Chapter 06

 Creativity Techniques

Source: Reprinted from Buzan/by permission of Pearson Education Ltd.

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Introduction Creativity

 The innovation process can be seen as information processing activities that

lead to a reduction of uncertainty
 Company faces challenge between necessity for efficiency and for creativity
 Companies demand stability and defined processes to accomplish daily tasks
both quickly and efficiently
 Companies also need to be creative and to develop new products to compete
in the future
 Gaining ideas - collecting ideas as well as generating ideas essential
component of the innovation process
 Therefore creativity techniques are an
indispensable tool

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This Chapter will Discuss

 How do we use creative techniques?

 What are the main stages of the creative process?
 How can creativity enhance the problem-solving process?

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Creativity

 Defined 1950 by the American psychologist Guilford

 Capacity of a person to produce new compositions, products, or ideas
 Forming new patterns and combinations from past experience and new situations

 4 Ps of Creativity [by Rhodes]

 Person Process
 Pressure Products

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Creativity

 Factors influencing creativity (Based on Knieß)

 Hemisphere model
 Left hemi-sphere: “digital thinking” – logical thinking,
 Right hemi-sphere: “analog thinking” – visual impressions
 Linking of both hemispheres = creativity

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Creativity

 Freud’s model: interplay of logic and imagination

 Guilford model: mental operation of
 convergent thinking: analytic and systematic
 divergent thinking: production of new ideas

Convergent and divergent thinking in the problem-solving process (Based on Linneweh)

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The Creative Process
 Graham Wallas´ model:
 4 Phases:
1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Verification

The creative process (Based on Schlick)

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 Use of Creativity Techniques

Juxtaposition of frequently occurring problem types and suitable creativity techniques (Based on Geschka)

Gaubinger et. al.: Innovation and Project Management - A Holistic and Practical
Approach to Uncertainty Reduction, Springer 2015 9
 Use of Creativity Techniques

Juxtaposition of frequently occurring problem types and suitable creativity techniques (Based on Geschka)

Gaubinger et. al.: Innovation and Project Management - A Holistic and Practical
Approach to Uncertainty Reduction, Springer 2015 10
Creativity Techniques
 Brainstorming:

The brainstorming process (Based on Schlick)

Gaubinger et. al.: Innovation and Project Management - A Holistic and Practical
Approach to Uncertainty Reduction, Springer 2015 11
Creativity Techniques
 SCAMPER (Osborn-Checklist)

SCAMPER (Based on Michalko, Treffinger et al.)

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 Creativity Techniques
 Mind-Mapping:

Laws of the mind-mapping and how to use them (Reprinted from Buzan/by permission of Pearson Education Ltd.)

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Creativity Techniques
 Morphological Box:

inheritor

Morphological box for new ideas for criminal stories (Based on Geschka)

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Creativity Techniques
 Brain-writing Method

Course and form of method 635 (Based on Hauschildt/Sören)

Gaubinger et. al.: Innovation and Project Management - A Holistic and Practical
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Creativity Techniques

 SIL-Method

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 Creativity Techniques
 TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)

Problem solving process using the TRIZ methodology (Based on Eversheim et al.)

Gaubinger et. al.: Innovation and Project Management - A Holistic and Practical
Approach to Uncertainty Reduction, Springer 2015 18
 Creativity Techniques
 TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)

Tools for the TRIZ methodology (Based on Eversheim et al.)

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 The three pillars of TRIZ
 The systematic analysis of a
problem often leads to Abstract Abstract
TRIZ-Tool
solutions already. problem solution

 Many problems have been

solved in other areas and barrier to innovation
industries under a different
example drilling screw
name, but basically
comparable.
 Contradiction is the key Abstraction Application
element of technical
problems that provokes
innovations.
 The development of technical
systems follows certain
(evolutionary) laws. concrete Quelle:
EJOT Holding
innovative
problem GmbH & Co. KG Solution

© Fraunhofer IPT

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Case Study: Self-drilling screw
 Objective: Increased drilling speed
Standard
Abstracted
Innovation  Boundary conditions:
problem
Principle - Given, limited feed force
- cheap drill bit (cold-formed standard steel)
Concrete Concrete
problem solution
 First attempt: to increase the rotational speed

