Contents

Lesson 1 Present tenses (Simple, Cont, St. verbs) 3

Lesson 2 Past tenses 1 (Simple, Perfect, Perfect C) 4

Lesson 3 Past tenses 2 (Cont, Perfect, Perfect C) 5

Lesson 4 Future t e n s e s 6

Lesson 5 Other future forms 7

Lesson 6 Revision of tenses 8

Lesson 7 Passive Simple: Revision 9

Lesson 8 Passive: Continuous a n d Perfect 10

Lesson 9 Other Passive Forms 11

Lesson 10 Conditionals Part 1 12

Lesson 11 Conditionals Part 2 13

Lesson 12 Other conditional forms 14

Lesson 13 Reported Speech P a r t 1 15

Lesson 14 Reported speech/embedded questions 16

Lesson 15 Gerund a n d infinitive 17

Lesson 16 Modals R e v i s i o n 19

Lesson 17 Modals in the past 20

Lesson 18 Phrasal verbs 21

Lesson 19 Prepositional phrases 23

L e s s o n 20 Idioms 25

Dictionary 27

Practice Part

2
 Lesson 1 PRESENT TENSES (Simple, Continuous, State verbs)

Present Simple Present Continuous

V(s) am/is/are+Ving
is used for: is used for:
1. repeated actions and habits 1. activities which are in progress now
- She always drinks coffee with sugar. - I’m waiting for you!
- He doesn’t go to work on Saturdays. - He’s still sleeping.
2. facts and general truth 2. temporary situations
- The sun sets in the west. - She is working in Paris this week.
- Water boils at 100°C. - Jenny is studying Chinese this year.
3. permanent situations or states 3. changing or developing situations
- She prefers to keep silent. - Ben is getting taller and taller.
- They live in New-York. - I am getting really angry.
4. timetables and programs (future 4. fixed arrangements
meanings) - I’m meeting my boss tomorrow at 5.
- The race starts at 3 p.m. - Mary is coming back on Tuesday.
- The train arrives on Tuesday.
5. frequently repeated actions expressing
5. narrations, instructions, commentaries annoyance or criticism (with words
- Ronaldo takes the ball and scores! always, constantly)
- A man goes to the doctor and says … - He is always wearing casual clothes at
6. headlines in newspapers or magazines work!
- A thief steals two million dollars from the 6. with some state verbs which mean
bank. actions
- Bengal tigress gives birth to three - The chef is tasting the dish now. It
cubs. tastes really great!
Time markers: every day/month/year, Time markers: now, at the moment, at
usually, sometimes, always, rarely, often, in present, today, tonight, still, nowadays,
the morning/evening, on Mondays, at night while/meanwhile

State Verbs Present Simple Present Continuous

Appearance: appear, resemble, seem He looks good in this We’re looking at him
shirt. because he looks good.
Composition: consist of, contain, have, involve
I’m weighing myself
Connection: come from, concern, cost, fit, suit She weighs 50 kilos.
now.
Existence: be, exist
I’m seeing the dentist
Knowledge: forget, realize, understand, mean I see you.
tomorrow.
Likes and dislikes: dislike, hate, like, love, prefer He thinks he’s really I’m thinking about his
Needs and wants: need, want, wish clever. offer.
Opinion: believe, doubt, imagine, suppose, think He appears to be He is appearing on the
Possession: belong to, have, own, owe, possess working. stage.
Senses: feel, hear, notice, see, smell, sound, taste Ann is feeling the cat’s
The silk shirt feels soft.
fur.

3
 Lesson 2 PAST TENSES 1 (Simple, Perfect,Perfect Continuous)

Past Simple Present Perfect

ed/V2 have/has +V3
is used for: is used for:
1. repeated actions in the past and past 1. recently completed actions whose
habits results are visible at present
- When he was young, he rode his bike to - I have bought a new dress. (you can see it
school. on me)
- I liked to buy newspapers every morning. - Look! You have broken my new phone.
2. an action or event which happened at a 2. actions which happened within a period
stated time in the past of time which is not finished
- She finished her new project last week. - Jane has done a lot today.
- They played baseball yesterday. - I haven’t seen my boss this week.
3. series of completed actions in the past 3. experiences or accomplishments of
- He got in the car, started the engine individuals and humanity
and drove off. - She has tried windsurfing.
- I went to the restaurant, ate my meal and - I have received a degree in Biology.
then I went to the cinema with my friends.
4. actions that started in the past and
4. completed actions not connected to the continue up to present with state verbs
present - Mrs Jones has been a secretary for 10 years.
- Elvis Presley made lots of records. - We have been friends since my childhood.
- Leonardo DiCaprio starred in different
famous films.
Time markers: just, ever, never, already,
Time markers: yesterday, last week/year, yet, recently, so far, since, for, today, this
(how long) ago, in 2009, when week/month/year

Present Perfect Continuous

Used to
have/has+been+Ving
is used to: is used to:
describe past habits which are not present 1. describe actions that started in the past
now (anymore) and continue up to present moment
- I used to smoke 2 years ago. (but I - He has been washing his car for 2 hours.
don’t smoke now.) (he started 2 hours ago and he’s doing it now)
- He used to drive a small car. (but he
2. express anger or annoyance
drives a big one now) - Someone has been using my laptop!
- She didn’t use to work hard in the - I have been waiting for you for 3 days!
past. Where have you been?
- Did you use to work on new projects
at your last job? Time markers: since, for, just, how long,
already, yet, recently, so far, , today, this
week/month/year

4
 Lesson 3 PAST TENSES 2 (Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Cont.)

Past Continuous Past Perfect

was/were +Ving had+V3
is used for: is used for:
1. an action which was in progress at a 1. an action which happened before
stated time in the past another past action
- They were arguing at 2 p.m. yesterday - She had already cooked dinner when her
- He was working for my company at that husband came back home.
time. - We had organized the meeting before the
employees came to the office.
2. past action which was in progress when
another (short) action interrupted it 2. an action which happened before a
- He was playing football when he broke his stated time in the past
ankle. - He had offered that plan by that time.
- When I met her, she was riding a horse in - We hadn’t invited them by last Monday.
the park.
3. an action which finished in the past and
3. two or more long actions which were whose result was visible in the past
happening at the same time - When I saw Ben yesterday he was happy
- He was cooking while she was sleeping. because he had found a new job.
- While we were working, our boss was - They were so nervous because their chief
relaxing on the beach. had offered them a new project.
4. frequently repeated annoying actions in Time markers: after, before, by the time, by,
the past for, since, already, yet, never, just
- He was always interrupting my speech!
- You were constantly cancelling our
Past Perfect Continuous
meetings! had+been+Ving
5. background description to events in a is used to:
story/description
- They were travelling to the USA when1. describe an action which lasted for
this mysterious story began. some time in the past and finished
- It was raining hard and people were before another past action
trying to get home after work. - Her fingers ached because she had been
playing the guitar all the day.
- By the time he came back home, his wife was
Time markers: still, while/meanwhile, at watching a cooking program for an hour.
that moment, for, during, from…to (till) …, at
(5 p.m.) yesterday, all the day/night, when 2. describe past action which lasted for
some time and finished before a certain
moment in the past
- They had been discussing this issue for 3
hours by that time.
- She had been checking her work for 2
days by yesterday.

Time markers: for, since, during

5
Lesson 4
Future Simple
will +V
is used for:
1. on-the-spot (immediate) decision
- It’s cold in here. I’ll turn on the heating.
- I’m so thirsty. I’ll drink something.
2. actions or predictions which we think
may (not) happen in the future
- She’ll probably win the game.
- I think, he won’t come in time.
3. actions which we cannot control but
which will definitely happen
- She will give birth to her baby next month.
- He will be 20 next month.
4. promises, hopes, fears, offers, warnings
- We hope he will appreciate your help.
- I’m afraid I won’t help you.
Time markers: still, while/meanwhile, at
Time markers: tomorrow, tonight, next that moment, for, during, from…to (till) …, at
week/month/year, in (2) days, soon, in 2025 (5 p.m.) tomorrow, all the day/night, when
Future Perfect
will have + V3
is used for:
1. an action which will be finished before
a stated time in the future
- They will have finished building their
house by May.
- I will have completed all the tasks by 8
p.m.
2. an action which will be finished before
another action in the future
- You will have prepared all the
documents by the time your lawyer
arrives.
- Jack will have found a new job by the
time his boss fires him.
Time markers: before, by, by then, by the
time, till/until (only in negative sentences)
FUTURE TENSES
Future Continuous
will be +Ving
is used for:
1. future actions in progress
- I’ ll be sleeping all the day tomorrow.
- They will be discussing their new project
during the week.
2. actions which will be in progress at a
stated future time
- We will be searching the net at this time
tomorrow.
- She won’t be talking to you at 2 p.m.
3. actions which will definitely happen in
the future as a result of a routine or
arrangement (instead of Present Cont.)
- I’ll be playing golf on Friday.
Future Perfect Continuous
will have +been +Ving
is used to:
emphasize the duration of an action up to
a certain time in the future
- By this time next month he will have been
studying piano for 2 years.
- They will have been living together for 50
years by 2050
Time markers: by… for
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 Lesson 5 OTHER FUTURE FORMS
Present Simple Present Continuous
V(s) am/is/are +Ving
is used for: is used for:
timetables and programs fixed arrangement in the near future
- The boat leaves at 8 o’clock in the morning. - I’ m meeting my dentist at 5 p.m. tomorrow
- The shop closes at 8 p.m. - She’s having dinner with her boss this
evening.

To be going to
To be to| to be due to| to be about to
am/is/are + going to +V
is used for:
1. “To be to” is used with official orders
1. personal intention for future and arrangements
- My friends are going to move soon. - We are to decide it right now.
- She is not going to study French in the - They are about to start the ceremony.
future.
2. “To be due to” is used to talk about fixed
2. future predictions based on physical events happening within a specific time
(visual) evidence (timetables, arrangements)
- Look! The clouds are grey! It’s going to rain! - I am due to start working on a new project.
- Be careful! You are going to fall! - She isn’t due to organize a meeting for
their new colleagues.
3. “To be about to” is used for actions
which will happen very soon
- We are about to leave.
- Are you about to finish your project?

ATTENTION! There are important rules which must be followed while using future
tenses and constructions:

The manager will see you as soon as he comes out of the meeting.
We never use
future forms As long as he comes to talk to me, I’ll provide him with information.
after:
- as soon as I’ll buy a new sofa when I get paid.
- as long as
- after
If she meets him, she will start a serious discussion about these problems.
- before
- by the time
- if By the time they get money, we will have sold our house to other people.
- unless
- in case I will help you in case you help me.
- when
She will be working when I come back home.

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 Lesson 6 REVISION OF TENSES

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

1) It's happening now A recently completed An action started in the

A regular action 2) Talking about plans action with a visible past, but
3) Annoying habit result at present continues till now

V(s) am/is/are+Ving have/has +V3 have/has + been +Ving

Present

+ He speaks English + He is sleeping + He has bought a car + He has been practising

- He doesn’t speak English - He is not sleeping - He hasn’t bought a car - He hasn’t been practising
? Does he speak English ? Is he sleeping ? Has he bought a car ? Has he been practising

Always | usually Now | at the moment | Already | just | never |

For 2 hours | for a long time
sometimes | every day while | still | next week | ever | since | for | yet |
| since that time | all month
often | seldom today today | this week
An action finished at a 1) A long action at the An action that happened An action started in the
specific stated time in the past before another action in past and continued up till
time in the past 2) Annoying past habit the past another action in the past

Ved/V2 was/were +Ving had + V3 had+ been+Ving

Past

+ He spoke English + He was sleeping + He had bought a car + He had been practising
- He didn’t speak English - He wasn’t sleeping - He hadn’t bought a car - He hadn’t been practising
? Did he speak English ? Was he sleeping ? Had he bought a car ? Had he been practising

Last week | yesterday At 5 o'clock yesterday
| month ago | long | while | when | at that
time ago | in 1990 moment
An action that will A long action at a
happen in the future stated time in the
future
By last year | before | For | since | till/until |
| after | by 3 o'clock | before | after | by the
yesterday time
An action that will be A long action before
completed by a some point in the future
particular moment

will+ V1 will be + Ving will+have+V3 will +have +been +Ving

Future

+ He will speak English + He will be sleeping + He will have bought + He will have been practising
- He won’t speak English - He won’t be sleeping - He won’t have bought - He won’t have been practising
? Will he speak English ? Will he have bought ? Will he have been practising
? Will he be sleeping

Tomorrow | next At 5 o'clock tomorrow By next year | before |

For a few months | for 2
summer | in 2 hours | the | for 2 hours | while | | after | by 3 o'clock
weeks | till next year
day after tomorrow at that moment tomorrow

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 Lesson 7 PASSIVE SIMPLE: REVISION

Present Simple Passive

Usage of Passive
Passive is used when:
1. the agent (the person who does the
action) is unknown, unimportant or
obvious from the context
Repairs are made to the car (the agent is
obvious)
2. we are interested more in the action
than the person who carries it out, such
as in reports, instructions, headlines,
advertisements, notices etc.
The whole area was evacuated (news
report)
3. we want to make statements more
formal or polite
My new dress was ruined (not - You ruined
my dress)
am/is/are+Ved/V3
is used for:
1. repeated actions and habits
- Flowers are watered every day.
- Two cups of coffee are drunk by her in
the morning.
2. facts and general truth
- The Internet is used by millions of people
- Clothes are made by designers.
3. permanent situations or states
- This music is heard from the building
every Monday.
- The USA is visited by many tourists.

4. to put emphasis on the agent

The Pyramids were built by the ancient
Egyptians.

