JE MONDEJAR COMPUTER COLLEGE

BRGY. 71 NAGA-NAGA
TACLOBAN, CITY

Program Title:
Subject: MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY
Topic/s: NUMBERS AND MEASUREMENTS
Module: 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Define and Discuss the History of numbers and measurements

b. Identify the types of numbers and Measurements
c. Value the importance of numbers and measurements in everyday life.

WHAT ARE NUMBER?

A number is an arithmetic value used to represent quantity. Hence, a number is a

mathematical concept used to count, measure, and label. Thus, numbers form the basis of
mathematics. For example: This is 1 butterfly and these are 4 butterflies.

HISTORY OF NUMBERS

The inscriptions found at archaeological sites show that early humans used various
symbols to show numbers. For example, ancient farmers, traders, and merchants used tally marks
to show quantities. In tally marks, a standing line is drawn for each count and the fifth count is
shown by striking off the four lines. This, however, was a tedious way and it was not feasible to show
quantities.

Different ways of writing numbers were brought to use with the development of early
civilizations. They used different symbols to show larger quantities. But even with these systems,
it was not easy to show large quantities.

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 Around the seventh century, a decimal (or base ten) positional method, was perfected in
India. This method used ten unique symbols to represent any number or quantity. These symbols
are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6, 7, 8, and 9.
This system was spread across Europe by the Arab merchants, scholars, and conquerors.
This system is called the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, and it remains the most common system
for representing numbers to date.
NUMBERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Numbers are used everywhere around us. Your birthday has numbers that tell the day,
month, and year you were born. Numbers are used to keep track of time. We use clocks that show
us time. We plan our day and events according to time. Numbers are involved in buying and selling
too. To count money and the units of an item, we use numbers. Numbers are used for measurement.
Temperature, weight, length, capacity, speed, distance, area, volume, and so on are measured
using numbers. Numbers play an important role in our body too. We have 2 eyes, 2 ears, 1 nose, 2
hands, 2 legs, and an adult body has 206 bones. Our houses have numbers, bank accounts have
numbers, and so do our cars, buses, trains, and flights.

NUMBER REPRESENTATION

1. DIGITS (0-9)
A number system is a writing system for denoting numbers using digits or symbols in a logical
manner. We use the digits from 0 to 9 to form all other numbers. With the help of these digits, we
can create infinite numbers.
For example, 121; 34,987; 2,987,633; 459,227,904; …

2. ALPHABETICAL FORM OF NUMBER

Number words are the alphabetical form of numbers. As the name suggests, these are
numbers written in words.
For example: 1 (One) 2 (Two) 3 Three

3. SYMBOLICALLY, USING NUMERALS

Numerical symbols are numerals, such as Hindu-Arabic numerals (for example: 112, 415, 999)
or Roman numerals (I, II, V, VIII).

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CARDINAL NUMBERS AND ORDINAL NUMBERS

Cardinal numbers are counting numbers. The numbers that we use for counting are called cardinal
numbers. Cardinal numbers tell us how many things, items, or objects are there.

Example: 1, 2, 10, 158

Ordinal numbers give us the exact position of a thing, item, or an object in the list. Ordinal numbers
tell the position of an object rather than its quantity.

Example: 1st, 2nd 3rd, 4th

TYPES OF NUMBERS

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 Apart from the above, there exist other numbers, namely even and odd numbers, prime
numbers, and composite numbers. These can be defined as follows:

FRACTION AND DECIMAL NUMBERS

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MEASUREMENTS

Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount of something.

1. LENGTH - is how far from end to end. Also called Distance.

The length of this guitar is about 1 meter (slightly more than 1

yard).

2. AREA - is the size of a surface: how much is inside the

boundary of a flat (2-dimensional) object such as a triangle or circle.

Here Ariel the Dog is waiting patiently inside 1 square meter.

3. VOLUME - is the amount of 3-dimensional space an object occupies. Also called Capacity.

This jug has exactly 1 liter of water in it (slightly more than 2 pints)

4. MASS (WEIGHT) - Mass is how much matter something contains.

This bar of Gold has a Mass of 1 kilogram

(slightly more than 2 pounds)

(Weight is "Heaviness" ... the downward force caused by

gravity on an object.)

5. TEMPERATURE - How hot or cold a thing is. Temperature is measured using a

thermometer, usually in the Celsius or Fahrenheit scale.

This block of ice would measure 0° Celsius, or 32°

Fahrenheit

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 6. TIME - Time is the ongoing sequence of events taking place. We measure time using
seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years.

There are lots of other things we can measure, but those are the
most common.

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS

Two main system of measurements:

1. METRIC SYSTEM (Meters, Kilogram, liters, etc.)

2. US STANDARD UNITS (feet, pounds, pints, etc.)

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT

Years ago people came up with standard length measures, but they didn't all agree on one
system. The Imperial System (which uses yards, feet, inches, etc. to measure length) was
developed over hundreds of years in the UK. Then the French came up with the Metric
System (origins in 1670, but developed in the 1790s), which soon spread through Europe, and then
most of the world, even to England itself in 1965.

The USA developed their own version of the Imperial system (US Standard Units), but the
Metric System is also used in the USA, particularly in Science.

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EVALUATION

NUMBERS
Solved Examples on Numbers. Write your answer on your OFFICIAL ANSWER SHEET.

1. Classify the given set of numbers as fractions or decimals.

7/12, 0.0008, 1.52, 100/10, 4 ½, 7555.0

2. Write the numerator and denominator of given rational numbers.

17/21, 4/5, 25/22

3. Write the numbers in words
a. 2567 b. 86745 c. 1856

MEASUREMENTS (Show your solution)

1. Maria purchased 24 m 25 cm rope and Nancy purchased 17 m 15 cm rope. What

is the total length of ropes both of them purchased?
2. Mary is 1 m 15 cm tall. Her friend Larry is 1 m 30 cm tall. Who is taller and by
how much?

” When we improve our education and continue to learn, we can foster new connections, increase
our marketable skills, and understand people better.”

Prepared by:

FREDERICK NORADA LIPON

Instructor

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