ACTIVITY 3:

1. Before the conquest, The development of science and technology in the Philippines
began long before European colonization. Before the Spanish conquistadors landed on
the Philippine islands, the first Filipino natives were already using numerous plants and
herbs as remedies. Systems for farming and rearing animals were also put into place. By
hand-constructing rice terraces, the Indians of the Cordilleras accomplished a challenging
engineering achievement that allowed them to farm crops on the mountaintop in chilly
climates. To establish a sophisticated farming system, they included an irrigation system
that draws water from the mountains and woods. The still-operational rice terraces of the
Cordilleras demonstrate the inventive and resourceful ways of the locals to live in hostile
circumstances.

2. Spanish colonization gave the Philippines access to contemporary building techniques.

Some of the engineering knowledge and equipment that the Spaniards brought with them
was used to construct walls, roads, bridges, and other substantial infrastructure. The
American occupation modernized nearly every aspect of life in the Philippines. They
established a government agency, the Bureau of Science, for the sole purpose of fostering
advancement in the field of science and technology. In addition, the Spanish government
created health and education systems that were enjoyed by the principal class.

3. One of the best universities in the Philippines, UST offers a lot of STEM-related courses.
They have 38 specializations, 30 bachelor's degrees from those specializations, 14
master's degrees, and 3 doctoral degrees. Many private institutions also have excellent
science education programs.

4. LAWS RELATED TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FROM THE YEAR 2000:

 Intellectual Property Act - It shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists,
inventors, artists, and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations,
particularly when beneficial to the people, for such periods as provided in this Act.

 Philippine National Health Research System Law - The Philippine National Health
Research System Act of 2013 (RA 10532) institutionalized the memorandum of
understanding among the DOST, DOH, CHED, and UP Manila to work towards
“improving the health status, productivity and quality of life of Filipinos by (a) ensuring
that health research is linked to the health system needs; (b) ensuring that investments in
health research yield the most benefit; (c) promoting good governance among health
research organizations through efficient, effective, transparent and ethical health research
management system ; (d) engaging in national and international partnerships and
networks for health research development and (e) ensuring the sustainability of resources
for health research.” It was generally assumed that research ethics was embedded in
objectives (a), (b), and (c).

 Magna Carta of Science Worker - The State recognizes science and technology as
essential elements for the attainment of national development and progress. To attain this
 objective, it is hereby declared the policy of the State to provide for a program of human
resources development in science and technology to achieve and maintain the necessary
reservoir of talent and manpower that will sustain its drive for total science and
technology mastery.

 Data Privacy Law - Republic Act No. 10173, otherwise known as the Data Privacy Act
is a law that seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal, or sensitive.
It is meant to cover both natural and juridical persons involved in the processing of
personal information.

5. Children's early life experiences are infused with indigenous wisdom as they mature.
They develop and live in a civilization where indigenous knowledge is prominently
practiced by community members. As their first instructors, their parents and other older
people were quite successful at instilling cultural information in their students' heads.
Their culture and surroundings are deeply entwined with the teachings they learned.
These courses included moral lessons and real-life accounts of people dealing with
difficulties in their everyday lives. In their stories, poems, and songs, they express their
perspectives on nature and thoughts on their experiences in daily life.

The following are a few instances of indigenous knowledge that is taught and used by the
indigenous people:

 predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing animals’

behavior and celestial bodies;
 using herbal medicine; 
 preserving foods; 
 classifying plants and animals into families and groups based on cultural properties; 
 preserving and selecting good seeds for planting; 
 using indigenous technology in daily life; 
 building local irrigation systems; 
 classifying different types of soil for planting based on cultural properties; 
 producing wines and juices from tropical fruits; and 
 keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard

Like the ancient civilization, indigenous knowledge gave rise to the creation of science and
technology as a field and as a discipline, making indigenous knowledge crucial to the
development of science and technology in the Philippines. Indigenous knowledge aided the
people in navigating daily life and comprehending their surroundings. Indigenous science was
acknowledged as a historical and significant contribution to science and technology in the
UNESCO Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge. In general, scientists
make the distinction between scientific knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge by asserting that
although science is universal, Indigenous Knowledge exclusively pertains to certain populations
and their perceptions of the world.