115kg. Determine the engine enthalpy of water is 168.07 BTU/lb.
specific fuel consumption. Water leaves the bottom of the
radiator at 190°F and with an
SFC = mf (3600) enthalpy of 158.03 BTU/lb. What is
BP the water flow rate for a steady-
= 9kg/hr (3600) . state operation?
2π[115kg][0.00981KN/kg]
[0.9436m][280/60]rps Q = m(h1-h2)
(55 HP) (42.42 BTU/ 1 HP) = m
SFC = 1038.01 kg/KW-hr (168.07 – 158.03) BTU/lb
m = 232.38 lb/min
37. A six cylinder four stroke
diesel engine with 76mm bore x ρ = m/v
89mm stroke consumed 12.5 kg of 62.4 = 232.38/v
fuel per hour with a heating value v = (3.72 ft3/min) (7.481 gal/1 ft3)
of 52,120KJ/kg and 252kg of air at v = 27.85 gpm
15.6°C per hour. If the generator
efficiency is 90% with 28 poles, 39. A standard cycle for
determine the generator speed. gasoline engine has a
compression ratio of 8. The initial
N = 120f pressure and temperature are
P 100kpa and 25°C. If the heat added
= 120(60Hz) is 1950KJ/kg, what is the
28 poles temperature after isentropic
N = 257.14 rpm expansion?

rkk-1 = T2
T1
1.4-1
8 = T2 .
25+273
T2 = 684.62K
QA = mCpΔT
1950 = 0.716(T3 – 684.62)
T3 = 3408.09K

rkk-1 = T3
T4
1.4-1
8 = 3408.09 .
T4
T4 = 1483.46K
38. In a test laboratory, it was 40. If the pressure at the
found out that of the 80PBhp beginning and end of compression
developed by an engine on test, in an Otto cycle engine are 1
55Hp are absorbed by the cooling kg/cm2 and 9kg/cm2, respectively.
The air standard efficiency will be
nearly? Pe = Ps[B/29.92]

(P2) k-1/k
(P1) = rkk-1 ( 29.92 - 1981.2[3.281] )
(9) 1.4-1/1.4 =3 1 .
(1) = rk1.4-1 ( 29.92 )
rk = 4.8 Pe = 2.35 MW

e = 1 – rk1-k 43. Find the power which a 3MW

e = 1 – 4.81-1.4 natural gas engine can developed
e = 0.4662 x 100 = 46.62% at an altitude of 1981.1m if the
temperature is in effect alone.
41. A certain diesel engine with
the following specifications, 8
cylinder, 400mmx600mm, four Pe = Ps[√(T/520)]
stroke cycle has a fuel
consumption of 0.65lb/hp-hr based
520 - 3.6(1981.2)(3.281)

√
on 19100Btu/lb. Engine speed is 1000
=3
280 rpm with an indicated mean
520
effective pressure of 150psi. If the
jacket water carries away an
estimated 25% of the heat Pe = 2.93 MW
supplied, find the capacity
required if the allowable rise is
40°F? 44. A single acting, six-cylinder,
4 stroke cycle diesel engine 20.54
IP = VDPmi by 24.49cm, operating at 280rpm,
= [π/4 (0.42) (0.6) (8) (280/60(2)] consumes 9 kg.hr of fuel whose
[150(101.325/14.7)] heating value is 43,961.4KJ/kg.
IP = 1455.18 KW ≈ 1951.44 HP The indicated mean effective
pressure is 470kpa. The load on
Qg = mfQh the brake arm, which is 94.36cm is
= [0.65][1951.44][19100][1/60] 115kg. Find the power delivered?
= 403784.60BTU/min
IP = PmiVD
= [470] [π/4 (0.20542) (0.2449)(6)
QA = mCpΔT (280/60(2)]
0.25[403784.60] = m[1][40]
IP = 53.396 KW
m = 2533.65 BTU/min