 Problems:
- Excessive heat generation
Drilling
- friction welding
tool

Splinter

Basic material
Quelle:
EJOT Holding
GmbH & Co. KG

© Fraunhofer IPT

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 TRIZ contradiction matrix tool
Standard •Mass / weight of a moving object
Abstracted
Innovation •Mass / weight of an immovable object
problem •Length of a moving object
Principle • force
• Tension or pressure •Length of an immovable object
• form •Surface of a moving object
• strength •Area of ​a stationary object
Concrete Concrete • temperature
•Volume of a moving object
problem solution • visibility
•Volume of an immovable object
•Energy consumption of a moving object
• Performance, capacity
•Energy consumption of an immovable object
• energy losses
Description of the problem as •Durability of a moving object
• material losses
•Durability of an immovable object
a contradiction: • loss of information
•Stability of the composition of the object
• loss of time
 (Drilling) speed should be • amount of material
•Acting on the object of external adverse factors
increased. •Damaging factors produced by the object itself
• Reliability / safety
•ease of repair
• accuracy
 Temperature may not • manufacturing accuracy
•Adaptability, universality
increase. •Complexity of the structure
• manufacturability
•Complexity of the control and measurement
• ease of use
 selection of contradictions •speed
from the 39 technical •degree of automation
•Productivity / functionality
factors of TRIZ

© Fraunhofer IPT

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 TRIZ contradiction matrix tool
Allocation of contradictions and innovation
Standard principles in the “contradiction matrix”
Abstracted
Innovation Negatively
problem
Principle influenced

Moving object

Temperature
factor

durability of

durability of
solid object

brightness
Concrete Concrete
problem solution
Optimization
Factor
Volume of a 35, 34,
35, 6, 4
movingobject 38
Suitable 3, 19, 28, 30, 10, 13,
speed
Innovation principles: 35, 5 36, 2 19
28 Replace mechanics 35, 10,
Force 19, 2
30 Flexible shells and Films 21
36 Phase transition 19, 3, 35, 39,
Tension, pressure
27 19, 2
2 Separation
Proposal of
promising innovation principles
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 Innovation Principles - Assessment and
Selection Assessment of the proposed innovation principles
Standard
Abstracted
Innovation  2. Separation
problem – Removing or separating the interfering part of the object.
Principle
Example: Place a noisy airconditioning outside, ie in front of the
window
– Insert or remove the necessary part or the significant property alone.
Concrete Concrete
problem solution  28. Replace mechanics
– Replace a mechanical system by means of an optical, acoustic or
odor-based system. Example: ultrasonic cleaning
– Use electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.
– Set fields in conjunction with ferromagnetic particles.
Suitable  30. Flexible covers and Films
Innovation principles: – Replace conventional constructions with flexible sleeves or thin films.
28 Replace mechanics – Isolating an object from the environment by a thin film or a
30 Flexible shells and Films membrane. Example: water bed.
36 Phase transition
 As the most suitable principle of innovation appears 36
2 Separation

© Fraunhofer IPT

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Uncertainty Reduction, Springer 2015 27
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Innovation principle 36: Phase transition

Standard Guideline:
Abstracted
Innovation
problem  Take advantage of the effects during the phase transition
Principle
of a substance from:

Concrete Concrete - Change in Volume

problem solution - Generation of Heat
- Heat Absorption

Examples:
 To stretch ribbed tubes evenly, they are filled with water
and than are frozen.
 Latent heat storage: ie for cooling water in motor vehicles

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Application of the principle of innovation
(Paraffin-coated self-drilling screw)
Innovation principle 36: Phase Transition
Standard
Abstracted
Innovation Evaporating refrigerant
problem (Removal of heat)
Principle

Concrete Concrete
problem solution

paraffin coating

lubrication by
coolant

 Cutting speed is increased

 Heat is removed by evaporation of paraffin

Quelle: SFS Stadler Befestigungs- und Umformtechnik AG  Side effect: Improved lubrication by paraffin
© Fraunhofer IPT

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 Comparison of Creativity Techniques

Comparison of creativity techniques

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