Past Simple Passive Future Simple Passive

was/were +Ved/V3 will be + Ved/V3
is used for: is used for:
1. repeated actions in the past and past action that will happen in the future
habits
- Museums were visited by me. - The house will be built.
- He was helped to tidy the garage. - The contract will be signed next week.
- The meeting won’t be organized by the
2. an action or event which happened at a manager.
stated time in the past - He will be awarded with a Nobel prize.
- The new school was opened by the major
last year.
- That football match was played yesterday.
3. series of completed actions in the past
- The floor was swept, the kitchen was
washed and the pets were fed.

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 Lesson 8 PASSIVE CONTINUOUS AND PERFECT

Present Continuous Passive Present Perfect Passive

am/is/are+being+Ved/V3
is used for:
1. actions which are happening at the
moment
- The skyscraper is being built at the moment.
- These programs are being developed now.
2. temporary situations
- This project is being discussed this week.
- She is being asked a lot of question today.
3. changing or developing situations
- Ben is getting taller and taller.
- I am getting really angry.
Past Continuous Passive
was/were+being +Ved/V3
is used for:
1. an action which was in progress at a
stated time in the past
- Trees were being planted by volunteers at 2
p.m. yesterday
- The show was being performed all the day.
2. past action which was in progress when
another (short) action interrupted it
- The meal was being prepared when the light
went off.
3. two or more long actions which were
happening at the same time
- The information was being collected while
important actions were being discussed.
have/has+been+Ved/V3
is used for:
a recently completed action with a
visible result at present
- My flat has been repaired recently.
- All these problems have been discussed
on today’s meeting.
Past Perfect Passive
had+been+Ved/V3
is used for:
an action which happened before another
past action or a stated time in the past
- All the tickets had been sold before we
got there.
- After the decision had been made, it was
announced to the public.
Future Perfect Passive
will have+been+Ved/V3
is used for:
an action which will be completed before
a particular moment in the future
- The project will have been completed by
next month.
- Dinner will have been served by 7 p.m.

ATTENTION! There are no passive forms of Future Continuous, Present Perfect

Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous and Future Perfect Continuous.
x The street will be cleaned at 5 p.m. (not – The street will be being cleaned at 5 p.m.)
x The wall has been painted since Monday (not – The wall has been being painted since Monday)
x The patient had been checked by noon (not – The patient had been being checked by noon)
x The room will have been cleaned before we come (not – The room will have been being
cleaned)

10
 Lesson 9 OTHER PASSIVE FORMS

Passive with modals and “to be

Usage of Passive
going to”

x verbs which are not followed by an object x Passive is sometimes used with modals
cannot be changed into the passive
active: Marry feeds the dog.
passive: The dogs are fed by Marry.
but: They sleep early every night (this sentence passive: Your lifestyle must be changed.
cannot be changed into passive)
x with verbs which take two objects we
can make two different sentences
active: They offered Ann a job.
passive 1: Ann was offered a job.
passive 2: A job was offered to Ann.
x by+agent is used to say who or what
carries out the action
x with+material/ingredient/instrument is
used to say what the agent used to carry
out the action
- The cake was made by Ann.
- It was made with eggs, flour and butter.
(modal verb+be+Ved/V3)
active: You should change your lifestyle.
active: They can’t understand him.
passive: He can’t be understood.
x Passive is sometimes used with modals
(am/is/are+going to+be+Ved/V3)
active: I’m going to check this information.
passive: This information is going to be
checked.
active: We aren’t going to interview this
politician.
passive: This politician isn’t going to be
interviewed.

Causative Form
have or get + object + Ved/V3

is used: to say that we have arranged for someone to do something for us

David arranged for the builder to build a garage. – David had a garage built.
(He didn’t do it himself, a builder did it)

Present Simple Mechanic fixes Ann’s car. Ann has her car fixed.
Present Continuous Mechanic is fixing Ann’s car. Ann is having her car fixed.
Past Simple Mechanic fixed Ann’s car. Ann had her car fixed.
Past Continuous Mechanic was fixing Ann’s car. Ann was having her car fixed.
Future Simple Mechanic will fix Ann’s car. Ann will have her car fixed.
Future Continuous Mechanic will be fixing Ann’s car. Ann will be having her car fixed.
Present Perfect Mechanic has fixed Ann’s car. Ann has had her car fixed.
Past Perfect Mechanic had fixed Ann’s car. Ann had had her car fixed.
Future Perfect Mechanic will have fixed Ann’s car. Ann will have her car fixed.
Modals Mechanic must fix Ann’s car. Ann must have her car fixed.

11
 Lesson 10 CONDITIONALS PART 1
Conditional 0
If Present Simple, Present Simple
is used to:
1. express general truth (something which 1. talk about unreal (imaginary) situations
is always true)
- Water freezes if the temperature is 0.
- If water freezes, it turns into ice.
- If you want to travel abroad, you need an
international passport.
2. express habitual activities or repeated
situations
- If I don’t have breakfast, I’m hungry all the
morning.
- I feel sleepy, if I don’t drink coffee.
- We get home late, if we miss the bus.
Conditional 1
If Present Simple, Future Simple
is used for:
1. a possible/real situation in the present
or future
- If you finish work early, we’ll go for a
walk.
- If it rains outside, we won’t go to the
cinema.
- I’ll tell him hello, if I see him.
2. normally we don’t use “if+will” together
- If it will rain, we will stay at home. -
incorrect
- If it rains, we’ll stay at home. – correct
- If I’ll see him, I’ll ask his e-mail. –
incorrect
- If I see him, I’ll ask his e-mail. - correct
Conditional 2
If Past Simple, would/could + V1
is used to:
in present and future
- If I had money, I would travel around the
world. – (but I don’t have money – not true
about present)
- If she didn’t drink coffee, she would be
sleepy today - (but she is full of energy)
2. give advice
- If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
- I wouldn’t move anywhere, If I were him.
- I would find a new job, if I were you.
Conditional 3
If Past Perfect, would/could+have+V3
is used to:
1. talk about unreal (imaginary) situation
in the past
- If he hadn’t ridden his bike, he wouldn’t have
broken his arm that night (but he rode and
broke his arm)
- If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have
missed the train (but we didn’t and missed)
2. express regrets or criticism
- If you hadn’t worked all night, you wouldn’t
have overslept.
- If he had trained more, he wouldn’t have lost
the game.
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 Lesson 11 CONDITIONALS PART 2
Conditional 2
If Past Simple, would/could + V1
is used:
1. to talk about imaginary situations
contrary to facts in present
- If I knew her name, I would tell you.
- If he was here, he would help us.
- I would ask you, if I didn’t know the answer.
2. to make suggestions in polite way
- If you helped us, we would appreciate it.
- Would it be ok if you came a little bit later?
3. “were” is very often used instead of
“was”
- If I were there, I would help you.
- If she were rich, she would buy a new car.
4. “could” and “might” are sometimes used
instead of “would”
- If I had relatives abroad, I could move to
them.
- If you asked me nicely, I might get you some
information.
5. we can omit “if” (in formal and literary
style), in this case the order of words
changes
- Were I you, I would speak to her.
- Could he find this information, he would do it.
Mixed Conditionals
Type 3+2
If Past Perfect, would/could + V1
it describes unreal conditions in the
past and their possible result at present
- If I had accepted that job, I would be a
millionaire now.
- If she had married him, she would live
happily now.
- If you had entered a collage 6 years ago,
you would be a teacher today.
Conditional 3
If Past Perfect, would/could+have+V3
is used:
1. to talk about imaginary situations
contrary to facts in the past
- If you had asked for advice, I would have
helped you.
- He would have sent this letter yesterday, if
he hadn’t written it so slowly.
2. “could” and “might” are sometimes used
instead of “would”
- If they had run faster, they could have won
the competition.
- I might have realized this mistake, if I
hadn’t been so tired.
3. we can omit “if” (in formal and literary
style), in this case the order of words
changes
- Had he known, he would have told it.
- Hadn’t she realized it, she wouldn’t have
changed her behavior.
- Had we finished the project on time, we
would have got a bonus.
Type 2+3
If Past Simple, would/could+have+V3
it describes unreal conditions at present
and their possible (unrealizable) result
in the past
- If I were invited, I would have come.
- If she didn’t love him, she wouldn’t have
married him.
- If I were richer I would have bought that
huge house last year. (I didn’t buy the house
because I’m not rich in general)
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 Lesson 12 OTHER CONDITIONAL FORMS
If only
1. regret about a present situation we
want to be different
Present: If only + Past Simple
- If only I were richer.
- If only you had more free time.
2. regret that something happened or
didn’t happen in the past
Past: If only + Past Perfect
- If only I had taken your advice.
- If only we hadn’t forgotten our tickets at
home!
3. wish for a future change unlikely to
happen
Future: If only + would + V1
We don’t use “would” with “I”. We use
- If only I would go with you to the concert
“could” instead of it.
tonight!
Unless
the structure “unless” means “if not” and
is normally used with Conditional 1
- If you don’t reserve a ticket, you won’t get a
seat.
- Unless you reserve a ticket, you won’t get a
seat.
Providing / Provided (that)/
Supposing / As long as
these expressions can be used instead of
”if”:
- You will get a seat providing/provided
(that)/supposing/as long as/ if you
reserve a ticket.
- Supposing it rains, will you still go for a
picnic with him?
I wish
x wish about a present situation we want
to be different
Present: I wish + Past Simple
- I wish we were not so tired today.
x regret that something happened or
didn’t happen in the past
Past: I wish + Past Perfect
- I wish you had joined us yesterday.
x impossible wish for a future change
Future: I wish + would + V1
- He wishes he would go on a business
trip instead of you.
If so (not)
after “if” we can use “so” or “not” in order
not to repeat the same clause
- Are you hungry? If so, the food is in the fridge.
- I might see you tonight. If not, we can meet
tomorrow.
In case / On condition (that)/
Otherwise (or else)
these expressions can be used instead of
”if”:
- Reserve a ticket, otherwise/ or else
you won’t get a seat.
- In case it rains, will you still go for a
walk with him?
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 Lesson 13 REPORTED SPEECH PART1

Direct Speech Reported Speech

is the exact meaning of what someone said
is the exact words someone said but nor exact words
“I won’t be back before 7:00”, he said. He said he wouldn’t be back before 7:00.
Present Simple Past Simple
“I work hard”, he said. He said he worked hard.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
“I am working hard”, he said. He said he was working hard.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
“I have worked hard”, he said. He said he had worked hard.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
“I have been working hard”, he said. He said he had been working hard.
Past Simple Past Perfect
“I worked hard”, he said. He said he had worked hard.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
“I was working hard”, he said. He said he had been working hard.
Past Perfect Past Perfect
“I had worked hard”, he said. He said he had worked hard.
Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
“I had been working hard”, he said. He said he had been working hard.
Will Would
“I will work hard”, he said. “I would work hard”, he said.
“I will be working hard”, he said. “I would be working hard”, he said.
“I will have worked hard”, he said. “I would have worked hard”, he said.
“I will have been working hard”, he said. “I would have been working hard”, he said.
Can Could May Might Must Had to
“I can work hard”, he said. “I could work hard”, he said.
“I must work hard”, he said. “I had to work hard”, he said.
“I may work hard”, he said. “I might work hard”, he said.
ATTENTION! There are some other important rules:
1. Imperative sentences are changed into the verb with “to”:
Direct: “Don’t move!” he told me. - Reported: He told me not to move.
Direct: “Move!” he told me. - Reported: He told me to move.
2. For general truth or when the speech is made and reported at the same time (so
the fact is still true) – we don’t change the tense
Direct: “I’m thirsty!” Michael said. - Reported: Michael said he is thirsty.
Direct: “People in Africa are starving” Emma said. - Reported: Emma said that people in Africa
are starving.

15
 Lesson 14 REPORTED SPEECH/ EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Reported Time and Place Reported Questions

Direct Reported We change the question according to rules
of reported speech. “If” (or “whether”) is
x Here x There often used in reported questions. They can
x Ago x Before also be used with question words as
x Before x Earlier (what/when/why).
x Last week x The week before To report a question we use:
x Next week x The next/following week x ask+if/whether+affirmative sentence
x Now x Then/at that moment x ask+question word+affirmative sentence
x This x That Direct: “Is he happy?”, she asked.
x These x Those Reported: She asked if /whether he was happy.
x That x That
x This morning x That morning Direct: “What are you doing?”, she asked.
x Today x That day Reported: She asked what I was doing.
x Tomorrow x The next/following day
x Tonight x That night Direct: “Have they been to Paris?”, she asked.
x Yesterday x The day before; the Reported: She asked if /whether they had been
previous day to Paris.

Direct: “Must I help you?”, she wondered.

Reported: She wondered if /whether she had to
help me.

Direct: “Where did we go?”, she asked.

Reported: She asked where they had gone.

Embedded questions

We use “embedded questions” to ask information/advice. Such questions are usually

introduced with: Could you tell me…? Do you know…? I wonder… I want to know…
To make such questions we use the following structures:
x Could you tell me/I wonder + if/whether + affirmative sentence
x Could you tell me/I wonder + question word + affirmative sentence

- I wonder whether/if I should phone her.

(I wonder should I phone her? - incorrect)
- Could you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
(Could you tell me where is the nearest bus stop? - incorrect)
- Do you know how many questions she had answered before we came?
(Do you know how many questions had she answered before we came? - incorrect)
- I want to know what you did yesterday.
(I want to know what did you do yesterday?)

