SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT SIMPLE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USOS USOS USOS USOS

1. Hábitos. Cosas que pasan regularmente.
Ej: I go there every weekend.
2. Situaciones permanentes.
Ej: Mary lives in Cordoba.
3. Cosas que son siempre verdad.
Ej: People like going out with friends.
The sun sets in the West.
4. State verbs
Sense: appear, hear, look like, see, taste
Feeling: like, hate, love, prefer, want, wish
Thinking: agree, believe, forget, know, think,
understand
PRESENT
1. Para hablar de acciones que están ocurrien-
do en el momento.
Ej: I’m listening to music now.
2. Para hablar de situaciones temporales.
Ej: As I broke my leg two days ago, I’m not
working this week.
1. Acciones del pasado que tienen conexión 1. Acciones cuyos resultados son todavía apre-
con el presente o su resultado es obvio en el ciables en el presente.
presente. Ej: Ej: I’m exhausted. I have been working on this
• They have bought a new house. (=they can project all day.
live in it now).
• It has just started to rain. (=now, so bring the
washing in) 2. Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y
todavía continúan en el presente. Expresa la
• You’ve spilt the coffee all over my trousers –
look! duración de la acción a diferencia del Pre-
sente Perfect Simple.
2. Acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado sin
Ej: I’ve been writing for two hours.
especificar CUANDO.
Ej: He has been to London. Pres. Perf. Simple > I’ve written six reviews.
3. Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y
continúan en el presente (often with for and
since). Ej:
• We’ve built 20 new schools this year. (=it is
still this year)
• I’ve worked there for two months.

Possession: belong to, contain, have, own
Being: be, exist
Other: cost, depend on, mean, need
ADVERBS
A) Frequency adverbs: always, often, usually,
generally, frequently, occasionally, sometimes,
rarely, seldom, hardly ever, never.
B) Frequency expressions:
Every.........,
Once/twice a............,
Three/four times a................,
On + (any day of the week)
Day by day, weekly, monthly, daily, yearly, each
day, regularly...!
C) At first..., then, still ...
4. Para acciones con expresiones como:
Already, just, yet, before, ever, never, often, recently,
still…
Ej:
•Rain has already ruined the tomato crops.
•Have you ever seen a UFO?
•They haven’t sent an astronaut to Mars yet.
ADVERBS ADVERBS ADVERBS
A) Para referirnos a ahora: At present, currently, A) Lately/Recently ! A) Todas las partículas del present perfect
now, !right now, at the moment, at !this moment B) For/since ! !B) This week, month, year !
B) Contrastando con un !hábito: Today C) Already/yet/still*/just EJ: I have been learning English this year
Ej: I usually play football but today I am playing D) Never, ever ! C) All +expresión de tiempo (day, week, year)
tennis!
E) How long ! EJ: !I have been studying all day
C) Para referirnos al futuro:
F) So far, up to now (hasta el !momento) ! !D) Since when..?
This afternoon, week...
G) Today !
Tonight
H) This morning .... !
Tomorrow
I) Después de adjetivos y !superlativos Ej: This
Next week, month... is the !worst film I have seen !
J) The first time, the only time Ej. This is the
second time he has won the lottery.

OTHER FORMS OF FUTURE

1. Present simple – Horarios. 2. Present continuous – Citas o planes fijos. 3. Be going to • Predicciones basadas en algo obvio, que se
Ej: The train leaves at 10:30 Ej: I’m meeting Eve after this class. • Planes/intenciones. puede ver.
Ej: I’m going to study this evening. Ej: Look at that big black cloud. It’s going to rain.

 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT SIMPLE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
USOS
1. Para hablar de creencias, opiniones, espe-
ranzas y predicciones futuras. (a menudo van
acompañadas por maybe, perhaps, probably,
definitely). Ej:
2. Decisiones espontáneas.
• In the next century, most people will proba-
FUTURE
USOS USOS USOS
1. Se usa para expresar lo que estará ocurrien- 1. Para hablar sobre una acción que estará 1. Para hablar de la duración de una actividad
do en momento concreto del futuro. completada para un momento concreto del que ha estado en progreso antes de un momen-
Ej: futuro. Ej: to concreto del futuro.
• I’ll have finished this assignment by Saturday. Ej: By 2001 I will have been living in London for
• Where will you be living in five years’ time?
(Today is Tuesday, Rosie will finish at any time sixteen years.
• We’ll be holding a meeting soon, so we can
decide then. up to Saturday, but not later)

bly live in big cities.

• I feel very tired, so I’ll have a rest.
ADVERBS
A) Tomorrow, this evening, in an hour, at 2
o’clock, later, next month, soon, in a few weeks,
st
in the future, on 1 May.
B) Probably, maybe, perhaps !
C) I hope / expect / think / !believe / suppose /
guess...
D) I am not sure !
USOS
1. Para hablar de acciones, eventos o situacio-
nes que empezaron y terminaron en el pasado.
Ej: I enjoyed the film we saw last night.
2. Para describir acciones habituales en el
pasado (es necesario el adverbio de frecuencia)
Ej: Every day we got up early and went to the
beach.
PAST
ADVERBS
A) At this time tomorrow /next (week), on
Thursday, in the next decade
Ej:
• This time next week I will be sunbathing in
Bali.
• Just think, next Monday you will be working
in your new job.
USOS
1. Para describir una actividad en proceso del
pasado ocurriendo durante un período de
tiempo concreto.
Ej: At nine o’clock I was sitting in the cinema.
(The film was from 8 to 10)
2. Para hablar de una actividad pasada que
estaba ocurriendo cuando otra acción la inte-
rrumpió. Ej:
• I was having my lunch when Ruth phoned.
ADVERBS ADVERBS
A) By the time (+vb in present) / By June / By the
end of (the week) By next Sunday / By this time
next week / By 3 o’clock / By then / In four
months
Ej:
• I’ll have finished all my homework by tomor-
row morning.
• We won’t have become fluent in Spanish by
the time we leave Mexico.
USOS USOS
1. Hablar sobre un evento que ocurrió antes de 1. Para hablar de acciones que estaban en pro-
otro evento del pasado. Ej: greso hasta el momento en el que otra acción
• When I had bought some fruit I went back to tuvo lugar. Ej:
the beach. They had been climbing for five hours before
they reached the top of the mountain.
• After they had eaten, they cleared the table.
• When I arrived at the party, Mary had left.
• By the time he came, we had left.

While I was waiting for the bus, I met Karen.

3. Para hablar de dos acciones incompletas en
proceso en el pasado ocurriendo a la misma
vez
ADVERBS ADVERBS ! ADVERBS ADVERBS
A) Ago ! A) While/As ! A) (Before + past simple) + (past perfect) A) That / Those + day, week
B) Yesterday ! Ej: Josh called while I was watching the news. Ej: Before she went to the zoo, Jane had read a lot B) Todas las partículas del Present Perfect
C) Last ! A lot of people arrived as we were leaving. about elephants
D) The previous (day, week...) ! B) When ! B) (After + past perfect) + (past simple)
E) The (day, week...) before ! Ej: He was walking to work when he fell. !Ej: After the family had had breakfast, they went
to the zoo.
C) At that moment / All day long ! / The whole
day...! C) Todas las partículas del present perfect !

SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS PERFECT

CONDITIONAL 1. Para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas o bastante improbables del futuro. 1. Para hablar de cosas que podrían haber ocurrido en el pasado.
Ej: If it rained, you would get wet.!If I spoke Italian, I would be working in Venice.
Ej: If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.