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Markup Text
EE5303- MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS PART 1 MINIPROJECT REPORT TOPIC: BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN
NAME: SATHICK BATCHA THABASUM AARA MATRICUATION NUMBER: A0259923R Software Used:
Agilent ADS 2011 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Design Specification 15 Table 2 Parameter values of low
pass prototype for Chebyshev filter 15 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Bandpass filter 5 Figure 2
Attenuation characteristic vs. frequency 6 Figure 3 Group delay characteristics vs. frequency 6 Figure
4 Coupled line filter 8 Figure 5 Coupled line filter equivalent circuit 8 Figure 6 Coupled line filter-
Image response 9 Figure 7 2-port coupled lines with band pass response 11 Figure 8 Equivalent
circuit of coupled lines 11 Figure 9 ABCD Parameters of Some Useful Two-Port Circuits 12 Figure 10
Layout of N+1 filter 14 Figure 11 Equivalent circuit for each coupled line section 14 Figure 12
Bandpass filter prototype……………………………………………………………… 16 Figure 13 ADS Simulation –
Line Calc-Coupled Line 1 & 5 19 Figure 14 ADS Simulation – Line Calc-Coupled Line 2 & 4 19 Figure
15 ADS Simulation – Line Calc-Coupled Line 3 19 Figure 16 ADS Simulation – Schematic circuit 20
Figure 17 ADS Simulation – Result 20 Figure 18 EM Simulation –Layout 21 Figure 19 EM Simulation –
Result 21 Figure 20 Substrate definition 22 CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES 2 LIST OF FIGURES 3 CHAPTER
1: INTRODUCTION BANDPASS FILTERS 5 COUPLED LINE FILTERS - INTRODUCTION 8 CHAPTER 2:
COUPLED LINE FILTER THEORY COUPLED LINE FILTERS - THEORY 9 FILTER PROPERTIES OF A COUPLED
LINE SECTION… 10 CHAPTER 3: COUPLE LINED BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN OF COUPLED LINE
BANDPASS FILTER 11 DEVELOPMENT OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 14 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN PARAMETERS
DESIGN SPECIFICATION 15 ADS-MANUAL CALCULATION 17 ADS SIMULATION-LINE CALC 19 CHAPTER
5: ADS SIMULATION ADS SIMULATION-4th ORDER FILTER 20 ADS SIMULATION-RESULT 20 CHAPTER 6:
EM SIMULATION LAYOUT 21 RESULT 21 SUBSTRATE 22 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 23 CHAPTER 8:
REFERENCES 24 CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bandpass Filters Bandpass filter is an electronic
device that will allows the specific range of frequencies to pass through it and will reject the
frequencies which are out of its range by providing a large of attenuation for the stopband
frequencies. Picturization of a useful form of bandpass and band stop filter consists of λ/4 stubs
connected by λ/4 transmission lines is given below. Fig 1 Bandpass filter There are two filter design
methods which are image parameter method and insertion loss method. First is image parameter
method. This method is featured by master-slave configuration of simple 2-port filters to represent
cut-off frequency and attenuation characteristics. But for this method the specific frequency response
over the entire operating range is not taken into consideration. Therefore, the filter design using this
image parameter method can be consider simple but to get desired result the same process should
be repeated several times. The second method is insertion loss method. This method applied
network synthesis technique in order to design a filter with desired frequency response. So, we can
say that the insertion loss method synthesizes band pass filter, high pass filter or band rejection filter
by converting prototype low pass filter normalized with reference to impedance and frequency.
There are several types of filters such as Chebyshev filter, Butterworth filter, Elliptic function filter and
linear phase filter. These filters are classified based on frequency and phase response characteristics.
Figure 2 and 3 show frequency and phase response characteristics by filter. Fig 2 Attenuation
characteristic vs. frequency Fig 3 Group delay characteristics vs. frequency Chebyshev or equal-
ripple filter generates some degree of ripple at passband but shows good cut-off characteristics at
stopband. Butterworth or maximally flat filter has flat insertion loss at pass band but shows slow cut-
off characteristics at stopband. Meanwhile, linear phase filter has slow cut-off characteristics at

