CWDM Basic

(V2.0)

Unitrans D&T Group

Objective

Explain the basic technologies

of optical fiber;

State features of CWDM
system.

2
Part 1 Basic knowledge of Optical
fiber
Part 2 CWDM Overview
Part 3 Characteristics of CWDM

3
Structure of optical fiber

Coating layer
Cladding Fiber core

n2 n1

4
The transport characteristics
of optical fiber

Attenuation

Dispersion

Non-linear

5
Attenuation Spectrum

6
Band Specification

Name of Band full text wavelength range

O-band Original 1260-1360nm

E-band Extended 1360-1460nm

S-band Short 1460-1530nm

C-band Conventional 1530-1565nm

L-band Long 1565-1625nm

U-band Ultra-long 1625-1675nm

7
Attenuation &Dispersion Spectrum

G.652
SMF 20
1.0 G.653
DSF
Attenuation (dB/km)

(ps/nm-km)
0.8 Attenuation
EDFA 10
Bandwidth

Dispersion (ps/nm
0.4 0
NZDF+
G.655+
0.2 -10
NZDF-
G.655-
0.1 -20
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Wavelength (nm)
8
Commonly used SMF

G.652: A single-mode optical fiber that has a nominal zero-
dispersion wavelength in the 1310 nm transmission region.
(dispersion-unshifted fiber)

G.653: dispersion-shifted fiber, 0 dispersion at 1550 nm
transmission region, easy to cause FWM.

G.655: Non-zero dispersion fiber; used in 1550 nm
transmission region. Less dispersion coefficient, dispersion
limited transmission distance can be hundreds of km; prevent
FWM

9
Part 1 Basic knowledge of Optical fiber
Part 2 CWDM Overview
Part 3 Characteristics of CWDM

10
Technical Background

The rapid development of IP and Ethernet data services

Requirements for metro area network (MAN)

11
WDM definition
λ1 λ2 λN

λ1 λ1
λ2 λ2

λN λN

OMU ODU

WDM technology is a fiber communication technology

transmitting multiple optical carriers with information (analog or
digital) on one fiber.

12
WDM definition

The WDM technology is divided into two categories
 DWDM（Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing）
 channel spacing (0.4 nm or 0.8 nm) ，multiplexing
8,16,32,40,80,160wavelengths
 CWDM（coarse wavelength division multiplexing）
 channel spacing (20 nm), multiplexing 8,18wavelengths

13
CWDM system

14
Band class of CWDM

15
Operating Wavelength

For common fibers (G.652 A&B), the ZXMP M600 usually employs
8+1 wavelength with the wavelength spacing of 20 nm.

Wavelength SN Central Wavelength (nm)

0 1 310
1 1 471
2 1 491
3 1 511
4 1 531
5 1 551
6 1 571
7 1 591
8 1 611

16
Operating Wavelength

For low water peak fibers (G.652 C&D), the ZXMP M600 usually
employs 18 wavelengths with the wavelength spacing of 20 nm.

Wavelength Central Wavelength (nm) Wavelength Central Wavelength (nm)

SN SN
1 1 471 10 1 291
2 1 491 11 1 311
3 1 511 12 1 331
4 1 531 13 1 351
5 1 551 14 1 371
6 1 571 15 1 391
7 1 591 16 1 411
8 1 611 17 1 431
9 1 271 18 1 451

17
Part 1 Basic knowledge of Optical fiber
Part 2 CWDM Overview
Part 3 Characteristics of CWDM

18
System Features
Low--cost
Low
No employment of EDFA module.

Low-cost uncooled laser. (wavelength tolerance is ±2~3nm)

Low-cost CWDM filter, lower indices and manufacturing process
requirements than DWDM

Support SFP optical interface

Smoothly upgrading and modular design, easily realize “Pay As
Grow”

Multiplexer
Demultiplexer

19
System Features
Rich service access type

Multi-rate services access, including STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16.

Continuous-rate services access (10 Mbit/s-2.7 Gbit/s),

Small granular service convergence,

20
Transmission Distance
Access node
Without EDFA module, transmission
distance becomes one of the important
technical index of CWDM system. Access node
Access node
For a 8-λpoint to point CWDM network,
the optical fiber line attenuation budget
can reach 22.5dB (Distance: 75km @
Convergence node
0.3dB/km)

For a 8-λand 9-node ring CWDM network, the optical fiber line
attenuation budget for the whole ring can reach 18dB (perimeter:
60km @ 0.3dB/km)
For longer transmission distance than the above, the regenerators
be used.

21
System Features

Transparent Transmission

Transparent transmission is very essential for the various services

used in MAN.

No cross connection simplifies the equipment and enhances the
privacy of the services.

22
System Features

Flexible and Convenient

Support replaceable SFP optical modules

Support mixed plug and hot plug of boards in CWU, SMU and CWE
chassis except of the PCW and NCP board.

Support the front installation and hot plug of fans in the chassis.

23
System Features
Reliability

Powerful protection capability (1+1 Path protection)

Power supply card 1+1 backup and dual power supply
modules

Receive
one

Send Send
Together Together

24
Comparison to SDH

Item 2.5G MSTP CWDM

Multi-protocol
good better
support

System More than 2.5G

Less than 2.5G
Bandwidth GE

upgrade
good better
capability

protection support support

Cross unit 2M，155M wavelength

25
Comparison to DWDM

Item CWDM Metro DWDM

Wavelength space 2500GHz (20nm) 100GHz/ 50GHz(0.8nm/0.4nm)
No. of λ 8/16 40/80/160
Max. accessing rate of one λ 2.5Gbps 10Gbps
Transmission capacity 20/40Gbps 100/800/1600Gbps
Non-regenerative 70km 640km
transmission distance
cost （1/2～
low（ ～1/3）
） high
Applications convergence layer of Backbone layer of
metropolitan transmission metropolitan transmission
network private network, network. Local transmission
small city backbone network
transmission network

26
univ.zte.com.cn