ACIDS AND ALKALI

16 12 2021
Nancy Luo Yr 11 Tony
ALKALIS
common alkalis:

Lithium(Li)
COMMON CHARACTERISTIS OF ALKALIS
Sodium(Na)
- Alkali has soft surface, shiny silvery colour.
Potassium(K) - Alkalies are strong bases that turn litmus paper from red to blue.
- Alkalis only behave as alkalis when they are dissolved in water
- Alkalis are present in many cleaning susbtances in use in our homes. Kitchen cleaners
Rubidium(Rb)
are alkaline because they contain ammonia or sodium hydroxide, which helps us get rid
of the grease.
Celsium(Cs) - They are very reactive with air and moisture. Because of that, it’s stored in oil inorder
to
Francium(Fr) - Very soft, they are sofly enough to be cut with a knife.
 ACIDS AND
BASES
- Acids have a sour taste. Lemons,
Sulfuric acid vinegar, and sour candies all contain acids.
Hydrocloric
- Acids tastes sour, while bases tastes
acid bitter.
Nitric acid
- Acids has a pH<7, bases has a pH>7
Lactic acid
Acetic acid
APPARATUS NEEDED
universal indicator paper
measuring cylinder

glass rod

beaker

spatula
- VARIABLES THAT
SHOULD
BE CONTROLED DURING
THIS INVESTIGATION :
- Starting pH
- volume of acid solution
- temperature of acid solution
- room temperature
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE AND
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
- types of indigestion
remedy
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
- the time taken
METHODS
I used 10mm of hydrocloric acid.

1.Add hydrochloric acid to a beaker using a

measuring cylinder.
2.Put a clean glass rod into the beaker which contains
hydrochloric acid. Transfer a drop of acid using the glass rod
3.Add a spatula of to a piece of universal indicator paper on a white tile. Wait 30
calcium hydroxide seconds, then match the colour to a pH colour chart.
powder to the beaker.
4.Stir clockwise using the
glass rod, then estimate and
5.Repeat steps 3 and 4 until
record the pH of the mixture,
there are no more changes in repeat step 2.
pH.
TABLE AND EXPLANATIONS 10mm of hydrocloric acid used

PH value
first spatula doesn’t have

acids
colour much change

the biggest change is from the

third spatula to the fourth
spatula

alkalis
didn’t reach PH value 14th when
the 7th spatula is added

I used 7 spatulas of calcium hydroxide

powder