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JE MONDEJAR COMPUTER COLLEGE

BRGY. 71 Naga-Naga
TACLOBAN, CITY
A.Y 2022-2023

Program Title:
Subject: MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY
Topic/s: Energy: Heat, Light and Sound
Module/s: 3

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

a. Identify different types of energy in daily life such as light, , heat and sound.
b. List the uses of light, heat and sound energy in our daily lives.

LESSON PROPER

ENERGY - HEAT, LIGHT, AND SOUND

HEAT

If you go camping, you usually build a fire to sit around at night. You may make more, have hot
chocolate and stay warm. Have you ever wondered why a marshmallow cooks without touching the
flame, why the smoke rises, or why water in a pan boils? Heat can move from one object to another in
three different ways: conduction, convection and radiation.

CONDUCTION

is the heat transfer through a substance or from a substance to another by direct contact. Everything is
made up of small particles. When the particles are moving faster, there is more energy and the
temperature is higher. As fast-moving particles touch slow-moving particles, the energy is transferred.
This causes slower particles to speed up and the faster particles to slow down. You can demonstrate
this by rubbing your hands together very fast for 30 seconds. Now touch them to your ears. Can you
feel the heat transfer from your hands to your ears? As your ears warm, your hands will cool until the
particles in each are moving at the same speed.

Another example of conduction is a pan on the stove. The stove is heated by gas or electricity. Then the
pan gets hot. Substances that transfer heat better than others are conductors. Can you think of other
examples of conductors? Insulators are substances that do not conduct heat easily.Glass, wood, plastic
and rubber are all insulators. Pans have plastic or wood handles to keep the pan from conducting heat
to your hand and burning it. Can you think
of other examples of insulators?

CONVECTION
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is the heat transfer in liquids and gases as particles circulate in currents. This transfer of
energy causes warm substances to rise and cool ones to sink. In heat transfer by convection,
the particles in a liquid or gas speed up as they are heated. This causes the particles to move
apart and the substance becomes lighter. As the heated substance rises, the cooler, heavier
substance moves down. These currents
exchange heat through this movement.

RADIATION

is the transfer of heat through space in the form of waves. The heat we receive from the sun is
radiant heat. Radiant heat travels as waves through space. Heat waves hit Earth and cause
warming. Our atmosphere traps the warmth. Your house gets warm when the sun's waves or
rays travel through a window and are trapped in your house, warming it. Heat waves are
invisible. All warm objects radiate or give off heat waves. Some other examples of radiation
are the heat surrounding a fire, the heat given off by an electric heater, and the heat near a hot
oven.

LIGHT

Light energy is a kind of kinetic energy with the ability to make types of light visible to
human eyes.  Light is defined as a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by hot objects
like lasers, bulbs, and the sun.

Light energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by the human eye. But
there are also many commercial and scientific uses of light energy, some of which are listed
below.

Food
Light is the only source of food generation for all living organisms. Every organism is
dependent on light for its energy and food except a few chemo-trophic organisms such as
bacteria.
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Vision
Any organism can view the objects around them due to the presence of eyes. But these
might be useless without light. The eyes receive the image when light falls on them, and the
information is sent to the brain. Hence, light lets us see objects around us.

Colours
The whole world is beautiful due to colours, and all these colours are possible due to
light. The light consists of many spectra; every spectrum has an individual colour, broadly
specified as VIBGYOR.

SOUND

Sound energy is the movement of energy through a substance in waves.

In simple terms, sound energy comes from vibrations moving through something. Solids,
liquids, and gases all transmit sound as energy waves.Sound energy is the result when a force,
either sound or pressure, makes an object or substance vibrate. That energy moves through
the substance in waves. Those sound waves are called kinetic mechanical energy.

How does sound energy travel?

Sound energy travels in the form of waves. Unlike light energy, sound cannot travel through a
vacuum, because there are no atoms to transmit the vibration.

Sound can be transmitted by solids, liquids and gases, as these all have atoms to pass on the
vibrations.

What are some examples of sound energy?

Why are Sound waves called Mechanical waves?

