physicarEducation

and Sports for CWSN

LEARN IN .G OBJECTIVES
. . . .. 'al ·cs· Paralympics, Deaflympics)
01
4.1 Orgaruzat10ns promotmg D1sab1hty Sports (Spec1 ympi ,
4.2 Advantages of Physical Activities for Children with Special Needs .
4.3 Strategies to make Physical Activities accessible for children with special needs
the biggest association in the world which organise
Efforts are being made to remove the term 'disability' games and training in 172 countries with 5 millio~
from the dictionary in today's scenario. As we pronounce players t aking part annually. Special Olympics are
this term, the face of the disadvantaged people appears organised worldwide in which National, State and
to us. It is true that for the last few years this specific Local level activities/games are included. Every year.
class was introduced with the term 'disabled'. But, more than 1 lakh events are organised. Special
now they are addre§sed as the people with different Olympics is recognised by International Olympic
abilities. This class has been special since the beginning
Committee.
whether it was bedfose of being the weakest class of
society, due to differentiation or because of having some
different ability.

·at,
..

II .

Figure 4.2 Eunice Kennedy Shriver

In the year 19 68 , Eunice Kennedy Shr·" er
1
.
Figure 4.1 Athletes in Paralympics
orgam sed the first 'Special 01 . ' . Washing-ton,5
Accord· ymp1cs m 11
mg to her , equal opportunities in the garne111.
Organisations Promoting Disability · JIec tua.k·
di·s r bl
Spo t s hdave to be given
· .
to physically and wte
Sports (Special Olympics; a e peopl e as t h ey can accomplish success ]! e
Pa ralympics, Deaflympics) norma l peopl e. I n her opinion special children. caJl.
a l so get de l ' I 1p1C
Games. ve oped by participating in the O yn
4.1.1 Special Olympics
Special Olympics are designed for physically "J o.. Th e Logo of the Special Olympics is:
Log ,,
disabled and intellectually disabled people. It is oy and Happiness to all the children of the world· 1

60
 :Mission: To organise various sports/games and but, gr~~ually, th ey started participating in sports
training programmes for special organisations of competitions.
disabled children to enhance their physical fitness .In theseb sports, the visually chall enge d peop1e
will-power, happiness, socialization and to mak~ w1trth· ~ere rda1 palsy and people with deformed body
them appreciate it. pa 1c1pate .
Ceremony: The Special The word 'Paralympic' is derived from the word
Olympics Program runs 'para' which means 'equal to'. The Paralympic Games
throughout the year. are equal to the Olympic Games.
During this ceremony, The competition for wheelchair athletes was organised
approximately 5.7 in 1948 by the Father of Paralympics, Dr. Ludwig
million athletes and the Guttmann. Very few Divyang people participated. But
unified sports partners Special this competition proved to be a milestone irr the history
are included. They have of Paralympic sports. It was able to draw the attention
to be motivated to make Olympics of world fraternity for conducting sports competitions
them participate and ---..-.-- at international level.
also to get rid of cardiac Figure 4.3 The same sports competitions became famous
problems, obesity, etc. Special Olympic Logo by the name Paralympics, in 1960. So, the first ·
Also, they can benefit Paralympics was organised in 1960, in which 500
psychologically and emotionally to increase their Divyang sportspersons from 23 countries participated.
self-confidence, socialization, physical ability, skills~- Since then, these sports are organised once in every four
and self-respect. years regularly. The word 'Paralympic' was officially
given only in 1988. The International Olympic Union
Year and Place of Special Olympics Organized and International Paralympic Union have signed a
Venue contract, according to which Paralympic sports are
Year Venue Year
organised at the same venue as the Olympic Games.
1968 Chicago 1995 New Haven
International Paralym,pic Committee 1

