Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Wed: Differentiation - 3

Fri: Differentiation - 4
 Differential Calculus
Differentiation

Vedantu
● Differentiation - 3:
Chain Rule + Differentiation of Implicit Functions + Differentiation
of a Function w.r.t another Function + Differentiation of
Parametric Functions + Higher Order Parametric Differentiation +
Logarithmic Differentiation
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
Product Rule, Quotient Rule and Chain rule

CHAIN RULE
DIFFERENTIATION
y = f(x)
y x

Chain of
y = g(t) composition ω = k(x)

t ω
Chain rule t = h(ω)
dy dy dω
= ⋅ dt ⋅
dx dt dω dx
MATHEMATIC
S
Product Rule, Quotient Rule and Chain rule

Example: If then y’(0) is given by

DIFFERENTIATION

MATHEMATIC
S
Product Rule, Quotient Rule and Chain rule

Example: If then y’(0) is given by

DIFFERENTIATION

A B C D

Solution

MATHEMATIC
S
Example If then is equal to

B 1
C

JEE 2013
Example If then is equal to

A B 1 C D

Solution:

JEE 2013
Methods of Differentiation

Differentiation of Implicit function

DIFFERENTIATION

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Example
2
1. y = x + x + 1 y DIFFERENTIATION
can be expressed in terms of x
3 2
2. xy = x3 + x2 + 1 ⇒ y = x + x + 1 y can be expressed in terms of x
x
3. xy – sin (x + y) = 0 ⇒ y can’t be expressed in terms of x

Implicit function
If an equation f(x,y) = 0 where y can not be
expressed in terms of x then f(x,y) is
called an implicit function.
i.e. xy – sin (x + y) = 0
MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Differentiation of Implicit function

Consider f (x, y) = 0 DIFFERENTIATION∂f
dy reads as “dou f by dou x.”
There are two methods to find ∂x
dx
Differentiation
Method I Method II

Differentiate ∂f
–
throughout dy ∂x
=
f (x, y) = 0 w.r.t x dx ∂f
and collect terms ∂y
containing dy MATHEMATIC
Partial differentiation
dx S
Method.
Methods of Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION

Problem based on implicit function

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Example
dy
x3 + y3 = 3 axy FindDIFFERENTIATION
dx

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Example
dy
x3 + y3 = 3 axy FindDIFFERENTIATION
dx

Solution x3 + y3 – 3 axy = 0

Method I
Differentiating w. r. t x
dy dy dy 2 2
2
3x + 3y 2 – 3a x – 3ay = 0 dx ( 3y – 3ax ) = (–3x + 3ay)
dx dx
2
dy dy – (3x – 3ay)
∴ (3y2 – 3ax) + 3x2 MATHEMATIC
– 3ay = 0 ⇒ =
dx dx (3y2 – 3ax)
S
Methods of Differentiation

Example
dy
x3 + y3 = 3 axy FindDIFFERENTIATION
dx
Solution Method II x3 + y3 – 3 axy 0
=
f(x,y) = x3 + y3 − 3 axy

f(x,y)
∂f
= 3x2 – 3ay
∂x
– ∂f
f(x,y) = x3 + y3 − 3 axy dy – (3x2 – 3ay)
∂x
∂f = =
= 3y2 – 3ax dx ∂f (3y2 – 3ax)
∂y
MATHEMATIC ∂y
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
DIFFERENTIATION dy 1
x ≠ y Prove that
If x √1 + y + y √ 1 + x = 0, = –
dx (x + 1)2

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
DIFFERENTIATION dy 1
If x √1 + y + y √ 1 + x = 0, x ≠ y Prove that = –
dx (x + 1)2

Solution : Derivative is in terms of x only. y needs to be expressed in x only.

We have : x √1 + y = –y √1 + x Squaring on both sides

x2 + x2y = y2 + y2x
2 2 2 2
⇒ x –y +x y–y x = 0
⇒ (x – y)(x + y) + xy( x– y) = 0As x – y ≠ 0
∴ x+y+xy=0
⇒ (x – y)(x + y + xy)MATHEMATIC
= 0
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
DIFFERENTIATION
If x √1 + y + y √ 1 + x = 0, x≠ y
dy 1
Prove that = –
dx (x + 1)2

Solution : ∴ x+y+xy=0
–x 1
⇒ y = = –1+ x+1
x+1
dy 1
∴ = –
dx (x + 1)2 MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiation of a function w.r.t another function

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Differentiation of a function w.r.t another function

DIFFERENTIATION
Let u = f(x) and v = g(x) be two functions
du
We want to find
dv
du
du dx f ′(x)
Hence, = =
dv dv g′(x)
dx

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Example
Differentiate ln (cos x)DIFFERENTIATION
w.r.t. aln x

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Example
Differentiate ln (cos x)DIFFERENTIATION
w.r.t. aln x

d(ln (cos x))

Solution We need
d(a ln x)

d(ln (cos x)
1 ×
dx cos x – sin x – x tan x
= = =
lnx
d(a ) (alnx) × 1 × ln a (alnx). ln a
x
dx
MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION

Higher order Parametric differentiation

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

What is higher order derivative?