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stopband compared with Chebyshev filter or Butterworth filter but shows linear change in phase at
passband. Therefore, it is desirable to design a proper filter according to application. Microstrip line
filter is used for superhigh frequency band, which allows implementation of compact size and
integration, compared to integrated device filter. Microstrip line filter types include stub filter, step
impedance filter and coupled line filter. Microstrip bandpass filters designed from coupled line have
been widely used in many wireless communication applications. This design has the advantages in
term of its · planar structure · simple synthesis procedure · good repetition The most popular
structure is parallel-coupled microstrip filter because it does not require short circuits and is easy to
design and implement. So, in this project, the structure of parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter
will be design and simulate using ADS 2011. The design and performance of parallel-coupled
microstrip bandpass filter will be analyzed based on all of its parameters . 1.2 Coupled Line Filters –
Introduction Fig 4 Coupled line filter This coupled line band pass filter can be manufactured by
connecting the coupled lines shown in Figure 4. One coupled line is modelized into equivalent circuit
shown in Figure - in order to induce the design equation for this type of filter. The propagation
constant of the equivalent circuit and also the image impedance can be calculated from this design. It
also can be seen that these values approach to the values of coupled lines for theta= π /2, which
corresponds to the center frequency of band pass response. Fig 5 Coupled line filter Equivalent
circuit CHAPTER 2- Coupled Line Filters 2 2.1 Coupled Line Filters – Theory The parallel coupled
transmission lines can be used to construct many types of filters. Fabrication of multisection
bandpass or bandstop coupled line filters is particularly easy in microstrip or strip line form for
bandwidths less than about 20%. Wider bandwidth filters generally require very tightly coupled lines,
which are difficult to fabricate. A two-port network can be formed from a coupled line section by
terminating two of the four ports with either open or short circuits, or by connecting two ends; there
are 3 possible band-pass combinations which is given below. Fig 6 Coupled line filter-Image response
2.2 Filter Properties of a Coupled Line Section CHAPTER 3- Coupled Line Bandpass Filters 3.1 Design
of Coupled Line Bandpass Filters Narrowband bandpass filters can be made with cascaded coupled
line sections of the form shown in Figure 7. Fig 7 Two-port coupled line section having a bandpass
response To derive the design equations for filters of this type, a single coupled line section can be
approximately modeled by the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 8. Fig 8 Equivalent circuit of the
coupled line section We will do this by calculating the image impedance and propagation constant of
the equivalent circuit and showing that they are approximately equal to those of the coupled line
section for θ = π/2, which will correspond to the center frequency of the bandpass response. Fig 9
ABCD Parameters of Some Useful Two-Port Circuits The ABCD parameters of the equivalent circuit
can be computed using the ABCD matrices for transmission lines . The ABCD parameters of the
admittance inverter were obtained by considering it as a quarter-wave length of transmission of
characteristic impedance, 1/J. Filter design by the image parameter method From the above
equations the image impedance of the equivalent circuit is which reduces to the following value at
the center frequency, θ = π/2: We also have that The propagation constant is Equating the image
impedances, and the propagation constants, yields the following equations: where we have assumed
sinθ _ 1 for θ near π/2. These equations can be solved for the even- and odd-mode line impedances
to give 3.2 Development of an equivalent circuit for derivation of design equations for a coupled line
bandpass filter for N=4. Fig 10 Layout of N+1 filter Fig 11 Equivalent circuit for each coupled line
section. The design equation for bandpass filter with N+1 section is mentioned below CHAPTER 4-
Design Parameters 4 4.1 Design specification Center Frequency 4.9 GHz Filter Type Equal ripple
Filter Structure Parallel Egde Coupled Bandwidth 10 % Ripple 0.5dB Table 1 Design Specification.

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The order of the filter given is N=4 for an equi-ripple response with an attenuation of 20dB at the
center frequency of 4.9 GHz and the pass band ripple amplitude (G) of 0.5dB . The elements values
obtained are g1=1.6703, g2=1.1926, g3=2.3661, g4=0.8419, g5=1.9841 from the table given below. N
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7 g8 1 0.6986 1.0000 2 1.4029 0.7071 1.9841 3 1.5963 1.0967 1.5963 1.0000 4
1.6703 1.1926 2.3661 0.8419 1.9841 5 1.7058 1.2296 2.5408 1.2296 1.7058 1.0000 6 1.7254 1.2479
2.6064 1.3137 2.4758 0.8696 1.9841 7 1.7372 1.2583 2.6381 1.3444 2.6381 1.2583 1.7372 1.0000
Table 2 Parameter values of low pass prototype for Chebyshev filter Fig 12 Bandpass filter prototype
Now, we use the following design equations to get the inverter constants for a coupled line filter with
N+ 1 sections. Based on the filter application in system design, the fractional bandwidth (FBW) is
calculated using equation below. where, ω1 and ω2 denote the edges of the passband frequency .
Then the odd and even resistance calculated by using equation Zoe  Z01 JZ0  JZ0 2  Zoo 
Z01 JZ0  JZ0 2  Now, the even and odd mode impedances can be calculated as follows 4.2
ADS Simulation – Manual Calculation 4.3 ADS Simulation – Line Calc Fig 13 ADS Simulation – Line
Calc-Coupled Line 1 & 5 Fig 14 ADS Simulation – Line Calc-Coupled Line 2 & 4 Fig 15 ADS Simulation
– Line Calc-Coupled Line 3 CHAPTER 5 - ADS Simulation 5.1 ADS Simulation – 4th Order Filter Fig 16
ADS Simulation – Schematic circuit 5.2 ADS Simulation Result Fig 17 ADS Simulation – Result
CHAPTER 6- EM simulation 6 6.1 Layout Fig 18 EM simulation-Layout 6.2 Simulation Fig 19 EM
simulation-Result 6.3 Substrate Fig 20 Substrate definition CHAPTER 7-CONCLUSION On a substrate
with a dielectric constant of 3.38, the center frequency of 4.9 GHz, the bandwidth is 10 %, the
minimum attenuation amounts to -1 dB and the pass-band ripple is obtained equal to 0.5 dB .
CHAPTER 8-REFERENCE (a) D. M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1998

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