16
 Lesson 15 GERUND AND INFINITIVE

Infinitive Gerund

Infinitive is the form of the verb with
particle “to”.
To learn is important.
x infinitive can be made negative by
adding “not”
I decided not to go there.
x infinitive can be used both as a subject
or an object of the sentence
- To swim isn’t her hobby.
- She hates to swim
A “gerund” is a noun made from a verb by
adding “-ing”.
Reading helps you learn English.
x gerund can be made negative by adding
“not”
He enjoys not working.
x gerund can be used both as a subject or
an object of the sentence
- Swimming isn’t her hobby.
- She hates swimming.

Infinitive is used: Gerund is used:

x to express purpose (in order to) x after prepositions
She went to the bank to get some money. - He is good at playing football.
x after certain verbs (advise, hope, agree) - Don’t leave without saying good-bye.
He advised me to apply for the job. x after certain verbs (avoid, deny, fancy)
x after verbs such as know/ask/decide - You should avoid smoking.
which are followed by question words - I really fancy talking about politics.
- I don’t know where to go and what to do. x after “go” for activities
- She asked me how to get this information. - I never go shopping with my friends.
x after adjectives (nice, glad, sorry, happy) - Let’s go dancing!
I was glad to see you! x after: it’s no use/ it’s (not) worth / can’t
x after too and enough help / can’t stand / there’s no point in
- She was too shy to talk to the manager. - There’s no point in waiting for the bus.
- She wasn’t brave enough to talk to him. - It’s not worth doing!
x after it+be+adjective(+of+noun/pronoun)
- It was kind of him to help us.
- It will be nice of you to tell me the truth.
ATTENTION! Infinitive is sometimes used without particle “to”. It is called “bare
infinitive”:
x after modal verbs
I must study and work hard!
x after the verbs let, make, see, hear, feel, help
- They made him pay for it.
- He will help me choose the present for my friend.
x after had better and would rather
- I had better not visit them today.
- You would rather go home now.

17
 Verbs followed by infinitive Verbs followed by gerund
Verb Example Verb Example
afford afford to buy admit admit not working
agree agree to do that adore adore swimming
appear appear to be happy appreciate appreciate helping
arrange arrange to meet avoid avoid checking
ask ask to go with me can't stand can't stand lying
care care to join confess confess stealing
choose choose to come back consider consider doing
decide decide to finish delay delay working
demand demand to pay deny deny cheating
deserve deserve to get enjoy enjoy travelling
determine determine to follow fancy fancy watching TV
expect expect to see feel like feel like dancing
get sb get him to resign finish finish working
help (to) help wash forgive forgive losing money
hope hope to win imagine imagine flying
intend intend to buy involve involve working
learn learn to walk keep keep reading
manage manage to teach mention mention meeting
need need to study mind don’t mind cleaning
offer offer to drink miss miss travelling
plan plan to return postpone postpone working
promise promise to come practice practice saying
refuse refuse to answer quit quit smoking
seem seem to finish recommend recommend sleeping
tend tend to work hard report report watching
want want to watch resent resent drinking
wish wish to become risk risk driving
would like would like to visit suggest suggest walking
understand understand painting
Verbs followed by both infinitive and gerund
advise allow attempt begin
continue hate like/dislike love
prefer start try plan
regret forget* remember* stop*
*These verbs can be followed by infinitive and gerund with the change of meaning!
Forget: I forgot locking the door. (I locked it but then I forgot that I had done it)
I forgot to lock the door. (I didn’t do it. The door isn’t locked)
Remember: I remember lending you money. (I remember the act of giving you money)
I remember to lend you some money. (I didn’t forget about it)
Stop: I stopped drinking apple juice. (I don’t drink it anymore)
I stopped to drink apple juice. (I stopped my work and started drinking juice)

18
 Lesson 16 MODALS REVISION

Can Could
- ability in the present - ability in the past
He can fly an airplane. He could ski very well when he was.
- asking permission (informal) - asking permission (formal)
Can I go swimming? Could I have a look at your report?
- suggestions - suggestions
We can go to the cinema tonight. We could go to the cinema tonight.

May Might
- permission in the present - permission in the past
Passengers may take only one handbag on board She might use all my documents yesterday.
- possibility in the present or future - possibility in the present/future (and past)
Where’s Julia? – She may be at work now. She might take the bus to get home.

Must Have to
is only used to talk about the present or is mostly used to talk about past and future
nearest future - I had to organize the meeting. (Past Simple)
- obligation, necessity, duty - She will have to finish her speech. (Future
You must stop when the traffic light is red. Simple)
- prohibition, strong advice - Will they have to go on a business trip next
You mustn’t park here. month? (Future Simple)
You must behave well. - They have had to give her a task. (Present
- logical assumption Perfect)
They must be the boy’s parents.

Both “must” and “have to” can be used in Present Simple but with different meaning:
x “must” is used when a speaker decides that something is necessary
I must find a hotel to stay at night.
x “have to” is used if somebody else has made a decision (not a speaker)
I have to wear uniform at work.
Should Ought to
advice advice (moral necessity)
- I think you should change your job. - You ought to be more careful.
- We shouldn’t speak so loudly. - We ought to help our parents.

Be able to Be allowed to
is used to show that someone had (or will is used to talk about permission in the past
have) the ability to do something in and future
particular situation in the past (or future) - We were not allowed to discuss these issues.
- I was able to climb to the top of the mountain. - They will be allowed to wear casual clothes at
- She will be able to help me tomorrow. work.

19
 Lesson 17 MODALS IN THE PAST
Should have + Ved/V3
is used to express regrets that something
happened/didn’t happen
- I should have left my house earlier.
- We shouldn’t have yelled at you yesterday.
- You shouldn’t have announced this
information.
Must have + Ved/V3
is used to express certainty (the speaker is
almost 100% sure)
- He didn’t answer my call. He must have had a
meeting with a client.
- He must not have been in the office.
- I can’t see her. She must have left the room
earlier.
May have + Ved/V3
is used to express uncertainty in the past
- He may have been late because I didn’t see
him.
- I think he may have bought a new car.
- She may have made this decision some time
ago but she didn’t inform us about it.
Didn’t need to + V1
It shows that an action did not happen in It shows that an action happened in the
the past because we knew it was not past even though it was not necessary
necessary
- He didn’t need to wash the car. - (It wasn’t
necessary so he didn’t wash it)
- He didn’t need to take an umbrella. - (It
wasn’t necessary so he didn’t take it)
- They didn’t need to organize this meeting. -
(It wasn’t necessary so they didn’t do it)
- You didn’t need to book the table at that
restaurant.
Could have + Ved/V3
is used to express possibility which did not
happen
- Are you crazy? We could have had an accident.
- They could have won the game but they failed
it.
- We could have seen them yesterday but they
were not at home.
Would have + Ved/V3
is used to imagine a result (if something
had been different in the past)
- If we had arrived earlier, we would have
caught our flight.
- They wouldn’t have made mistakes if they
knew the truth.
- They would have seen you if you came.
Might have + Ved/V3
is used to express uncertainty in the past
- He might have forgotten about her birthday.
- The place looks so neat! They might have
cleaned it yesterday.
- I might have read this book earlier but I’m
not sure.
Needn’t have + Ved/V3
- She needn’t have washed the car. - (It wasn’t
necessary but she washed it)
- He needn’t have taken an umbrella. - (It
wasn’t necessary but he took it)
- They needn’t have organized this meeting. -
(It wasn’t necessary but they did it)
- He needn’t have called me today.
20
 Lesson 18 PHRASAL VERBS

A phrasal verb is a verb formed from two (or sometimes three) parts:
- a verb + an adverb / preposition (particles) – slow down, put on, set apart

Most phrasal verbs are formed from a small number of verbs (for example, get, go,
come, put, set) and a small number of particles (for example, away, out, off, in, on, by).

Phrasal verbs sometimes have meanings that can be easily guessed but in most cases
their meanings are quite different from the meanings of the verbs they are formed from.

Sometimes the object can be placed between the verb and the particle. Sometimes they
are inseparable.

Phrasal verb Meaning Example sentence

break down get upset The woman broke down when the police
told her that her son had died.
stop functioning (vehicle, Our car broke down at the side of the
machine) highway in the snowstorm.

break in interrupt The TV station broke in to report the

news of the president's death.

break into sthg enter forcibly The firemen had to break into the room
to rescue the children.

break up end a relationship My boyfriend and I broke up before I

moved to America.
The kids just broke up as soon as the
start laughing (informal)
clown started talking.

call sthg off cancel Jason called the wedding off because he
wasn't in love with his fiancé.

calm down relax after being angry You are still mad. You need to calm down
before you drive the car.

not care for sby/ sthg not like (formal) I don't care for his behavior.

check in arrive and register at a hotel or We will get the hotel keys when we check
airport in.

check out leave a hotel You have to check out of the hotel before
11:00 AM.
look at (informal)
Check out the crazy hair on that guy!

cheer up become happier She cheered up when she heard the good
news.

21
come across sthg find unexpectedly I came across these old photos when I
was tidying the closet.

come apart separate The top and bottom come apart if you
pull hard enough.

count on sby/ sthg rely on I am counting on you to make dinner

while I am out.

eat out eat at a restaurant I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let'seat
out.

figure sthg out understand, find the answer I need to figure out how to fit the piano
and the bookshelf in this room.

find out discover We don't know where he lives. How can

we find out?

get over sthg recover from an illness, loss, I just got over the flu and now my sister
difficulty has it.

get together meet (usually for social Let's get together for a BBQ this
reasons) weekend.

give up stop trying My maths homework was too difficult so

I gave up.

go against sby compete, oppose We are going against the best soccer
team in the city tonight.

hang on wait a short time (informal) Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!

hold on wait a short time Please hold on while I transfer you to the
Sales Department.

look for sby/ sthg try to find I'm looking for a red dress for the
wedding.

make up forgive each other We were angry last night, but wemade
up at breakfast.
apply cosmetics to My sisters made me up for my
graduation party.
run out have none left We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash
my hair with soap.
take after sby resemble a family member I take after my mother. We are both
impatient.
turn up appear suddenly Our cat turned up after we put posters
up all over the neighborhood.
work out exercise I work out at the gym three times a week.
Our plan worked out fine.
be successful

22
 Lesson 19 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
A prepositional phrase is a serious of words made up of a preposition and its object:
a preposition + an object (noun/pronoun/gerund)
In formal English, prepositions are almost always followed by objects.
Adjectives can be placed between the prepositions and objects in prepositional phrases.
Prepositional phrases can act as adverbs or adjectives.
Preposition Verbs
ask; forgive; beg; blame; pay; wait; admire;
for like; punish; apologize; account; care; search
example: I apologize for my behavior. He's
blamed for being too rude.
begin; provide; compare; agree; deal; cope;
sympathize; collide; argue
with
example: They provide families with housing. I
agree with you – you are absolutely right.
consist; remind; accuse; take care; smell,
dream, approve; think; die; taste; hear
of example: I've just thought of a new idea. Please
take care of yourself on holiday. I've never heard
of him.
decide; congratulate; agree; concentrate;
depend; insist; rely; count; bet; spend time;
on example: We agreed on the price. I spent all my
money on books as a student.
refer; say; speak, shout, apply, go, listen,
belong; adapt; add; adjust; admit; explain;
to prefer; look forward
example: She admitted to cheating on the test.
They adjusted to their new environment.
arrive; look; shout; laugh; joke; stare
at
example: We usually arrive at the same time.
Why are you staring at me? Don't laugh at me.
dream; know; forget; laugh; worry; quarrel;
hear; warn; think; argue
about example: The doctor warned her about smoking.
I think about you all the time.
come; stop; resign; recover; suffer; differ;
borrow; protect; translate
from
example: Where do you come from? He needs to
recover from the stress.
believe; succeed; involve; persist; include;
arrive
in example: I believe in God. He's involved in this
game. I persist in firing him.
Nouns
reason; reputation; respect; order;
responsibility; excuse; demand; cheque;
right; recipe; search
example: Working is a good excuse for
leaving home. He has demand for money.
relationship; trouble; contract;
agreement; harmony; difficulty
example: We have a trouble with our
children.
price; cost; opinion; example; cause;
hope; idea; lack; map; description;
advantage;
example: The price of these shoes is
incredible. She has lack of patience.
tax; advice; expert; talk; book; attack;
example: The tax on rent is rather high. He's
an expert on math.
alternative; reply; solution; reaction;
objection; damage; thanks; attitude;
invitation; addiction; devotion
example: Finally we found a solution to your
problem. I need you reply to this.
at a good price; at short notice;
at your convenience; at a profit/loss
example: You can buy jewelry at a good
price before the Christmas.
debate; information; argument;
hesitation; quarrel; discussion/opinion
example: We had an argument about our
duties. Let's have discussion about men.
phone call; departure; fall; protection;
extract;
example: I got a phone call from Olga last
week. This extract is from the movie.
delay; increase; expert; failure; in
general; in a hurry; in debt; in advance
example: We'll tell you about the price in
advance.
23
Preposition Adjectives Examples of phrases
pleased; disappointed; satisfied; bored; fed with the help of; with regret; with no doubt;
up; crowded; angry with sb; furious with sb; without hesitation
annoyed with sb; delighted
with
example: He looked very pleased with his new
girlfriend. She's annoyed with his bad habits.
We're very bored with working on this project.
I'm fed up with these silly children!
exited; worried; upset; sorry; angry about to be about; nowhere about; out and about;
smth; furious about smth; serious; to be all about
about enthusiastic; doubtful; annoyed about smth;
crazy; disappointed

example: The Ministry was annoyed about

criticism in the paper. Why are you so angry
about it?
be / feel sorry; be for fun; for fear; for pleasure; for the
responsible/famous/suitable/ appropriate moment; for sale; for a while; for now; for
the moment; forever; for short; for life; for
for example: I feel sorry for Kate's child. He's ill now. luck; for better; for worse; for a change
This salary is suitable for me. Fiona is famous for
her pancakes. We're responsible for Tim since
he's a new worker here.
similar; married; nice; kind; good; (im)polite; to my surprise; to the point; to your health;
rude; (un)pleasant; (un)friendly; cruel; close; to some degree; to your advantage; to our
allergic amazement; to some extent
to
example: She has always been very nice / kind to
me; I think Jack is very rude to his wife; We were
cruel to Sam when we suggested him to read
more.
nice; kind; good; stupid; silly; intelligent; by means of; out of order; out of mind; out of
clever; sensible; (im)polite; rude; breath; out of money; out of time; out of
unreasonable; ashamed; capable; careful; control; out of the way; out of reach
of certain

example: Thank you it was very nice / kind of you

to help me. It was clever of you to bring a
dictionary to the conference. It's silly of her to
hope that she'll avoid a test.
surprised; shocked; amazed; astonished; by chance; by mistake; by accident; by the
by satisfied way; by hand; by e-mail; by cheque; by no
means; by bus/train; by
example: I was really shocked by his behavior at example; day by day; by fax/phone; by the
the party. We're surprised by the news. He's rules
astonished by her new hairdo. I was amazed by
this new thriller.
interested; rich in pairs; in general; in conclusion; in time; in
cash; in addition; in danger; in favour of; in
in example: He's interested in learning Spanish. This future; in other words; in pencil; in haste
territory is rich in minerals.
on my own; on condition that; on no account; on average; on foot; on duty; on the other
hand; on fire; on the floor; on holiday; on business trip; on purpose; on the left; on the
on right; on the phone; on the screen

from time to time; from place to place; from bad to worse; from my point of view; from
from morning to night; from now on

24
Lesson 20 IDIOMS

An idiom is an expression where the meaning is different from the meaning of

individual words. The best way to understand an idiom is to see it in context.

