Optical Power Debugging

in the DWDM System

ZTE Corporation
Transmission Course Team
Unitrans D&T Group
 Reference Points in the DWDM System

So OTS Si So OTS Si

So OMS Si

OAC So So OCH Si Si OAC

 Basic Knowledge
 Optical Power Unit
 mW (Milliwatt)
•
Commonly used optical power unit
 dBm (Decibel for milliwatt)
•
Optical power unit for the easy
calculation
 dB (Decebel)
•
Value for the optical power increased
or decreased
 Basic Knowledge

 Relationship between mW and dBm

 A(mW)=10lgA(dBm)
 B(dBm)=10B/10(mW)
 content
 Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

 Basic Formulas

 Optical Power Calculation

 Examples
 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

We have 3 Purposes:

1. Make each channel has the same the optical power in the
transmission.

2. Make the OA working in the Best State.

3. Make the OTUR working in the Best State.

 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

1. Make each channel has the same the optical

power in the transmission.

In the transmission, the output power from OA

cannot be as high as we want, so the limited optical
power should be allotted to each channel equally.
After demultiplexing, each receiver can get the
same optical power.
 Optical Power Debugging Purpose
Continue:

If In the receiving
end: Over loading

OTUR
O
Client
D Side
U OTUR

Under sensitivity

Control the difference between any two waves to

less than 3dB. The less difference the better.
 Optical Power Debugging Purpose
2. Make the OA working in the Best State.

OA has three working state:

Over-Saturated State;

Saturated State; This is the best working state.

Under-Saturated State;
 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

3. Make the OTUR working in the Best State.

PIN APD
0~-18dBm -9~-28dBm
2.5G Best: -8dBm Best: -14dBm

0~-14dBm -9~-21dBm
10G Best: -6dBm Best: -12dBm
 Optical Power Debugging Purpose

OTUT Output Power:

 2.5G
OTUT or OTUG (EA or LD)=0~ -10dBm

 10G
OTUT or OTUG (EA or LD)=-1~ -5dBm
 content
 Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

 Basic Formulas

 Basic Optical Power Calculation

 Examples
 Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation
P λ1 P λ2 P λ3 P λN
Formula 1:

PN=Pλ1+Pλ2+Pλ3+…+PλN (mW)

PN=P1+P1+P1+…+P1 (mW) Because Pλ1=Pλ2=…=PλN = P1

=N×P1 (mW)
10lgPN=10lg(N×P1)
Because 10lgPN (mW) =PN (dBm)
=10lgN+10lgP1
10lgP1 (mW) =P1 (dBm)
PN=10lgN+P1

PN=10lgN+P1 (dBm)
 Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation
Formula 2:
Pin O O Pout
Pout Pin
M D
Suspended
U U

IL (Insertion Loss) IL (Insertion Loss)

Pout=Pin/IL (mw)
10lgPout=10lgPin-10lgIL Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
Pout=Pin-IL (dBm)
 Basic Optical Power Balancing Calculation
Formula 3:

Pin Pout
OA

G (Gain)

Pout=Pin×G (mw)
10lgPout=10lgPin+10lgG Because 10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)
10lgPout((mw)=Pout(dBm)

Pout=Pin+G (dBm)
 content
 Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

 Basic Formulas

 Basic Optical Power Calculation

 Examples
 Basic Optical Power Calculation
-3dBm APD

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn OTUn

Line loss = 20dB

Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

The Maximum Capacity of this DWDM system is 2.5G╳32Chs.

Now, there are only five traffics in it.
Question:
Where and what attenuation the attenuators should be added in the system?
lg32=1.5, lg5=0.7
 Basic Optical Power Calculation
-3dBm APD

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTUT1 1620 1412 OTUR1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUTn OTURn

Line loss = 20dB

Insertion loss = 7dB Insertion loss = 7dB

1. Before OMU: Optical power for each channel is the same.

2. Before OA: OA works in the best state.

3. Before OTUR: Receiver works in the best state.

 Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2)
=-3-7
=-10(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P32out=P1out+10lg32 (Formula 1) ② P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3)

P1out=P32out-10lg32 P1in=P1out-G
=20-15 =5-16
=5(dBm) =-11(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PoutOMU PInOBA

Attenuation=P1outOMU-P1inOBA
=-10-(-11)
=1(dB)

Before OBA: 1 dB attenuation

Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PoutOBA PAfter Line

PAfter Line=P1outOBA-Line Loss

=5-20
=-15(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P32out=P1out+10lg32 (Formula 1) ② P1out=P1in+G (Formula 3)

P1out=P32out-10lg32 P1in=P1out-G
=12-15 =-3-14
=-3(dBm) =-17(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PAfter Line PInOPA

Attenuation=PAfter Line-P1inOPA
=-15-(-17)
=2(dB)

Before OPA: 2 dB attenuation

Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

Pin Pout

① P1out=P1in-IL (Formula 2)
P1in=P1out+IL
=-14+7
=-7(dBm)
Basic Optical Power Calculation
APD
-3dBm

ch1 λ1 λ1 ch1
OTU1 1620 1412 OTU1

OMU32

ODU32
Input ┇ BA PA ┇ Output
ch5 λn λn ch5
OTUn Line loss = 20dB OTUn
IL = 7dB IL = 7dB

PoutOPA PinOMU

Attenuation=P1outOPA-P1inOMU
=-3-(-7)
=4(dB)

Before ODU: 4 dB attenuation

 Question?

Just now, we use one channel optical power in the

attenuation calculation.

What happened if we use 5 channels or 32 channels

optical power in the calculation?
 content
 Purpose of Optical Power Debugging

 Basic Formulas

 Basic Optical Power Calculation

 Examples
Example 1: For OP Card
Client
Side
APD
OUT R
Receiver

10G*16Chs
OP R IL=1dB

Mon Mon
Mon
Mon
Out In Out O O In Out
OBA M D OPA
2220 1717
U U In
Sin 5dB 4dB Sout
IL=5dB IL=5dB

IL=5dB IL=5dB
Sout
Sin
In Out In O O In
Out
OPA D M OBA
1717 2220
U U Out

Mon
4dB 5dB Mon

Mon Mon

OP T IL=3dB

Output
Power
Lg16=1.2
OUT T
-1dBm
Client
Side
Example 2: For OAD Card
5dB

PM1 =-3.5dBm PM2=-8.5dBm

M1 M2 2.5G ╳40Chs

IL=0.5 IL=0.5

In IL=3 Out
IL=3 Pout = -9dBm
Pin =-3dBm
OAD4
Drop Add
PD = -6dBm PA =-6dBm

2dB 2dB

PPIN =-8dBm Pout =-3dBm

R
OTU

OTUT

PIN
Lg40=1.6
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