ρ = m/v
62.4 = 2533.65/v
v = (40 ft3/min) (7.481 gal/1 ft3)
v = 302.55 gpm
45. In a double acting, 4 stroke
42. Find the power which a 3MW
compression ignition engine, 8-
natural gas engine can developed
cylinder, the diameter of the
at an altitude of 1981.1m if the
cylinder is 700mm, stroke is
pressure is in effect alone.
1350mm and the piston rod
diameter is 250mm. When running single acting, 45mmX55mm, four
at 108rpm, the indicated mean stroke engine runs at 4500 rpm.
effective pressure above and The mass flow rate of air per
below the pistons are 5.80bar and seconds is 0.01kg. What is the
4.90bar respectively. Caalculate volumetric efficiency of the
the brake power of the engine with engine?
a mechanical efficiency of 80% in
Va = mRT/P
kilowatts.
= (0.01)(0.287)(28+273)
IP1 = PmiVD 95
= [5.8bar] [100kpa/1bar] [π/4 = 0.0091 m3/s
(0.72)(1.35)(8)180/60(2)]
= 2169.60 KW e = Va / VD
= 0.0091 .
IP2 = PmiVD
= [4.9bar] [100kpa/1bar] [π/4 4500
π/4(0.045)2(0.055)(4)
(0.7 – 0.252)(1.35)(8)180/60(2)] 60(2)
= 1599.14 KW
e = 0.693 x 100 = 69.3%
e = BP/IP
48. A 20cm x 36 cm, twin
0.8 = BP . cylinder four stroke cycle diesel
2169.6 + 1599.14 engine running at 750 rpm. The
BP = 3015 KW engine rate is 110kw. Determine
the engine displacement in cubic
46. An engine burns a liter of centimeter per second per brake
fuel each 12 minutes. The fuel has horsepower.
specific gravity of 0.8, and a
heating value of 55Mj/kg. The VD = π/4(20)2(36)(2)(750/60[2])
engine has an efficiency of BP (110 KW)(1HP/0.746KW)
26%.What is the brake horsepower
of the engine? VD = 958.8 cm3/HP-s
BP
e = BP/IP

0.26 = BP .
bb ( 1li ) .(0.8kg) ( 1li ) .
(12min) ( li ) (12min)
(55000 KJ) (1min).
( kg ) ( 60s )

BP = 15.88 KW ≈ 21.3 HP

49. A 2MW diesel engine unit

47. Air enters the cylinder of an uses 1bbl of oil per 550 kw-hr
internal combustion engine at an produced. Oil is 26° API. Efficiency
initial pressure and temperature of of generator is 93% and
95kpa and 28°C. A four cylinders, mechanical efficiency of engine is
80%. What is the thermal stroke, the clearance volume is 9%
efficiency of the engine based on of the stroke.
indicated power.
V2 = 0.09
SG = 141.5 .
VD
131.5 + API
V2 = 0.09VD
= 141.5 .
V3 – V2 = 0.07VD
131.5 + 26
V3 = 0.07VD + V2
= 0.898
V3 = 0.07VD + 0.09VD
ρ = m/v V3 = 0.16VD
0.904kg/li = m .
[1bbl][42gal/bbl] VD = V1 – V2
[3.785li/gal] V1 = VD + V2
m= 142.82 kg = VD + 0.09VD
V1 = 1.09VD
QH = 41130+139.6[API] rk = V1 = 1.09VD = 12.11
= 41130+139.6[26] V2 0.09VD
QH = 44759.6 rc = V3 = 0.16VD = 1.78
ɳm = BP/IP ɳg =GO/BP V2 0.09VD
ɳm= GO/ɳg
IP e = 1 – 1/ (rk1-k)] [(rck – 1)/k (rc – 1)]
0.83 = 550/0.93
IP = 1 – 1/ (12.111-1.4)]
IP = 739.24 Kwh [(1.781.4 – 1)/1.4 (1.78 – 1)]
e = 0.5805 x 100 = 58.08%
e = IP/mfQh
= [739.24][3600s] .
[142.82][44759.6]
e = 0.416 x 100 = 41.6%

50. Determine the air standard

efficiency of an engine operating
on the diesel cycle when the
suction pressure is 99.97kpa and
the fuel is injected for 7% of the