ACIDS, ALKALIS AND SALTS

BY:IMAM G7C
A. OBJECTIVES
1. ABLE TO UNDERSTAND ACIDS AND ALKALIS SOLUTION
2. ABLE TO DETERMINE WETHER A SOLUTION IS AN ACID, ALKALI OR
NEUTRAL SOLUTION USING NATURAL INDICATOR, LITMUS PAPER
AND pH scale.

B. FUNDAMENTAL THEORY

An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes

sour, turns blue litmus red and neutralizes bases.  A substance is
called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus
blue or neutralizes acids.Salt is a neutral substance whose
aqueous solution does not affect litmus

C. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL: VINEGAR, COKE, RED CABBAGE, SSOAP, ORNGE JUICE,

DETERGENT, TOOTH PASTE, COFFEE, MILK, SALT, ACCUMULATOR ATER,
HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, WATER

EQUIPMENTS:BEAKER GLASS, PIPPETTE, MORTAR AAND PESTLE, 12 WELL

PLATE, LITMUS PAPER (RED AND BLUE), UNIVERSAL INDICATOR

D. PROCEDURES

USING NATURAL INDICATOR (RED CABBAGE)

1. CUT RED CABBAGE INTO SMALL SLICES

2. PUT THE RED CABBAGE INTO MORTAR AND PESTLE
3. ADD SOME WATER INTO MORTAR AND PESTLE
4. POUND THE RED CABBAGE UNTIL BECOME RED CABBAGE JUICE
5. POUR ONE OF MATERIAL INTO BEAKER GLASS
6. TAKE PIPPETE OF RED CABBAGE JUICE
 7. ADD SOME DROPS O RD CABBAGE JUICE INTO BEAKER GLASS AND
NOTE THE RESULT
8. TRY ANOTHER TEST WITH ANOTHER MATERIAL

Using litmus paper and pH scale (universal indicator)

1. Pour one of the mayerials into the beaker glass

2. Cut the litmus paper (red and blue) into small pieces
3. Take a pippete of the material
4. Add 2-3 drops of material to 12 well plate
5. Test the material using litmus paper(red and blue)
6. Test the material using universal indicator and note the result
7. Try another test with another material

E. Observatorial data

no materials Red cabbage litmus red Litmus blue Universal indicator

1. vinegar Red Red Ph 3

2. Coke Red Red Ph 3

3 Orange juice Red Red Ph 5

4 Detergent Blue Blue Ph10

5 Tooth paste Red Blue Ph8

6 Soap Blue Blue Ph9

7 Coffee Red Red Ph5

8 Milk Red Blue Ph6

9 Salt Red Blue Ph7

10 Accumulator Red Blue Ph5

water

11 water Purle Red Blue Ph6

12 Hydrochloric acid Red Red Red Ph1

13 Sodium hydroxide green Blue Blue Ph13

F. Analysis

Hydrochloic acid is a strong acid, so if it touch our skin it can injure the skin
very bad. Water is neutral so it is safe to drink and it will make our body
healthier. Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali and it is very dangerous if we
drink it have ph more than 9.

G. Conclution

The conclution of this experiment is, acid will change litmus blue to red
aand the pH of acid is less then 6 and bases will change litmus red to blue
aand the pH is more than 7 and salt is neutral, it doesn’t chaange the color
of litmus paper. When we use naturl indicator (red cabbage), if we mix red
 cabbage with acid it will change color to red, if we mix red cabagge with
alkali it will change color to green then if we mix red cabbagge with
neutral it will change color to purple.

H. References

https://id.scribd.com/doc/27840318/Final-Report-Chem-Acids-Bases-Salts