1970 Chicago 1999 Chapel Hill 0~ 22 September 1984, a ~ommittee was set up
2003 Dublin to organise Paralympic Games regularly in an
1972 ·Los Angeles
organised way. The following are its particulars:
1975 Mount Pleasant 2007 Shanghai
President -Andy Parsons
1979 Brock-Port 2011 Athens Head Office -Bonn, Germany
1983 Baton Rouge 2015 Los Angeles Objective -Spirit in Motion
,
Symbol -Red, green and blue
1987 Notre Dame and 2019 Abu Dhabi
South Bend Aim -To develop games opportunities for
the Divyang people
1991 Minneapolis and 2023 Berlin (To be held)
This organisation organises summer and winter
Saint Paul
'--- Paralympics. The aim of the organisatiorr is to prepare
Divyang people to be better players and to motivate
4.1.2 Paralympics
Sp?rts, which are organised specially for Divyang them.
chi!dren, are called Paralympics. Multi-sports · Inauguration of Paralym,pics
pactiVIT1es are organised for Divyang people through The Paralympic Games are organised by lighting th~
. aralympics. Although Divyang people have participated Paralympic lamp. Along with the flag hoisting and
: sports before tlie beginning of the Paralympics and playing of the national anthem of the host country,
v~ :ven won medals. After Second World War, the the games are started. After the national anthem, the
pah1:icipation ofDivyang people in sports has increased athletes from various countries march-past in their
w. . 1ch is because of the large number of soldiers . groups. After that, the hosting country presents cultural
1nJured . th
G tt 10 e War, who were disabled. Dr;-.Ludwig programmes on the basis of their culture. And, in the
thu . ~nn encouraged injured people to recov"'er from end, all the athletes light the torch after passing it fr0m
fo; lnJury to participate in sports, which were mainly one to the other, and the games are inaugm:ated.
"
entert ainment and the purpose of treatment,
Physical Education and SportS for CWSN 61
'"Closing Ceremony of Paro(ympic Games List of Sports in Deaflympics
On the last day of the programme, valedictory moments ·---.
• Athletics • Badminton
are organised in which all the participating countries I

enter with their national flags and, afterwards, the • Badminton • Basket Ball
Paralympics flag is withdrawn. The games are • Beach Volley Ball • Cycling Road
declared closed after extinguishing the Paralympics
torch. • Football • Judo
• Karate • Shooting
Categories of Disabilities
• Tennis • Water Polo
The International Olympic Committee has made many - ...,
categories of disabled people because each sport cannot • Wrestling (Free Style) • Wrestling (Greco
be played by every Divyang. Hence, 10 categories have Roman)
~een decided on the basis of disabilities for participating
m the Paralympic Games, which are as follows: Summer Deaflympics Held So Far
Games Year Host City Country
List of Categories of Disabilities
I 1924 Paris France
Impaired Muscle Power Impaired Passive Range
of Movement II 1928 . Amsterdam Netherlands
Limb Deficiency III 1931 Nuremberg Germany
Leg Length Differences '
IV 1935 London Great Britain
Short Stature Hypertonia
V 1939 Stockholm Sweden
Athetosis VI 1949 Copenhagen Denmark
Visual Impairment Intellectual Impairment VII 1953 Brussels Belgium
4.1.3 Deaflympics VIII 1957 Milan Italy
•Deaflympics are organised IX 1961 Helsinki Finland I
for the _deaf sportspersons. X 1965 Washington DC United States,
Deaflympics are the part of XI 1969 Belgrade Yugoslavia
Int.ernational Olympics. Unlike
the players participating in XII 1973 Malmo Sweden
' XIII 1977 Bucharest
the Paralympics and Special Romania
Olympic Games, these players XIV 1981 Koln West Germany
are not given instructions
througq. sounds. Hence, the
xv 1985 Los Angeles United States
activities are organised as per Figure 4.4 Deaflympics XVI 1989 Christchurch New Zealand
their needs. XVII 1993 Sofia Bulgaria
Deaflympics take place every four years. The XVIII 1997 Copenhagen Denmark
first games were held in 1924 in Paris (France), XIX 2001 Rome Italy
in which, for the first time, athletics competitions
were held for Divyang. After 1924, these games are xx 2005 Melbourne Australia
taking place every four years. In 1924, 148 ·athletes XXI 2009 Taipei Chinese Taipei
from European countries took part. Until 1965, XXII 2013 Sofia Bulgaria
these games were known as International Games '
XXIII 2017 Samsun Turkey
for the Deaf. A few years later, they were called
International Silent Grune. In 2001, they were XXIV 2021 Caxiasdosul Brazil j
named Deaflympics. So far, these games have been
organised in 36 cities of 21 countries. Winter Deaflympics Held So F ~
Objectives: The main objectives of these _games are Games Ye~ HostCii y ·country
-
to provide opportunities for t~e d~af m sports. I 1949 Seefeld
l
Austria
During the competitions, hearing aids cannot be '
used. - -II -~
1953
- -- .- Oslo
- - -- - -
Norway