Most idioms are fixed in their forms but sometimes the grammar and vocabulary can be
varied slightly.

Many idioms are mostly used in informal conversations rather than in writing or formal
language.

Idiom Meaning Example sentence

(with someone or
to be fed up with something): to be out of
patience
fishy strange or suspicious
to horse around to fool around/hang around
to pull someone's leg to tell ridiculous stories
all thumbs somebody very clumsy
to turn someone off to disgust somebody
to kick the bucket to die
to feel like a million to feel so happy
dollars
to be on top of the to be extremely happy
world
to survive from salary to
to make ends meet salary
the early bird to get up really early in order
catches the worm to get a better place or thing
when each person pays their
to go Dutch
expenses, usually on a date
to cost an arm and a to be very expensive
leg
to tie the knot/get to get married
hitched
to drink great quantities of
to drink like a fish alcohol
I'm really fed up with his behavior!
It was fishy when he said he was at work
yesterday.
We spent two hours horsing around
before he came.
Jack likes to pull our legs by making up
these stories.
I guess I'm all thumbs because I broke
your new vase.
His new haircut really turns me off.
Her dad kicked the bucket very suddenly
after the accident.
I feel like a million dollars with this
haircut!
Jane is on top of the world before her
wedding.
After Rose lost her job she barely makes
ends meet.
You should get up earlier! You know that
the early bird catches the worm!
I think it’s necessary to go Dutch on the
first date.
This car cost me an arm and leg!
Sarah and Jim finally tied the knot this
summer.
He sometimes drinks like a fish at parties.

to take extra precautions to

I’ve checked all information because I
to be on the safe side reduce a possibility to make
prefer to be on the safe side.
mistakes
25
 someone who has a wide
a walking range of information about
encyclopedia
many subjects
favorite student of the
teacher's pet teacher
time to get back to the
blue Monday routine
when a store or company has
to go bust no money it goes out of
business
bribe; money will let a
golden key person do anything they
want
A large sum of money given
to an employee to encourage
golden parachute him (when he leaves his
position)
to make false or inaccurate
to cook the book entries to make profits look
better
for a song for very little money
to catch someone to find somebody doing
red-handed something bad or criminal
a person who tries to be like
wannabe
someone else
to owe more money than you
to be in the red have
to give somebody a to look at someone in a
dirty look disapproving way
to have butterflies in to be nervous before an
stomach important event
to keep a straight to look serious even if
face something is very funny
to be up to your neck to be very busy doing
in smth something
relationship when people
on-off relationship often break up and get back
again
to be very interested in
to be really into smth something
to be washed out to be very tired
It seems to me you know everything!
You’re real walking encyclopedia!
I've never been the teacher's pet because
of my behavior.
I hate blue Mondays.
This company went bust last year.
He got a golden key so he can travel
anywhere now.
Mike got a golden parachute and moved
to Majorca with his wife.
This result is fishy. They may have
cooked the book.
I sold these books for a song.
He was caught red-handed when he
worked for this company.
He is really wannabe person!
Rose is always in the red ever since she
got divorced.
They gave me a bit dirty look! I don’t even
know why.
I have butterflies in my stomach because
I’m passing my exam tomorrow.
It was so difficult to keep a straight face
when he joked.
I’m up to my neck because I need to finish
my project in time.
They are a terrible couple! They have on-
off relationship.
Tom is really into computers.
I'm really washed out after this meeting.
26
 DICTIONARY
Lesson 1 – Present Tenses
to cover [ˈkavə] покрывать to wrap [ræp] упаковывать

to release [rɪ'liːs] выпускать to appear [əˈpɪə] появляться

stunt [stʌnt] трюк, фокус to assume [əˈsjuːm] полагать

survival [sə'vaɪv(ə)l] выживание to concern [kənˈsɜːn] иметь отношение

to support [sə'pɔːt] поддерживать exhausted [ɪgˈzɔːstid] изнуренный

to succeed [sək'siːd] иметь успех to keep up with следовать за

to appreciate ценить destination пункт назначения

Lesson 2 – Past Tenses 1

to hesitate [ˈhɛzɪˌteɪt] колебаться to own [əʊn] владеть

hairdo [ˈhɛəˌduː] прическа for ages [eɪdʒ] целую вечность

to nag [nӕg] ворчать to develop [dɪˈvɛləp] развивать

to mention [ˈmɛnʃən] упомянуть to announce [əˈnaʊns] объявить

to pick up поднимать launch [lɔːnʧ] начало, запуск

rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] мусор accident [ˈæksɪdənt] несчастный случай

to fill [fɪl] заполнять ambulance скорая помощь

Lesson 3 – Past Tenses 2

to suppose [səˈpəʊz] предполагать to run smth [rʌn] управлять чем-л.

in fact [fækt] фактически restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃən] ограничение

takeaway ['teɪkəweɪ] еда на вынос exaggeration преувеличение

favour [ˈfeivə] услуга to combine [kəmˈbaɪn] сочетать

to skip [skɪp] пропускать indeed [ɪn'diːd] действительно

to hand in [hænd ɪn] сдавать, вручать extended [ɪk'stendɪd] расширенный

to set off отправляться starving ['stɑːvɪŋ] голодающий

27
 Lesson 4 – Future Tenses
customer ['kʌstəmə] покупатель deliberate [dɪ'lɪb(ə)rɪt] умышленный

announcement объявление attempt [ə'tempt] попытка

to score [skɔː] забивать гол to take place происходить

to accept [ək'sept] принимать to ship [ʃɪp] отправлять

thief [θiː] вор shelter ['sheltər] убежище

exhibition ['eksi'biʃn] выставка to abandon [ə'bændən] покидать

reconstruction реконструкция attitude ['ætɪt(j)uːd] отношение

to boost [buːst] повышать to contain [kən'teɪn] содержать

Lesson 5 – Other Future Forms

accomplishment достижение to intimidate запугивать

a suburb [ˈsʌbɜːb] окраина, пригород to accompany сопровождать

to gossip сплетничать immediately немедленно

to postpone откладывать strict строгий

to cancel ['kæns(ə)l] отменять independent независимый

to whisper [ˈwɪspə] шептать to scratch [skræʧ] царапать

to revise [rɪ'vaɪz] повторять fine [faɪn] штраф

tool [tuːl] инструмент breakage [ˈbreɪkɪdʒ] поломка

Lesson 6 – Revision of Tenses

to attend [ə'tend] посещать embarrassing смущающий

to curse [kɜːs] проклинать to yell [jel] кричать

bullying ['bulɪŋ] запугивание dim [dɪm] тусклый

to interact взаимодействов. to spoil [spɔɪl] испортить

enormous [ɪˈnɔːməs] огромный outgoing [ˌaut'gəuɪŋ] дружелюбный

to cram [kræm] зубрить victim ['vɪktɪm] жертва

to pretend [prɪ'tend] притворяться to attach [ə'tæʧ] прикреплять

to urge [ɜːʤ] заставлять to provide [prə'vaɪd] предоставлять

28
 Lesson 7 – Passive Simple: Revision
hardship ['hɑːdʃɪp] трудность to explore [ɪk'splɔː] исследовать

to overcome преодолеть topic ['tɔpɪk] тема, вопрос

vacant ['veɪk(ə)nt] свободный majority [mə'ʤɔrətɪ] большинство

annual ['ænjuəl] ежегодный approach [ə'prəuʧ] подход

visible ['vɪzəbl] видимый to neglect [nɪ'glekt] пренебрегать

essential [ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] важнейший to detect [dɪ'tekt] обнаруживать

to predict [prɪ'dɪkt] предсказывать doubt [daut] сомнение

to vanish ['vænɪʃ] исчезать, пропадать weird [wɪəd] странный

Lesson 8 – Passive: Continuous and Perfect

variety [və'raɪətɪ] разнообразие flexible ['fleksəbl] гибкий

security [sɪ'kjuərətɪ] безопасность absurd [əb'sɜːd] нелепый

obvious ['ɔbvɪəs] очевидный evidence ['evɪd(ə)ns] доказательство

to conclude [kən'kluːd] делать вывод frequent ['friːkwənt] частый

to resist [rɪ'zɪst] сопротивляться to reveal [rɪ'viːl] обнаруживать

challenge ['ʧælɪnʤ] вызов, проблема to prohibit [prə'hɪbɪt] запрещать

source [sɔːs] источник to persist [pə'sɪst] упорствовать

tendency ['tendənsɪ] тенденция opponent [ə'pəunənt] соперник

Lesson 9 – Other Passive Forms

to expand [ɪk'spænd] увеличивать aware [ə'weə] осведомлённый

to persuade убеждать pedestrian пешеход

casual ['kæʒwəl] повседневный reckless ['rekləs] необдуманный

innovative новаторский abundant [ə'bʌndənt] обильный, богатый

capacity [kə'pæsətɪ] вместимость to estimate ['estɪmeɪt] оценивать

precaution [prɪ'kɔːʃn] предосторожность threat [θret] опасность, угроза

accurate ['ækjərət] точный appropriate соответствующий

grateful ['greɪtf(ə)l] признательный to absorb [əb'zɔːb] впитывать

29
 Lesson 10 – Conditionals Part 1
to emerge [ɪ'mɜːʤ] появляться prior ['praɪə] предшествующий

fragile ['fræʤaɪl] хрупкий to embrace [ɪm'breɪs] обнимать

to prosper ['prɔspə] процветать partial ['pɑːʃ(ə)l] частичный

to confirm [kən'fɜːm] подтверждать to detest [dɪ'test] не выносить

to acknowledge признавать to encourage ободрять, поощрять

to reject [rɪ'ʤekt] отклонять neutral ['njuːtr(ə)l] нейтральный

to deprive [dɪ'praɪv] отбирать, лишать to envy ['envɪ] завидовать

to exhibit [ɪg'zɪbɪt] выставлять awkward ['ɔːkwəd] неловкий

Lesson 11 – Conditionals Part 2

to respond [rɪ'spɔnd] отвечать to depict [dɪ'pɪkt] рисовать

to reckon ['rek(ə)n] полагать quote [kwəut] цитировать

awesome ['ɔːsəm] потрясающий to roam [rəum] бродить

despite [dɪ'spaɪt] несмотря на to attract [ə'trækt] привлекать

unite [juː'naɪt] объединять idle ['aɪdl] ленивый

excessive [ɪk'sesɪv] чрезмерный to refer [rɪ'fɜː] сверяться

to insist [ɪn'sɪst] настаивать на loyal ['lɔɪəl] верный, преданный

disaster [dɪ'zɑːstə] катастрофа prejudice ['preʤədɪs] предубеждение

Lesson 12 – Other Conditional Forms

volunteer [ˌvɔlən'tɪə] доброволец to assess [ə'ses] оценивать

witty ['wɪtɪ] остроумный faith [feɪθ] вера

adolescent подростковый to justify ['ʤʌstɪfaɪ] оправдывать

to obtain [əb'teɪn] приобретать naïve [nɑː'iːv] наивный

lottery ['lɔt(ə)rɪ] лотерея to convince убеждать

consequence (по)следствие confusion замешательство

event [ɪ'vent] событие influential влиятельный

illegal [ɪ'liːg(ə)l] незаконный to renew [rɪ'njuː] обновлять

30
 Lesson 13 – Reported Speech Part 1
mature [mə'ʧuə] зрелый coincidence совпадение

manual ['mænjuəl] ручной obstacle ['ɔbstəkl] препятствие

permanent постоянный vital ['vaɪt(ə)l] жизненный

gesture ['ʤesʧə] жест indifferent равнодушный

access ['ækses] доступ to seize [siːz] хватать

motion ['məuʃ(ə)n] движение occasionally время от времени

stable ['steɪbl] неизменный to cope with справиться с

obedient [ə'biːdɪənt] послушный to edit ['edɪt] редактировать

charity ['ʧærɪtɪ] благотворительность duration [djuə'reɪʃn] продолжительность

to depart [dɪ'pɑːt] отправляться genius ['ʤiːnɪəs] гениальный

customary привычный inspiration вдохновение

to coincide совпадать to substitute замещать

Lesson 14 – Reported Speech/Embedded Questions

to maintain обслуживать hazard ['hæzəd] риск, опасность

breakthrough прорыв, успех approximate приблизительный

efficient [ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nt] эффективный random ['rændəm] случайный