Sound waves are sometimes called mechanical waves because sound waves require a physical
medium to propagate. Liquids, gases, or solid materials transfer the pressure variations,
creating mechanical energy in waves.

Like all waves, sound waves have peaks and valleys. The peaks are called compression, while
rarefaction is the term used for the lows.
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The oscillations between compression and rarefaction move through gaseous, liquid, or solid
media to produce energy. The number of compression/rarefaction cycles in a given period
determines the frequency of a sound wave.

Scientists measure sound energy’s intensity and pressure in Pascals and decibels. Sound
waves are also sometimes called pressure waves because the pressure of the sound wave
moves the particles through which it passes.

How are sound waves measured ?

Wavelength, period, amplitude, and frequency are the four primary parts of a sound wave,
regardless of the wave type and the medium through which the sound travels.

 Wavelength: Imagine a wave traveling along a horizontal axis; in that case, the

wavelength is measured as the horizontal distance between two successive and
equivalent points on the wave. Thus, in basic terms, a single wavelength is one cycle
between the two equal points.
 Period: A wavelength period is the time it takes a single wavelength to pass a certain
point. Generally, a more extended period indicates a lower pitch.
 Amplitude: We measure sound amplitude (strength or level of sound pressure) by the
height of the sound wave. It’s related to the relative volume of the sound. When the
wave’s amplitude is significant — as from a loud sound — the wave is high. The reverse
is also true; softer sounds produce waves with a smaller amplitude. Lower volume
equates to lower decibel (dB) levels; a decibel measures sound intensity. Zero decibels
equates to the quietest sounds a human ear can hear. Decibels increase by a factor of six.
A normal speaking voice is 60 dB.
 Frequency: Hertz (Hz) measures a sound wave’s frequency. Hertz measures a sound
wave’s cycles per second that pass a set point on the horizontal axis. (Remember, each
process has one compression and one rarefaction.) The frequency sound waves are
measured in hertz. Therefore, Hertz (Hz) indicates the number of cycles per second that
pass a given location. For example, if, while speaking, your diaphragm vibrates at 900
Hz, your diaphragm generates 900 compression (increased pressure) and 900 rare
factions (decreased pressure). Pitch is a function of how the brain interprets sound
frequency. A higher pitch is the result of higher frequency; lower frequency translates as
lower pitch.
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Do Sound Waves Share Characteristics and Behaviors?

In addition to a wave’s primary constituents — frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and

frequency — scientists categorize waves based on three distinguishing characteristics:
longitudinal, transverse, and surface movement.

Using the movement of a medium’s particles relative to the direction of travel is a standard
method for distinguishing the kind of wave.

To understand transverse waves, we’ll talk about the Slinky again. Consider a Slinky’s
movement as your hand alternates up and down. The energy of this “activated” Slinky moves
vertically along the direction of travel, displacing the coils (which, in this case, represent
wave particles) up and down.

Types of transverse waves include:

 Vibrations in a guitar string
 Sports fans standing up and sitting down in a synchronization wave around a sports
stadium
 Electromagnetic waves, such as light and radio waves

On the other hand, longitudinal waves move the wave’s energy right or left along the wave’s
horizontal axis. So our Slinky, when stretched out horizontally and pulsed horizontally like an
accordion, will pulse horizontally along its left-right direction of travel parallel to the wave’s
axis.

Sound waves are longitudinal waves, as are ultrasound waves, and seismic P-waves. The
chief characteristic of a surface wave is its particles’ circular motion. Only the particles on the
medium’s surface move circularly; the movement decreases as the particles move away from
the surface.

EVALUATION
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Direction: Answer the ff. Questions, Write your answer on your OFFICIAL
ANSWER SHEET. (5pts each) Maximum of 200 words

1. How do we use heat energy?

2. How do we use light energy?
3. How do we use sound energy?

Identify the ff. (2pts each)

1. The type of energy use to warm foods.

2. Animals to communicate with each other.
3. Energy that we can see
4. The ability to do work.
5. What kind of energy is produced when a candle is lit?

Prepared by:

FREDERICK NORADA LIPON

Instructor