62 Physical Education-XII
 - - -~ - -~ - - - -- - -
- Ill 1955 Oberammergau Germ.any
IV 1959 Montana-Vennala Switzerland
.__.....
1963 Are Sweden
- VI
V
1967 Berchtesgaden West Germany
Vil 1971 Adelboden Switzerland
Advantages of Physical Activit ies
for Children w ith Special N eeds
There should be various types of educational
experiences in the school programme. They
contribute to the children's long, happy and simple
life experiences inside and outside the classroom.
All activities must be completed for the balanced
development of the children. Various studies have
shown that physical activities provide physical
strength to the differently-abled children. It enhances
their operational ability and quality and inspire for the
active lifestyle. So, physical activities are beneficial for
them as under:
1. Physical Development: Sports and Physical
Education encourage physical development and
they lead to good physical health, develop body
and power, and increase efficiency.
2. Social Development: Children learn valuable
and practical lessons by participating in physical
activities. They also learn to work in group and
co-operate with each other.
3. Moral Development: Children learn to accept
and respect views of others. They learn ethical
values like honesty, truth, and justice through
physical activities.
4. Civic Training: The school provides training base
for democracy through the activities in Physical
Education. It informs children about the rights
and responsibilities as citizens.
5. Recreation: The use of free time in the school
should be used creatively. Physical activities help
in providing entertainment. The child experiences
freshness and enthusiasm with recreation.
6- Complementary of Educational Work:
Physical Education activities fulfil the prior
responsibilities for education in the classroom.
7· Development of Individual Interest: Physical
~ducation activities endeavour to create personal
mterests in children.
8
· ~is~ipline: Physical activities create self-
discipline because different activities have their
own rules to be followed and it is mandatory to
fi0 Uow them.
XQ.s;
-
9. Professional Alternative: Physical Education
related activities help children to develop
their hobbies. So, children can choose Physical
Education as a profession.
10. Dev elopment of Pupil-Teacher Relation:
Teachers come to know about the behaviour, in-
terests, likings and social behaviour of the pupils.
This creates a warm relationship between teachers
and pupils and proper guidance is also obtained.
Strategies to Make Physical
Activities Accessible for Childre n
w ith Special N e eds
------~~--
Some strategies have been adopted to facilitate
physical activities for the children with special needs.
These strategies are determined while keeping their
capabilities, interests and limitations in mind. Active
participation of these children in games and sports is
ensured through these activities. It is as under:
1. Medical Checkup: First of all a medical
examination of the child is done to know about his
physical disability. The plan is decided according
to the disability of the child and strategies are
determined.
2. Activities based on Interest: Physical activities
are determined according to the interest of children
with special needs. After getting the information
about the interest, efforts are made to ensure the
participation of the children by simplifying the
activities.
3. Modification in Sports Equipment as per
N eed: Sports equipment can be modified according
to the needs of these children. In cricket, something
can be inserted into the ball to produce sound. While
racing, a drum can be beaten at the finish line so
that they can run straight by hearing the sound etc.
4. Amendment in Sports Rules: Children with
special needs can be helped to play by changing
main rules of the game. Changes are made in the
rules of the game while keeping their capabilities
and abilities in mind so that they are able to play
easily.
5. Special Training: Special training can be given
to the children with special needs to make them
participate in games. They can play games easily
through special training.
6. Special Environment: The ability of a differently-
abled child is less than an ordinary child.
Encouraging atmosphere should be created during
the activities so that they are excited towards
doing these activities.
Physical Education and Sports for CWSN 63
 7• F~edback: By knowing the reaction of special
children who participate in activities, strategies
can be formulated. On the basis of their experiences,
changes in the rules, ground, equipments, etc. can
be brought.
8. Guidance of Special Education Teacher:
The guidance or advice of a special educator can
be sought for the activities for such children.
Such teachers have the ability to understand th
behaviour
. of these children · Therefore , o~
m,;danee "'
a special educator can be beneficial in determ· ·
the activities. inin;
The above-mentioned tips are helpful in makii1,
physical activities easier for the children and the·'1
interest in activities is created. Consequently, u:
opportunity to develop an ability is increased. (

SUMMARY
Special Olympics are organised for differently-abled persons. It was started in 1968 with "happiness and joy for all the
children of the world".
Paralympic games are organised for persons with visual cerebral palsy and dissected limbs. Paralympic sports are organised
for 10 categories of disability of the disabled. It is organised by the International Paralympic Association, set up in 1984.
Deaflympics are organised for deaf sportspersons.
Advantages of Physical Activities for CWSN : Physical activities are beneficial for children with disabilities, which leads to
their physical, mental, social, and moral development, as well as to develop discipline, civic training, recreation, personal
interest and mutual relations.
Strategies to make Physical Activities Accessible: Strategies can be devised to facilitate physical activities . Such as availability
of sports equipment as per requirement, special training, activities as per interest, special guidance, amendments in sports
rules, special environment et c.