seasonal ['siːz(ə)n(ə)l] сезонный superstition суеверие

temporary временный hurricane ['hʌrɪkən] ураган

vintage ['vɪntɪʤ] старинный drought [draut] засуха

to crawl [krɔːl] ползать area ['eərɪə] территория

to grab [græb] схватывать to exploit ['eksplɔɪt] эксплуатировать

to wander ['wɔndə] странствовать rate [reɪt] уровень

passerby [ˌpɑːsə'baɪ] прохожий to force [fɔːs] принуждать

ambiguous сомнительный benefit ['benɪfɪt] выгода, польза

to contradict противоречить (to) impact ['ɪmpækt] влияние, влиять

31
 Lesson 15 – Gerund and Infinitive
Verbs followed by infinitive Verbs followed by gerund
afford позволять admit допускать
agree соглашаться adore обожать
appear появляться, appreciate ценить
arrange договариваться avoid избегать
ask просить confess признаваться
care беспокоиться can’t stand не выносить
choose выбирать consider рассматривать
decide решать delay откладывать
demand требовать deny отрицать
deserve заслуживать enjoy наслаждаться
determine решаться fancy увлекаться,
expect ожидать feel like желать, хотеть
get sb разрешено finish заканчивать
help помогать forgive прощать
hope надеяться imagine представлять
intend намереваться involve включать
learn учиться keep продолжать
manage суметь, справиться mention упоминать
need нуждаться mind (don’t mind) возражать
offer предлагать miss скучать
plan планировать postpone откладывать
promise обещать practice практиковаться
refuse отказываться quit перестать
seem казаться recommend рекомендовать
tend иметь склонность report сообщать
want хотеть resent возмущаться
wish желать risk рисковать
would like хотеть бы suggest предлагать
Verbs followed both by infinitive and gerund Verbs plus a preposition followed by a gerund
advise советовать apologize for просить прощение
allow позволять complain about жаловаться
attempt пытаться dream of / about мечтать
continue продолжать insist on настаивать
forget забыть look forward to с нетерпеньем ждать
intend намереваться object to возражать
prefer предпочитать participate in принимать участие
regret сожалеть take part in принимать участие
remember помнить think of / about думать
try пытаться win by выигрывать

32
 Lesson 16 – Modals Revision
fabric ['fæbrɪk] ткань, материя manners ['mænə] манеры

insurance страховка heritage ['herɪtɪʤ] наследство

firm [fɜːm] прочный, твёрдый to inherit [ɪn'herɪt] наследовать

to share [ʃeə] делиться to decay [dɪ'keɪ] разрушаться

to bypass ['baɪpɑːs] обходить to decline [dɪ'klaɪn] уменьшаться

pile [paɪl] куча, груда to enhance [ɪn'hɑːns] улучшать

transparent прозрачный audition [ɔː'dɪʃ(ə)n] прослушивание

skyscraper небоскрёб compatible совместимый

to surround окружать diverse [daɪ'vɜːs] разнообразный

to surrender сдаваться external [ɪk'stɜːn(ə)l] внешний

disgust [dɪs'gʌst] отвращение mutual ['mjuːʧuəl] взаимный

to giggle ['gɪgl] хихикать acquaintance знакомый

Lesson 17 – Modals in the Past

ancestor ['ænsəstə] предок odd [ɔd] странность

to devote [dɪ'vəut] посвящать option ['ɔpʃ(ə)n] вариант

addiction зависимость to provoke [prə'vəuk] провоцировать

to adore [ə'dɔː] обожать to rush [rʌʃ] торопить

to bear [beə] переносить surface ['sɜːfɪs] поверхность

passion ['pæʃ(ə)n] страсть to apply [ə'plaɪ] применять

equal ['iːkwəl] равный attachment привязанность

subsequence последствие dense [den(t)s] густой, частый

delight [dɪ'laɪt] удовольствие broad [brɔːd] обширный

disposal [dɪs'pəuz(ə)l] размещение to overdo [ˌəuvə'duː] перестараться

length [leŋ(k)θ] длина judgment ['ʤʌʤmənt] суждение

principle ['prɪnsəpl] принцип to fold [fəuld] сгибать

33
 Lesson 18 – Phrasal Verbs
break down расстроиться; сломать figure out вычислять, понимать

break in вмешиваться find out выяснить

break into вламываться get over преодолеть

break up расходиться get together собираться

call off отменять give up сдаваться

calm down успокаивать go against противостоять

care for (не) любить hang on ждать

check in регистрироваться hold on ждать, держаться

check out выехать; оценить look for искать

cheer up подбадривать make up краситься, мириться

come across наткнуться run out кончаться

come apart разваливаться take after походить на кого-либо

count on рассчитывать turn up неожиданно появляться

eat out питаться вне дома work out тренироваться

Lesson 19 – Prepositional Phrases – for, with, of

to beg for умолять to cope with [kəup] справляться

to punish for наказывать to collide with сталкиваться

demand for спрос with regret с сожалением

excuse for извинение, оправдание with no doubt без сомнения

recipe for рецепт without hesitation без раздумий

for fear из страха to accuse of обвинять

for sale на продажу to approve of одобрять

for short сокращенно lack of нехватка

for luck на счастье out of mind вылететь из головы

for a change для разнообразия out of reach вне досягаемости

34
 Lesson 19 – Prepositional Phrases – on, to, at, about
to insist on настаивать to your advantage выгодно для тебя
to rely on полагаться to our amazement к нашему удивлению

to count on рассчитывать to some extent в некоторой степени

on foot пешком at short notice немедленно

on my own самостоятельно at your convenience когда Вам угодно
on no account ни в коем случае at a profit выгодно
on purpose нарочно at a loss в затруднении
to adjust to привыкать hesitation about колебание
objection to возражение upset about расстроенный
addiction to склонность, зависимость doubtful about сомневающийся
damage to повреждение to be about скоро
devotion to преданность out and about в достаточно хорошей
форме
to the point по существу nowhere about нигде
to some degree в некоторой степени to be all about описывать суть события

Lesson 19 – Prepositional Phrases – from, in, by

to resign from уходить в отставку in cash наличными
to recover from выздоравливать in conclusion в заключение
to suffer from страдать in debt в долгу (-ах)
departure from отъезд in favour of в поддержку кого-л.
extract from фрагмент in haste поспешно
from my point of view с моей точки зрения in pencil карандашом
from now on в дальнейшем satisfied by удовлетворенный
to succeed in преуспевать by chance случайно
to include in включать в себя by the way кстати
to persist in упорствовать by hand вручную
interested in заинтересованный by mistake по ошибке
rich in богатый by no means никоим образом не

in a hurry спешно, быстро by the rules согласно правилам

in advance заранее day by day изо дня в день

35
 Lesson 20 – Idioms
to be fed up with
fishy
to horse around
to pull someone's leg
all thumbs
to turn someone off
to kick the bucket
to feel like a million dollars
to be on top of the world
to make ends meet
the early bird catches the worm
to go Dutch
to cost an arm and a leg
to tie the knot/get hitched
to drink like a fish
to be on the safe side
a walking encyclopedia
teacher's pet
blue Monday
to go bust
golden key
golden parachute
to cook the book
for a song
to catch someone red-handed
wannabe
to be in the red
to give somebody a dirty look
to have butterflies in stomach
to keep a straight face
to be up to your neck in smth
on-off relationship
to be really into smth
to be washed out
надоесть
сомнительный, подозрительный
возиться, шуметь, слоняться без дела
дурачить
неуклюжий
наскучивать, внушать отвращение
умирать
чувствовать себя на все сто
быть на седьмом небе от счастья
сводить концы с концами
кто рано встаёт, того удача ждёт
платить свою часть, 50-50
стоить дорого
пожениться
пить запоем, беспробудно пьянствовать
на всякий случай
ходячая энциклопедия
любимчик учителя
тяжёлый понедельник
обанкротиться
взятка, подкуп
крупная денежная компенсация, выдаваемая при
уходе на пенсию или при увольнении
подделывать (счета)
очень дёшево, за бесценок
поймать с поличным
поклонник, амбициозный человек
быть в долгах
посмотреть неодобрительно
нервничать
сохранять невозмутимый вид
по горло, по уши
отношения, когда люди то расстаются, то мирятся
сильно увлекаться
сильно устать
36
DICTIONARY

37
38
 Lesson 1 PRESENT TENSES (Simple, Cont., State verbs)
This stunt appears to be interesting.
These actors are appearing on the stage at Эти актер появляются на сцене в
the moment.
Why are you feeling my fur coat?
This band constantly releases new songs
and albums.
I always appreciate his support in any
difficult situations.
You really dislike the fact that I’m always
trying to keep up with you!
It looks like he’s succeeding with work on
this project of the company.
I’m thinking of changing my decision
about final destination of the trip.
She often feels exhausted when she
succeeds at her job.
He assumes the length of our route to be
about 30 miles.
The problem concerns us all.
The universities are appealing to the
governments for more money.
Look! He’s wrapping the tube in a piece of
white paper!
I prefer to be free from survivals of the
past.
It looks amazing! The snow is covering
the roof of our house!
I realize how my words have been
changed.
We suppose that the situation will
improve
The company owes its success to its
excellent training program.
What do you mean by that?
They involve him in the new project at
present.
Этот фокус кажется интересным.
данный момент.
Почему ты прикасаешься к моей шубе?
Эта группа постоянно выпускает новые
песни и альбомы.
Я всегда ценю его поддержку в любых
сложных ситуациях.
Тебе действительно не нравится тот
факт, что я всегда пытаюсь следовать за
тобой.
Кажется, он преуспевает с работой над
проектом компании.
Я подумываю о смене своего решения о
пункте назначения поездки.
Она часто чувствует себя измученной,
когда преуспевает на работе.
Он полагает, что длина нашего
маршрута 30 миль.
Эта проблема касается всех нас.
Университеты призывают
правительство выделить больше денег.
Смотри! Он оборачивает тюбик в кусок
белой бумаги!
Я предпочитаю быть свободным от
пережитков прошлого.
Выглядит замечательно! Снег
покрывает крышу нашего дома.
Я осознаю, что мои слова были
изменены.
Мы предполагаем, что ситуация
улучшится.
Компания обязана своим успехом
прекрасной тренировочной программе.
Что Вы хотите этим сказать?
В данный момент они вовлекают его в
новый проект.
39
 Lesson 2 PAST TENSES 1 (Simple, Perfect,Perfect Cont.)

She hesitated to act. Она не решалась действовать.

She's absent now. She has gone for a
hairdo.
His wife has been calling for an
ambulance for half an hour!
There haven’t been any train accidents
recently.
The launch of a ship was a big occasion.
Why have you been nagging about this
little problem all the day?
She forgot to mention where we should
meet.
Jim dropped his pen and bent to pick it up.
That terrible company has dumped
rubbish in the sea. It’s polluted now.
He announced the fact, but gave no
details.
The company has developed a totally new
product to succeed in this sphere.
I haven't seen him for ages.
My eyes filled with tears yesterday when I
heard that sad story.
We have owned this apartment for 10
years.
They used to appreciate my help but they Раньше они ценили мою помощь, но с
have become so angry lately.
I have been waiting for you for 3 days! Where Я ждала вас в течение 3 дней! Где вы
have you been?
Did you use to work on new projects at
your last job?
How long have you been working here?
Where have you been? I have been
looking for you for 2 hours.
They filled in the information and
mentioned several mistakes in the
document.
Ее сейчас нет. Она ушла делать
прическу.
Его жена звонила в скорую помощь в
течение получаса.
Недавно не было никаких
происшествий на железной дороге.
Спуск корабля на воду был большим
событием.
Почему ты ворчишь об этой маленькой
проблеме весь день?
Она забыла сказать, где нам
встретиться.
Джим уронил ручку и наклонился,
чтобы поднять её.
Та ужасная компания сбросила мусор в
море. Оно сейчас загрязнено.
Он известил о том, что произошло, но
не сообщил никаких подробностей.
Компания разработала совершенно
новый продукт, чтобы преуспеть в
этой сфере.
Я его не видел целую вечность
Мои глаза наполнились слезами вчера,
когда я услышал эту грустную
историю.
Мы владели этой квартирой в течение
10 лет.
недавних пор стали такими злыми.
были?
Вы работали над новыми проектами на
своей прошлой работе?
Сколько вы здесь проработали?
Где вы были? Я ищу вас на протяжение
2 часов.
Они заполнили информацию и
заметили несколько ошибок в
документе.
40
 Lesson 3 PAST TENSES 2 (Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Cont.)