dyDIFFERENTIATION
y = f (x) = f ′(x)
dx
d dy
= f (2)(x) d3y
dx dx
is just a notation to tell that
dx3
d2y y is differentiated thrice w.r.t x
= f (2)(x)
dx2
d d2y
= f (3)(x)
dx dx2 So if y is differentiated ‘n’ times
d3y d ny
=MATHEMATIC
f (3)(x) = f (n)(x)
dx3 dxn
S
Methods of Differentiation

Higher order parametric differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION
Let y = f(t) and x = g(t)
We know
dy f ′(t)
=
dx g′(t)

Note:
d2y
d2y f ′′(t) dt2
≠ ≠
dx2 g ′′(t) d2x
dt2 MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Higher order parametric differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION
d2y d dy d f ′(t)
∴ 2 = =
dx dx dx dx g′(t)

d f ′(t)
= × dt
dt g′(t) dx

g′(t)f ′′(t) – f ′(t)g′′(t) 1

= ×
[g′(t)]2 g′(t)

g′(t)f ′′(t) – f ′(t)g′′(t)

MATHEMATIC
=
[g′(t)]3 S
Methods of Differentiation

Example: If then at

D
Methods of Differentiation

Example: If then at

A B C D
Solution:
Differentiation : Introduction and First principle

Example
d2x DIFFERENTIATION
2
is equal to
dy –1 –3 –2 –3
dy2
d2y dy d2y dy d2y dy
a) b) c) – d) –
dx 2
dx2 dx dx2 dx dx2 dx

MATHEMATIC AIEEE 2011

S
Differentiation : Introduction and First principle

Example
DIFFERENTIATION
d2x
2
is equal to
dy –1 –3 –2 –3
d2y d2y dy d2y dy d2y dy
a) b) c) – d) –
dx 2
dx2 dx dx2 dx dx2 dx

Solution

d2x d dx d 1 d 1 dx –1 d dy 1
= = = = dy
dy2 dy dy dy dy dx dy dy 2 dx dx dy
dx dx dx dx
MATHEMATIC AIEEE 2011
S
Methods of Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION

Logarithmic differentiation

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Logarithmic differentiation
DIFFERENTIATION

y = ax y = xn
⇓ ⇓ y = x n or y = (sin x)x
dy dy
= ax ln a = n xn–1
dx dx

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
dy
x
y = x Find DIFFERENTIATION
dx

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
dy
x
y = x Find DIFFERENTIATION
dx
Solution Method – I : Logarithmic differentiation
y = xx
ln y = x ln x
Differentiate w.r.t x
1 dy 1
⋅ = x x + ln x
y dx
dy
= y (1 + ln x)
dx
dy
= xx (1 + ln x) MATHEMATIC
dx
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
dy Fundamental Identity
y = xx Find DIFFERENTIATIONexlnx = elnxx = xx
dx
Solution Method – II : Using exponential form and composite differentiation

y = xx = exln x
Differentiate w.r.t x
dy d
= (exln x)
dx dx
d
= exln x ⋅ (x lnx)
dx
= xx ⋅ 1x + lnxMATHEMATIC x
) = x (1 + lnx )
(x S
Methods of Differentiation

Example: If then is

C
D

AIEEE 2006
Methods of Differentiation

Example: If then is

A B C D

Solution:

AIEEE 2006
Methods of Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION

Trigonometric Substitution based problems

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Substitution Method
DIFFERENTIATION
Example
1–x dy
If y = tan –1
√
1+x
; ⏐x⏐ < 1 then find
dx

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation

Substitution Method Substituting,

DIFFERENTIATION x = cos 2θ
Example 1 – cos 2θ
1–x dy
=√ 1 + cos 2θ
If y = tan–1
√
1+x
; ⏐x⏐ < 1 then find
dx = √
2sin2θ
2cos2θ = tanθ
Solution cos–1 x
–1
y = tan (tanθ) = θ =
2
We had used
cos–1 x x = cos 2θ
y=
2
cos–1 x
θ =
dy 1 ⋅ –1 2
=
dx 2 √ 1 – x2 MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
DIFFERENTIATION
If y = log √ x2 +1 – x dy
then find
√x 2
+1 + x dx

MATHEMATIC
S
Methods of Differentiation
Example
Substituting, x = tanθ
DIFFERENTIATION
√ x2 +1 –x dy
√ x2 +1 = √ (tan θ)2 +1
If y = log then find
√ x2 +1 +x dx
= √ sec2θ = secθ
Solution
secθ – tanθ
y = log
secθ + tanθ

(secθ – tanθ)2
= log
sec2θ 1– tan2θ

= log (secθ – tanθ)2

MATHEMATIC
y = 2 log (secθ – tanθ)
S
Methods of Differentiation

Solution y = 2 log (secθ – tanθ)

dy d DIFFERENTIATION dθ
= (2 log(secθ – tanθ)) ⋅
dx dθ dx
1 d –1
= –2 (secθ tanθ – sec 2
θ) ⋅ (tan x)
(secθ – tanθ) dx
⋅
dy d (tan–1 x)
= –2 secθ ⋅
dx dx
dy d (tan–1 x)
= –2 secθ ⋅
dx dx
d (tan–1 x)
= –2 √ 1 + tan2θ ⋅
dx
1 MATHEMATIC
=
–2
= –2 √ 1 + x2 ⋅
1+x 2
√1 S
+ x2
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Fri: Differentiation - 2
Mon: Differentiation - 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday: Graph Transformations
Sunday: Decoding Calculus - 1
All the very best :-)
DREAM ON!