EXERCISES .
8. Special Olympics began in India from:
A. Objective Type Questions
(a) 1947 (b) 1896 (c) 1987 (d) 2001
I. Multiple Choice Questions
9. "Let me win. If I cannot win, let me be brave or bold in
the correct option: making efforts." In which Olympics is this oath taken 1
1. Paralympic Games was first organised in:
(a) Deaflympics (b) Summer Olympics
(a) 2010 (b) 1960 (c) 1896 (d) 1982
(c) Special Olympics (d) All of the above
2. Dr. Ludwick Guttmann is related to:
10. The Father of Paralympic Games is:
(a) Paralympic Games (b) Olympic Games
(a) Canady (b) Coubertin
(c) Asian Games (d) None of these
(c) G.D. Sondhi (d) Dr. Ludwig Guttmann
3. In which kind of Olympics is the sports competition
11. The first Paralympic Games were held in:
organised the whole year?
(a) 1960 (b) 2010 (c) 1982 (d) 1906
(a) In Summer Olympics (b) In Special Olympics
12. Deaflympics is related to:
(c) In Deaflympics (d) None of these
(a) Dumb people (b) Deaf Disabled
4. How many countries are involved in the Special Olympic
(c) Blind Disabled (d) Intellectually Disabled
Association?
(a) 204 (b) 200 (c) 104 (d) 172 13. Which of the following is not a Physical Disability?
s. Eunice Kennedy Shriver is associated with : (a) Injury to Spinal cord (b) Injury to neck
(a) Special Olympics (b) Summer Olympics (c) Loss of limb (d) AttentionDeficitDisorder
(c) Ancient Olympics (d) Deaflympics 14. World Disability Day is celebrated on :
6. The logo 'Happiness for all the children of the world' (a) 2nd April (b) 21st June
belongs to: (c) 29th August (d) 3rd December
(a) summer Olympics (b) Deaflympics 15. What is the right term that should be used for children
(c) Special Olympics (d) Paralympics with Special needs?
(a) Viklang (b) Divyang
7. The term 'Paralympic' originated from :

l
(a) Para (b) Per (c) Poor (d) Pure (c) Differently abled (d) All of the above

64 Physical Education-XII
-
16. Which of the following is an advantage of physical
activities for CWSN?
Codes:
(a) Improved Physical fitness (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(b) Improved Mental fitness (a) 3 4 1 2
(c) Improved Social Skills (b) 1 3 2 4
(d) All the above
(c) 4 2 3 1
17. Who started Special Olympics International?
{d) 2 1 4 3
(a) Eunice Kennedy Shriver (b) John F Kennedy
Ans. (d)
(c) Sir Ludwig Guttmann (d) M . Mahadeva
18. Spcial Olympic organisation holds ....... ... competitions : 2. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer from
the code given below:
(a) Local (b) National
(c) Regional (d) All of the above List-I List-II
19. Where was special Olympics in India formed : (i) Special Olympics 1. International
(a) New Delhi (b) Calcutta Bharat Paralympic
(c) Mumbai {d) Bhopal Committee
20. Full form of CWSN is : (ii) Organises the summer 2. 1960
(a) Children with sports need and winter Paralympic
(b) Children with special needs (iii) First Paralympic games 3. 1976
(c) Children with specific needs (iv) First winter games in 4. 2001
(d) None of the above paralympics history
21. The name "Deaflympics" was adopted in : Codes:
(a) 2000 {b) 2001
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(c) 2002 (d) 2003
(a) 3 2 1 4
22. The word "Paralympic" was official used in :
(a) 1988 (b) 1980 {b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 1992 {d) None of the above (c) 4 1 2 3

Answers
(d) 2 4 3 1
1. (b) 2. {a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) Ans. (c)
7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (b) Ill. Assertion-Reason Type Question
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (d)
1. Given below are the two statements labelled as Assertion
19. (c) 20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (a) (A) and Reason {R).