They were travelling to the USA when this
mysterious story began.
They had organized an extended meeting
before they made a final decision.
He was starving all the day yesterday!
There hadn’t been any restrictions on
taking photos there by last year.
The members had decided to combine the
tennis club with the cricket club, forming
one sports club by last Monday.
You were constantly cancelling our meetings!
It was a real exaggeration to say that he
had ruined all our plans.
The contract had run out by last week.
They were so nervous because they chief had
offered them a new project.
The company continued to ship more
computer systems than its competitors.
I supposed him to be abroad.
They had been discussing this issue for 3
hours by that time.
They had asked me to do them a favour but Они просили меня сделать им услугу, но
I refused.
It was raining hard and people were trying to Шёл сильный дождь, и люди пытались
get home after work.
She was paying for the takeaway while he Она расплачивалась за еду на вынос в
was looking at her.
In fact we had expected better result than На самом деле мы ожидали результат
we got.
The plane was setting off when I saw it.
When I saw Ben yesterday he was happy
because he had found a new job.
He had handed me in the application
before they signed it.
Они путешествовали по США, когда
началась эта загадочная история.
Они организовали расширенное
собрание, перед тем как приняли
окончательное решение.
Вчера весь день он умирал от голода!
До прошлого там года не существовало
ограничений на фотографии.
Члены правления решили объединить
теннисный и крикетный клубы в один
спортивный клуб.
Ты постоянно отменял наши собрания!
На самом деле, было преувеличением
сказать, что он разрушил все наши
планы.
Контракт закончился к прошлой недели
Они так волновались потому, что их
начальник предложил им новый проект.
Компания продолжала перевозить
больше компьютерных систем, чем их
конкуренты.
Я думал, что он за границей.
К тому моменту они обсуждали этот
вопрос уже 3 часа.
я отказался.
добраться домой после работы.
то время, как он смотрел на нее.
лучше, чем получили.
Самолет взлетал, когда я его увидел.
Когда я увидел Бена вчера, он был
счастлив, потому что нашел новую
работу.
Он вручил мне заявление перед тем, как
они его подписали.
41
 Lesson 4
They will have provided customers with all
new products by next week.
The new directory will contain a lot of
useful addresses and telephones.
He will be demonstrating his negative
attitude all the week.
I will never abandon this wonderful place!
I hope prices on products won’t have
boosted by next year.
I think he won’t tell you any deliberate lie.
They’ll be making a public announcement
tomorrow at noon.
They will have started to work on
reconstruction of the road by the 5 of May реконструкцией дороги до 5 Мая.
th
By this time next month he will have been
studying piano for 2 years.
Nobody will be skipping the meeting from Никто не будет пропускать собрание
5 till 6 p.m. tomorrow.
She’ll be trying to find a shelter when she
finds out the truth.
Art gallery will be demonstrating these
pictures during the whole week.
This event will have taken place by 6 p.m.
They will have been living together for 50
years by 2050.
Probably this team won’t score more than
2 goals in tomorrow’s match.
We suppose thieves will spend several
years in that prison.
She won’t have attempted to get in touch
with him by next week.
I will accept your kind offer.
We hope he will appreciate your help.
FUTURE TENSES
Они предоставят клиентам все новые
продукты к следующей неделе.
Новый справочник будет содержать
много полезных адресов и телефонов.
Он будет демонстрировать свое
негативное отношение всю неделю.
Я никогда не покину это замечательное
место!
Я надеюсь, цены на продукты не
увеличатся до следующего года.
Я считаю, что он не соврет тебе
преднамеренно.
Они сделают публичное объявление
завтра в полдень.
Они начнут работать над
К этому моменту в следующем месяце он
будет учиться играть на пианино уже 2
года.
завтра с 5 до 6.
Она будет пытаться найти убежище,
когда выяснит правду.
Галерея будет демонстрировать эти
картины в течение целой недели.
Это событие произойдет к 6 вечера.
Они проживут вместе 50 лет к 2050
году.
Вероятно, эта команда не забьёт
больше двух голов в завтрашнем матче.
Мы предполагаем, что воры проведут
несколько лет в той тюрьме.
Она не попытается связаться с ним до
следующей недели
Я приму ваше любезное предложение!
Мы надеемся, что он оценит вашу
помощь.
42
 Lesson 5 OTHER FUTURE FORMS

If we all work together, I think we will Я думаю, если бы мы работали вместе,

accomplish our goal. мы бы смогли выполнить нашу задачу.
The bus to the suburbs of the city departs Автобус до окрестностей города
at 8 a.m. отправится в 8 утра.
Who's been gossiping about me? И кто тут обо мне распускает сплетни?
Мы должны начать работу над новым
I am due to start working on a new project.
проектом.
I’m about to postpone the important Я вот-вот отложу важную встречу из-за
meeting because of my headache. головной боли.
They are accompanying their colleagues to Они сопровождают своих коллег в
the airport tomorrow in the morning. аэропорт завтра утром.
By the time they get money, we will have sold К моменту, когда они получат деньги,
our house to other people. мы продадим свой дом другим людям.
Are you about to finish your project? Ты вот-вот закончишь свой проект?
Are you going to whisper a few words to Ты собираешься прошептать ей
her? несколько слов?
Employees are due to revise details of the Работникам нужно повторить детали
contract. контракта.
She isn’t due to organize a meeting for their Она не будет организовывать собрание
new colleagues. для своих новых коллег.
The enterprise is going to order new tools Предприятие собирается заказать
from this factory. новые инструменты на этой фабрике.
I’m not going to intimidate anyone to sign Я не собираюсь никого запугивать для
the contract. подписания контракта.
She is due to cancel our meeting and make us Она вскоре отменит нашу встречу и
pay the fine. заставит нас платить штраф.
As long as he comes to talk to me, I’ll provide Если он придёт поговорить со мной, я
him with information. предоставлю ему информацию.
They aren’t going to fix the breakage of the Они не отремонтируют поломку
tools if they are scratched. инструментов, если они поцарапаны.
Be careful! You are going to fall! Будь осторожен! Ты упадешь!
The strict boss will immediately punish the Строгий руководитель сразу накажет
irresponsible worker. безответственного работника.
Этот независимый журналист не
This independent journalist isn’t going to
собирается начинать расследование
start an investigation of this case.
этого случая.

43
 Lesson 6 REVISION OF TENSES

He did not attend the conference Он не присутствовал на совещании.

She was cursing all the troubles she faced
up with.
They won’t use his name in the article
about bullying.
Have these two companies been
interacting since last year?
I have never seen such enormous building
in my life.
Although there are no lessons this week,
the students are all cramming for next
week's tests.
He had pretended to be ill before they
found out the truth.
The speaker tried to urge the crowd to
show their reaction on the new law.
It was embarrassing to finish the project
later than everybody had expected.
She was yelling something to them but
they didn’t hear anything.
I couldn’t find anything because the light inЯ не мог ничего найти потому, что свет
the room was too dim.
He had been spoiling the report for 3 days
before everybody understood it.
She will have become an outgoing person
by the time she finishes the course.
The accident victim will have to spend some Жертва происшествия должна будет
time in the hospital.
They have attached all necessary
documents to the letter.
You will have been providing me with
information for 2 months by next year.
We are trying to urge these lazy workers to
be more effective at work.
He has interacted with the victim to get the Он взаимодействовал с жертвой, чтобы
true information.
She won’t be spoiling my mood all the day Она не будет портить мое настроение
tomorrow.
Она проклинала все проблемы, с
которыми столкнулась.
Они не будут использовать его имя в
статье о запугивании.
Эти две компании взаимодействовали с
прошлого года.
Я никогда в жизни не видела такого
громадного здания.
Хотя в эти дни занятий нет, студенты
усиленно зубрят, готовятся к тестам,
которые будут на следующей неделе.
Он притворился больным до того, как
они выяснили правду.
Оратор пытался заставить людей
выразить реакцию на новый закон.
Было стыдно закончить проект позже,
чем все ожидали.
Она им что-то кричала, но они ничего
не слышали.
в комнате был слишком тусклым.
Он 3 дня портил отчет перед тем, как
все это поняли.
Она станет общительным человеком к
моменту окончания курса.
провести какое-то время в больнице.
Они прикрепили все необходимые
документы к письму.
Ты будешь предоставлять мне
информацию
Мы пытаемся заставить этих ленивых
работников быть более эффективными
на работе.
получить правдивую информацию.
завтра весь день.

44
 Lesson 7 PASSIVE SIMPLE: REVISION
I am always asked a lot of weird questions
They were not chased by the police
yesterday
The amount of citizens will be increased in
a year
Important letters are brought to the
company every Thursday
I had a lot of doubts because something
weird was said by them.
These topics will be discussed by the
majority of citizens.
Are your ideas always understood?
I promise you all your hardships will be
overcome.
All essential changes were predicted last
year.
Money was stolen from the bank yesterday Деньги были украдены из банка вчера
The winning will be celebrated at the
weekend
These problems are detected by the
company workers every day.
The report was written with this pen
The annual meeting was neglected by you
yesterday.
New areas are explored by scientists every
day.
The contract was signed by the most
clients yesterday
I hope the new approach will be found as
soon as possible.
The note was found the day before
yesterday
They were laughed at after that accident.
Мне всегда задают много странных
вопросов.
Вчера их не преследовала полиция.
Число жителей возрастет через год
Важные письма приносят в компанию
каждый четверг.
У меня было много сомнений, потому
что они сказали что-то странное.
Эти темы будут обсуждаться
большинством жителей.
Твои идеи всегда понимают?
Я обещаю, что все твои трудности будут
преодолены.
Все важнейшие изменения были
предсказаны в прошлом году.
Выигрыш отпразднуют на выходных
Эти проблемы обнаруживаются
работниками компании каждый день.
Отчет был написан этой ручкой
Вчера ты пренебрег ежегодным
собранием.
Новые территории исследуются
учеными каждый день.
Контракт был подписан большинством
клиентов вчера.
Я надеюсь, что новый подход будет
найден как можно скорее.
Записка была найдена позавчера
Над ними смеялись после того
происшествия.
45
 Lesson 8 PASSIVE CONTINUOUS AND PERFECT
Variety of questions is being discussed at
the meeting of the company now.
The internal security has been provided to
all the workers and documents of the
company.
The challenge will have been accepted by
us by next week.
Company’s obvious results had been seen
before they signed all documents.
Unreliable sources were being used by the
journalist while he was writing that article.
More flexible timetable had been
suggested to us before we took the job.
All these absurd projects will have been
discussed by Monday.
This information hasn’t been crammed by
the workers.
These tools are being used to fix the
breakage at the moment.
Necessary security measures were being
followed by them all the year.
The breakage of the equipment hasn’t been
discovered by the workers
The strong opponent for the next match is
still being chosen.
Evidence was being looked for when police
found out the truth.
A tendency for people to work at their
homes rather than to go to offices has been
demonstrated recently.
He persisted in his opinion although it had
been discussed earlier.
A decision to organize more frequent
meetings had been made by last week.
We have been urged to cram all the details
of the contract.
I’m sure the truth will have been revealed
by the time he comes back home.
Cameras have been prohibited here so you
can’t take any photos.
Ряд вопросов сейчас обсуждается на
собрании компании.
Всем сотрудникам и документам
компании обеспечивалась внутренняя
безопасность.
Вызов будет принят нами до
следующей недели.
Очевидные результаты компании были
видны до того, как они подписали все
документы.
Журналист использовал ненадежные
источники, пока писал ту статью.
Перед тем как мы согласились на эту
работу, нам предложили более гибкий
график.
Все эти нелепые проекты обсудят до
понедельника.
Эта информация не была вызубрена
работниками.
Эти инструменты в данный момент
используются для ремонта поломки.
Необходимые меры безопасности
соблюдались ими весь год.
Поломка оборудования не была
обнаружена работниками.
Они все еще выбирают сильного
соперника для следующего матча.
Доказательства разыскивались, когда
полиция выяснила правду.
Недавно была продемонстрирована
тенденция, что люди предпочитают
работать дома, а не ходить в офис.
Он настаивал на своей точке зрения,
хотя его обсудили ранее.
К прошлой неделе было принято
решение организовать более частые
встречи.
Нас заставили вызубрить все детали
контракта.
Я уверена, что правда будет обнаружена
к моменту, когда он вернется домой.
Камеры были запрещены здесь, поэтому
ты не сможешь сделать фотографии.
46
 Lesson 9 OTHER PASSIVE FORMS
This project must be expanded.
This politician isn’t going to be
interviewed.
We got our essays checked.
I have my hair cut every month.
I remembered that I had had my car
washed.
Ann will be having her car fixed at 5
tomorrow.
I have my eyes checked once a year.
He has his car repaired at this car service
station.
Your lifestyle must be changed.
She had her dress ruined.
He had his car stolen.
I’m not going to be persuaded by them.
All precautions must be learnt and
followed by pedestrians.
Only accurate information is going to be
considered at the meeting.
These data shouldn’t be estimated by these
workers.
They had their window broken.
We were having our documents signed
when the conference finished.
I’ll have had my timetable changed by next
week.
The results of the meeting can be
concluded by the manager.
Этот проект должен быть расширен.
У этого политика не собираются брать
интервью.
Наши сочинения проверили.
Я стригусь каждый месяц.
Я вспомнил, что мою машину помыли.
Завтра в 5 Энн отремонтируют машину.
Мои глаза проверяют раз в год.
Его машину отремонтировали на этой
станции технического обслуживания.
Ты должен поменять свой стиль жизни.
Ей испортили платье.
Его машину угнали.
Они меня не убедят.
Пешеходы должны изучить и следовать
всем мерам предосторожности.
На собрании собираются рассматривать
только точную информацию.
Этим работникам не следует оценивать
эти данные.
Им разбили окно.
Наши документы подписывали, когда
конференция закончилась.
К следующей неделе мне поменяют
график.
Результаты собрания могут быть
подытожены менеджером.
47
Lesson 10 CONDITIONALS PART 1
If they have responsible attitude to their
tasks, they have perfect results.
It would be strange if the ice cream did not
melt at such temperature.
If coffee contained less caffeine, tea would
become less popular.
If she hadn’t done her best, she would not
have become so famous.
If something does not work, I will do my
best to fix it.
You'll find life much easier if you smile
more often.
If you mix red and white, you get pink.
We wouldn't have come by taxi if we had
found the right bus.
If they had emerged on time, we wouldn’t
have waited for them.
If the vase is so fragile, be careful with it!
If you acknowledge the truth, it will help
you to solve the problem.
Nobody would buy that picture, if the
gallery didn’t exhibit it.
The workers of the company will be
encouraged, if they get a pay rise.
Will they embrace each other if they meet
at the airport?
If they hadn’t rejected all our suggestions,
we would have signed a contract.
If they confirmed the meeting, we would
discuss all the details.
If you don’t envy other people, you will be
happy.
Awkward situation happens if you forget
something important.
Если они ответственно относятся к
своим задачам, они получают
идеальные результаты.
Было бы странно, если бы мороженое
не таяло при такой температуре.
Если бы кофе содержал меньше
кофеина, чай стал бы менее популярен.
Если бы она не постаралась, она бы не
стала такой знаменитой.
Если что-то не будет удаваться, я
приложу все усилия, чтобы починить
это.
Жизнь Вам покажется намного проще,
если Вы будете улыбаться чаще.
Если ты смешиваешь красный и белый,
то получаешь розовый (цвет).
Мы бы не приехали на такси, если бы
нашли нужный автобус.
Если бы они появились вовремя, мы бы
их не ждали.
Если ваза такая хрупкая, то будь с ней
осторожен!
Если вы признаете правду, это поможет
вам решить проблему.
Никто бы не купил ту картину, если бы
галерея ее не выставляла.
Работники компании будут поощрены,
если получат повышение зарплаты.
Ни обнимут друг друга, если встретятся
в аэропорту?
Если бы они не отвергли все наши
предложения, мы бы подписали
контракт.
Если бы они подтвердили собрание, мы
бы обсудили все подробности.
Если ты не завидуешь другим людям,
ты будешь счастлив.
Неловкие ситуации случаются, если ты
забываешь что-либо важное.
48
 Lesson 11 CONDITIONALS PART 2
If she didn’t gossip at work she would have
good relationship with her colleagues.
If the police hadn’t stopped the terrible
behavior of young men, I think they could
be in trouble now.
If his parents had more money, they would
have more expensive lifestyle.
If all the tickets had been sold out, the
concert wouldn’t have been postponed to
next week.
I would cancel the meeting with the boss
today if you hadn’t told me all details of начальником, если бы ты мне не
your meeting.
If I knew about your problems before, I
could help you with them.
If students revised new words every day,
they could use them on the lessons.
He would help to repair the washing
machine if he had his tools with him.
If we had known where we wanted to go,
we wouldn’t have walked about the city for не гуляли несколько часов по городу
hours yesterday.
If we had insisted on our variant, we would
have fixed all breakages of equipment with
our tools.
More clients would have been attracted if
we had applied these methods.
If the team united before the match, they
would definitely win the match.
We wouldn’t have roamed in such a
beautiful place if we hadn’t come here.
This disaster wouldn’t have happened if the Эта катастрофа не случилась бы, если бы
company had been more careful.
My acquaintance wouldn’t have responded Мой знакомый не ответил бы мне, если
me if I hadn’t sent him this information.
If I had accepted that job, I would be a
millionaire now.
Если бы она не сплетничала на работе, у
нее были бы хорошие отношения с
коллегами.
Если бы полиция не остановила ужасное
поведение молодых парней, то я думаю,
что сейчас они были бы в беде.
Если бы его родители имели больше
денег, они бы вели более дорогой образ
жизни.
Если бы все билеты были проданы,
концерт не пришлось бы откладывать
до следующей недели.
Я бы отменил сегодня встречу с
рассказал все детали вашего собрания.
Если бы я знал о твоих проблемах
раньше, я мог бы тебе помочь c ними.
Если бы студенты повторяли каждый
день новые слова, они бы могли
использовать их на уроке.
Он помог бы отремонтировать
стиральную машину, если бы у него
были с собой инструменты.
Если бы знали, куда хотим пойти, мы бы
вчера.
Если бы мы настаивали на своем
варианте, мы бы отремонтировали все
поломки оборудования своими
инструментами.
Мы бы привлекли больше клиентов,
если бы применили эти методы.
Если бы команда объединилась перед
матчем, они бы точно выиграли матч.
Мы бы не бродили в таком
замечательном месте, если бы не
приехали сюда.
компания была более осторожной.
бы я не прислал ему эту информацию.
Если бы я принял ту работу, я бы сейчас
был милионером.
49
Lesson 12 OTHER CONDITIONAL FORMS

