1

For
Examiner's
Centre Number Candidate Number Candidate Name Use

NAMIBIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE

AGRICULTURE 4321/2
PAPER 2 2 hours

Marks: 110 2008

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES

• Write your Centre number and candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
• Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the question paper.
• You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
• Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

• Answer all questions from Section A.

• Answer only two questions from Section B.
• For Section B, write your answers in the booklet on the spaces provided.
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiner's Use

Section A

Section B

Question

Question

Total

This document consists of 12 printed pages and 4 answer sheets for Section B.

Republic of Namibia
© MoE/DNEA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION [Turn over
4321/2/08
[Turn over
 2

SECTION A For
Examiner's
Use
1 (a) Name an animal used to provide the following:
Use each animal once only.

1 transport .........................................................................................................
2 clothing ...........................................................................................................
3 milk ................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) (i) Name a cereal crop grown in Namibia.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State two main parts of a balanced ration that are obtained from cereal
crops.

1 .....................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The following bar chart indicates different products contributing to the total
income (GDP) from farming in Namibia for the year 2001.
25

20
contribution to total income %

KEY

pelts
15
field crops

cattle
10
game

product
(i) Which product contributed the highest income to Namibia in 2001?

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the total contribution of pelts and game to the economy?

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) In 2001, 1% (one percent) of GDP in Namibia was worth N$5 000.
Calculate the contribution to the GDP of field crops.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
[9]
4321/2/08
 3

2 (a) The diagrams show different components of soil. For

Examiner's
Use
A B C

(i) Identify the components labelled A, B and C.

A .....................................................................................................................
B .....................................................................................................................
C..................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State the component on which weathering occurs.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Explain how the following contribute to soil formation.

micro-organisms.............................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
flowing water ..................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Describe how crumb structured soil benefits the crops.

.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
[10]

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 4

3 (a) The diagram shows some root cells and a root hair in the soil. For
Examiner's
Use

soil particles

water goes
into xylem
vessels in
the root

soil particle
root hair

(i) By what process does water pass from the soil into the root hair cell?

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State two features of the root hair that help carry out this process.

1 .....................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain what is meant by the terms

(i) turgor ...............................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
(ii) plasmolysis .....................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................[4]

4321/2/08
 5

(c) The table shows the rate of transpiration measured as the rate of water loss For
Examiner's
from a bean plant at increasing temperatures. Use

temperature °C rate of water loss (mg/minute)

5 5
10 10
20 25
30 60
35 85
40 90
45 95

State a conclusion that can be made from this data.

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) Suggest how a farmer might reduce the rate of water loss from crops in a
garden plot.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
[10]

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 6

4 (a) The diagram shows two root crops. For

Examiner's
Use

(i) Name the process by which these plants make their food.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain how the food gets from the leaves to the storage organs.

.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Name a root crop that you have studied. .............................................................

(i) State the climatic conditions needed for growing this root crop.

.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe the method to be followed when planting this root crop.

.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Discuss the importance of cultivar selection in crop production.

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
[9]

4321/2/08
 7

5 (a) The table shows the daily intake of water by three ruminants. For
Examiner's
Use

animal daily water intake (litres)

Dairy cow 50 - 80

Sheep (ram) 5 - 10

Milking goat 5 - 30

(i) State two uses of water in a ruminant's body.

1 .....................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest a reason for the difference in water intake between the cow and
the other ruminants.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Suggest a reason for the difference in water intake between the ram and
the milking goat.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Explain what is meant by the terms
production ration

.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
maintenance ration
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [4]
(ii) What type of ration should be fed to the following:

1 A bull after mating season ........................................................................

2 A cow recovering from sickness ...............................................................
3 A lactating cow ......................................................................................... [3]
[11]

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 8

6 The diagram shows semen being collected from a bull for artificial insemination. For
Examiner's
Use

artificial vagina

(a) (i) Define artificial insemination.

.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State two signs that indicate that a cow is on heat and ready for
insemination.

.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) State a hormone that encourages sexual desire in bulls.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Suggest two reasons why artificial insemination is widely preferred.

.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The diagram shows a genetic cross between a black bull and a black cow.
Key: B = dominant allele for black; b = recessive allele for brown
Bull Cow
Bb x Bb

(i) Complete the genetic diagram above to show the gametes, the
genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. [3]
4321/2/08
 9

(ii) What percentage of the offspring is black? For

Examiner's
Use
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Using this information suggest how a farmer could breed a herd of
brown cows.

.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
[12]

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 10

7 (a) The diagram shows a farm structure. For

Examiner's
Use

trough

standing place
food store (concrete)
dung passage
(concrete)

(i) Name this structure.

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State two advantages of a concrete floor.

1 .....................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) State two advantages of a roof which is thatched.

1 .....................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Suggest a reason why the roof of this farm structure has a steep slope.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Explain why and how wooden posts are treated before they are used for
fencing.

Why:......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
How: ......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [3]
[9]

4321/2/08
 11

8 (a) List two types of farm records. For

Examiner's
Use

1 ............................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Describe the importance of farm records.

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Explain what is meant by the term 'diminishing returns'.

..............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) The table shows the milk yield for one day in November.

cow number morning yield afternoon yield total yield

(litres) (litres) (litres)

A 12 8

B 6 2

C 8 10

(i) Which cow gave the highest yield?

....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the milk production as an average of all three cows per day.

Answer: ........................ [1]

(iii) Suggest a reason for the difference in yield between Cow B and Cow C.

.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [1]
[10]

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 12

SECTION B For
Examiner's
Use
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
Use labelled or annotated diagrams where they can help to make your answers more
understandable.

9 (a) Discuss the reasons why it is necessary for a farmer to drain waterlogged soil. [3]
(b) Describe the ways in which a farmer could drain waterlogged soil. [5]
(c) Explain how the soil pH can be influenced by leaching and poor farm
management. [4]
(d) Suggest how good land management will enable the farmer to improve
the soil pH and availability of nutrients. [3]
[15]

10 (a) Describe the harmful effects that weeds might have on crops. [6]
(b) Explain how weeds in crops are controlled by
(i) cultural methods
(ii) mechanical methods. [6]

(c) Discuss the disadvantages of using chemicals to control weeds. [3]

[15]

11 (a) Describe the ways in which water can be obtained on the farm. [5]
(b) Discuss ways of conserving water. [5]
(c) Explain how a water pump works to bring water up in a well. [5]
[15]

12 (a) Describe what is meant by the terms stocking rate and carrying capacity. [4]
(b) Explain the dangers of overstocking to the
(i) environment,
(ii) farm finances. [6]
(c) (i) Discuss the meaning of a farm budget and its importance to the farmer.
(ii) Draw up a simple farm budget to include the major items recorded on most
farms. [5]

[15]
[TOTAL: 110]

4321/2/08
 13

Answer sheets for Section B For

Examiner's
Use

..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 14

For
Examiner's
Use
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

4321/2/08
 15

For
Examiner's
Use
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

4321/2/08
[Turn over
 16

For
Examiner's
Use
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................

4321/2/08