Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part – 1
Tissues
CBTA
Prepared by
Rajalakshmi.K
GGHSS Kallai
Tissues
CBTA
Apical Intercalary Lateral Simple tissue Complex tissue
Permanent tissues.
CBTA
Permanent tissues are of two types
● Simple tissues -
● Complex tissues -
Parenchyma
CBTA
Collenchyma
CBTA
Sclerenchyma
CBTA
✓ The fibres are thick-walled, elongated and pointed cells
Lumen
Thick wall
Fibre
✓ The sclereids are spherical, oval or cylindrical
Lumen
Thick wall
Sclereid
Sclerenchyma
CBTA
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Part –
CBTA 2
Prepared by
Rajalakshmi.K
GGHSS Kallai
Complex Tissues
Function
CBTA
✓ provides mechanical strength to the plant parts.
❖ Tracheids
❖ Vessels
❖ Xylem fibres
❖ Xylem parenchyma.
Tracheids
Vessel CBTA
✓ Long cylindrical tube-like cells
without protoplasm.
Xylem parenchyma
✓ Protoxylem
✓ Metaxylem
Protoxylem.
CBTA
✓ The later formed primary xylem is called as Metaxylem.
Metaxylem
Protoxylem
✓ In stems, the protoxylem lies towards the centre (pith)
Protoxylem
Metaxylem
Endarch Exarch
Phloem
✓ Phloem parenchyma
✓ Phloem fibres.
Sieve tube elements
companion cells.
Prepared by
Rajalakshmi.K
GGHSS Kallai
The tissue system
It comprises of
CBTA
✓ The guard cells possess chloroplasts and regulate the
CBTA
Prepared by
Rajalakshmi. K
GGHSS Kallai
The Ground Tissue System
Epidermis Cortex
Pericycle Ground
tissue
Vascular
tissues Pith
Medullary rays
The Vascular Tissue System
parenchymatous cells.
CBTA
Anatomy of Monocotyledonous Stem
ground tissue
✓ Each vascular bundle is surrounded by sclerenchymatous
bundle sheath
CBTA
Anatomy of Monocotyledonous Root
CBTA
Anatomy of Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf
✓ Mesophyll - The tissue between the upper and the lower epidermis
CBTA
Anatomy of Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf
CBTA
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Part-6
CBTA
Prepared by
Rajalakshmi.k
GGHSS.Kallai
SECONDARY GROWTH
❖ Vascular cambium
❖ Cork cambium.
Secondary growth in Dicot stem
• It cuts off new xylem cells towards the inner side &
CBTA
Secondary phloem.
CBTA
CBTA
Spring wood and autumn wood
CBTA
✓ Annual rings seen in a cut stem give an estimate about
is called Heartwood.
CBTA
✓ The Heartwood it gives mechanical support to the stem.
✓ The peripheral region of the secondary xylem,
Heartwood
Sapwood
Cork Cambium
Phelloderm.
CBTA
✓ Phellogen, Phellem, and Phelloderm are collectively known
as Periderm or Bark
✓ At certain regions, the phellogen cuts off loosely arranged