Если бы только я жил в пригороде, как и

If only I lived in a suburb like all my friends.
If only he did not intervene, everybody
would be happy.
I wish I were more experienced.
He wishes you knew the main needs in life.
They wish he would cancel their tasks.
You will be sick and tired of your work
unless you have good rest.
Have you whispered something? If so,
repeat please.
If she doesn’t want to revise the material,
we should talk to her about it.
As long as you live in a suburb, you will
always have fresh air.
I will bring you my tools unless you have
yours.
I wish my boss weren’t so noisy today.
I will spend this Sunday with you unless
you postpone it.
If only we hadn't lost our tickets we would
not have wandered in the airport.
If only you had bought tools we wouldn’t
have needed to stop another car.
You would forget it unless you revised it.
If only she were not sick.
I won’t intervene if there are no problems.
Unless you reserve a ticket, you won’t get a Если вы не забронируете билет, вы не
seat.
I might see you tonight. If not, we can meet Возможно, я увижу тебя сегодня. Если
tomorrow.
He wishes he would go on a business trip Он бы хотел поехать в командировку
instead of you.
все мои друзья.
Если бы он не вмешивался, все были бы
счастливы.
Я хотела бы быть более опытной.
Он бы хотел, чтобы вы знали основные
потребности в жизни.
Они бы хотели, чтобы он отменил их
задания.
Ты очень устанешь от работы, если не
отдохнешь хорошенько.
Ты прошептал что-то, если так, повтори,
пожалуйста.
Если она не хочет повторить материал,
мы должны поговорить с ней об этом.
Пока вы живете в пригороде, у вас
всегда будет свежий воздух.
Я принесу вам мои инструменты, если
вы не имеете своих.
Я хочу, чтобы мой босс не был столь
шумный сегодня.
Я проведу это воскресенье вместе с
вами, если вы не отложите это.
Если бы мы не потеряли наши билеты,
мы бы не скитались в аэропорту
Если бы вы купили инструменты, нам
бы не потребовалось останавливать
другой автомобиль.
Вы бы забыли это, если бы не
повторяли.
Если бы только она не была больной.
Я не буду вмешиваться, если нет
никаких проблем.
получите место.
нет, мы можем встретиться завтра.
вместо тебя.

50
 Lesson 13 REPORTED SPEECH PART1

He said that they would have to take a taxi Он сказал, им придется взять такси
immediately. немедленно.
Sarah said she had seen Peter in the hall the Сара сказала, что видела Питера вчера в
previous day when she had attended her холе, когда посещала своих
relatives. родственников.
The teacher said that the Earth goes round Учитель сказал, что Земля вращается
the Sun. вокруг Солнца.
She said that it was probably late and she Она сказала, что уже, наверное, очень
really had to go and do the washing up at поздно, и что ей действительно нужно
home. идти и заняться стиркой дома.
She told her husband that he had forgotten Она сказала мужу, что он забыл
to pay the parking fines. уплатить штрафы за парковку.
He said that when he had been reading
Он сказал, что когда он читал вчера
children a story the previous night, the
вечером детям историю, погас свет.
lights had gone out.
She said China is a densely populated Она сказала, что Китай -
country. густонаселенная странна.
She agreed happily that she would Она согласилась счастливо, что будет
accompany us. сопровождать нас.
He said he would get in touch with me that Он сказал, что свяжется со мной сегодня
night. ночью.
Mike said that he might help us to repair Майк сказал, что он, может быть,
the car. поможет нам починить машину.
Они сказали мне, что будут принимать
They told me they would be taking part in
участие в благотворительности
charity despite all obstacles.
несмотря на все препятсвия.
He said that the train had departed before Он сказал, что поезд отправился до
they arrived at the station. того, как мы приехали на вокзал.
He told her it was a total coincidence and Он сказал ей, что это было абсолютное
he wasn’t guilty. совпадение, и он был не виновен.
You said that the duration of the meeting Ты сказал, что длительность собрания
would be stable. будет неизменной.
She said that she was tired because she had Она сказала, что была уставшей, так как
permanently worked 12 hours a day. постоянно работала 12 часов в день.
She told me she had been absolutely Она мне сказала, что была абсолютно
indifferent to all problems. равнодушной ко всем проблемам.
We informed them that the access to the Мы сообщили им, что доступ к
program would have been opened by the программе будет открыт до следующей
following week. недели.
Они сказали мне, что мою гениальную
They told me that my genius article had
статью отредактировали, потому что
been edited because it was too vital.
она была слишком жизненной.

51
Lesson 14 REPORTED SPEECH/ EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

The shop assistant asked me what shoes Консультант в магазине спросил меня,
size I wore. какой размер обуви я ношу.
He asked if the store had been closed down Он спросил, был ли магазин закрыт
the previous night. вчера.
Офицер полиции спросил его, был ли он
The police officer asked him if he had ever
когда-либо арестован за превышение
been arrested for speeding.
скорости?
He asked me why I had left my last place of Он спросил меня, почему я покинул свое
employment. последнее место работы.
They asked who had picked up the phone
Они спросили, кто снял трубку вчера.
the day before.
I asked him why he thought that his house Я спросила его, почему он думает, что
was cursed. его дом проклят.
Can you tell me why you tried to catch the Ты можешь мне сказать, почему ты
fish with your hands? пытался ловить рыбу руками?
Can you remind me what holiday Ты можешь мне напомнить, какое место
destination you have chosen? отдыха вы выбрали?
Can you remind me what I will need to Ты можешь мне напомнить, что мне
look for? нужно будет поискать?
My great uncle asked me where I had Мой двоюродный дедушка спросил, где
bought such a nice laptop. я купила такой хороший ноутбук.
My mother-in-law asked me when I would Моя теща спросила меня, когда я
deal with the breakages. займусь поломками.
He wanted to know if my sister is
Он хотел знать, уверенная ли моя сестра.
confident.
Can you tell me why you haven’t done the Ты можешь мне сказать, почему ты не
washing up? постирал?
I wonder whether it has been a real Меня интересует, был ли это реальный
hurricane. ураган?
Could you tell me why you exploited those Не могли бы вы сказать мне, почему вы
workers? эксплуатировали тех работников?
Can you tell me how I can find an
Скажите, как мне найти вдохновение?
inspiration?
I wanted to know what rate of salary we Я хотела знать, какой уровень зарплаты
will have next year. у нас будет в следующем году.
They wanted to know why they had been Они хотели знать, как их заставили это
forced to do it. сделать.
Do you know when the last drought on this Вы знаете, когда на этой территории
territory was? последний раз была засуха?

52
 Lesson 15 GERUND AND INFINITIVE

Они предложили нам прийти к ним

They offered us to come to their place
сегодня вечером в гости. Но мы не
tonight. But we didn’t expect to have such
ожидали такого приглашения. Вот
invitation. That’s why we were hesitating.
почему, мы сомневались.
Он сказал, что искал эту работу в
He said he had been looking for this job for
течение долгого времени. Именно
a long time. That’s why he hopes to receive
поэтому он надеется получить
a positive answer.
положительный ответ.
He had been apologizing for saying these
Он извинялся за эти слова в течение
words for an hour, but all in vain. He
часа, но все напрасно. Он предал ее.
betrayed her.
This month they’ve been offered to have a В этом месяце им предложили
well – paid job. высокооплачиваемую работу.
I can’t believe you wanted to go to the Я не могу поверить, что ты хотел пойти
football match. As far as I know, you aren’t на футбольный матч. Насколько я знаю,
a fan. ты не болельщик.
Эта дверь, кажется, в конце концов,
This door appears to be locked after all.
заперта.
Джон настоял на том, чтобы успеть на
John insisted on catching the early flight.
ранний рейс (вылет).
Попытайтесь немного бегать трусцой
Try jogging a bit every day.
каждый день.
She managed to persuade her parents to let Ей удалось убедить своих родителей
her go. разрешить ей уйти.
I regret to tell you that we haven’t decided Мне жаль Вам говорить, что мы решили
to accept your application. не принимать ваше заявление.
He stopped wearing a tie a year ago. Он перестал носить галстук год назад.

He denied telling a lie. Он отрицал, что лжет.

Мы не можем позволить себе поехать на
We can’t afford to go on holiday this year.
каникулы в этом году.
I can’t stand listening to this music – turn it Мне не нравится эта музыка – сделай
down. тише.
У нее хорошо получается заставлять
She is good at getting people to do anything.
людей делать что угодно.
He didn’t expect to sprain because of he had Он не ожидал растянуть связки, так
been training for a long time. как тренируется уже давно.
He succeeded in breaking the world speed Он успешно побил мировой рекорд
record. скорости.