II. Match the following
1. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer from
the code given below:
List-I
(i) World's largest sports
organisation for
children and adults with
intellectual and physical
disabilities
u,1 Camp Shriver for child ren
with disabilities
(iii) First Specia l Olympics
competition
(iv)
Special Olympics came to
India
Assertion (A) : Various studies have shown that physical
activities provide physical strength to the
differently-abled children.
Reason (R) : Physical activities enhance operational
List-II ability and quality in the differently-a bled
1. Eunice Kennedy children and inspire them for the active
Shriver lifestyle.
In the context of above two statements, which one of the
following is correct?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
2. Special Olympics
explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
3. 1988 (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
4. Chicago Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A) .

Physi<al Educadoo ood Spo"' lo, CWSN


2. Given below are the two stateme
(A) and Reason (R). nts labelled as Assertion
Assertion (A) : Special
t . . ol ympics
. provides year-round
rt~~ing and competitions to 5 million
a etes and unified sports partners in
172 countries
Reason (R) : ~pecial olympics is not recognised by the
international olympic committee.
in ltlhe ~on~ext of above two statements, which one of the
f 0 owing 1s correct?
(a) Bo th (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Ans. (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
3. Given below are the two statements labelled as Assertion
(A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : People with intellectual disabilities can
learn, enjoy and benefit from participa-
tion in sports with proper help and en-
6. Write any two aims and objectives of oeaflvrnPics- 1
7, What do you understand by Impaired Muscle power?
s. What do you mean by Athletes with short stature?
B. Short Answer Type Questions-I
1. What are the main causes of disorder?
2. Write three strategies to make physical activitie,' 6
accessible for children with special needs.
• Briefly explain Paralympics.
3
4. Briefly explain Special Olympics.
s. What is the philosophy of Special Olympic?
6. Write briefly about Deaflympic.
7, Briefly write about the opening and closing ceremonie, [
of Paralympic games. ·
s. Write briefly about the Paralympic Committee of India
9, What are the aims and objectives of Deaflympics? ·
10. What are the benefits of physical activities for childre·
with special needs? Explain. [CBSE, 201!, Fe
is
C. Short Answer Type Questions-II pr
re:
1. Explain in detail about Paralympics. ali
2. Explain Special Olympics in detail.
3. Describe five advantages of physical activities for childrei is
an

I
with special needs.
couragement. 4. "Physical activities make person perfect." Explain wit· as
Reason (R) : Consistent training helps these people
develop their sports skills and provides suitable example. ab
5. How do physical activities improve the gross motor sl
incentives for personal growth.
of children with special needs?
In the context of above two statements, which one of the
6. Write in detail about Paralympic Games.
following is correct?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct D. Long Answer Type Questions Fo
explanation of (A). 1. Describe five types of disorders with their symptomsan1 It i
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct causes. [CBSE Sample Paper 2019-11 sul
explanation of (A). 2. How physical activities are helpful for children with spec}
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false. need? Explain strategies to make physical activiti1
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true. assessable for them. [ CBSE 20/
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct 3. Pla_n a strategy for making physical activity accessibleIi
Children with Special Need. [ CBSE Sample Paper2020·1
explanation of (A) .
4. Write a detailed note on Paralympics.
Picture Based (Identification) Question
IV. 5 · Explain in detail about Special Olympic.
1. Identify the pictures shown below :
6 • Explain Paralympic Movement in detail. 5
7 · W~ite i_n detail about Deaflympics. What are the airn •
(a) (b)
obJect1ves of Deaflympics?
8 · W_hat are the advantages of physical activities for chilai
with special needs?
(b) Deaflympic
Ans. (a) Special Olympics 9 • Explain the strategies to make physical activit;
accessible for children with special needs.
V. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is Olympic Oath? Suggested links
2. List the categories of disabilities for participating in the • https ·// ducatir
· www.learncbse.in/class-12-physical-e
Paralympic Games. notes-chapter-4/ 1.
3. What do you mean by Disability? • http s.•//www.urmc.rochester.edu/encycloPe d.ia /con 'J
4. What does the word 'Paralympics' means? ·
aspx?contentt ype1.d =160&contentid=20 J
5. Who started Special Olympics International?

66 Physical Education-XII