53
 Lesson 16 MODALS REVISION

They could go to the city center, they had aОни могли пойти в центр города, у них
day off.
You will have to inherit that building or
else it may decay.
We ought to demonstrate perfect manners
on the next meeting.
I must be reliable for my friends and
colleagues.
The company has to provide insurance for Компания должна обеспечить
their clients.
You really have to clean that pile of
rubbish!
I am not sure, but he might give them
money.
There might be some transparent windows В том небоскребе, возможно, есть
in that skyscraper.
He doesn’t have to consider this suggestion
These companies will be able to
demonstrate their mutual interest on the
conference.
He might not refuse them yesterday.
I wasn’t able to hide my disgust from them.
You ought to share everything with your
close people.
We must enhance our services in order not to
decline our results.
Will you be able to find a suit the day after
tomorrow?
People will be allowed to show diverse
talents on the next audition.
Your acquaintance should bypass that
building if he wants to find us.
You shouldn’t include this information in
our report.
Generally, you will have to find the fit
variant.
был выходной.
Ты должен будешь унаследовать то
здание или оно может разрушиться.
Нам следует продемонстрировать
идеальные манеры на следующем
собрании.
Я должен быть надежным для своих
друзей и коллег.
страховку своим клиентам.
Ты на самом деле должен убрать ту
кучу мусора!
Я не уверен, но он, возможно, дает им
деньги
прозрачные окна.
Он не должен рассматривать это
предложение
Эти компании смогут
продемонстрировать свой взаимный
интерес на конференции.
Ему нельзя было отказывать им вчера.
Я не смог скрыть от них свое
отвращение.
Тебе следует делиться всем со своими
близкими людьми.
Мы должны улучшить свои услуги для
того, чтобы не снизить свои
результаты.
Вы сможете найти костюм послезавтра?
Людям можно будет
продемонстрировать различные
таланты на следующем прослушивании.
Твоему знакомому следует обойти то
здание, если он хочет найти нас.
Тебе не следует включать эту
информацию в наш отчет.
Вообще, придется найти подходящий
вариант.

54
 Lesson 17 MODALS IN THE PAST
She didn’t need to giggle at his jokes.
You should have devoted your speech to
your colleagues.
He must have overcome his addiction. He
looks great!
Our ancestors must have been really
intelligent and wise.
We didn’t need to adore our boss we had
to respect his personality.
He couldn’t have born those difficulties
anymore!
He might have demonstrated true passion
to investigation of such cases.
They must have had equal rights to
privacy.
Subsequences of this situation must have
been really dangerous!
They must have redecorated the reception
to my great delight!
The length of the route shouldn’t have
been changed by us.
The basic principles of working on this project Возможно, базовые принципы работы
might have been created by the manager.
They needn’t have changed the disposal of Им не нужно было менять размещение
the equipment.
He shouldn’t have suggested us such an odd
option!
They must have been provoked by their
opponents.
We didn’t need to rush for the concert
because all the seats were booked.
The company might have applied
forbidden methods in its work.
He might have overdone a little bit while
he was working on the project.
Ей не нужно было хихикать над его
шутками.
Тебе следовало посвятить свою речь
коллегам.
Должно быть, он преодолел свою
зависимость. Он прекрасно выглядит!
Должно быть, наши предки были
действительно умными и мудрыми.
Мы не должны были обожать своего
босса, мы должны были уважать его как
личность.
Он больше не мог выносить те
трудности!
Возможно, он продемонстрировал
настоящую страсть к расследованию
этого дела.
Должно быть, они имели равные права
на частную жизнь.
Должно быть, последствия этой
ситуации были действительно
опасными.
Должно быть, они отремонтировали
приемную, к моему огромному
удовольствию!
Нам не следовало менять длину
маршрута.
над этим проектом изменил менеджер.
оборудования.
Ему не следовало предлагать нам такой
странный вариант!
Они, должно быть, были
спровоцированы своими конкурентами.
Нам не нужно было торопиться на
концерт, потому что все места были
забронированы заранее.
Возможно, компания применила
запрещенные в работе методы.
может быть, он немного перестарался,
когда работал над проектом.
55
 Lesson 18
They have broken down the most
expensive vase in the shop.
I will really break down if I hear such
terrible news!
"But I was there", Jane broke in.
The thieves waited until it was dark
enough to break into.
I heard that Joan and Steve are breaking
up.
The game was called off.
Calm down for a minute and listen to me...
We will go back to normal when things
calm down.
He really cares for his sister’s children.
Would you care for a cup of coffee?
It is always advisable to check in early to
get a good seat on your flight.
Has he already checked out? His room looks
so empty.
I think he misses her terribly. You might
cheer him up.
The good news cheered everybody up.
I don't always come across my boss in this
restaurant.
It just came apart in my hands.
The government thought it could count on
the support of the citizens.
I'll be back. You can count on it.
Let's eat out tonight, I'm too tired to cook.
PHRASAL VERBS
Они разбили самую дорогую вазу в
магазине.
Я по настоящему расстроюсь, если
услышу такие ужасные новости.
"Но я же была там", - вмешалась Джейн.
Воры дождались, пока будет достаточно
темно, и только потом приступили ко
взлому.
Я слышал, что Джоан и Стив расстаются.
Игру отложили.
Успокойся на секунду и послушай меня..
Мы вернемся к нормальному ходу
событий, когда все успокоится.
Он действительно заботиться о детях
своей сестры.
Вы бы хотели чашечку кофе?
Всегда лучше регистрироваться на рейс
пораньше, чтобы получить хорошее
место в самолёте.
Он уже выписался с отеля? Его комната
выглядит такой пустой.
Я думаю, он сильно скучает по ней.
Возможно вы подбодрите его.
Хорошые новости всех подбодрили
Я не всегда натыкаюсь на своего боса в
этом ресторане.
Эта штука развалилась на части прямо у
меня в руках.
Правительство считало, что может
рассчитывать на поддержку жителей.
Я вернусь. Можешь на это
рассчитывать.
Давай сегодня пойдём в какой-нибудь
ресторан, я слишком устала, чтобы
готовить.
56
I can't figure out what she wants
I'm glad to see that the two firms have got
together at last.
Don't give up without even trying.
They asked me to hang on for a minute but
hung up.
I'll hang on here until the others come.
He asked me to find out the train times.
The trip will help him get over Sal's death.
He is given up by the doctors.
He refused to go against authorities in this
case.
Hold on a minute, I'll be right back!
If only they could hold on a little longer!
What are you looking for?
I really hope you aren’t looking for trouble.
Fewer women are making up these days.
Let us make it up!
The contract runs out next week.
I've run out of coffee.
Ted's always been difficult, he takes after
his dad.
The rest of us take after our mother
It turned up that his new project consists
of several mistakes.
You needn’t have worked out at a gym
twice a week
I have worked out so hard because I really
wanted to be sportive and slender.
Я не могу понять, что она хочет
Я рад слышать, что эти две фирмы,
наконец, договорились.
Не сдавайся, даже не попробовав.
Они попросили меня подождать
минуту, но я повесил трубку.
Я подожду здесь, пока подойдут другие.
Он попросил меня узнать расписание
поездов.
Путешествие поможет им преодолеть
смерть Сэл.
Врачи от него отказались.
Он отказался противостоять властям в
этом деле.
Подожди минутку, я сейчас вернусь!
Если бы только они могли подождать
немножко дольше!
Что вы ищете?
Я действительно надеюсь, что ты не
ищешь неприятностей!
Всё меньше и меньше женщин
пользуются косметикой в наше время.
Давайте помиримся!
Контракт истекает на следующей
неделе.
У меня закончился кофе.
С Тэдом всегда было сложно, он
походит на своего отца.
Остальные из нас похожи на маму.
Оказалось, что его новый проект
состоит из нескольких ошибок.
Тебе не нужно было тренироваться в
спортзале два раза в неделю.
Я тренировалась так усердно потому,
что я правда хотела быть спортивной и
стройной.
57
Lesson 19 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
It's unfair to punish the whole class for
the actions of one or two students.
Women have to cope with working and
taking care of the household and the
family.
It takes about 30 minutes on foot, or 10
minutes by car.
How about dinner out for a change?
We all to some extent remember the
good times and forget the bad.
I knew I could rely on David.
Could you give me the recipe for this
chocolate cake?
His parents don’t approve of his friends.
He suffers from a headache.
I spilled my drink on purpose. I needed
an excuse for living the room.
Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C.
Someone must have left the door open
by mistake.
They left in haste, without even saying
goodbye.
To our amazement this cheap hotel was
provided with hot water 24 hours.
Day by day there was a decrease of
temperature.
This note was written in pencil.
Will you pay by credit card or in cash?
To get tickets, you have to book in
advance.
By the way, have you seen my keys
anywhere?
Нечестно наказывать целый класс за
поступки одного или двоих студентов.
Женщинам приходится справляться с
работой, домашним хозяйством и
семьей.
Это занимает 30 минут пешком или
10 минут на машине.
Как насчет обеда где-нибудь вне дома
для разнообразия?
Мы все в некоторой степени помним
хорошие времена, а плохие забываем.
Я знал, что могу положиться на
Дэвида.
Могли бы Вы мне дать рецепт этого
шоколадного торта?
Его родители не одобряют его друзей.
Он страдает от головной боли.
Я пролил напиток нарочно. Мне
нужен был повод, чтобы уйти.
Цитрусовые фрукты богаты на
витамин Ц.
Должно быть, кто-то оставил эту
дверь открытой по ошибке.
Они поспешно ушли, даже не
попрощавшись.
К нашему удивлению, горячая вода в
этом дешевом отеле была круглые
сутки.
Изо дня в день температура спадала.
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Lesson 20
I'm really fed up with his behavior!
It was fishy when he said he was at work
yesterday.
We spent two hours horsing around before
he came.
Jack likes to pull our legs by making up
these stories.
His new haircut really turns me off.
Her dad kicked the bucket very suddenly
after the accident.
Jane is on top of the world before her
wedding.
I feel like a million dollars with this
haircut!
I guess I'm all thumbs because I broke your Мне кажется я – неловкий потому что
new vase.
This car cost me an arm and leg!
I think it’s necessary to go Dutch on the
first date.
He sometimes drinks like a fish at parties.
Sarah and Jim finally tied the knot this
summer.
It seems to me you know everything!
You’re real walking encyclopedia!
After Rose lost her job she barely makes
ends meet.
This result is fishy. They may have cooked Этот результат подозрителен.
the book.
I sold these books for a song.
You should get up earlier! You know that
the early bird catches the worm!
I’ve checked all information because I
prefer to be on the safe side.
Mary had butterflies in her stomach
because it was her first day at school.
IDIOMS
Я реально сыт по горло его поведением.
Было подозрительно, когда он сказал,
что был на работе вчера.
Мы два часа бездельничали перед тем,
как он пришел.
Джеку нравится подшучивать над нами,
придумывая эти истории.
Его новая стрижка действительно
вызывает во мне отвращение.
Его отец умер очень внезапно после
этого происшествия.
Джейн на седьмом небе от счастья
перед своей свадьбой.
С этой стрижкой я чувствую себя на
миллион долларов.
разбил твою вазу.
Эта машина стоила мне целого
состояния.
Я считаю, что на первом свидании
каждому необходимо платить за себя.
Он иногда слишком напивается на
вечоринках.
В конце концов, Сара и Джим
поженились этим летом.
Мне кажется, ты знаешь все! Ты
настоящая ходячая энциклопедия!
Роза едва сводит концы с концами
после того, как потеряла работу.
Возможно, они подделали его.
Я продал эти книги по дешевке.
Тебе следует вставать пораньше! Ты
знаешь, кто рано встает, того удача ждет
Я проверила всю информацию, потому
что предпочитаю перестраховаться.
Мэри волновалась, потому что это был
ее первый день в школе.
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It is difficult to keep a straight face when
you see something funny.
Some people have on-off relationship
very often, because they're afraid of
commitment.
Sarah has butterflies in stomach before
every meeting.
I wanted to invite her over, but I saw she
was up to her neck in work.
My mom is an early bird and she always
says that the early bird catches the worm.
Jim called the police when he realized that
this contract was fishy.
Don’t think you can buy a new house for a
song; houses are expensive.
The shop assistant caught a customer red-
handed when she was stealing some
clothes.
A wannabe is someone who is just
pretending that they’re something they are
not.
The firm was not thriving; they were in
the red for several years.
Having bumped into a woman, Nick didn’t
apologize and she gave him a dirty look.
In no time at all, my business went bust!
They fired the accountant because he
was cooking the books.
Since he was a kid everybody knew him
as a walking encyclopedia.
I never was my teacher’s pet when I
studies in high school.
When I go out with my friends, we usually
go Dutch.
I didn’t want to buy a new car as it might
cost me an arm and a leg.
Mary and Tom tied the knot last Sunday.
Трудно сохранить невозмутимый вид,
когда видишь что-то веселое.
Некоторые люди очень часто имеют
отношения, когда то расстаются, то
мирятся, потому что они боятся
обязательств.
Сара нервничала перед каждым
собранием.
Я хотел пригласить ее, но понял, что
она была по уши в работе.
Моя мама встает рано, и она всегда
говорит. Что кто рано встает, того
удача ждет.
Джим позвонил в полицию, когда
понял. Что этот контракт был
подозрительным.
Не думай, что ты можешь дешево
купить новый дом; дома дорогие.
Продавец-консультант поймал
покупательницу с поличным, когда
она воровала вещи.
Поклонник – это человек, который
делает вид, что он кто-то, кем не
является.
Фирма не процветала; они были в
долгах на протяжении нескольких лет.
Столкнувшись с женщиной, Ник не
извинился, и она посмотрела на него
с осуждением.
Вмиг мой бизнес обанкротился.
Они уволили бухгалтера, потому что
он жульничал в расчетах.
С тех пор, как он был ребенком, все
считали его ходячей энциклопедией.
Я никогда не был любимчиком
учителя, когда учился в средней школе.
Когда я гуляю с друзьями, мы обычно
расплачиваемся поровну.
Я не хотел покупать новую машину,
так как она могла дорого мне
обойтись (стоила дорого).
Мэри и Том поженились в прошлое
воскресенье.
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